WEBVTT 00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:05.000 This free program is paid for by the listeners of Redwood Community Radio. 00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:09.000 If you're not already a member, please think of joining us. Thank you. 00:00:09.000 --> 00:00:14.000 Redwood Community Radio comes in part from the Security Store, Inc. 00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:19.000 in the Meadows Business Park and Redway, featuring watershed dry bags and pelican cases in many sizes. 00:00:19.000 --> 00:00:22.000 Both have lifetime warranties and have been tested over time in Humboldt County. 00:00:22.000 --> 00:00:27.000 The Security Store has solutions for all security needs and is open Monday through Friday, 9 to 5. 00:00:27.000 --> 00:00:31.000 They can be reached at 923-2363. 00:00:31.000 --> 00:00:39.000 It is 7 o'clock, 85 degrees outside our Redway studios. 00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:51.000 We are Redwood Community Radio, KMUD Garberville, KMUE Eureka Arcada, KLAI Laytonville, K258BQ Shelter Cove, and on the web at kmud.org. 00:00:51.000 --> 00:01:02.000 And the views and opinions expressed throughout the broadcast day are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of this station, its staff, or underwriters. 00:01:02.000 --> 00:01:06.000 Time will be made available for other viewpoints. Thank you for joining us. 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:15.000 And KMUD thanks Jessica Baker of Jade Dragon Acupuncture for her support of Redwood Community Radio. 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:21.000 Practicing traditional Chinese medicine, Jessica treats conditions ranging from psoriasis to post-traumatic stress. 00:01:21.000 --> 00:01:35.000 Located at 607 F Street in Arcada, Jade Dragon Acupuncture can be reached at 822-4300 or check her out online at jadedragonacupuncture.com. 00:01:35.000 --> 00:01:39.000 And here comes Ask Your Herb Doctor. 00:01:40.000 --> 00:01:46.000 [Music] 00:01:47.000 --> 00:01:50.000 [Music] 00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:54.000 [Music] 00:01:54.000 --> 00:02:03.000 [Music] 00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:11.000 [Music] 00:02:16.000 --> 00:02:20.000 [Music] 00:02:20.000 --> 00:02:27.000 [Music] 00:02:27.000 --> 00:02:35.000 Well, welcome to this month's Ask Your Herb Doctor. My name's Andrew Murray. 00:02:35.000 --> 00:02:42.000 And for those of you who perhaps have never listened to the show which runs every third Friday of the month from 7 to 8pm, 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:48.000 we're both licensed medical herbalists who trained in England and graduated there with a degree in herbal medicine. 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:52.000 We run a clinic in Garboville where we consult with clients about a wide range of conditions 00:02:52.000 --> 00:02:59.000 and we manufacture all our own certified organic herb extracts which are either grown on our CCUF certified herb farm 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:03.000 or which are sourced from other USA certified organic suppliers. 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:09.000 So as per usual, I've still got the same intro but Sarah is not joining me today. 00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:15.000 So you're listening to Ask Your Herb Doctor on KMED Garboville 91.1 FM 00:03:15.000 --> 00:03:20.000 and from 7.30 until the end of the show at 8 o'clock you're invited to call in with any questions either related 00:03:20.000 --> 00:03:25.000 or unrelated to this month's subject of environmental enrichment. 00:03:25.000 --> 00:03:31.000 Amongst other things, we're going to cover a few other topics of interest as well as look at a couple of recent articles 00:03:31.000 --> 00:03:36.000 that have caused a bit of a stir and that we are going to refute for the bad science they contain. 00:03:37.000 --> 00:03:42.000 The number if you live in the area is 923 3911. 00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:47.000 So from 7.30 to 8 o'clock onwards, call is very welcome to call in with any questions about the show's content 00:03:47.000 --> 00:03:51.000 either this month's or any previous content they might have questions about. 00:03:51.000 --> 00:04:00.000 If you live outside the area, there's a toll free number is 1800 KMUD RAD which is 1-800-568-3723. 00:04:01.000 --> 00:04:09.000 And we can also be reached toll free on 1-888-WBM-HERB for further questions during normal business hours Monday through Friday. 00:04:09.000 --> 00:04:18.000 So once again, very welcome to introduce a seemingly permanent fixture to the show, thankfully, for his wisdom. 00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:20.000 Dr. Peat, thank you for joining us. 00:04:20.000 --> 00:04:21.000 Hi. 00:04:21.000 --> 00:04:28.000 Okay, I guess as always, I'd like you just to give an introduction of your academic background 00:04:28.000 --> 00:04:32.000 for perhaps those people who've just tuned into the show and have never heard you before. 00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:42.000 In the 60s, I taught biology and literature and painting and various things. 00:04:42.000 --> 00:04:55.000 But then I went to graduate school at 1968 to 72 studying biochemistry, reproductive, aging, physiology in general. 00:04:55.000 --> 00:05:03.000 And since then I've been continuing some of the same projects that I started back in the late 60s. 00:05:03.000 --> 00:05:19.000 Okay, and you're fairly prolific. I think that's the right word in terms of producing newsletters that can be accessed by people wanting to make a subscription to your newsletters. 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:30.000 And also you're a pretty constant and avid researcher of topics, both old and new, finding out the truth, if you like, about where the science is coming from. 00:05:30.000 --> 00:05:35.000 And that leads me on to a couple of articles I wanted to discuss. 00:05:35.000 --> 00:05:47.000 I wanted you to discuss the bad science portion of the articles because one of them caused a fair amount of stir in as much as the topics that we've talked about in the past. 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:53.000 Things like salt being good for you and sugar being good for you and saturated fats being good for you. 00:05:53.000 --> 00:06:04.000 The saturated fat seems to be working its way to the surface now with the medical establishment seemingly doing a U-turn on the polyunsaturates, saying that the polyunsaturates are bad for you now. 00:06:04.000 --> 00:06:09.000 Actually, the saturated fats are good for you. And hopefully in time here, the same thing will happen with sugar. 00:06:09.000 --> 00:06:17.000 But recently there's been an article that was published that seemed to shoot down the benefits of sugar and it was done with mice. 00:06:17.000 --> 00:06:21.000 And they were using two different groups of mice. 00:06:21.000 --> 00:06:39.000 The bottom line of the article was that it was calling sugar poisonous and was saying that it had the same kind of effects in terms of the results as when they tested mouse groups that were inbred. 00:06:39.000 --> 00:06:58.000 And that the same negative effects were present in the sugar group as were in the mouse group that were inbred in terms of their ability to control territory and dominate others as signs of their healthiness and their ability to find the best place to sleep and mate with the best females. 00:06:58.000 --> 00:07:08.000 So you're familiar with that study done in Utah, the University in Utah, that said that sugar was bad for the mice and it caused an early death and all sorts of things. 00:07:08.000 --> 00:07:31.000 Yeah, it just came out a couple days ago and people have been contacting me about it because it basically says that the amount of sugar, fructose and sucrose in three sweetened drinks that Americans, a large part of the population, average that many per day, 00:07:31.000 --> 00:07:38.000 that that amount given to mice causes extremely high mortality. 00:07:38.000 --> 00:08:05.000 The next best thing to rat poison for the high rate of mortality in a period of I think it was 32 weeks or 36 weeks, 35% of the sugar reared females died and only 17% of the so-called stock diet females died. 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:10.000 That sounds bad on the face of it, doesn't it? You're going to explain the science behind the findings. 00:08:10.000 --> 00:08:19.000 Yeah, twice as many deaths in this fairly moderate period of time just from drinking the equivalent of three sodas. 00:08:19.000 --> 00:08:33.000 And that was so weird and extreme. I looked up what that group had been doing before this study and they were working on, as you mentioned, inbreeding. 00:08:33.000 --> 00:09:02.000 And they found that the inbred mice had a high mortality and aggression was designed into their living arrangement so that they thought of it as accelerated evolution apparently in which the survival of the meanest would be evident in a very short time. 00:09:02.000 --> 00:09:17.000 And it happened several years ago, just a year or two before they switched from their inbreeding studies to the sugar study. 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:37.000 There were three or four papers published showing that a diet enriched in starch and polyunsaturated fats powerfully increased aggression and mouse killing in rats. 00:09:37.000 --> 00:09:57.000 So the connection between starch, polyunsaturated fats and aggression was clearly established and they had an environmental setup that allowed aggression to kill off part of the population fairly quickly. 00:09:57.000 --> 00:10:21.000 And so I don't think it was just an objective study of the effect of sugar because the so-called stock diet consisting of some grains and soy protein or soy flour and corn starch added 25% corn starch. 00:10:21.000 --> 00:10:50.000 So the grains contained the polyunsaturated fats and it was a model of the aggression promoting diet but they didn't mention that in their publicity about the fact that the so-called normal diet allowed higher survival in the females than the sugar rearing diet with the equivalent of three sodas per day. 00:10:50.000 --> 00:11:19.000 So what they did was create an arrangement in which feeding one group of animals so that they became aggressive, the setup was such that they could take over the food supply, the nesting arrangement and generally bully the weaker animals. 00:11:19.000 --> 00:11:31.000 So that extremely high mortality is not produced by drinking three sodas a day. 00:11:31.000 --> 00:11:50.000 It would be if you had to associate the sugar reared population with the population living on starch and polyunsaturated fats and they injured the passive people. 00:11:50.000 --> 00:12:12.000 Can you hear any buzzing on the line? How's this phone line to you Dr. Peat? 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:13.000 So far it's perfect. 00:12:13.000 --> 00:12:20.000 Good. I just heard the buzz. Maybe it was just on my end. 00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:33.000 So unfortunately, as another example of some skewed science to produce results in the direction that was favorable to the outcome which was that sugar was bad for you when actually it was not modeled correctly and the actual findings weren't realistic. 00:12:33.000 --> 00:12:57.000 Okay, so that's the first thing and then there was another article from a study done in Italy which referenced the intake of T4, specifically Synthroid which is a fairly common prescription for thyroid deficiency and a link between Synthroid use and lung cancer. 00:12:57.000 --> 00:13:06.000 So that caused again a little bit of a stir given that quite a few people were using Synthroid for low thyroid function. 00:13:06.000 --> 00:13:17.000 In terms of Synthroid's use and its activity as a compound, what did you find about that study that was erroneous? 00:13:17.000 --> 00:13:45.000 There were animal studies with lung cancer specifically that are very relevant to that and they found that T3, the active thyroid hormone, inhibited the growth of the cancer cells but that T4 increased their growth and increased the metastatic ability of them. 00:13:45.000 --> 00:13:55.000 And that's similar to some studies that started about 30 years ago published in JAMA. 00:13:55.000 --> 00:14:23.000 There was a study in I think it was the late 80s studying a group of five women who had been treated for hypothyroidism with T4 only such as Synthroid, comparing them to a group of women who weren't given any thyroid supplement. 00:14:23.000 --> 00:14:39.000 So they had chosen a group of hypothyroid women and reported that the ones who received the T4 or Synthroid had a higher rate of osteoporosis. 00:14:39.000 --> 00:14:57.000 But since low thyroid is compensated by high cortisone and high prolactin and other stress hormones which cause bone problems including osteoporosis, 00:14:57.000 --> 00:15:14.000 what they were doing was looking at a population with a deficient thyroid problem treated insufficiently with something like 100 micrograms of T4. 00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:28.000 And it has been known for decades that women are much less able to convert T4 or Synthroid into the active hormone. 00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:36.000 So it's especially inappropriate for treating women with hypothyroidism to give them only T4. 00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:57.000 Okay, from a perspective of being stimulant to turn up oxidative stress in terms of T4's activity, I don't think you're not really an advocate of just using T4 anyway in terms of its physiological effect and its usefulness. 00:15:57.000 --> 00:16:14.000 In general, both of the thyroid hormones, if you can convert the thyroxine into T3, they both can have a very important anti-oxidative damage function. 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:32.000 By increasing the rate of useful oxidation, they keep electrons from escaping from the electron transport chain in the mitochondrion and prevent the random oxidative damage. 00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:56.000 Just uncoupling the production of energy so you're wasting oxygen and fuel with some drugs, for example, that used to be used for weight loss which activated the oxidation the way thyroid does but without producing useful energy. 00:16:56.000 --> 00:17:02.000 Even that kind of uncoupling is known to reduce oxidative damage. 00:17:02.000 --> 00:17:20.000 So when you're finding increased oxidative breakdown products when you give T4, it shows that you're not activating oxidative metabolism the way thyroid normally does. 00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:25.000 You're interfering in some way with the respiratory system. 00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:34.000 Thank you for that. Those two articles, like I said, caused a bit of a stir but obviously they're not in the right context. 00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:43.000 You're listening to Ask Your Ob Doctor on KMUD Garbaville, 91.1 FM, from 7.30 until the end of the show at 8 o'clock. 00:17:43.000 --> 00:17:49.000 Callers are invited to come in with any questions they have either about tonight's subject or previous subjects. 00:17:49.000 --> 00:18:03.000 The number if you live in the area is 9233911. If you live outside the area there's a 1-800-568-3723 number. 00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:24.000 Let's move on to the main topic of tonight. The subject of environmental enrichment in terms of negating the effects, if you like, or staving off the effects of brain atrophy and also the reference to Alzheimer's. 00:18:24.000 --> 00:18:43.000 Seeing that this enrichment now is proposed as a new approach, if you like, for the treatment of Alzheimer's, another neurodegenerative disease where lab findings show an association between Alzheimer's and increased levels of destructive inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide and cortisol as well as prostaglandins. 00:18:43.000 --> 00:18:55.000 What do you know about this topic of environmental enrichment and its perspective to energy and anti-inflammation? 00:18:55.000 --> 00:19:16.000 That observation that Alzheimer's people have drastically reduced living variety, they tend not to socialize as much as people who are resistant to Alzheimer's, 00:19:16.000 --> 00:19:38.000 that started me thinking about the general range of stimulation and animal studies beyond simple more or less voluntary isolation that old people often develop the habit of just staying at home and watching television or something. 00:19:38.000 --> 00:20:01.000 Beyond that, animal studies did various things, isolation at different ages, separating the baby animals from their mothers right after weaning, giving them solitary confinement until they're middle-aged, 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:11.000 and even tightening up their environment to the point of holding them so they can't do anything at all. 00:20:11.000 --> 00:20:35.000 There's a gradient all the way from living in a playground basically with slides and wheels and various colored objects, balls to push around and so on, all the way down to being rolled up in a blanket so you can't move. 00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:45.000 But you see the same things happening. The worse the stress is, the smaller the brain gets. 00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:55.000 Depression is known to increase cortisol and cause atrophy of all of the tissues and that includes the brain. 00:20:55.000 --> 00:21:09.000 So they see that after about three years of just being psychologically depressed, people show a smaller reduction of the brain volume. 00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:38.000 Animal studies starting in the 1960s at University of California, Berkeley, they first found that animals given stimulation, a big playground to roam in when they weren't eating and sleeping, they found that they learned better, could solve problems better. 00:21:38.000 --> 00:21:55.000 So they examined their brains to see what was happening and they found that the enzyme cholinesterase was increased in proportion to how much they were stimulated and how well they learned. 00:21:55.000 --> 00:22:16.000 They kept that study going on generation after generation and found that it not only increased this enzyme that destroys acetylcholine, it involved enlargement of the whole brain, especially the cortex. 00:22:16.000 --> 00:22:26.000 Each generation, both the enzyme increased and the brain got larger. 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:51.000 So it's passed on. Yeah, in a physiological sort of inheritance, which is getting some study now in the last 10 years. But at the time, they were just interested in the fact that the environment could cause these major biological changes, especially in the brain. 00:22:51.000 --> 00:23:08.000 But a lot of people said, "Well, if you're destroying acetylcholine at a higher rate and the brain gets bigger, that must mean you have more activity of the cholinergic nerves making acetylcholine." 00:23:08.000 --> 00:23:15.000 But that isn't what they found. They found that the enzyme that destroys it was increased as the brain got bigger. 00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:32.000 That kind of reasoning without facts shifted over to thinking about the deterioration of the brain in Alzheimer's disease. 00:23:32.000 --> 00:23:47.000 They saw that there was less tissue in parts of the brain, especially in the cholinergic part. 00:23:47.000 --> 00:24:12.000 No one suggested that maybe overexposure to acetylcholine might have something to do with why the nerves atrophied, because the various stress signals increase the various factors that cause brain shrinkage. 00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:26.000 So, they proposed poisoning the enzyme called anesterase, which was associated in the animal studies with increased intelligence, memory, and brain growth. 00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:43.000 They proposed doing just the opposite, poisoning that enzyme to increase the amount of acetylcholine in the brain. 00:24:43.000 --> 00:25:04.000 The enzyme was tacrine, the name of the chemical. Several studies by the late 90s, they were seeing that it did absolutely nothing for the Alzheimer's dementia, but it did cause a terrifically high incidence of liver disease. 00:25:04.000 --> 00:25:22.000 In the 70s, it happened that Parkinson's disease was, they were looking around for other things than L-DOPA to treat it with because that didn't work too well. 00:25:22.000 --> 00:25:47.000 Some virus treatment investigations had found that a derivative of camphor or a similar compound that was used to cure herpes and influenza also had nerve protective action. 00:25:47.000 --> 00:25:57.000 They thought, why not use this amandidine or adamantine amine to treat Parkinson's disease? 00:25:57.000 --> 00:26:08.000 They found that it did benefit Parkinson's disease, which involved, among other things, an excess of acetylcholine. 00:26:08.000 --> 00:26:22.000 This amandidine was known right from the time of the virus studies, it was known to be an anti-cholinergic drug. 00:26:22.000 --> 00:26:34.000 It was recognized as an anti-cholinergic when it was being used to improve Parkinson's patients. 00:26:34.000 --> 00:26:46.000 But the Alzheimer's people, seeing the success with Parkinson's disease, wanted to try it in their population. 00:26:46.000 --> 00:27:04.000 But since they were already treating with something that increased the cholinergic acetylcholine, they couldn't very well switch right over to something absolutely the opposite to inhibit the cholinergic system. 00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:23.000 So they suddenly discovered that as well as being anti-cholinergic, amandidine and a very similar amandine, they found that they also inhibit the excitotoxins, the glutamate aspartate excitatory system. 00:27:23.000 --> 00:27:50.000 So suddenly this anti-cholinergic drug became an anti-excitatory drug and was fit to be used in Alzheimer's patients in combination with tacrine or the galantamine or other drugs to poison the enzyme which this new drug was activating. 00:27:50.000 --> 00:28:00.000 Wow. Do you know, these two compounds you mentioned, tacrine and galantamine? 00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:09.000 Well, amandidine and memantinine, are they still prescribable drugs? 00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:24.000 Oh yeah, amandidine I think is now a standard Alzheimer's treatment along with whatever toxin of the cholinesterase inhibiting. 00:28:24.000 --> 00:28:47.000 So this was, because I was always, I mean in terms of my physiology studying herbal medicine, I was always taught that acetylcholine was a very important neurotransmitter and it was mopped up in a synaptic cleft by acetylcholine esterase and that prevented any overstimulation firing. 00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:55.000 So, for what you were just discussing right now, we're talking about a kind of excess situation where there's an excess? 00:28:55.000 --> 00:29:22.000 Yeah, inescapable stress, the stress hormones rather than pushing higher and higher on the cortisol and adrenaline direction to excite things, run the heart at a faster rate. 00:29:22.000 --> 00:29:31.000 The body shifts when it sees futility, inability to escape. 00:29:31.000 --> 00:29:42.000 It can simply switch gears and turn off that system and turn on the acetylcholine cholinergic system. 00:29:42.000 --> 00:30:05.000 And the confinement inescapable stress, which is the extreme of isolation, the extreme opposite from enriched environment, this turns on the cholinergic dominant system, 00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:17.000 which lowers blood sugar and in consequence, lowering the blood sugar activates histamine release. 00:30:17.000 --> 00:30:32.000 Some of the acetylcholine nerves, such as the vagus nerve, amplify their influence by releasing histamine, which is very similar in its effects to acetylcholine. 00:30:32.000 --> 00:30:42.000 So, you can think of this kind of inescapable stress as turning on the histamine type of cholinergic reaction. 00:30:42.000 --> 00:30:48.000 So, this is really a kind of death situation. This would be going towards death and away from life? 00:30:48.000 --> 00:30:49.000 Yeah. 00:30:49.000 --> 00:30:50.000 Biologically? 00:30:50.000 --> 00:31:00.000 In the learned helplessness experiments of the 60s, Martin Seligman is the person who made that famous. 00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:02.000 He's now doing military research. 00:31:02.000 --> 00:31:03.000 Whoops. 00:31:03.000 --> 00:31:22.000 He found that if you almost drowned a rat but saved it, even the rats that saw it being saved would swim on for days before they drowned. 00:31:22.000 --> 00:31:33.000 And if you put the saved rat back in, the experience of being saved would cause it to swim much longer than the average rat, which might give up after a day. 00:31:33.000 --> 00:31:36.000 That sounds like the seed of hope to me. 00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:56.000 Yeah, but if you simply held the rat in your hand until it got the idea that it was powerless, one experience of being unable to escape, you would drop it in the water and it would basically drown in 30 minutes. 00:31:56.000 --> 00:31:59.000 Wow, wow, far out. Go ahead. 00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:11.000 The state of the heart, they found, was in a turned off state, basically a cholinergic anti-mobilization energy state. 00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:16.000 Wow. We do have a couple of callers, obviously. Thanks for that explanation. That's pretty profound. 00:32:16.000 --> 00:32:20.000 So, let's take the first caller. You're on the air? 00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:21.000 Is that me, please? 00:32:21.000 --> 00:32:23.000 Yeah, you're on the air. And where are you calling from? 00:32:23.000 --> 00:32:26.000 From Oregon House, California, which is close to Nevada City. 00:32:26.000 --> 00:32:28.000 Okay, thank you. 00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:41.000 Yes, the first question has to do with toe fungus. Dr. Peat, you mentioned in the past that sulfur was good for fungus, and I was just wondering if it would work with toe fungus and if I should use some DMFO to get it in there. 00:32:41.000 --> 00:32:47.000 And the second was, I was wondering about your thoughts on irradiation of food. 00:32:47.000 --> 00:33:02.000 There's a 10% sulfur soap sold at drugstores. They might not stock it on the shelf because it's too cheap, but it works very well for an athlete's foot, anywhere on the body. 00:33:02.000 --> 00:33:06.000 This is a bit deeper than an athlete's foot. It's actually in the nail bed. 00:33:06.000 --> 00:33:20.000 Yeah, once it gets into the nail, it's very hard to get anything in there. But it's possible that DMFO would help it penetrate through the nail. 00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:25.000 But the fungus actually lives right inside the thick nail material. 00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:36.000 I have been using a Dremel to thin it out as much as I can bear, but I'll try that too. So about irradiation of food, do you have any thoughts about that? 00:33:36.000 --> 00:33:54.000 Yeah, it's been known for a long time that it breaks down all of the fragile, easily oxidized nutrients, changes some of the amino acids, turns tryptophan into some toxins. 00:33:54.000 --> 00:34:09.000 The advocates of it, the radiation waste disposal industry, it's a good way to get rid of radioactive waste, put it into factories. 00:34:09.000 --> 00:34:17.000 They do studies and claim that it almost doesn't change the food at all. 00:34:17.000 --> 00:34:29.000 It seems like the idea behind it, in part at least, is that they could supposedly drop their sanitation standards to zero and then rely on the radiation to kill bacteria. 00:34:29.000 --> 00:34:41.000 Yeah, but it does, it changes the flavor fairly drastically. It gives it a rancid flavor almost instantly. 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:47.000 But the public gets accustomed to degraded food. 00:34:47.000 --> 00:34:50.000 Okay, well thanks very much. 00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:55.000 Thank you for that cool caller. Okay, do we have any other? Yeah, Michael, let's take the next caller please. 00:34:55.000 --> 00:35:08.000 Yeah, hi, I'm calling from the Saline Creek Watershed and I got a question about kava, that you know, supposedly the most powerful anxiolytic there is. 00:35:08.000 --> 00:35:13.000 Am I on air? Hello? Yeah, you're on the air, I can hear you. 00:35:13.000 --> 00:35:25.000 And all of the studies done, I went to an herb school in the eastern part of the country and you know, it was my teacher's favorite herb also and it's something that I use chronically. 00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:40.000 I guess, yeah, anyways, the thing that I'm curious about is like I've heard that a lot of the studies done that say that it has liver damage were done on like, you know, like one of those studies where they gave the above ground parts instead of just the below ground parts. 00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.000 I'm just curious about your thoughts and opinions on that and if you know anything about that study. 00:35:44.000 --> 00:35:54.000 Yeah, I do. The parts that I use anyway are the roots and the study that showed this, another good example of skewed science, 00:35:54.000 --> 00:36:06.000 showed the hepatotoxic effects of kava were actually done with a hexane extract of kava kava and actually the hexane was probably more carcinogenic than anything else. 00:36:06.000 --> 00:36:19.000 In terms of its use in Fiji and parts of the tropical Philippines where they grow kava and use kava in Hawaii to, you know, ceremoniously, 00:36:19.000 --> 00:36:37.000 there's no real recorded incidence of any liver toxic effects of it so you would think, I know that's probably an aqueous extract so I don't think they use ethanol to extract it which it is typically extracted in a 45% or 60% ethanol. 00:36:37.000 --> 00:36:43.000 You can definitely make, I've definitely made fresh kava tincture with 95% and it works great. 00:36:43.000 --> 00:36:58.000 Yeah, well that was the main bit of science that came out was with the hexane extract and I believe it was to animals, it was in an animal study so I think it was a rat or mouse study that showed liver damage and the liver damage almost exclusively was done to the hexane. 00:36:58.000 --> 00:37:03.000 Well, do you see any long-term negative effects of using kava tonically? 00:37:03.000 --> 00:37:20.000 I can't say that I've witnessed any long-term effects myself. I know a lot of people use it for skeletal muscle relaxation, that's its main indication is to relax skeletal muscle which is why it's termed an anxiolytic. 00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:31.000 Yeah, I think ceremoniously when it's used it's probably ingested in large amounts and so I think it does have a fairly profound relaxing activity. 00:37:31.000 --> 00:37:47.000 If you were to use kava kava in a quote therapeutic sense, the dose would probably be nowhere near as much and you'd probably experience some general anxiolytic action but not as profound perhaps as you would if you were in a kava ceremony. 00:37:47.000 --> 00:37:54.000 Totally, I feel like the way it makes your mouth tingle it makes your whole mind and body tingle too, that's how it works. 00:37:54.000 --> 00:37:56.000 Yep, that's the hallmark of kava. 00:37:56.000 --> 00:37:58.000 Well, thanks for your input. 00:37:58.000 --> 00:37:59.000 Yeah, you're very welcome. 00:37:59.000 --> 00:38:00.000 Have a good one, bye. 00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:01.000 Yeah, thank you for calling. 00:38:01.000 --> 00:38:03.000 Okay, we have another caller on the line, let's take the next caller. 00:38:03.000 --> 00:38:04.000 Hello? 00:38:04.000 --> 00:38:05.000 Hi, you're on the air. 00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:23.000 Yes, I want to ask something in regard to the thyroid. Now my situation is my thyroid is a bit low and they have me on 88 micrograms of something I think they call levothyroxine. 00:38:23.000 --> 00:38:25.000 Yeah, levothyroxine. 00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:27.000 Okay, is that the same as the synthroid? 00:38:27.000 --> 00:38:29.000 Yeah, it's T4. 00:38:29.000 --> 00:38:46.000 Okay, it's T4. All right, now, yeah, sometimes I get the 3 and the 4 mixed up. And I asked the doctor, the endocrinologist, do I need to take the T3 as well as the T4 and he said that we convert T4 into T3 automatically. 00:38:46.000 --> 00:38:47.000 Yeah, well. 00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:50.000 Is that true? Do we do that? 00:38:50.000 --> 00:39:13.000 Well, the reason women have 5 to 10 times the number of thyroid problems of all sorts than men do is that their liver is relatively unable to convert T4 to the active T3 hormone efficiently. 00:39:13.000 --> 00:39:35.000 In the 1940s when T4 was synthesized and brought out as a product, it was tested on male medical students and it worked in them just the same as armor thyroid extract. But they didn't bother testing it on a female population which... 00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:44.000 Well, I've been having tests fairly regularly to see how it's doing and they keep telling me that my thyroid is now normal. 00:39:44.000 --> 00:40:05.000 Well, the old normal concentration in the blood of T4 and T3 when the gland was producing it and the liver was activating it or when a person was using armor thyroid as a supplement, the ratio... 00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:11.000 Well, I'm not using that. So, I mean, is this working for me or is there a reason for me to take the armor instead or what? 00:40:11.000 --> 00:40:23.000 Well, if you have any symptoms of hypothyroidism remaining, then that would mean that your liver isn't activating the T4. 00:40:23.000 --> 00:40:30.000 Well, when they do the blood test and they say that my thyroid is at a normal level, that's... 00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:54.000 Well, they changed the normal level previous to the use of pure thyroxine. There was a very slight difference like a 4 to 1 or 10 to 1 ratio of thyroxine to T3 in the blood, but now they consider 50 to 1 to be normal. 00:40:54.000 --> 00:40:59.000 So, you're saying that the blood test isn't reliable for me to know? 00:40:59.000 --> 00:41:13.000 The blood test has been standardized on a population of people who have been using only thyroxine rather than the natural thyroid or people who have no thyroid problem at all. 00:41:13.000 --> 00:41:25.000 Well, now if I took the armor that has the T3 also, does that mean that I'm going to get, you know, make better use of it or I'm just going to be... 00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:44.000 It's exactly the proportion that your own gland secretes and then the liver, if your liver is responding to the active T3 secreted by the gland, the liver will go ahead and convert the rest of the T4 to T3. 00:41:44.000 --> 00:42:06.000 But if you take armor thyroid and metabolize it perfectly, your blood test is going to show excess above normal T3 because they've standardized the test to say that normal is what is produced by taking thyroxine. 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:12.000 Well, if it's going to help me, I might try it. How long does it take to take it before the test will show differently? 00:42:12.000 --> 00:42:26.000 Well, if your TSH is in the low normal range and if your temperature and pulse rate are good and if you don't have any symptoms, then you're handling it properly. 00:42:26.000 --> 00:42:29.000 What are the symptoms of having a low thyroid? 00:42:29.000 --> 00:42:49.000 Cold hands and feet are very common, low blood sugar, anxiety, fatigue, depression, dry skin, edema, inability to go very long without getting hungry, craving sweets. 00:42:49.000 --> 00:43:02.000 I don't think I have too much of that. What happened is I had had atrial fibrillation and they discovered that I had a high thyroid or overactive thyroid, which I'd never had before. 00:43:02.000 --> 00:43:12.000 I don't know what caused it. It came on and the only symptom I had was the heartbeat, irregular heartbeat. 00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:28.000 So they told me basically I could take something called methimazole, which would lower the thyroid, but it would make me very susceptible to bad infections and lots of difficult side effects. 00:43:28.000 --> 00:43:40.000 The other thing they said I could do was have my thyroid, basically most of it destroyed by taking a radioactive iodine treatment. 00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:53.000 That sounds drastic, but it seemed like, well, if I shrink my thyroid down below normal with this, then that's it and all I have to do is take thyroid and that's not going to have the side effects of the methimazole. 00:43:53.000 --> 00:44:05.000 So I chose to do that and then gradually the thyroid started to shrink and it seems to have stabilized where I need to add the 88 micrograms and then I'm okay. 00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:11.000 What do you think about doing that if you have a hyperthyroid? 00:44:11.000 --> 00:44:18.000 There was a study of people with hyperthyroidism treated by three different kinds of doctors. 00:44:18.000 --> 00:44:30.000 One did surgery, one did the radioactive iodine to kill the thyroid, and the third group got just the thyroid suppressing chemical. 00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:49.000 The patients on the chemical, most of them after six months recovered and the portion, about 30 percent, that didn't recover in six months, with another six months, they recovered just with the suppressing chemical. 00:44:49.000 --> 00:44:55.000 Then they went on to have a functioning thyroid afterwards rather than having it destroyed. 00:44:55.000 --> 00:45:07.000 Well, for me, I already had it, but it didn't totally destroy it. They calibrated it so that it would just be a little bit below normal and I would still make some thyroid, but I'd have to have it add some. 00:45:07.000 --> 00:45:12.000 I just didn't want to take the chance on the chemical because there were so many side effects. 00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:17.000 Whereas once you lower it with the radioactive thing, then that's done. 00:45:17.000 --> 00:45:25.000 You're no longer radioactive. They say it goes straight through the thyroid gland and shrinks it and it doesn't go anywhere else in your body. 00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.000 So that's what's going on, so now I have to add the thyroid. 00:45:29.000 --> 00:45:38.000 So you're saying that if I don't have symptoms of hypothyroidism, then I should just stick with what I'm doing and I don't need the armor? 00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:44.000 Yeah, the temperature, pulse rate, and symptoms are good indicators. 00:45:44.000 --> 00:45:49.000 Yeah, I don't have cold hands and feet. I think everything's normal. 00:45:49.000 --> 00:46:00.000 Sometimes I get fatigued, but I think it might be a result of going through the intense heart thing because it took a while for that to get balanced. 00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:03.000 But now everything seems to be getting better. 00:46:03.000 --> 00:46:07.000 Well, thank you. I want to give somebody else a chance. Thank you very much. 00:46:07.000 --> 00:46:08.000 Okay, bye. 00:46:08.000 --> 00:46:09.000 Thank you, beautiful. 00:46:09.000 --> 00:46:12.000 All right, we do have a couple of other callers, obviously, so let's take the next caller. 00:46:12.000 --> 00:46:14.000 You're on the air? 00:46:14.000 --> 00:46:16.000 Yes, this is David from Missouri. 00:46:16.000 --> 00:46:19.000 Hi, David. 00:46:19.000 --> 00:46:34.000 Dr. Peat, I wanted to ask about what I'm starting to gather from reading most of your nutritional philosophy and then also looking at the East-West Healing Cookbook that you wrote the foreword for. 00:46:34.000 --> 00:46:49.000 I've noticed that on a lot of the food preparation that they will take the seeds out of, like, cucumbers and tomatoes and, you know, you always skin the potatoes. 00:46:49.000 --> 00:46:53.000 And I think I understand why, but I just wanted to understand this a little bit better. 00:46:53.000 --> 00:47:02.000 I know that we don't want seeds because they have polyunsaturated fats, but you would think that a lot of those seeds would just pass through. 00:47:02.000 --> 00:47:13.000 Is it because a lot of these things will lodge in the crooks and crannies of the intestine and possibly just sit there and become an irritant, or possibly the bacteria will feed off of that because it's -- 00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:29.000 You know, some seeds do pass through harmlessly, like cactus pear seeds. They're so tough that they pass through without being an irritant. 00:47:29.000 --> 00:47:46.000 Tomato seeds are so tender that if they get crushed by chewing, they release fairly toxic materials, protein oxidizing. 00:47:46.000 --> 00:47:59.000 And seeds in general are protected for the plant's benefit by toxins that are aimed at whatever predator threatens them. 00:47:59.000 --> 00:48:08.000 So many seeds contain toxins that are intended to prevent mammalian enzymes from digesting them. 00:48:08.000 --> 00:48:19.000 Ah-ha. So like a blackberry seed, you know, blackberries, I mean, they seem so good, but those seeds, they seem like they're just going to get stuck in the intestine somewhere. 00:48:19.000 --> 00:48:26.000 You know, they're so hard. Is that a possibility? Are those going to pass through, or are they going to create that toxic effect? 00:48:26.000 --> 00:48:31.000 They pass right through unless you chew them and have an allergic reaction. 00:48:31.000 --> 00:48:41.000 Okay. And so like the potato skin, obviously that is not digestible, so that's going to probably sit in the intestine and feed bacteria, or is that going to pass through too? 00:48:41.000 --> 00:48:50.000 No. Cellulose is a very harmless fiber because bacteria generally can't break it down. 00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:57.000 Only a few types of bacteria can attack cellulose, so it passes through just as bulky fiber. 00:48:57.000 --> 00:49:09.000 But the potato family, like the tomatoes, the whole family includes chemicals that are highly allergenic. 00:49:09.000 --> 00:49:18.000 So if you're allergic to tomatoes, you're likely to have some reaction to chilies, eggplants, and potatoes too. 00:49:18.000 --> 00:49:22.000 So you're saying just the whole potato in general or the skin itself? 00:49:22.000 --> 00:49:26.000 The skin has the most allergens. 00:49:26.000 --> 00:49:31.000 Okay, so it is a good idea to peel that then, more than likely. 00:49:31.000 --> 00:49:32.000 Yeah. 00:49:32.000 --> 00:49:41.000 Okay. And then the other thing is, you know, I've noticed that you recommend, it seems like you don't say for sure on this, 00:49:41.000 --> 00:49:47.000 but you usually will say just plain white sugar rather than like if you're on the health food store now, 00:49:47.000 --> 00:49:53.000 they're always promoting these cane organic sugars that aren't refined, so they're not white. 00:49:53.000 --> 00:49:55.000 They're like branished colored and different things. 00:49:55.000 --> 00:50:03.000 I guess the problem with these things that are not more purified is that they have allergens in them 00:50:03.000 --> 00:50:08.000 or possibly things from the processing of the different substances. 00:50:08.000 --> 00:50:09.000 Is that -- 00:50:09.000 --> 00:50:17.000 Yeah, if you've ever tasted blackstrap molasses, sometimes you can taste smoke in it. 00:50:17.000 --> 00:50:25.000 And they used to burn the cane fields to make them easier to harvest, and so they would be smoky. 00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:35.000 And then they would boil it down, and the molasses would collect minerals, a lot of nutritious stuff, 00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.000 but also the junk and smoky material. 00:50:39.000 --> 00:50:40.000 Wow. 00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:54.000 And even with very clean material like maple syrup or the maguey juice, those come out very clean, 00:50:54.000 --> 00:51:03.000 and when they're cooked, the high temperature, if it's browning the sugar, that's breaking down the sugar itself 00:51:03.000 --> 00:51:11.000 and producing some highly irritating, possibly toxic materials. 00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:15.000 So if these different sugars were produced properly, they would be great, 00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:25.000 but we're kind of playing it safe by just getting white sugar because it's probably the purest form of glucose and fructose, right? 00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:33.000 Yeah, if it could, for example, be concentrated in a vacuum with a moderate temperature, 00:51:33.000 --> 00:51:39.000 maybe something like pasteurization temperature, 00:51:39.000 --> 00:51:47.000 that would be a very safe way to make sugar without having to wash the brown stuff out of it. 00:51:47.000 --> 00:51:48.000 So you could -- 00:51:48.000 --> 00:51:53.000 And so like the fructose that you can buy, like, in the health food stores, 00:51:53.000 --> 00:51:56.000 you had mentioned to me in an email one time that, you know, 00:51:56.000 --> 00:51:59.000 you've just got to make sure that you don't have a reaction to it. 00:51:59.000 --> 00:52:05.000 I guess what you were indicating there is that how they produce it again is potentially a problem. 00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:07.000 Is that correct? 00:52:07.000 --> 00:52:16.000 Yeah, I think it's all made from cornstarch industrially, and you have to just test it yourself. 00:52:16.000 --> 00:52:21.000 Some people have a fairly intense, quick reaction, allergic to it. 00:52:21.000 --> 00:52:24.000 Some people do beautifully on it, 00:52:24.000 --> 00:52:29.000 and I'm not sure if it's the person's difference or the product's difference. 00:52:29.000 --> 00:52:35.000 And if you did find a fructose that worked best for you, or if it worked and you didn't have an allergic reaction, 00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:38.000 that would be the ideal sugar, right? 00:52:38.000 --> 00:52:48.000 Yeah, but fruit is really ideal because you get so many other nutrients with the sugar. 00:52:48.000 --> 00:52:51.000 And, you know, just one more question. 00:52:51.000 --> 00:52:55.000 Since you brought up fruit, like eating grapes that are seedless grapes, 00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:57.000 is that skin a problem on a grape? 00:52:57.000 --> 00:53:04.000 Is it going to stick in the intestine and then feed bacteria, or is it usually broken down pretty quickly? 00:53:04.000 --> 00:53:13.000 One problem with grapes, if you don't wash them very carefully, is that the white bloom on the skin, 00:53:13.000 --> 00:53:18.000 if you rub it and polish it, that comes off. 00:53:18.000 --> 00:53:23.000 It's because yeast grow on the waxy surface of the skin. 00:53:23.000 --> 00:53:28.000 I've wondered about that, because you can almost see it. 00:53:28.000 --> 00:53:42.000 Yeah, and so the fungus growing on the skin always has its normal amount of estrogen in it, which could be a drawback. 00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:47.000 So even if you just chewed it really, really well, it probably still wouldn't help in that aspect with it. 00:53:47.000 --> 00:53:57.000 Well, yeah, but a moderate amount of grapes, I don't think that amount of irritation is going to worry most people. 00:53:57.000 --> 00:53:58.000 Okay, well, thank you. 00:53:58.000 --> 00:54:00.000 Thank you, if you'll call. 00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:01.000 Okay. 00:54:01.000 --> 00:54:05.000 Okay, we do have -- we've got two or three more people, but we're definitely going to have time for one more. 00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:13.000 And depending on how quick the caller is, their question or their question is, then we might get to some more. 00:54:13.000 --> 00:54:15.000 But let's take the next caller. 00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:21.000 A very quick addendum to the last call is, does cooking deactivate the enzymes in tomato seeds? 00:54:21.000 --> 00:54:23.000 And then we'll get to our next caller. 00:54:23.000 --> 00:54:31.000 Yes, it deactivates the enzymes, but it doesn't destroy the allergens. 00:54:31.000 --> 00:54:32.000 Okay, next caller. 00:54:32.000 --> 00:54:34.000 You're on the air. 00:54:34.000 --> 00:54:35.000 Oh, hello. 00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:36.000 Hi. 00:54:36.000 --> 00:54:38.000 I'm Yvonne from McKinleyville. 00:54:38.000 --> 00:54:39.000 Okay, thank you for calling. 00:54:39.000 --> 00:54:44.000 And I wanted -- one of my questions was already answered regarding his position on sugar, so we can skip that one. 00:54:44.000 --> 00:54:45.000 Okay. 00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:50.000 And I wondered what his position on salt and fats is. 00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:51.000 Dr. Peat. 00:54:51.000 --> 00:54:52.000 Each one. 00:54:52.000 --> 00:54:53.000 Salt and fats? 00:54:53.000 --> 00:54:54.000 Salt and fats. 00:54:54.000 --> 00:54:55.000 What kind of fat? 00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:56.000 Salt. 00:54:56.000 --> 00:55:00.000 Yeah, what kind of fat were you asking about? 00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:07.000 At the beginning of the program, you said something about his positions on sugar, salt, and fats. 00:55:07.000 --> 00:55:08.000 Okay, so -- 00:55:08.000 --> 00:55:09.000 I can't remember what you said about fats. 00:55:09.000 --> 00:55:12.000 We were talking in relation to saturated and polyunsaturated. 00:55:12.000 --> 00:55:16.000 Dr. Peat is very much a pro-advocate of saturated fats. 00:55:16.000 --> 00:55:17.000 Okay. 00:55:17.000 --> 00:55:22.000 And he's very much behind using salt and getting adequate salt in your diet as a -- 00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:24.000 And does he talk about what kind of salt? 00:55:24.000 --> 00:55:26.000 Well, I know, Dr. Peat, you want to answer? 00:55:26.000 --> 00:55:31.000 Yes, clean white salt, like sea salt without additives is good. 00:55:31.000 --> 00:55:32.000 Yeah, okay. 00:55:32.000 --> 00:55:33.000 All right. 00:55:33.000 --> 00:55:36.000 That's the end of me, so maybe somebody else can have a turn. 00:55:36.000 --> 00:55:37.000 All right. 00:55:37.000 --> 00:55:38.000 Thank you for your call. 00:55:38.000 --> 00:55:39.000 Thank you. 00:55:39.000 --> 00:55:42.000 We do have one more caller, and if the caller wants to keep it short, we should be able to squeeze you in. 00:55:42.000 --> 00:55:43.000 Go ahead. 00:55:43.000 --> 00:55:47.000 Hi, I'm calling from Will Gulch, far west of -- 00:55:47.000 --> 00:55:49.000 Okay, thank you. 00:55:49.000 --> 00:55:55.000 I have a question, but I also want to say to the other callers that what's been recognized about Alzheimer's 00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:58.000 is that it can come with iron deposits in the brain, 00:55:58.000 --> 00:56:05.000 and this traditional herb from India, turmeric, has been recognized as being able to chelate that iron. 00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:10.000 Like you have curcuminoid receptors throughout your body, curcumin, the active chemical component of turmeric, 00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:13.000 so you can consume turmeric to help with Alzheimer's. 00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:18.000 It will help remove the excess iron deposits, and above that, it also helps rebuild the collagen 00:56:18.000 --> 00:56:23.000 and removes the other deposits from your joints, too, so it helps with arthritis. 00:56:23.000 --> 00:56:28.000 And as for the toe fungus, neem is the traditional medicine to use. 00:56:28.000 --> 00:56:30.000 Neem oil you can use topically. 00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:32.000 Neem you can take internally. 00:56:32.000 --> 00:56:39.000 Also, potentially activated charcoal, because it's likely that a dude has, like, a bacterial problem in his body, 00:56:39.000 --> 00:56:46.000 and you could consume the activated charcoal, but you can use the neem oil directly on the fungus also. 00:56:46.000 --> 00:56:50.000 And to facilitate the liver, you can consume dandelion root. 00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:53.000 It's an excellent liver tonic. 00:56:53.000 --> 00:56:56.000 Dr. Peat, what do you think about the iron deposits? 00:56:56.000 --> 00:57:02.000 I know you've always mentioned iron in a very dangerous reactive element. 00:57:02.000 --> 00:57:11.000 Yeah, that fits right into what we've been talking about, the stress hormones that lead to Alzheimer's disease. 00:57:11.000 --> 00:57:17.000 Iron is sort of the end point of all of these changes. 00:57:17.000 --> 00:57:25.000 Nitric oxide and prostaglandins activate enzymes which release and deposit iron in the brain, 00:57:25.000 --> 00:57:31.000 where it then continues amplifying the destructive reactions. 00:57:31.000 --> 00:57:33.000 I love the functionality of it. 00:57:33.000 --> 00:57:36.000 Okay, I'm afraid it is almost 8 o'clock. 00:57:36.000 --> 00:57:44.000 So I want to make sure that I give out Dr. Peat's contact details for people who want to find out more about him. 00:57:44.000 --> 00:57:48.000 And we'll just spend this last couple of minutes thanking Dr. Peat for his time. 00:57:48.000 --> 00:57:50.000 Thank you so much for joining us, Dr. Peat. 00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:51.000 Okay, thank you. 00:57:51.000 --> 00:57:52.000 Thank you. 00:57:52.000 --> 00:58:01.000 So, okay, the web address of Dr. Peat is www.raypeat.com. 00:58:01.000 --> 00:58:09.000 He has lots of articles that he's published and all fully referenced scientific journal articles, if you like. 00:58:09.000 --> 00:58:10.000 So go to his website. 00:58:10.000 --> 00:58:14.000 He's got a big resource there for information, not just on tonight's topic, 00:58:14.000 --> 00:58:20.000 but lots of information on thyroid, hormones, good fats versus bad fats, salt, sugar, etc. 00:58:20.000 --> 00:58:24.000 So until the third Friday of next month, my name is Andrew Murray. 00:58:24.000 --> 00:58:31.000 We can be contacted on 1-888-WBM-HERB for any questions Monday through Friday. 00:58:31.000 --> 00:58:36.000 Next month will be in September, folks, and heading towards the fall. 00:58:36.000 --> 00:58:38.000 I hope the weather is going to be good where you are. 00:58:38.000 --> 00:58:40.000 Okay, until next month. 00:58:40.000 --> 00:58:49.000 [Music] 00:58:49.000 --> 00:58:53.000 Support for KMUD comes in part from Golden Dragon Medicinal Syrup, 00:58:53.000 --> 00:58:55.000 an herbal elixir made without heat or ice. 00:58:55.000 --> 00:59:00.000 Golden Dragon Medicinal Syrup is edible, topical, cosmetic, and water-soluble. 00:59:00.000 --> 00:59:06.000 Information is available at goldendragonmedicinalsyrup@gmail.com. 00:59:06.000 --> 00:59:16.000 This is Redwood Community Radio, KMUD Garberville, KMUE Eureka Arcana, KLAI Laytonville, K258BQ Shelter Cove, 00:59:16.000 --> 00:59:19.000 and on the web at kmud.org. 00:59:19.000 --> 00:59:23.000 It is 759, 81 degrees outside our Redway studios. 00:59:23.000 --> 00:59:25.000 We have a special treat. 00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:31.000 Little Rock is sitting in, but you will get just as thunked up as you normally do. 00:59:31.000 --> 00:59:33.000 So enjoy. 00:59:33.000 --> 01:00:02.000 [Music] 01:00:03.000 --> 01:00:10.000 [Music] 01:00:10.000 --> 01:00:16.000 Please remember that this program is supported by the listener members of Redwood Community Radio. 01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:22.000 If you like what you hear, please consider becoming a member of KMUD or renewing if you've already joined. 01:00:22.000 --> 01:00:27.000 A regular yearly membership is $50, but we accept any amount. 01:00:27.000 --> 01:00:30.000 Help us keep free speech alive.