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   "source": [
    "# SAISOFT PYT-PR:  Session 10\n",
    "\n",
    "### What Have We Learned?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "lessons = {\n",
    "    \"1\": \"Python is part of a bigger ecosystem (example: Jupyter Notebooks).\",\n",
    "    \"2\": \"Batteries Included refers to the well-stocked standard library.\",\n",
    "    \"3\": \"Built-ins inside __builtins__ include the basic types such as...\",\n",
    "    \"4\": \"__ribs__ == special names == magic methods (but not all are methods).\",\n",
    "    \"5\": \"3rd Party Python is where a lot of the action is!\",\n",
    "    \"6\": \"'Python fits your brain' means it gets out of your way once you learn it.\"\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "important_types = [{'Numeric': [\"int\", \"float\", \"Decimal\", \"Fraction\", \"complex\"],\n",
    "                    'Collections': [{\"Sequences\": [\"list\", \"range\", \"tuple\"],\n",
    "                                      \"Mappings\": ['dict', 'set']}],\n",
    "                    'Descriptors': ['property']}, \n",
    "                   {'Other types': ['function', 'class', 'generator']}]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.: Python is part of a bigger ecosystem (example: Jupyter Notebooks).\n",
      "2.: Batteries Included refers to the well-stocked standard library.\n",
      "3.: Built-ins inside __builtins__ include the basic types such as...\n",
      "\n",
      "int\n",
      "float\n",
      "Decimal\n",
      "Fraction\n",
      "complex\n",
      "list\n",
      "range\n",
      "tuple\n",
      "dict\n",
      "set\n",
      "\n",
      "4.: __ribs__ == special names == magic methods (but not all are methods).\n",
      "5.: 3rd Party Python is where a lot of the action is!\n",
      "6.: 'Python fits your brain' means it gets out of your way once you learn it.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for key, value in lessons.items():  # dict method to return all key:value pairs\n",
    "    print(\"{}.: {}\".format(key, value), file=None) # this could be HTML to a file\n",
    "    if key == \"3\":\n",
    "        print()\n",
    "        for the_type in important_types[0]['Numeric']:\n",
    "            print(the_type)\n",
    "        for the_type in important_types[0]['Collections'][0]['Sequences']:\n",
    "            print(the_type)  \n",
    "        for the_type in important_types[0]['Collections'][0]['Mappings']:\n",
    "            print(the_type)\n",
    "        print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Continue to \"doodle and daydream\" as you find the time.  Think of ways to describe your day as a Python program.  Remember the story of *The Car that Would Not Start*.\n",
    "\n",
    "Run this a few times to see the different possible workflows."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Oops, need to charge battery\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import random\n",
    "class BatteryDead(Exception):\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "class IgnitionKeyBroken(Exception):\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "class Car:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def start(self):\n",
    "        as_luck_would_have_it = random.randint(0,10)\n",
    "        if as_luck_would_have_it == 10:\n",
    "            raise BatteryDead\n",
    "        elif as_luck_would_have_it == 0:\n",
    "            raise IgnitionKeyBroken\n",
    "        print(\"Car starts!\")\n",
    "\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    # might not work\n",
    "    my_car = Car()\n",
    "    my_car.start()\n",
    "except BatteryDead:\n",
    "    print(\"Oops, need to charge battery\")\n",
    "except IgnitionKeyBroken:\n",
    "    print(\"Oops, your key just snapped\") "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We also learned about [decorator syntax](https://github.com/4dsolutions/Python5/blob/master/Abducted!.ipynb).  Using a decorator, we're able to use a callable as an input to an object that provides a proxy output, likewise callable by the same name."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from functools import wraps\n",
    "\n",
    "def decorator(f):\n",
    "    @wraps(f)\n",
    "    def proxy(x):\n",
    "        # proxy\n",
    "        print(\"Look at me!\")\n",
    "        return f(x)\n",
    "    return proxy\n",
    "\n",
    "@decorator\n",
    "def Sqr(x):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Square Dancer\"\"\"\n",
    "    return x * x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Look at me!\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "Sqr(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "@wraps forwards the ```__doctstring__``` and ```__name__``` of the incoming f argument to the proxy being wrapped.\n",
    "\n",
    "### LAB:\n",
    "\n",
    "Try commenting out the line with @wraps on it and checking the ```__doctstring__``` and ```__name__``` of Sqr again.\n",
    "\n",
    "   * Comment out @wraps\n",
    "   * re-run the cell containing the two function definitions\n",
    "   * re-run the cell below, and not changes\n",
    "   * change it back"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Help on function Sqr in module __main__:\n",
      "\n",
      "Sqr(x)\n",
      "    Square Dancer\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "help(Sqr)"
   ]
  }
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