GPAI Training Transparency
A Quality Assessment of Public Summaries published under AI Act Article 53(1)(d)
The AI Act's Article 53(1)(d) requires General-Purpose AI (GPAI) model providers to "make publicly available a sufficiently detailed summary about the content used for training ... according to a template provided by the AI Office". We evaluate the quality for this documentation across two aspects: Transparency and Usefulness and assign a score using our developed methodology. To assist GPAI Providers, the AI Office, and stakeholders, we also work on providing Recommendations.
Cite as: Blankvoort, D. A. H., Pandit, H. J., & Gahntz, M. (2026). Quality Assessment of Public Summary of Training Content for GPAI models required by AI Act Article 53(1)(d) (preprint). Zenodo. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.18803975
Evaluated Public Summaries
Below is an overview of the evaluation with each model assigned a grade. A+ is the highest grade and F the lowest, with N/A shown for missing summaries. Click the model name to go to the detailed evaluation page which has more information, a link to the summary, and our evaluation notes. You can also see a detailed overview of scores for each section of the public summary.
| Model | Provider | Transparency | Usefulness |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apertus Swiss AI Initiative | Swiss AI Initiative | A | A+ |
| Bria 3.2 Bria AI | Bria AI | B+ | A |
| SmolLM3-3B HuggingFace | HuggingFace | B+ | B+ |
| Bielik v3 11B Instruct SpeakLeash | SpeakLeash | B+ | C+ |
| Phi-4 Microsoft | Microsoft | D | F |
| Claude Sonnet 4.5 Anthropic | Anthropic | N/A | N/A |
| Gemini 2.5 Flash Image Google DeepMind | Google DeepMind | N/A | N/A |
| GPT-5 OpenAI | OpenAI | N/A | N/A |
| GPT-OSS OpenAI | OpenAI | N/A | N/A |
| Sora 2 OpenAI | OpenAI | N/A | N/A |