--- name: meddev-samd-clinical-evaluation description: 'Guide Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) and software in devices for clinical evaluation expectations: intended use, SaMD category (IMDRF framework), evidence of analytical and clinical validity where applicable, and alignment with EU MDR Annex XIV clinical evaluation and FDA premarket clinical/benefit-risk expectations for software-driven diagnostics and monitoring. Use when working on samd clinical evaluation in medical device software.' license: MIT metadata: skill_id: REG-SAMD-CLIN version: 1.0.0 last_updated: '2026-03-20' applies_to: Class A, Class B, Class C jurisdiction: FDA, EU MDR, IMDRF prerequisites: REG-ISO14971 category: regulatory --- # SaMD, Intended Use, and Clinical Evaluation ## Purpose Guide **Software as a Medical Device (SaMD)** and **software in devices** for **clinical evaluation** expectations: intended use, SaMD category (IMDRF framework), evidence of **analytical and clinical validity** where applicable, and alignment with **EU MDR Annex XIV** clinical evaluation and **FDA** premarket clinical/benefit-risk expectations for software-driven diagnostics and monitoring. ## When to Apply - Standalone SaMD (no hardware) or software that drives clinical decisions. - Changes to **intended medical purpose**, indications, or output claims. - Preparing CER (EU) or clinical sections of **510(k)/De Novo/PMA** (US). - Mapping SaMD **normalization of risk** (IMDRF) to ISO 14971. ## Requirements (testable) 1. Intended Use: Document **who, what, when, where, why** for the software function; freeze claims that drive classification and evidence. Rationale: drives regulatory pathway and clinical scope. 2. SaMD Category (IMDRF): Assign category per **SaMD: Possible Framework for Risk Categorization and Considerations** (N41) using **state of healthcare situation/condition** and **significance of information** provided; document rationale. Rationale: proportionate evidence. 3. Analytical Validation: For software processing inputs (signals, images, labs), define **analytical performance** (accuracy, precision, robustness) vs. **predetermined** acceptance criteria. Rationale: valid input-to-output mapping. 4. Clinical Validation: Define **clinical association** and, where applicable, **clinical validation** per state-of-the-art (e.g., concordance with reference, outcomes); tie to risk controls and labeling. Rationale: supports safety and performance claims. 5. EU Clinical Evaluation: Maintain **clinical evaluation** per **MDR Annex XIV** and relevant **MDCG** guidance; update with PMS data; link software changes to CER revision triggers. Rationale: MDR conformity. 6. US Premarket Clinical Evidence: Align with FDA expectations for the device type (e.g., **510(k) clinical data** when needed, **De Novo** clinical/benefit-risk, **PMA** clinical trials); cross-reference software V&V with clinical study protocols when software is the intervention. Rationale: submission completeness. 7. PMCF / Post-Market: Define **PMCF** needs for SaMD when residual risks or uncertainties exist (EU); plan real-world performance monitoring where claims require ongoing evidence. Rationale: lifecycle closure. ## Recommended Practices - Maintain a **claim matrix**: each marketing claim → evidence source (bench, clinical study, literature). - Version **modeling assumptions** (population, prevalence) with software releases when outputs are prevalence-sensitive. ## Patterns Claim-to-evidence row (CSV excerpt): ``` CLAIM-ID,STATEMENT,EVIDENCE-REF,STATUS CL-01,"Detects atrial fibrillation in adults 18+",VAL-AFIB-2025-03,approved CL-02,"Suitable for emergency triage without clinician",,blocked_pending_CER ``` Intended use snippet (markdown): ```markdown ## Intended use - Population: adults 22–80 with diagnosed hypertension under clinician care - Function: trend BP and flag sustained elevations per rule-set RS-1.2 - Environment: home and outpatient; not for acute emergency diagnosis - Output: notifications to patient and summary to clinician portal ``` ## Anti-Patterns (risks) - **Indication creep** in marketing without CER/DHF update — risk: misbranding / NB major NC. - Conflating **verification** (software tests) with **clinical validation** — risk: insufficient clinical evidence for claims. - Ignoring **regulatory class change** when SaMD function changes (e.g., Rule 11) — risk: wrong conformity route. ## Verification Checklist - [ ] Intended use and indications match approved/declared scope. - [ ] IMDRF SaMD category (or equivalent rationale) documented. - [ ] Analytical/clinical validation plans and reports current for claimed performance. - [ ] EU CER / US clinical sections cross-reference software version and risk file. - [ ] PMCF/PMS triggers defined for residual clinical uncertainties. ## Traceability - IDs: `CL-CLAIM-###`, `CER-###`, `VAL-CLIN-###`; link to `REQ-*`, `RISK-*`, release tags. ## References - IMDRF/SaMD WG documents (e.g., SaMD categorization framework; key definitions). - EU MDR 2017/745 Annex XIV (clinical evaluation); MDCG clinical evaluation guidance (verify current revision). - FDA Guidance: “Content of Premarket Submissions for Device Software Functions” (2023). - FDA Guidance: “Clinical Decision Support Software” (2022) — scope and enforcement policy (verify applicability). ## Changelog - 1.0.0 (2026-03-20): Initial skill for SaMD intended use, IMDRF category, clinical evaluation linkage.