{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Examples and Exercises from Think Stats, 2nd Edition\n", "\n", "http://thinkstats2.com\n", "\n", "Copyright 2016 Allen B. Downey\n", "\n", "MIT License: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "from __future__ import print_function, division\n", "\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "\n", "import numpy as np\n", "\n", "import nsfg\n", "import first\n", "import thinkstats2\n", "import thinkplot" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Examples\n", "\n", "One more time, I'll load the data from the NSFG." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 2, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "live, firsts, others = first.MakeFrames()" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "And compute the distribution of birth weight for first babies and others." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 3, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Firsts 4413 4363\n", "Others 4735 4675\n" ] } ], "source": [ "first_wgt = firsts.totalwgt_lb\n", "first_wgt_dropna = first_wgt.dropna()\n", "print('Firsts', len(first_wgt), len(first_wgt_dropna))\n", " \n", "other_wgt = others.totalwgt_lb\n", "other_wgt_dropna = other_wgt.dropna()\n", "print('Others', len(other_wgt), len(other_wgt_dropna))\n", "\n", "first_pmf = thinkstats2.Pmf(first_wgt_dropna, label='first')\n", "other_pmf = thinkstats2.Pmf(other_wgt_dropna, label='other')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We can plot the PMFs on the same scale, but it is hard to see if there is a difference." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 4, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": "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\n", "text/plain": [ "
" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "width = 0.4 / 16\n", "\n", "# plot PMFs of birth weights for first babies and others\n", "thinkplot.PrePlot(2)\n", "thinkplot.Hist(first_pmf, align='right', width=width)\n", "thinkplot.Hist(other_pmf, align='left', width=width)\n", "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Weight (pounds)', ylabel='PMF')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "`PercentileRank` computes the fraction of `scores` less than or equal to `your_score`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 5, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def PercentileRank(scores, your_score):\n", " count = 0\n", " for score in scores:\n", " if score <= your_score:\n", " count += 1\n", "\n", " percentile_rank = 100.0 * count / len(scores)\n", " return percentile_rank" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "If this is the list of scores." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 6, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "t = [55, 66, 77, 88, 99]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "And you got the 88, your percentile rank is 80." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "80.0" ] }, "execution_count": 7, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "PercentileRank(t, 88)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "`Percentile` takes a percentile rank and computes the corresponding percentile. " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 8, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def Percentile(scores, percentile_rank):\n", " scores.sort()\n", " for score in scores:\n", " if PercentileRank(scores, score) >= percentile_rank:\n", " return score" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The median is the 50th percentile, which is 77." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "77" ] }, "execution_count": 9, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "Percentile(t, 50)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Here's a more efficient way to compute percentiles." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 10, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def Percentile2(scores, percentile_rank):\n", " scores.sort()\n", " index = percentile_rank * (len(scores)-1) // 100\n", " return scores[index]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Let's hope we get the same answer." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "77" ] }, "execution_count": 11, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "Percentile2(t, 50)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) is almost the same as `PercentileRank`. The only difference is that the result is 0-1 instead of 0-100." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 12, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def EvalCdf(sample, x):\n", " count = 0.0\n", " for value in sample:\n", " if value <= x:\n", " count += 1\n", "\n", " prob = count / len(sample)\n", " return prob" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "In this list" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 13, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "t = [1, 2, 2, 3, 5]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We can evaluate the CDF for various values:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(0.0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0)" ] }, "execution_count": 14, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "EvalCdf(t, 0), EvalCdf(t, 1), EvalCdf(t, 2), EvalCdf(t, 3), EvalCdf(t, 4), EvalCdf(t, 5)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Here's an example using real data, the distribution of pregnancy length for live births." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 15, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": "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\n", "text/plain": [ "
" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "cdf = thinkstats2.Cdf(live.prglngth, label='prglngth')\n", "thinkplot.Cdf(cdf)\n", "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Pregnancy length (weeks)', ylabel='CDF', loc='upper left')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "`Cdf` provides `Prob`, which evaluates the CDF; that is, it computes the fraction of values less than or equal to the given value. For example, 94% of pregnancy lengths are less than or equal to 41." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "0.9406427634455619" ] }, "execution_count": 16, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "cdf.Prob(41)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "source": [ "`Value` evaluates the inverse CDF; given a fraction, it computes the corresponding value. For example, the median is the value that corresponds to 0.5." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "39" ] }, "execution_count": 17, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "cdf.Value(0.5)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "In general, CDFs are a good way to visualize distributions. They are not as noisy as PMFs, and if you plot several CDFs on the same axes, any differences between them are apparent." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 18, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": "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\n", "text/plain": [ "
" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "first_cdf = thinkstats2.Cdf(firsts.totalwgt_lb, label='first')\n", "other_cdf = thinkstats2.Cdf(others.totalwgt_lb, label='other')\n", "\n", "thinkplot.PrePlot(2)\n", "thinkplot.Cdfs([first_cdf, other_cdf])\n", "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Weight (pounds)', ylabel='CDF')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "In this example, we can see that first babies are slightly, but consistently, lighter than others.\n", "\n", "We can use the CDF of birth weight to compute percentile-based statistics." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 19, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "weights = live.totalwgt_lb\n", "live_cdf = thinkstats2.Cdf(weights, label='live')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Again, the median is the 50th percentile." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "7.375" ] }, "execution_count": 20, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "median = live_cdf.Percentile(50)\n", "median" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The interquartile range is the interval from the 25th to 75th percentile." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(6.5, 8.125)" ] }, "execution_count": 21, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "iqr = (live_cdf.Percentile(25), live_cdf.Percentile(75))\n", "iqr" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "We can use the CDF to look up the percentile rank of a particular value. For example, my second daughter was 10.2 pounds at birth, which is near the 99th percentile." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "98.82717415357381" ] }, "execution_count": 22, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "live_cdf.PercentileRank(10.2)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "If we draw a random sample from the observed weights and map each weigh to its percentile rank." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 23, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "sample = np.random.choice(weights, 100, replace=True)\n", "ranks = [live_cdf.PercentileRank(x) for x in sample]" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The resulting list of ranks should be approximately uniform from 0-1." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 24, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": "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\n", "text/plain": [ "
" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "rank_cdf = thinkstats2.Cdf(ranks)\n", "thinkplot.Cdf(rank_cdf)\n", "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Percentile rank', ylabel='CDF')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "That observation is the basis of `Cdf.Sample`, which generates a random sample from a Cdf. Here's an example." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 25, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { "image/png": "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\n", "text/plain": [ "
" ] }, "metadata": { "needs_background": "light" }, "output_type": "display_data" } ], "source": [ "resample = live_cdf.Sample(1000)\n", "thinkplot.Cdf(live_cdf)\n", "thinkplot.Cdf(thinkstats2.Cdf(resample, label='resample'))\n", "thinkplot.Config(xlabel='Birth weight (pounds)', ylabel='CDF')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "This confirms that the random sample has the same distribution as the original data." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "source": [ "## Exercises" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "source": [ "**Exercise:** How much did you weigh at birth? If you don’t know, call your mother or someone else who knows. Using the NSFG data (all live births), compute the distribution of birth weights and use it to find your percentile rank. If you were a first baby, find your percentile rank in the distribution for first babies. Otherwise use the distribution for others. If you are in the 90th percentile or higher, call your mother back and apologize." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 26, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Solution goes here" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 27, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Solution goes here" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "source": [ "**Exercise:** The numbers generated by `numpy.random.random` are supposed to be uniform between 0 and 1; that is, every value in the range should have the same probability.\n", "\n", "Generate 1000 numbers from `numpy.random.random` and plot their PMF. What goes wrong?\n", "\n", "Now plot the CDF. Is the distribution uniform?" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 28, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Solution goes here" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Solution goes here" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 30, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Solution goes here" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.6.7" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 1 }