{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b646f738-c7ee-488d-85b7-07110911e466",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# **<p align=\"center\"><font size=5 color=#006600>Diplomado en Ciencia de Datos**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1d20e2c1-e091-4525-b49a-37d1f549319e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# **<p align=\"center\"><font size=5 color=#FF0033>Introducción a R**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ba199989-7b68-4d56-9854-360c062b34a9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Profesores**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a81ba6a3-e7ae-4ce3-858e-c7256b5a669a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* Álvaro  Montenegro, PhD, <ammontenegrod@unal.edu.co>\n",
    "* Campo Elías Pardo, PhD, <cepardot@unal.edu.co>\n",
    "* Daniel  Montenegro, Msc, <dextronomo@gmail.com>\n",
    "* Camilo José Torres Jiménez, Msc, <cjtorresj@unal.edu.co>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "330f2079-b3cb-428b-939c-0feb68f5acea",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## <span style=\"color:#4361EE\">Asesora Medios y Marketing digital</span>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4764e6ec-2eb8-4889-87cf-9bbbea0102dd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* Maria del Pilar Montenegro, pmontenegro88@gmail.com\n",
    "* Jessica López Mejía, jelopezme@unal.edu.co"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "cc4ccc25-95f2-4d40-948c-f1e1e9464d14",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## <span style=\"color:#4361EE\">Fuentes principales</span>\n",
    "\n",
    "* Manual de Introducción a R [An Introduction to R](https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-intro.html)\n",
    "* Cuadernos sobre programación en Python."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "69e2c005-076e-4eab-8324-5b59fdb1c724",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Estructuras de control**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2589c21f-c8ad-4a1b-aca5-f72b673e1d83",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "En la mayoría de lenguajes de programación, que soportan el paradigma imperativo, existen tres estructuras de control básicas:\n",
    "\n",
    "- Secuencia\n",
    "- Selección (o decisión)\n",
    "- Iteración (o repetición)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8845d78e-5f2a-426d-9359-e4b8cd9c62fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "##  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Secuencia**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3224ec62-7673-4905-9307-f3eef0944327",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "La ejecución del programa (algoritmo codificado en el lenguaje de programación) se realiza en orden de aparición de las sentencias. Una `sentencia` puede ser *simple* (solamente una instrucción) o *compuesta* (varias instrucciones que siguen un orden y que fueron agrupadas)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2c308529-9ca0-4497-aa40-c966848dbc22",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "###  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Ejemplo**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "3dfe3c68-345b-4f6e-8fc0-778a559e2b77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1 2"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 1\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "cat(x, y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "db698f49-cacf-4ff8-8528-6d16e1e47018",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "En el ejemplo hay tres sentencias. Dos sentencias de asignación de valores y una sentencia de impresión. Se ejecuta una después de la otra."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "84f6ca31-2208-4814-a3c9-92e945ea2417",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "###  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Estructura if**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "523a6d8a-ae1a-4e82-a298-2eff9e75082f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Si la instrucción lógica es verdadera *if* imprime la siguiente instrucción. \n",
    "Los comandos entre llaves se comportan como una instrucción. La indentación es\n",
    "voluntaria, se suele utilizar para facilitar la lectura del código."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5096dcc9-7051-4ccc-89c5-67b9cd47a73f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x es mayor que y\n",
      "Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x es mayor que y \n",
      "Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = 3\n",
    "if (x > y){\n",
    "    cat(\"x es mayor que y\\n\")\n",
    "    cat(\"Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x es mayor que y \\n\")\n",
    "}\n",
    "cat(\"Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\\n\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "80d8a6c4-274f-405e-9882-a1a2d1f7e3df",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Ahora observe el cambio:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "c2e1b358-c8cf-4838-89eb-e07ce9f6b72c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 3\n",
    "y = 5\n",
    "if (x > y){\n",
    "    cat(\"x es mayor que y\\n\")\n",
    "    cat(\"Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x es mayor que y \\n\")\n",
    "}\n",
    "cat(\"Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\\n\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8543a2ba-cf5c-41a9-ac7a-defa39960244",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Los comandos agrupados entre {} después del *if* no se ejecutan porque la sentencia \n",
    "lógica es falsa."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4cd43709-ae26-4117-a415-0ed07e75ee8e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "###  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Estructura if- else**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "136c8b17-2445-4280-8e3e-e8767cd5956d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Cuando hay dos alternativas de ejecución, dependiendo de la evaluación de una condición, se puede emplear la estructura **if-else**. Ahora observe el siguiente ejemplo.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "c6bb0136-fa44-4bb8-9423-01e315de50d9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1] \"La condición es falsa\"\n",
      "[1] \"Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x NO es mayor que y\"\n",
      "[1] \"Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\"\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 3; y = 5\n",
    "if (x > y) {\n",
    "    print(\"La condición es verdadera\")\n",
    "    print(\"Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x es mayor que y\")\n",
    "} else {\n",
    "    print('La condición es falsa')\n",
    "    print(\"Este texto se imprimirá únicamente si x NO es mayor que y\")\n",
    "}\n",
    "print(\"Este texto se imprimirá sin que ello dependa de si x es mayor que y\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "793f4933-f6d6-424b-9011-04a999c943b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lo que se agregó aquí fue un **else**. Este debe ir después de un **if** y se ejecuta cuando la condicion del **if** no se cumple, es decir cuando su valor lógico es: **FALSE**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b9083f47-3ae7-4f68-b892-7e82f53d70c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "####  **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Ejercicio**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "595cd84b-bb02-4260-9536-38d75a519716",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reemplaze Campo Elías por su nombre y ejecute el trozo de R. Analice el resultado."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "9ce4b2e0-ee1d-4110-93e6-6df8ce65ec77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Campo Elías ... es un nombre corto"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "N = \"Campo Elías\"\n",
    "if (length(N) > 10) A=\"es un nombre largo\" else A=\"es un nombre corto\"\n",
    "cat(N, A, sep=\" ... \")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4e47c572-d7a2-4f08-b426-41058d564774",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Estructuras de repetición (iteración, ciclos o bucles)**\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "47b0f5e9-4f55-4428-8bc6-e41845d35b2d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "####  **Ciclo while**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "188ce33a-d4f4-4396-8188-08a01b5fee61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "¡Empezando!\n",
      "0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   \n",
      "¡Hecho!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "contador = 0\n",
    "cat('¡Empezando!\\n')\n",
    "while (contador < 10) {\n",
    "    cat(contador, ' ', end = '')\n",
    "    contador = contador + 1\n",
    "}\n",
    "cat('\\n¡Hecho!\\n')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7e3b28f5-31c2-4197-a192-c60881d68979",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Ciclo for**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "f0be48eb-a4a6-4e99-b20e-6d7976cb5bf3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Inicio:\n",
      "1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   \n",
      "Hecho."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cat('\\nInicio:\\n')\n",
    "for (i in 1:20) cat(i, ' ', end='')\n",
    "cat('\\nHecho.')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7eccd4da-fdd5-491f-880b-a0d87054e2df",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **<p align=\"center\"><font size=5 color=#FF0033>Ejercicio**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dda71417-daba-40c2-bb08-315ebd7cb56b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Reescriba los dos ejemplos anteriores cambiado de `while` a `for` y viceversa, según el caso."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "86c8bd09-3b4b-4e84-a878-9f051b1c5344",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Sentencia break**\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "4a2a37db-fcd0-42c2-b30e-df074d9d9783",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "12345"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for (i in 1:10) {\n",
    "  cat(i)\n",
    "  if (i == 5) break\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "731cebcc-f438-420e-a1a7-2dd290e55613",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **<font size=5 color=#0000FF>Estructuras de control anidadas**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "dca61b2b-d787-4c7e-8edc-768a34d23605",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x = 5 y = 3\n",
      "Cinco es mayor que tres\n",
      "1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , \n",
      "x = 9.9 , y = 2"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = 3\n",
    "cat(\"x =\", x, \"y =\", y)\n",
    "if (x > y){ \n",
    "    cat(\"\\nCinco es mayor que tres\\n\")\n",
    "    for (i in 1:10) cat(i, end=\", \")\n",
    "    x = 9.9\n",
    "}\n",
    "y = 2\n",
    "cat(\"\\nx =\", x, \", y =\", y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e2e43253-8a3a-413d-955d-e9a7ce8e8447",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Ejemplo de las tablas de multiplicar**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "cb658881-087b-42a7-b583-b48e20bb621e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "Algunas Tablas de Multiplicar:\n",
      "\n",
      "Tabla del 6 \n",
      "6x1 = 6\n",
      "6x2 = 12\n",
      "6x3 = 18\n",
      "6x4 = 24\n",
      "6x5 = 30\n",
      "6x6 = 36\n",
      "6x7 = 42\n",
      "6x8 = 48\n",
      "6x9 = 54\n",
      "6x10 = 60\n",
      "\n",
      "Tabla del 7 \n",
      "7x1 = 7\n",
      "7x2 = 14\n",
      "7x3 = 21\n",
      "7x4 = 28\n",
      "7x5 = 35\n",
      "7x6 = 42\n",
      "7x7 = 49\n",
      "7x8 = 56\n",
      "7x9 = 63\n",
      "7x10 = 70\n",
      "\n",
      "Tabla del 8 \n",
      "8x1 = 8\n",
      "8x2 = 16\n",
      "8x3 = 24\n",
      "8x4 = 32\n",
      "8x5 = 40\n",
      "8x6 = 48\n",
      "8x7 = 56\n",
      "8x8 = 64\n",
      "8x9 = 72\n",
      "8x10 = 80\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cat(\"\\nAlgunas Tablas de Multiplicar:\\n\")\n",
    "for (i in 6:8) { # i va aumentado desde 1, luego va a 2,3,...\n",
    "    cat('\\nTabla del', i,'\\n')\n",
    "    for (j in 1:10) cat(i, \"x\", j, \" = \", i*j,\"\\n\", sep='')\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4d096e30-d67f-46b3-a42a-41cf817bdbe2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Ejemplo de una sucesión creciente de asteríscos**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "fe9b7f5f-6f09-46b0-9e4f-0774e052fdfb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "* \n",
      "* * \n",
      "* * * \n",
      "* * * * \n",
      "* * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * * * * * \n",
      "* * * * * * * * * * * \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Sucesión creciente de asteríscos\n",
    "num_lineas = 11\n",
    "for (i in 1:num_lineas) {            \n",
    "    for (j in 1:i) cat('*', end='')        \n",
    "    cat('\\n')   \n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1a43775c-a2a9-48f0-a26e-b68025701e3a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# <span style=\"color:#4361EE\">Funciones en R</span>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "16eb5261-4cea-4676-8c97-4f52196be032",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **<font size=5 color=#0000FF> Funciones predefinidas**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "677c6a3a-14ca-4e45-8913-66223ded9409",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Están en las librerías básicas de R es decir en las que se instalan en R y que que están disponibles en cualquier sesión de trabajo, por ejemplo *sin* y *round*, *cat*:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "7335f15f-3d71-4ed9-864f-f7152173db0b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "0"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "0"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "0"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 0"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "0.7071"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "0.7071"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
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      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 0.7071"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "angulo: 0 0.3927 0.7854 1.1781 1.5708 1.9635 2.3562 2.7489 3.1416\n",
      "seno: 0 0.3827 0.7071 0.9239 1 0.9239 0.7071 0.3827 0"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "round(sin(pi),4)\n",
    "round(sin(pi/4),4)\n",
    "# en un vector de más dimensiones\n",
    "angulo = seq(0,pi,pi/8)\n",
    "cat(\"\\nangulo:\", round(angulo,4))\n",
    "cat(\"\\nseno:\",round(sin(angulo),4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a5e74973-9e0a-4210-b8a6-5ecb1f7bbaa7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Ejemplo función *rbind***"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "390f555a-18e7-40e2-bd88-1f5c9e4f9abd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "<caption>A matrix: 2 × 9 of type dbl</caption>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>angulo</th><td>0</td><td>0.3927</td><td>0.7854</td><td>1.1781</td><td>1.5708</td><td>1.9635</td><td>2.3562</td><td>2.7489</td><td>3.1416</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>seno</th><td>0</td><td>0.3827</td><td>0.7071</td><td>0.9239</td><td>1.0000</td><td>0.9239</td><td>0.7071</td><td>0.3827</td><td>0.0000</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A matrix: 2 × 9 of type dbl\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllll}\n",
       "\tangulo & 0 & 0.3927 & 0.7854 & 1.1781 & 1.5708 & 1.9635 & 2.3562 & 2.7489 & 3.1416\\\\\n",
       "\tseno & 0 & 0.3827 & 0.7071 & 0.9239 & 1.0000 & 0.9239 & 0.7071 & 0.3827 & 0.0000\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A matrix: 2 × 9 of type dbl\n",
       "\n",
       "| angulo | 0 | 0.3927 | 0.7854 | 1.1781 | 1.5708 | 1.9635 | 2.3562 | 2.7489 | 3.1416 |\n",
       "| seno | 0 | 0.3827 | 0.7071 | 0.9239 | 1.0000 | 0.9239 | 0.7071 | 0.3827 | 0.0000 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       [,1] [,2]   [,3]   [,4]   [,5]   [,6]   [,7]   [,8]   [,9]  \n",
       "angulo 0    0.3927 0.7854 1.1781 1.5708 1.9635 2.3562 2.7489 3.1416\n",
       "seno   0    0.3827 0.7071 0.9239 1.0000 0.9239 0.7071 0.3827 0.0000"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rbind(angulo=round(angulo,4),seno=round(sin(angulo),4))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "25416639-7c74-4def-a191-2222866c8ebf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## **<font size=5 color=#0000FF> Creación de funciones en R**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bb71c899-c93a-4806-9900-6a0bc989246a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Ejemplo función suma:**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "cd68d14a-1150-4dfe-a0ea-29a6f39c6885",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "suma = function(x,y){\n",
    "    s = x + y\n",
    "    return(s)\n",
    "    }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c0fc9502-f0c9-4556-a65a-2414002a1da1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Utilizándolo para sumar 3 y 5:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "1fc4f0b0-46f1-4ead-932b-200a11acab17",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "8"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "8"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "8"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "[1] 8"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "suma(3,5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d50b062c-cb8f-4d47-9c83-f8aef831dbd7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### **Una función que regresa dos valores**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "602a6f68-12ea-4ef6-b99d-eb3738ee56cc",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mysum_prod = function(x,y){\n",
    "    s = x + y\n",
    "    p = x * y\n",
    "    return(rbind(suma=s, producto=p))\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1cb5d88c-9dfc-4d24-ab8e-5a5462225abe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$3+5$ y $3\\times 5$"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "051ab74b-2bc7-44d6-9653-0117164bc62f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "<caption>A matrix: 2 × 1 of type dbl</caption>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>suma</th><td> 8</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><th scope=row>producto</th><td>15</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "A matrix: 2 × 1 of type dbl\n",
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|l}\n",
       "\tsuma &  8\\\\\n",
       "\tproducto & 15\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "A matrix: 2 × 1 of type dbl\n",
       "\n",
       "| suma |  8 |\n",
       "| producto | 15 |\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         [,1]\n",
       "suma      8  \n",
       "producto 15  "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mysum_prod(3,5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1061a49b-5820-4655-bfed-51a60abf9add",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### **Seguir practicando R**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b7fd4e32-69da-47cf-aa55-b052765c417a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "El menú de RStudio permite entrar directamente a la documentación para seguir avanzado y utilizando R. Además el menú grafico tiene los comandos más utilizados en R y RStudio.\n",
    "\n",
    "Se está utilizando mucho, por ejemplo, para producir informes seriados, por ejemplo diarios, cambiando el archivo de datos."
   ]
  }
 ],
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