id,firstname,surname,year,category,affiliation,city,country,born_date,died_date,gender,born_city,born_country,born_country_code,died_city,died_country,died_country_code,overall_motivation,share,motivation,born_country_original,born_city_original,died_country_original,died_city_original,city_original,country_original
1,Wilhelm Conrad,Röntgen,1901,Physics,Munich University,Munich,Germany,1845-03-27,1923-02-10,male,Remscheid,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him""",Prussia (now Germany),Lennep (now Remscheid),Germany,Munich,Munich,Germany
2,Hendrik A.,Lorentz,1902,Physics,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,1853-07-18,1928-02-04,male,Arnhem,Netherlands,NL,NA,Netherlands,NL,NA,2,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",the Netherlands,Arnhem,the Netherlands,NA,Leiden,the Netherlands
3,Pieter,Zeeman,1902,Physics,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,1865-05-25,1943-10-09,male,Zonnemaire,Netherlands,NL,Amsterdam,Netherlands,NL,NA,2,"""in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena""",the Netherlands,Zonnemaire,the Netherlands,Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
4,Henri,Becquerel,1903,Physics,École Polytechnique,Paris,France,1852-12-15,1908-08-25,male,Paris,France,FR,NA,France,FR,NA,2,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity""",France,Paris,France,NA,Paris,France
5,Pierre,Curie,1903,Physics,École municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry),Paris,France,1859-05-15,1906-04-19,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,4,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
6,Marie,Curie,1903,Physics,NA,NA,NA,1867-11-07,1934-07-04,female,Warsaw,Poland,PL,Sallanches,France,FR,NA,4,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel""",Russian Empire (now Poland),Warsaw,France,Sallanches,NA,NA
6,Marie,Curie,1911,Chemistry,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1867-11-07,1934-07-04,female,Warsaw,Poland,PL,Sallanches,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element""",Russian Empire (now Poland),Warsaw,France,Sallanches,Paris,France
8,Lord,Rayleigh,1904,Physics,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,1842-11-12,1919-06-30,male,Langford Grove Maldon Essex,United Kingdom,GB,NA,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies""",United Kingdom,Langford Grove Maldon Essex,United Kingdom,NA,London,United Kingdom
9,Philipp,Lenard,1905,Physics,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,1862-06-07,1947-05-20,male,Bratislava,Slovakia,SK,Messelhausen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his work on cathode rays""",Hungary (now Slovakia),Pressburg (now Bratislava),Germany,Messelhausen,Kiel,Germany
10,J.J.,Thomson,1906,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1856-12-18,1940-08-30,male,Cheetham Hill near Manchester,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases""",United Kingdom,Cheetham Hill near Manchester,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
11,Albert A.,Michelson,1907,Physics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1852-12-19,1931-05-09,male,Strzelno,Poland,PL,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid""",Prussia (now Poland),Strelno (now Strzelno),USA,Pasadena CA,Chicago IL,USA
12,Gabriel,Lippmann,1908,Physics,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1845-08-16,1921-07-13,male,Hollerich,Luxembourg,LU,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference""",Luxembourg,Hollerich,NA,NA,Paris,France
13,Guglielmo,Marconi,1909,Physics,Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. Ltd.,London,United Kingdom,1874-04-25,1937-07-20,male,Bologna,Italy,IT,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,2,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",Italy,Bologna,Italy,Rome,London,United Kingdom
14,Ferdinand,Braun,1909,Physics,Strasbourg University,Strasbourg,France,1850-06-06,1918-04-20,male,Fulda,Germany,DE,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy""",Hesse-Kassel (now Germany),Fulda,USA,Brooklyn NY,Strasbourg,Germany (now France)
15,Johannes Diderik,van der Waals,1910,Physics,Amsterdam University,Amsterdam,Netherlands,1837-11-23,1923-03-08,male,Leiden,Netherlands,NL,Amsterdam,Netherlands,NL,NA,1,"""for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids""",the Netherlands,Leiden,the Netherlands,Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
16,Wilhelm,Wien,1911,Physics,Würzburg University,Würzburg,Germany,1864-01-13,1928-08-30,male,Parusnoye,Russia,RU,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat""",Prussia (now Russia),Gaffken (now Parusnoye),Germany,Munich,Würzburg,Germany
17,Gustaf,Dalén,1912,Physics,Swedish Gas-Accumulator Co.,Lidingö Stockholm,Sweden,1869-11-30,1937-12-09,male,Stenstorp,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys""",Sweden,Stenstorp,Sweden,Stockholm,Lidingö Stockholm,Sweden
18,Heike,Kamerlingh Onnes,1913,Physics,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,1853-09-21,1926-02-21,male,Groningen,Netherlands,NL,Leiden,Netherlands,NL,NA,1,"""for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led inter alia to the production of liquid helium""",the Netherlands,Groningen,the Netherlands,Leiden,Leiden,the Netherlands
19,Max,von Laue,1914,Physics,Frankfurt-on-the-Main University,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,1879-10-09,1960-04-23,male,Pfaffendorf,Germany,DE,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals""",Germany,Pfaffendorf,West Germany (now Germany),Berlin,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany
20,William,Bragg,1915,Physics,University College,London,United Kingdom,1862-07-02,1942-03-12,male,Wigton,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",United Kingdom,Wigton,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
21,Lawrence,Bragg,1915,Physics,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,1890-03-31,1971-07-01,male,Adelaide,Australia,AU,Ipswich,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays""",Australia,Adelaide,United Kingdom,Ipswich,Manchester,United Kingdom
22,Charles Glover,Barkla,1917,Physics,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,1877-06-07,1944-10-23,male,Widnes,United Kingdom,GB,Edinburgh,Scotland,GB,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements""",United Kingdom,Widnes,Scotland,Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
23,Max,Planck,1918,Physics,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1858-04-23,1947-10-04,male,Kiel,Germany,DE,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta""",Schleswig (now Germany),Kiel,West Germany (now Germany),Göttingen,Berlin,Germany
24,Johannes,Stark,1919,Physics,Greifswald University,Greifswald,Germany,1874-04-15,1957-06-21,male,Schickenhof,Germany,DE,Traunstein,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields""",Germany,Schickenhof,West Germany (now Germany),Traunstein,Greifswald,Germany
25,Charles Edouard,Guillaume,1920,Physics,Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures),Sèvres,France,1861-02-15,1938-06-13,male,Fleurier,Switzerland,CH,Sèvres,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys""",Switzerland,Fleurier,France,Sèvres,Sèvres,France
26,Albert,Einstein,1921,Physics,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Physik,Berlin,Germany,1879-03-14,1955-04-18,male,Ulm,Germany,DE,Princeton NJ,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his services to Theoretical Physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect""",Germany,Ulm,USA,Princeton NJ,Berlin,Germany
27,Niels,Bohr,1922,Physics,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,1885-10-07,1962-11-18,male,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,1,"""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them""",Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
28,Robert A.,Millikan,1923,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1868-03-22,1953-12-19,male,Morrison IL,USA,US,San Marino CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect""",USA,Morrison IL,USA,San Marino CA,Pasadena CA,USA
29,Manne,Siegbahn,1924,Physics,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,1886-12-03,1978-09-26,male,Örebro,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy""",Sweden,Örebro,Sweden,Stockholm,Uppsala,Sweden
30,James,Franck,1925,Physics,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,1882-08-26,1964-05-21,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",Germany,Hamburg,West Germany (now Germany),Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
31,Gustav,Hertz,1925,Physics,Halle University,Halle,Germany,1887-07-22,1975-10-30,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom""",Germany,Hamburg,East Germany (now Germany),Berlin,Halle,Germany
32,Jean Baptiste,Perrin,1926,Physics,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1870-09-30,1942-04-17,male,Lille,France,FR,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium""",France,Lille,USA,New York NY,Paris,France
33,Arthur H.,Compton,1927,Physics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1892-09-10,1962-03-15,male,Wooster OH,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the effect named after him""",USA,Wooster OH,USA,Berkeley CA,Chicago IL,USA
34,C.T.R.,Wilson,1927,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1869-02-14,1959-11-15,male,Glencorse,Scotland,GB,Carlops,Scotland,GB,NA,2,"""for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour""",Scotland,Glencorse,Scotland,Carlops,Cambridge,United Kingdom
35,Owen Willans,Richardson,1928,Physics,London University,London,United Kingdom,1879-04-26,1959-02-15,male,Dewsbury,United Kingdom,GB,Alton,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him""",United Kingdom,Dewsbury,United Kingdom,Alton,London,United Kingdom
36,Louis,de Broglie,1929,Physics,Sorbonne University Institut Henri Poincaré,Paris,France,1892-08-15,1987-03-19,male,Dieppe,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons""",France,Dieppe,France,Paris,Paris,France
37,Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata,Raman,1930,Physics,Calcutta University,Calcutta,India,1888-11-07,1970-11-21,male,Tiruchirappalli,India,IN,Bangalore,India,IN,NA,1,"""for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him""",India,Tiruchirappalli,India,Bangalore,Calcutta,India
38,Werner,Heisenberg,1932,Physics,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,1901-12-05,1976-02-01,male,Würzburg,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for the creation of quantum mechanics the application of which has inter alia led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen""",Germany,Würzburg,West Germany (now Germany),Munich,Leipzig,Germany
39,Erwin,Schrödinger,1933,Physics,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1887-08-12,1961-01-04,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,2,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",Austria,Vienna,Austria,Vienna,Berlin,Germany
40,Paul A.M.,Dirac,1933,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1902-08-08,1984-10-20,male,Bristol,United Kingdom,GB,Tallahassee FL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory""",United Kingdom,Bristol,USA,Tallahassee FL,Cambridge,United Kingdom
41,James,Chadwick,1935,Physics,Liverpool University,Liverpool,United Kingdom,1891-10-20,1974-07-24,male,Manchester,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the neutron""",United Kingdom,Manchester,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Liverpool,United Kingdom
42,Victor F.,Hess,1936,Physics,Innsbruck University,Innsbruck,Austria,1883-06-24,1964-12-17,male,Peggau,Austria,AT,Mount Verno NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of cosmic radiation""",Austria,Peggau,USA,Mount Verno NY,Innsbruck,Austria
43,Carl D.,Anderson,1936,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1905-09-03,1991-01-11,male,New York NY,USA,US,San Marino CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the positron""",USA,New York NY,USA,San Marino CA,Pasadena CA,USA
44,Clinton,Davisson,1937,Physics,Bell Telephone Laboratories,New York NY,USA,1881-10-22,1958-02-01,male,Bloomington IL,USA,US,Charlottesville VA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",USA,Bloomington IL,USA,Charlottesville VA,New York NY,USA
45,George Paget,Thomson,1937,Physics,London University,London,United Kingdom,1892-05-03,1975-09-10,male,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals""",United Kingdom,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Cambridge,London,United Kingdom
46,Enrico,Fermi,1938,Physics,Rome University,Rome,Italy,1901-09-29,1954-11-28,male,Rome,Italy,IT,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons""",Italy,Rome,USA,Chicago IL,Rome,Italy
47,Ernest,Lawrence,1939,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1901-08-08,1958-08-27,male,Canton SD,USA,US,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements""",USA,Canton SD,USA,Palo Alto CA,Berkeley CA,USA
48,Otto,Stern,1943,Physics,Carnegie Institute of Technology,Pittsburgh PA,USA,1888-02-17,1969-08-17,male,Zory,Poland,PL,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton""",Germany (now Poland),Sorau (now Zory),USA,Berkeley CA,Pittsburgh PA,USA
49,Isidor Isaac,Rabi,1944,Physics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1898-07-29,1988-01-11,male,Rymanow,Poland,PL,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei""",Austria-Hungary (now Poland),Rymanow,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
50,Wolfgang,Pauli,1945,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1900-04-25,1958-12-15,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle also called the Pauli Principle""",Austria,Vienna,Switzerland,Zurich,Princeton NJ,USA
51,Percy W.,Bridgman,1946,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1882-04-21,1961-08-20,male,Cambridge MA,USA,US,Randolph NH,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics""",USA,Cambridge MA,USA,Randolph NH,Cambridge MA,USA
52,Edward V.,Appleton,1947,Physics,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,London,United Kingdom,1892-09-06,1965-04-21,male,Bradford,United Kingdom,GB,Edinburgh,Scotland,GB,NA,1,"""for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer""",United Kingdom,Bradford,Scotland,Edinburgh,London,United Kingdom
53,Patrick M.S.,Blackett,1948,Physics,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,1897-11-18,1974-07-13,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,London,Manchester,United Kingdom
54,Hideki,Yukawa,1949,Physics,Kyoto Imperial University,Kyoto,Japan,1907-01-23,1981-09-08,male,Tokyo,Japan,JP,Kyoto,Japan,JP,NA,1,"""for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces""",Japan,Tokyo,Japan,Kyoto,Kyoto,Japan
55,Cecil,Powell,1950,Physics,Bristol University,Bristol,United Kingdom,1903-12-05,1969-08-09,male,Tonbridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method""",United Kingdom,Tonbridge,Italy,NA,Bristol,United Kingdom
56,John,Cockcroft,1951,Physics,Atomic Energy Research Establishment,Harwell Berkshire,United Kingdom,1897-05-27,1967-09-18,male,Todmorden,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",United Kingdom,Todmorden,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Harwell Berkshire,United Kingdom
57,Ernest T.S.,Walton,1951,Physics,Trinity College,Dublin,Ireland,1903-10-06,1995-06-25,male,Dungarvan,Ireland,IE,Belfast,Northern Ireland,GB,NA,2,"""for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles""",Ireland,Dungarvan,Northern Ireland,Belfast,Dublin,Ireland
58,Felix,Bloch,1952,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1905-10-23,1983-09-10,male,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",Switzerland,Zurich,Switzerland,Zurich,Stanford CA,USA
59,E. M.,Purcell,1952,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1912-08-30,1997-03-07,male,Taylorville IL,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith""",USA,Taylorville IL,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
60,Frits,Zernike,1953,Physics,Groningen University,Groningen,Netherlands,1888-07-16,1966-03-10,male,Amsterdam,Netherlands,NL,Groningen,Netherlands,NL,NA,1,"""for his demonstration of the phase contrast method especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope""",the Netherlands,Amsterdam,the Netherlands,Groningen,Groningen,the Netherlands
61,Max,Born,1954,Physics,Edinburgh University,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,1882-12-11,1970-01-05,male,Wroclaw,Poland,PL,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction""",Germany (now Poland),Breslau (now Wroclaw),West Germany (now Germany),Göttingen,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
62,Walther,Bothe,1954,Physics,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1891-01-08,1957-02-08,male,Oranienburg,Germany,DE,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith""",Germany,Oranienburg,West Germany (now Germany),Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
63,Willis E.,Lamb,1955,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1913-07-12,2008-05-15,male,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,Tucson AZ,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum""",USA,Los Angeles CA,USA,Tucson AZ,Stanford CA,USA
64,Polykarp,Kusch,1955,Physics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1911-01-26,1993-03-20,male,Blankenburg,Germany,DE,Dallas TX,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron""",Germany,Blankenburg,USA,Dallas TX,New York NY,USA
65,William B.,Shockley,1956,Physics,Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments Inc.,Mountain View CA,USA,1910-02-13,1989-08-12,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",United Kingdom,London,USA,Palo Alto CA,Mountain View CA,USA
66,John,Bardeen,1956,Physics,University of Illinois,Urbana IL,USA,1908-05-23,1991-01-30,male,Madison WI,USA,US,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",USA,Madison WI,USA,Boston MA,Urbana IL,USA
66,John,Bardeen,1972,Physics,University of Illinois,Urbana IL,USA,1908-05-23,1991-01-30,male,Madison WI,USA,US,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory""",USA,Madison WI,USA,Boston MA,Urbana IL,USA
67,Walter H.,Brattain,1956,Physics,Bell Telephone Laboratories,Murray Hill NJ,USA,1902-02-10,1987-10-13,male,Amoy,China,CN,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect""",China,Amoy,USA,Seattle WA,Murray Hill NJ,USA
68,Chen Ning,Yang,1957,Physics,Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton NJ,USA,1922-09-22,NA,male,Hofei Anhwei,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",China,Hofei Anhwei,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
69,Tsung-Dao,Lee,1957,Physics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1926-11-24,NA,male,Shanghai,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles""",China,Shanghai,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
70,Pavel A.,Cherenkov,1958,Physics,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,1904-07-28,1990-01-06,male,Novaya Chigla,Russia,RU,NA,Russia,RU,NA,3,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",Russia,Novaya Chigla,USSR (now Russia),NA,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
71,Igor Y.,Tamm,1958,Physics,University of Moscow,Moscow,Russia,1895-07-08,1971-04-12,male,Vladivostok,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,3,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",Russia,Vladivostok,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
72,Emilio,Segrè,1959,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1905-02-01,1989-04-22,male,Tivoli,Italy,IT,Lafayette CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",Italy,Tivoli,USA,Lafayette CA,Berkeley CA,USA
73,Owen,Chamberlain,1959,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1920-07-10,2006-02-28,male,San Francisco CA,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the antiproton""",USA,San Francisco CA,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
74,Donald A.,Glaser,1960,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1926-09-21,2013-02-28,male,Cleveland OH,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the invention of the bubble chamber""",USA,Cleveland OH,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
75,Robert,Hofstadter,1961,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1915-02-05,1990-11-17,male,New York NY,USA,US,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons""",USA,New York NY,USA,Stanford CA,Stanford CA,USA
76,Rudolf,Mössbauer,1961,Physics,Technical University,Munich,Germany,1929-01-31,2011-09-14,male,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name""",Germany,Munich,NA,NA,Munich,Germany
77,Lev,Landau,1962,Physics,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia,1908-01-22,1968-04-01,male,Baku,Azerbaijan,AZ,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""for his pioneering theories for condensed matter especially liquid helium""",Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan),Baku,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
78,Eugene,Wigner,1963,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1902-11-17,1995-01-01,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Princeton NJ,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles""",Austria-Hungary (now Hungary),Budapest,USA,Princeton NJ,Princeton NJ,USA
79,Maria,Goeppert Mayer,1963,Physics,University of California,San Diego CA,USA,1906-06-28,1972-02-20,female,Katowice,Poland,PL,San Diego CA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",Germany (now Poland),Kattowitz (now Katowice),USA,San Diego CA,San Diego CA,USA
80,J. Hans D.,Jensen,1963,Physics,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1907-06-25,1973-02-11,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure""",Germany,Hamburg,West Germany (now Germany),Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
81,Charles H.,Townes,1964,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1915-07-28,2015-01-27,male,Greenville SC,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",USA,Greenville SC,USA,Berkeley CA,Cambridge MA,USA
82,Nicolay G.,Basov,1964,Physics,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,1922-12-14,2001-07-01,male,Usman,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,4,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",USSR (now Russia),Usman,Russia,Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
83,Aleksandr M.,Prokhorov,1964,Physics,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,1916-07-11,2002-01-08,male,Atherton,Australia,AU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,4,"""for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle""",Australia,Atherton,Russia,Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
84,Sin-Itiro,Tomonaga,1965,Physics,Tokyo University of Education,Tokyo,Japan,1906-03-31,1979-07-08,male,Kyoto,Japan,JP,Tokyo,Japan,JP,NA,3,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",Japan,Kyoto,Japan,Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
85,Julian,Schwinger,1965,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1918-02-12,1994-07-16,male,New York NY,USA,US,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",USA,New York NY,USA,Los Angeles CA,Cambridge MA,USA
86,Richard P.,Feynman,1965,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1918-05-11,1988-02-15,male,New York NY,USA,US,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles""",USA,New York NY,USA,Los Angeles CA,Pasadena CA,USA
87,Alfred,Kastler,1966,Physics,École Normale Supérieure,Paris,France,1902-05-03,1984-01-07,male,Guebwiller,France,FR,Bandol,France,FR,NA,1,"""for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms""",Germany (now France),Guebwiller,France,Bandol,Paris,France
88,Hans,Bethe,1967,Physics,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1906-07-02,2005-03-06,male,Strasbourg,France,FR,Ithaca NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars""",Germany (now France),Strasbourg,USA,Ithaca NY,Ithaca NY,USA
89,Luis,Alvarez,1968,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1911-06-13,1988-09-01,male,San Francisco CA,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis""",USA,San Francisco CA,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
90,Murray,Gell-Mann,1969,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1929-09-15,2019-05-24,male,New York NY,USA,US,Santa Fe NM,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions""",USA,New York NY,USA,Santa Fe NM,Pasadena CA,USA
91,Hannes,Alfvén,1970,Physics,Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm,Sweden,1908-05-30,1995-04-02,male,Norrköping,Sweden,SE,Djursholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics""",Sweden,Norrköping,Sweden,Djursholm,Stockholm,Sweden
92,Louis,Néel,1970,Physics,University of Grenoble,Grenoble,France,1904-11-22,2000-11-17,male,Lyon,France,FR,Brive-Corrèze,France,FR,NA,2,"""for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics""",France,Lyon,France,Brive-Corrèze,Grenoble,France
93,Dennis,Gabor,1971,Physics,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,1900-06-05,1979-02-08,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his invention and development of the holographic method""",Hungary,Budapest,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
95,Leon N.,Cooper,1972,Physics,Brown University,Providence RI,USA,1930-02-28,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Providence RI,USA
96,Robert,Schrieffer,1972,Physics,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia PA,USA,1931-05-31,2019-07-27,male,Oak Park IL,USA,US,Tallahassee FL,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity usually called the BCS-theory""",USA,Oak Park IL,USA,Tallahassee FL,Philadelphia PA,USA
97,Leo,Esaki,1973,Physics,IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center,Yorktown Heights NY,USA,1925-03-12,NA,male,Osaka,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively""",Japan,Osaka,NA,NA,Yorktown Heights NY,USA
98,Ivar,Giaever,1973,Physics,General Electric Company,Schenectady NY,USA,1929-04-05,NA,male,Bergen,Norway,NO,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors respectively""",Norway,Bergen,NA,NA,Schenectady NY,USA
99,Brian D.,Josephson,1973,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1940-01-04,NA,male,Cardiff,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects""",United Kingdom,Cardiff,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
100,Martin,Ryle,1974,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1918-09-27,1984-10-14,male,Brighton,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",United Kingdom,Brighton,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
101,Antony,Hewish,1974,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1924-05-11,NA,male,Fowey,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions in particular of the aperture synthesis technique and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars""",United Kingdom,Fowey,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
102,Aage N.,Bohr,1975,Physics,Niels Bohr Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,1922-06-19,2009-09-08,male,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,3,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
103,Ben R.,Mottelson,1975,Physics,Nordita,Copenhagen,Denmark,1926-07-09,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Copenhagen,Denmark
104,James,Rainwater,1975,Physics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1917-12-09,1986-03-31,male,Council ID,USA,US,Yonkers NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection""",USA,Council ID,USA,Yonkers NY,New York NY,USA
105,Burton,Richter,1976,Physics,Stanford Linear Accelerator Center,Stanford CA,USA,1931-03-22,2018-07-18,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",USA,Brooklyn NY,USA,Stanford CA,Stanford CA,USA
106,Samuel C.C.,Ting,1976,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1936-01-27,NA,male,Ann Arbor MI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind""",USA,Ann Arbor MI,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
107,Philip W.,Anderson,1977,Physics,Bell Telephone Laboratories,Murray Hill NJ,USA,1923-12-13,NA,male,Indianapolis IN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",USA,Indianapolis IN,NA,NA,Murray Hill NJ,USA
108,Sir Nevill F.,Mott,1977,Physics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1905-09-30,1996-08-08,male,Leeds,United Kingdom,GB,Milton Keynes,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",United Kingdom,Leeds,United Kingdom,Milton Keynes,Cambridge,United Kingdom
109,John H.,van Vleck,1977,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1899-03-13,1980-10-27,male,Middletown CT,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems""",USA,Middletown CT,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
110,Pyotr,Kapitsa,1978,Physics,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia,1894-07-09,1984-04-08,male,Kronshtadt,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,2,"""for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics""",Russian Empire (now Russia),Kronshtadt,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
111,Arno,Penzias,1978,Physics,Bell Laboratories,Holmdel NJ,USA,1933-04-26,NA,male,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",Germany,Munich,NA,NA,Holmdel NJ,USA
112,Robert Woodrow,Wilson,1978,Physics,Bell Laboratories,Holmdel NJ,USA,1936-01-10,NA,male,Houston TX,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation""",USA,Houston TX,NA,NA,Holmdel NJ,USA
113,Sheldon,Glashow,1979,Physics,Harvard University Lyman Laboratory,Cambridge MA,USA,1932-12-05,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
114,Abdus,Salam,1979,Physics,International Centre for Theoretical Physics,Trieste,Italy,1926-01-29,1996-11-21,male,Jhang Maghiāna,Pakistan,PK,Oxford,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current""",India (now Pakistan),Jhang Maghiāna,United Kingdom,Oxford,Trieste,Italy
115,Steven,Weinberg,1979,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1933-05-03,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
116,James,Cronin,1980,Physics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1931-09-29,2016-08-25,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,St. Paul MN,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",USA,Chicago IL,USA,St. Paul MN,Chicago IL,USA
117,Val,Fitch,1980,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1923-03-10,2015-02-05,male,Merriman NE,USA,US,Princeton NJ,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons""",USA,Merriman NE,USA,Princeton NJ,Princeton NJ,USA
118,Nicolaas,Bloembergen,1981,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1920-03-11,2017-09-05,male,Dordrecht,Netherlands,NL,Tucson AZ,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",the Netherlands,Dordrecht,USA,Tucson AZ,Cambridge MA,USA
119,Arthur L.,Schawlow,1981,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1921-05-05,1999-04-28,male,Mount Verno NY,USA,US,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy""",USA,Mount Verno NY,USA,Palo Alto CA,Stanford CA,USA
120,Kai M.,Siegbahn,1981,Physics,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,1918-04-20,2007-07-20,male,Lund,Sweden,SE,Ängelholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy""",Sweden,Lund,Sweden,Ängelholm,Uppsala,Sweden
121,Kenneth G.,Wilson,1982,Physics,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1936-06-08,2013-06-15,male,Waltham MA,USA,US,Saco ME,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions""",USA,Waltham MA,USA,Saco ME,Ithaca NY,USA
122,Subramanyan,Chandrasekhar,1983,Physics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1910-10-19,1995-08-21,male,Lahore,Pakistan,PK,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars""",India (now Pakistan),Lahore,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
123,William A.,Fowler,1983,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1911-08-09,1995-03-14,male,Pittsburgh PA,USA,US,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe""",USA,Pittsburgh PA,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
124,Carlo,Rubbia,1984,Physics,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,1934-03-31,NA,male,Gorizia,Italy,IT,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction""",Italy,Gorizia,NA,NA,Geneva,Switzerland
125,Simon,van der Meer,1984,Physics,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,1925-11-24,2011-03-04,male,the Hague,Netherlands,NL,Geneva,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for their decisive contributions to the large project which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z communicators of weak interaction""",the Netherlands,the Hague,Switzerland,Geneva,Geneva,Switzerland
126,Klaus,von Klitzing,1985,Physics,Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,Stuttgart,Germany,1943-06-28,NA,male,Schroda,Poland,PL,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect""",German-occupied Poland (now Poland),Schroda,NA,NA,Stuttgart,Germany
127,Ernst,Ruska,1986,Physics,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Germany,1906-12-25,1988-05-27,male,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,West Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for his fundamental work in electron optics and for the design of the first electron microscope""",Germany,Heidelberg,Germany,West Berlin,Berlin,Germany
128,Gerd,Binnig,1986,Physics,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,1947-07-20,NA,male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",West Germany (now Germany),Frankfurt-on-the-Main,NA,NA,Rüschlikon,Switzerland
129,Heinrich,Rohrer,1986,Physics,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,1933-06-06,2013-05-16,male,Buchs,Switzerland,CH,Wollerau,Switzerland,CH,NA,4,"""for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope""",Switzerland,Buchs,Switzerland,Wollerau,Rüschlikon,Switzerland
130,J. Georg,Bednorz,1987,Physics,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,1950-05-16,NA,male,Neuenkirchen,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",West Germany (now Germany),Neuenkirchen,NA,NA,Rüschlikon,Switzerland
131,K. Alex,Müller,1987,Physics,IBM Zurich Research Laboratory,Rüschlikon,Switzerland,1927-04-20,NA,male,Basel,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials""",Switzerland,Basel,NA,NA,Rüschlikon,Switzerland
132,Leon M.,Lederman,1988,Physics,Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,Batavia IL,USA,1922-07-15,2018-10-03,male,New York NY,USA,US,Rexburg ID,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",USA,New York NY,USA,Rexburg ID,Batavia IL,USA
133,Melvin,Schwartz,1988,Physics,Digital Pathways Inc.,Mountain View CA,USA,1932-11-02,2006-08-28,male,New York NY,USA,US,Twin Falls ID,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",USA,New York NY,USA,Twin Falls ID,Mountain View CA,USA
134,Jack,Steinberger,1988,Physics,CERN,Geneva,Switzerland,1921-05-25,NA,male,Bad Kissingen,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino""",Germany,Bad Kissingen,NA,NA,Geneva,Switzerland
135,Norman F.,Ramsey,1989,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1915-08-27,2011-11-04,male,Washington DC,USA,US,Wayland MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks""",USA,Washington DC,USA,Wayland MA,Cambridge MA,USA
136,Hans G.,Dehmelt,1989,Physics,University of Washington,Seattle WA,USA,1922-09-09,2017-03-07,male,Görlitz,Germany,DE,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",Prussia (now Germany),Görlitz,USA,Seattle WA,Seattle WA,USA
137,Wolfgang,Paul,1989,Physics,University of Bonn,Bonn,Germany,1913-08-10,1993-12-07,male,Lorenzkirch,Germany,DE,Bonn,Germany,DE,NA,4,"""for the development of the ion trap technique""",Germany,Lorenzkirch,Germany,Bonn,Bonn,Germany
138,Jerome I.,Friedman,1990,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1930-03-28,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
139,Henry W.,Kendall,1990,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1926-12-09,1999-02-15,male,Boston MA,USA,US,Wakulla Springs State Park FL,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",USA,Boston MA,USA,Wakulla Springs State Park FL,Cambridge MA,USA
140,Richard E.,Taylor,1990,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1929-11-02,2018-02-22,male,Medicine Hat Alberta,Canada,CA,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics""",Canada,Medicine Hat Alberta,USA,Stanford CA,Stanford CA,USA
141,Pierre-Gilles,de Gennes,1991,Physics,Collège de France,Paris,France,1932-10-24,2007-05-18,male,Paris,France,FR,Orsay,France,FR,NA,1,"""for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter in particular to liquid crystals and polymers""",France,Paris,France,Orsay,Paris,France
142,Georges,Charpak,1992,Physics,École Supérieure de Physique et Chimie,Paris,France,1924-08-01,2010-09-29,male,Dabrovica,Poland,PL,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his invention and development of particle detectors in particular the multiwire proportional chamber""",Poland,Dabrovica,France,Paris,Paris,France
143,Russell A.,Hulse,1993,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1950-11-28,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
144,Joseph H.,Taylor Jr.,1993,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1941-03-29,NA,male,Philadelphia PA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of a new type of pulsar a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation""",USA,Philadelphia PA,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
145,Bertram N.,Brockhouse,1994,Physics,McMaster University,Hamilton Ontario,Canada,1918-07-15,2003-10-13,male,Lethbridge Alberta,Canada,CA,Hamilton Ontario,Canada,CA,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter""",2,"""for the development of neutron spectroscopy""",Canada,Lethbridge Alberta,Canada,Hamilton Ontario,Hamilton Ontario,Canada
146,Clifford G.,Shull,1994,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1915-09-23,2001-03-31,male,Pittsburgh PA,USA,US,Medford MA,USA,US,"""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter""",2,"""for the development of the neutron diffraction technique""",USA,Pittsburgh PA,USA,Medford MA,Cambridge MA,USA
147,Martin L.,Perl,1995,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1927-06-24,2014-09-30,male,New York NY,USA,US,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,"""for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics""",2,"""for the discovery of the tau lepton""",USA,New York NY,USA,Palo Alto CA,Stanford CA,USA
148,Frederick,Reines,1995,Physics,University of California,Irvine CA,USA,1918-03-16,1998-08-26,male,Paterson NJ,USA,US,Orange CA,USA,US,"""for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics""",2,"""for the detection of the neutrino""",USA,Paterson NJ,USA,Orange CA,Irvine CA,USA
149,David M.,Lee,1996,Physics,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1931-01-20,NA,male,Rye NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",USA,Rye NY,NA,NA,Ithaca NY,USA
150,Douglas D.,Osheroff,1996,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1945-08-01,NA,male,Aberdeen WA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",USA,Aberdeen WA,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
151,Robert C.,Richardson,1996,Physics,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1937-06-26,2013-02-19,male,Washington DC,USA,US,Ithaca NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3""",USA,Washington DC,USA,Ithaca NY,Ithaca NY,USA
152,Steven,Chu,1997,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1948-02-28,NA,male,St. Louis MO,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",USA,St. Louis MO,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
153,Claude,Cohen-Tannoudji,1997,Physics,Collège de France,Paris,France,1933-04-01,NA,male,Constantine,Algeria,DZ,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",French Algeria (now Algeria),Constantine,NA,NA,Paris,France
154,William D.,Phillips,1997,Physics,National Institute of Standards and Technology,Gaithersburg MD,USA,1948-11-05,NA,male,Wilkes-Barre PA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light""",USA,Wilkes-Barre PA,NA,NA,Gaithersburg MD,USA
155,Robert B.,Laughlin,1998,Physics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1950-11-01,NA,male,Visalia CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",USA,Visalia CA,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
156,Horst L.,Störmer,1998,Physics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1949-04-06,NA,male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",West Germany (now Germany),Frankfurt-on-the-Main,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
157,Daniel C.,Tsui,1998,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1939-02-28,NA,male,Henan,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations""",China,Henan,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
158,Gerardus,'t Hooft,1999,Physics,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,1946-07-05,NA,male,Den Helder,Netherlands,NL,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",the Netherlands,Den Helder,NA,NA,Utrecht,the Netherlands
159,Martinus J.G.,Veltman,1999,Physics,NA,NA,NA,1931-06-27,NA,male,Waalwijk,Netherlands,NL,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics""",the Netherlands,Waalwijk,NA,NA,NA,NA
160,Jacobus H.,van 't Hoff,1901,Chemistry,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1852-08-30,1911-03-01,male,Rotterdam,Netherlands,NL,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions""",the Netherlands,Rotterdam,Germany,Berlin,Berlin,Germany
161,Emil,Fischer,1902,Chemistry,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1852-10-09,1919-07-15,male,Euskirchen,Germany,DE,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses""",Prussia (now Germany),Euskirchen,Germany,Berlin,Berlin,Germany
162,Svante,Arrhenius,1903,Chemistry,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,1859-02-19,1927-10-02,male,Vik,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation""",Sweden,Vik,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
163,Sir William,Ramsay,1904,Chemistry,University College,London,United Kingdom,1852-10-02,1916-07-23,male,Glasgow,Scotland,GB,High Wycombe,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air and his determination of their place in the periodic system""",Scotland,Glasgow,United Kingdom,High Wycombe,London,United Kingdom
164,Adolf,von Baeyer,1905,Chemistry,Munich University,Munich,Germany,1835-10-31,1917-08-20,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Starnberg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds""",Prussia (now Germany),Berlin,Germany,Starnberg,Munich,Germany
165,Henri,Moissan,1906,Chemistry,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1852-09-28,1907-02-20,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
166,Eduard,Buchner,1907,Chemistry,Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule (Agricultural College),Berlin,Germany,1860-05-20,1917-08-13,male,Munich,Germany,DE,Focsani,Romania,RO,NA,1,"""for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation""",Bavaria (now Germany),Munich,Romania,Focsani,Berlin,Germany
167,Ernest,Rutherford,1908,Chemistry,Victoria University,Manchester,United Kingdom,1871-08-30,1937-10-19,male,Nelson,New Zealand,NZ,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements and the chemistry of radioactive substances""",New Zealand,Nelson,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Manchester,United Kingdom
168,Wilhelm,Ostwald,1909,Chemistry,Leipzig University,Leipzig,Germany,1853-09-02,1932-04-04,male,Riga,Latvia,LV,Leipzig,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction""",Russian Empire (now Latvia),Riga,Germany,Leipzig,Leipzig,Germany
169,Otto,Wallach,1910,Chemistry,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,1847-03-27,1931-02-26,male,Kaliningrad,Russia,RU,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds""",Germany (now Russia),Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad),Germany,Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
172,Victor,Grignard,1912,Chemistry,Nancy University,Nancy,France,1871-05-06,1935-12-13,male,Cherbourg,France,FR,Lyon,France,FR,NA,2,"""for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry""",France,Cherbourg,France,Lyon,Nancy,France
173,Paul,Sabatier,1912,Chemistry,Toulouse University,Toulouse,France,1854-11-05,1941-08-14,male,Carcassonne,France,FR,Toulouse,France,FR,NA,2,"""for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years""",France,Carcassonne,France,Toulouse,Toulouse,France
174,Alfred,Werner,1913,Chemistry,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,1866-12-12,1919-11-15,male,Mulhouse,France,FR,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry""",France,Mulhouse,Switzerland,Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland
175,Theodore W.,Richards,1914,Chemistry,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1868-01-31,1928-04-02,male,Germantown PA,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements""",USA,Germantown PA,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
176,Richard,Willstätter,1915,Chemistry,Munich University,Munich,Germany,1872-08-13,1942-08-03,male,Karlsruhe,Germany,DE,Locarno,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for his researches on plant pigments especially chlorophyll""",Germany,Karlsruhe,Switzerland,Locarno,Munich,Germany
177,Fritz,Haber,1918,Chemistry,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Fritz-Haber-Institut) für physikalische Chemie und Electrochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1868-12-09,1934-01-29,male,Wroclaw,Poland,PL,Basel,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements""",Prussia (now Poland),Breslau (now Wroclaw),Switzerland,Basel,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany
178,Walther,Nernst,1920,Chemistry,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1864-06-25,1941-11-18,male,Briesen,Germany,DE,Muskau,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work in thermochemistry""",Prussia (now Germany),Briesen,Germany,Muskau,Berlin,Germany
179,Frederick,Soddy,1921,Chemistry,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1877-09-02,1956-09-22,male,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,GB,Brighton,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes""",United Kingdom,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Brighton,Oxford,United Kingdom
180,Francis W.,Aston,1922,Chemistry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1877-09-01,1945-11-20,male,Harborne,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his discovery by means of his mass spectrograph of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule""",United Kingdom,Harborne,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
181,Fritz,Pregl,1923,Chemistry,Graz University,Graz,Austria,1869-09-03,1930-12-13,male,Ljubljana,Slovenia,SI,Graz,Austria,AT,NA,1,"""for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances""",Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia),Laibach (now Ljubljana),Austria,Graz,Graz,Austria
182,Richard,Zsigmondy,1925,Chemistry,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,1865-04-01,1929-09-24,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry""",Austrian Empire (now Austria),Vienna,Germany,Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
183,The,Svedberg,1926,Chemistry,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,1884-08-30,1971-02-25,male,Fleräng,Sweden,SE,Örebro,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his work on disperse systems""",Sweden,Fleräng,Sweden,Örebro,Uppsala,Sweden
184,Heinrich,Wieland,1927,Chemistry,Munich University,Munich,Germany,1877-06-04,1957-08-05,male,Pforzheim,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances""",Germany,Pforzheim,West Germany (now Germany),Munich,Munich,Germany
185,Adolf,Windaus,1928,Chemistry,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,1876-12-25,1959-06-09,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins""",Germany,Berlin,West Germany (now Germany),Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
186,Arthur,Harden,1929,Chemistry,London University,London,United Kingdom,1865-10-12,1940-06-17,male,Manchester,United Kingdom,GB,Bourne,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",United Kingdom,Manchester,United Kingdom,Bourne,London,United Kingdom
187,Hans,von Euler-Chelpin,1929,Chemistry,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,1873-02-15,1964-11-06,male,Augsburg,Germany,DE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes""",Germany,Augsburg,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
188,Hans,Fischer,1930,Chemistry,Technische Hochschule (Institute of Technology),Munich,Germany,1881-07-27,1945-03-31,male,Hoechst,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin""",Germany,Hoechst,Germany,Munich,Munich,Germany
189,Carl,Bosch,1931,Chemistry,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1874-08-27,1940-04-26,male,Cologne,Germany,DE,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",Germany,Cologne,Germany,Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
190,Friedrich,Bergius,1931,Chemistry,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1884-10-11,1949-03-30,male,Goldschmieden near Breslau,Poland,PL,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,NA,2,"""in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods""",Germany (now Poland),Goldschmieden near Breslau,Argentina,Buenos Aires,Heidelberg,Germany
191,Irving,Langmuir,1932,Chemistry,General Electric Company,Schenectady NY,USA,1881-01-31,1957-08-16,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,Falmouth MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry""",USA,Brooklyn NY,USA,Falmouth MA,Schenectady NY,USA
192,Harold C.,Urey,1934,Chemistry,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1893-04-29,1981-01-05,male,Walkerton IN,USA,US,La Jolla CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discovery of heavy hydrogen""",USA,Walkerton IN,USA,La Jolla CA,New York NY,USA
193,Frédéric,Joliot,1935,Chemistry,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,1900-03-19,1958-08-14,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
194,Irène,Joliot-Curie,1935,Chemistry,Institut du Radium,Paris,France,1897-09-12,1956-03-17,female,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
195,Peter,Debye,1936,Chemistry,Berlin University,Berlin,Germany,1884-03-24,1966-11-02,male,Maastricht,Netherlands,NL,Ithaca NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases""",the Netherlands,Maastricht,USA,Ithaca NY,Berlin,Germany
196,Norman,Haworth,1937,Chemistry,Birmingham University,Birmingham,United Kingdom,1883-03-19,1950-03-19,male,Chorley,United Kingdom,GB,Birmingham,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C""",United Kingdom,Chorley,United Kingdom,Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom
197,Paul,Karrer,1937,Chemistry,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,1889-04-21,1971-06-18,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his investigations on carotenoids flavins and vitamins A and B2""",Russia,Moscow,Switzerland,Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland
198,Richard,Kuhn,1938,Chemistry,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Germany,1900-12-03,1967-07-31,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his work on carotenoids and vitamins""",Austria-Hungary (now Austria),Vienna,West Germany (now Germany),Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
199,Adolf,Butenandt,1939,Chemistry,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biochemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1903-03-24,1995-01-18,male,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for his work on sex hormones""",Germany,Bremerhaven-Lehe,Germany,Munich,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany
200,Leopold,Ruzicka,1939,Chemistry,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1887-09-13,1976-09-26,male,Vukovar,Croatia,HR,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes""",Austria-Hungary (now Croatia),Vukovar,Switzerland,Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland
201,George,de Hevesy,1943,Chemistry,Stockholm University,Stockholm,Sweden,1885-08-01,1966-07-05,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes""",Austria-Hungary (now Hungary),Budapest,West Germany (now Germany),Freiburg im Breisgau,Stockholm,Sweden
202,Otto,Hahn,1944,Chemistry,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck Institut) für Chemie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1879-03-08,1968-07-28,male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,DE,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei""",Germany,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,West Germany (now Germany),Göttingen,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany
203,Artturi,Virtanen,1945,Chemistry,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland,1895-01-15,1973-11-11,male,Helsinki,Finland,FI,Helsinki,Finland,FI,NA,1,"""for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry especially for his fodder preservation method""",Russian Empire (now Finland),Helsinki,Finland,Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
204,James B.,Sumner,1946,Chemistry,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1887-11-19,1955-08-12,male,Canton MA,USA,US,Buffalo NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized""",USA,Canton MA,USA,Buffalo NY,Ithaca NY,USA
205,John H.,Northrop,1946,Chemistry,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,Princeton NJ,USA,1891-07-05,1987-05-27,male,Yonkers NY,USA,US,Wickenberg AZ,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",USA,Yonkers NY,USA,Wickenberg AZ,Princeton NJ,USA
206,Wendell M.,Stanley,1946,Chemistry,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,Princeton NJ,USA,1904-08-16,1971-06-15,male,Ridgeville IN,USA,US,Salamanca,Spain,ES,NA,4,"""for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form""",USA,Ridgeville IN,Spain,Salamanca,Princeton NJ,USA
207,Sir Robert,Robinson,1947,Chemistry,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1886-09-13,1975-02-08,male,Rufford near Chesterfield,United Kingdom,GB,Great Missenden,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his investigations on plant products of biological importance especially the alkaloids""",United Kingdom,Rufford near Chesterfield,United Kingdom,Great Missenden,Oxford,United Kingdom
208,Arne,Tiselius,1948,Chemistry,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,1902-08-10,1971-10-29,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins""",Sweden,Stockholm,Sweden,Uppsala,Uppsala,Sweden
209,William F.,Giauque,1949,Chemistry,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1895-05-12,1982-03-28,male,Niagara Falls,Canada,CA,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures""",Canada,Niagara Falls,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
210,Otto,Diels,1950,Chemistry,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,1876-01-23,1954-03-07,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Kiel,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",Germany,Hamburg,West Germany (now Germany),Kiel,Kiel,Germany
211,Kurt,Alder,1950,Chemistry,Cologne University,Cologne,Germany,1902-07-10,1958-06-20,male,Chorzów,Poland,PL,Cologne,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis""",Prussia (now Poland),Königshütte (now Chorzów),West Germany (now Germany),Cologne,Cologne,Germany
212,Edwin M.,McMillan,1951,Chemistry,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1907-09-18,1991-09-07,male,Redondo Beach CA,USA,US,El Cerrito CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",USA,Redondo Beach CA,USA,El Cerrito CA,Berkeley CA,USA
213,Glenn T.,Seaborg,1951,Chemistry,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1912-04-19,1999-02-25,male,Ishpeming MI,USA,US,Lafayette CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements""",USA,Ishpeming MI,USA,Lafayette CA,Berkeley CA,USA
214,Archer J.P.,Martin,1952,Chemistry,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,1910-03-01,2002-07-28,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Llangarron,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Llangarron,London,United Kingdom
215,Richard L.M.,Synge,1952,Chemistry,Rowett Research Institute,Bucksburn (Scotland),United Kingdom,1914-10-28,1994-08-18,male,Liverpool,United Kingdom,GB,Norwich,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their invention of partition chromatography""",United Kingdom,Liverpool,United Kingdom,Norwich,Bucksburn (Scotland),United Kingdom
216,Hermann,Staudinger,1953,Chemistry,University of Freiburg,Breisgau,Germany,1881-03-23,1965-09-08,male,Worms,Germany,DE,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry""",Germany,Worms,West Germany (now Germany),Freiburg im Breisgau,Breisgau,Germany
217,Linus,Pauling,1962,Peace,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1901-02-28,1994-08-19,male,Portland OR,USA,US,Big Sur CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West""",USA,Portland OR,USA,Big Sur CA,Pasadena CA,USA
217,Linus,Pauling,1954,Chemistry,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1901-02-28,1994-08-19,male,Portland OR,USA,US,Big Sur CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances""",USA,Portland OR,USA,Big Sur CA,Pasadena CA,USA
218,Vincent,du Vigneaud,1955,Chemistry,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1901-05-18,1978-12-11,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,White Plains NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone""",USA,Chicago IL,USA,White Plains NY,Ithaca NY,USA
219,Sir Cyril,Hinshelwood,1956,Chemistry,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1897-05-19,1967-10-09,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,London,Oxford,United Kingdom
220,Nikolay,Semenov,1956,Chemistry,Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR,Moscow,Russia,1896-04-03,1986-09-25,male,Saratov,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,2,"""for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions""",Russia,Saratov,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
221,Lord,Todd,1957,Chemistry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1907-10-02,1997-01-10,male,Glasgow,Scotland,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes""",Scotland,Glasgow,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
222,Frederick,Sanger,1958,Chemistry,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1918-08-13,2013-11-19,male,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his work on the structure of proteins especially that of insulin""",United Kingdom,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
222,Frederick,Sanger,1980,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1918-08-13,2013-11-19,male,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,4,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",United Kingdom,Rendcombe,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
223,Jaroslav,Heyrovsky,1959,Chemistry,Polarographic Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Science,Prague,Czech Republic,1890-12-20,1967-03-27,male,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,NA,1,"""for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis""",Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic),Prague,Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic),Prague,Prague,Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic)
224,Willard F.,Libby,1960,Chemistry,University of California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1908-12-17,1980-09-08,male,Grand Valley CO,USA,US,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology geology geophysics and other branches of science""",USA,Grand Valley CO,USA,Los Angeles CA,Los Angeles CA,USA
225,Melvin,Calvin,1961,Chemistry,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1911-04-08,1997-01-08,male,St. Paul MN,USA,US,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants""",USA,St. Paul MN,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
226,Max F.,Perutz,1962,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1914-05-19,2002-02-06,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",Austria,Vienna,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
227,John C.,Kendrew,1962,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1917-03-24,1997-08-23,male,Oxford,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their studies of the structures of globular proteins""",United Kingdom,Oxford,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
228,Karl,Ziegler,1963,Chemistry,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (Max-Planck-Institute for Carbon Research),Mülheim/Ruhr,Germany,1898-11-26,1973-08-12,male,Helsa,Germany,DE,Mülheim,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",Germany,Helsa,West Germany (now Germany),Mülheim,Mülheim/Ruhr,Germany
229,Giulio,Natta,1963,Chemistry,Institute of Technology,Milan,Italy,1903-02-26,1979-05-02,male,Imperia,Italy,IT,Bergamo,Italy,IT,NA,2,"""for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers""",Italy,Imperia,Italy,Bergamo,Milan,Italy
230,Dorothy Crowfoot,Hodgkin,1964,Chemistry,University of Oxford Royal Society,Oxford,United Kingdom,1910-05-12,1994-07-29,female,Cairo,Egypt,EG,Shipston-on-Stour,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances""",Egypt,Cairo,United Kingdom,Shipston-on-Stour,Oxford,United Kingdom
231,Robert B.,Woodward,1965,Chemistry,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1917-04-10,1979-07-08,male,Boston MA,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis""",USA,Boston MA,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
232,Robert S.,Mulliken,1966,Chemistry,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1896-06-07,1986-10-31,male,Newburyport MA,USA,US,Arlington VA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method""",USA,Newburyport MA,USA,Arlington VA,Chicago IL,USA
233,Manfred,Eigen,1967,Chemistry,Max-Planck-Institut für Physikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Germany,1927-05-09,2019-02-06,male,Bochum,Germany,DE,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",Germany,Bochum,Germany,Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
234,Ronald G.W.,Norrish,1967,Chemistry,Institute of Physical Chemistry,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1897-11-09,1978-06-07,male,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,4,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",United Kingdom,Cambridge,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
235,George,Porter,1967,Chemistry,Royal Institution of Great Britain,London,United Kingdom,1920-12-06,2002-08-31,male,Stainforth,United Kingdom,GB,Canterbury,United Kingdom,GB,NA,4,"""for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy""",United Kingdom,Stainforth,United Kingdom,Canterbury,London,United Kingdom
236,Lars,Onsager,1968,Chemistry,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1903-11-27,1976-10-05,male,Oslo,Norway,NO,Coral Gables FL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes""",Norway,Kristiania (now Oslo),USA,Coral Gables FL,New Haven CT,USA
237,Derek,Barton,1969,Chemistry,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,1918-09-08,1998-03-16,male,Gravesend,United Kingdom,GB,College Station TX,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",United Kingdom,Gravesend,USA,College Station TX,London,United Kingdom
238,Odd,Hassel,1969,Chemistry,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,1897-05-17,1981-05-11,male,Oslo,Norway,NO,Oslo,Norway,NO,NA,2,"""for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry""",Norway,Kristiania (now Oslo),Norway,Oslo,Oslo,Norway
239,Luis,Leloir,1970,Chemistry,Institute for Biochemical Research,Buenos Aires,Argentina,1906-09-06,1987-12-02,male,Paris,France,FR,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,NA,1,"""for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates""",France,Paris,Argentina,Buenos Aires,Buenos Aires,Argentina
240,Gerhard,Herzberg,1971,Chemistry,National Research Council of Canada,Ottawa,Canada,1904-12-25,1999-03-03,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Ottawa,Canada,CA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules particularly free radicals""",Germany,Hamburg,Canada,Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada
241,Christian,Anfinsen,1972,Chemistry,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda MD,USA,1916-03-26,1995-05-14,male,Monessen PA,USA,US,Randallstown MD,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his work on ribonuclease especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation""",USA,Monessen PA,USA,Randallstown MD,Bethesda MD,USA
242,Stanford,Moore,1972,Chemistry,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1913-09-04,1982-08-23,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",USA,Chicago IL,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
243,William H.,Stein,1972,Chemistry,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1911-06-25,1980-02-02,male,New York NY,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule""",USA,New York NY,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
244,Ernst Otto,Fischer,1973,Chemistry,Technical University,Munich,Germany,1918-11-10,2007-07-23,male,Munich,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds""",Germany,Munich,Germany,Munich,Munich,Germany
245,Geoffrey,Wilkinson,1973,Chemistry,Imperial College,London,United Kingdom,1921-07-14,1996-09-26,male,Todmorden,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work performed independently on the chemistry of the organometallic so called sandwich compounds""",United Kingdom,Todmorden,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
246,Paul J.,Flory,1974,Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1910-06-19,1985-09-08,male,Sterling IL,USA,US,Big Sur CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his fundamental achievements both theoretical and experimental in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules""",USA,Sterling IL,USA,Big Sur CA,Stanford CA,USA
247,John,Cornforth,1975,Chemistry,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,1917-09-07,2013-12-08,male,Sydney,Australia,AU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions""",Australia,Sydney,NA,NA,Brighton,United Kingdom
248,Vladimir,Prelog,1975,Chemistry,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1906-07-23,1998-01-07,male,Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina,BA,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions""",Austria-Hungary (now Bosnia and Herzegovina),Sarajevo,Switzerland,Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland
249,William,Lipscomb,1976,Chemistry,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1919-12-09,2011-04-14,male,Cleveland OH,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding""",USA,Cleveland OH,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
250,Ilya,Prigogine,1977,Chemistry,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,1917-01-25,2003-05-28,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,Brussels,Belgium,BE,NA,1,"""for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics particularly the theory of dissipative structures""",Russia,Moscow,Belgium,Brussels,Brussels,Belgium
251,Peter,Mitchell,1978,Chemistry,Glynn Research Laboratories,Bodmin,United Kingdom,1920-09-29,1992-04-10,male,Mitcham,United Kingdom,GB,Bodmin,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory""",United Kingdom,Mitcham,United Kingdom,Bodmin,Bodmin,United Kingdom
252,Herbert C.,Brown,1979,Chemistry,Purdue University,West Lafayette IN,USA,1912-05-22,2004-12-19,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Lafayette IN,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis""",United Kingdom,London,USA,Lafayette IN,West Lafayette IN,USA
253,Georg,Wittig,1979,Chemistry,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1897-06-16,1987-08-26,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds respectively into important reagents in organic synthesis""",Germany,Berlin,West Germany (now Germany),Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
254,Paul,Berg,1980,Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1926-06-30,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids with particular regard to recombinant-DNA""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
255,Walter,Gilbert,1980,Chemistry,Harvard University Biological Laboratories,Cambridge MA,USA,1932-03-21,NA,male,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids""",USA,Boston MA,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
257,Kenichi,Fukui,1981,Chemistry,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,1918-10-04,1998-01-09,male,Nara,Japan,JP,Kyoto,Japan,JP,NA,2,"""for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions""",Japan,Nara,Japan,Kyoto,Kyoto,Japan
258,Roald,Hoffmann,1981,Chemistry,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1937-07-18,NA,male,Zloczov,Ukraine,UA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their theories developed independently concerning the course of chemical reactions""",Poland (now Ukraine),Zloczov,NA,NA,Ithaca NY,USA
259,Aaron,Klug,1982,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1926-08-11,2018-11-20,male,Zelvas,Lithuania,LT,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes""",Lithuania,Zelvas,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
260,Henry,Taube,1983,Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1915-11-30,2005-11-16,male,Neudorf,Canada,CA,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions especially in metal complexes""",Canada,Neudorf,USA,Stanford CA,Stanford CA,USA
261,Bruce,Merrifield,1984,Chemistry,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1921-07-15,2006-05-14,male,Fort Worth TX,USA,US,Cresskill NJ,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix""",USA,Fort Worth TX,USA,Cresskill NJ,New York NY,USA
262,Herbert A.,Hauptman,1985,Chemistry,The Medical Foundation of Buffalo,Buffalo NY,USA,1917-02-14,2011-10-23,male,New York NY,USA,US,Buffalo NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",USA,New York NY,USA,Buffalo NY,Buffalo NY,USA
263,Jerome,Karle,1985,Chemistry,US Naval Research Laboratory,Washington DC,USA,1918-06-18,2013-06-06,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Washington DC,USA
264,Dudley R.,Herschbach,1986,Chemistry,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1932-06-18,NA,male,San José CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",USA,San José CA,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
265,Yuan T.,Lee,1986,Chemistry,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1936-11-19,NA,male,Hsinchu,Taiwan,TW,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",Taiwan,Hsinchu,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
266,John C.,Polanyi,1986,Chemistry,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,1929-01-23,NA,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes""",Germany,Berlin,NA,NA,Toronto,Canada
267,Donald J.,Cram,1987,Chemistry,University of California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1919-04-22,2001-06-17,male,Chester VT,USA,US,Palm Desert CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",USA,Chester VT,USA,Palm Desert CA,Los Angeles CA,USA
268,Jean-Marie,Lehn,1987,Chemistry,Université Louis Pasteur,Strasbourg,France,1939-09-30,NA,male,Rosheim,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",France,Rosheim,NA,NA,Strasbourg,France
269,Charles J.,Pedersen,1987,Chemistry,Du Pont,Wilmington DE,USA,1904-10-03,1989-10-26,male,Pusan,South Korea,KR,Salem NJ,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity""",Korea (now South Korea),Pusan,USA,Salem NJ,Wilmington DE,USA
270,Johann,Deisenhofer,1988,Chemistry,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,Dallas TX,USA,1943-09-30,NA,male,Zusamaltheim,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",Germany,Zusamaltheim,NA,NA,Dallas TX,USA
271,Robert,Huber,1988,Chemistry,Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie,Martinsried,Germany,1937-02-20,NA,male,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",Germany,Munich,NA,NA,Martinsried,Germany
272,Hartmut,Michel,1988,Chemistry,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,1948-07-18,NA,male,Ludwigsburg,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre""",West Germany (now Germany),Ludwigsburg,NA,NA,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany
273,Sidney,Altman,1989,Chemistry,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1939-05-07,NA,male,Montreal,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",Canada,Montreal,NA,NA,New Haven CT,USA
274,Thomas R.,Cech,1989,Chemistry,University of Colorado,Boulder CO,USA,1947-12-08,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Boulder CO,USA
275,Elias James,Corey,1990,Chemistry,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1928-07-12,NA,male,Methuen MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis""",USA,Methuen MA,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
276,Richard R.,Ernst,1991,Chemistry,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1933-08-14,NA,male,Winterthur,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy""",Switzerland,Winterthur,NA,NA,Zurich,Switzerland
277,Rudolph A.,Marcus,1992,Chemistry,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1923-07-21,NA,male,Montreal,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems""",Canada,Montreal,NA,NA,Pasadena CA,USA
278,Kary B.,Mullis,1993,Chemistry,NA,NA,NA,1944-12-28,2019-08-07,male,Lenoir NC,USA,US,Newport Beach CA,USA,US,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry""",2,"""for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method""",USA,Lenoir NC,USA,Newport Beach CA,NA,NA
279,Michael,Smith,1993,Chemistry,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada,1932-04-26,2000-10-04,male,Blackpool,United Kingdom,GB,Vancouver,Canada,CA,"""for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry""",2,"""for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies""",United Kingdom,Blackpool,Canada,Vancouver,Vancouver,Canada
280,George A.,Olah,1994,Chemistry,University of Southern California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1927-05-22,2017-03-08,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his contribution to carbocation chemistry""",Hungary,Budapest,USA,Los Angeles CA,Los Angeles CA,USA
281,Paul J.,Crutzen,1995,Chemistry,Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie,Mainz,Germany,1933-12-03,NA,male,Amsterdam,Netherlands,NL,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",the Netherlands,Amsterdam,NA,NA,Mainz,Germany
282,Mario J.,Molina,1995,Chemistry,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1943-03-19,NA,male,Mexico City,Mexico,MX,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",Mexico,Mexico City,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
283,F. Sherwood,Rowland,1995,Chemistry,University of California,Irvine CA,USA,1927-06-28,2012-03-10,male,Delaware OH,USA,US,Corona del Mar CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their work in atmospheric chemistry particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone""",USA,Delaware OH,USA,Corona del Mar CA,Irvine CA,USA
284,Robert F.,Curl Jr.,1996,Chemistry,Rice University,Houston TX,USA,1933-08-23,NA,male,Alice TX,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",USA,Alice TX,NA,NA,Houston TX,USA
285,Sir Harold,Kroto,1996,Chemistry,University of Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom,1939-10-07,2016-04-30,male,Wisbech,United Kingdom,GB,Lewes East Sussex,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",United Kingdom,Wisbech,United Kingdom,Lewes East Sussex,Brighton,United Kingdom
286,Richard E.,Smalley,1996,Chemistry,Rice University,Houston TX,USA,1943-06-06,2005-10-28,male,Akron OH,USA,US,Houston TX,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discovery of fullerenes""",USA,Akron OH,USA,Houston TX,Houston TX,USA
287,Paul D.,Boyer,1997,Chemistry,University of California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1918-07-31,2018-06-02,male,Provo UT,USA,US,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",USA,Provo UT,USA,Los Angeles CA,Los Angeles CA,USA
288,John E.,Walker,1997,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1941-01-07,NA,male,Halifax,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)""",United Kingdom,Halifax,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
289,Jens C.,Skou,1997,Chemistry,Aarhus University,Aarhus,Denmark,1918-10-08,2018-05-28,male,Lemvig,Denmark,DK,Aarhus,Denmark,DK,NA,2,"""for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme Na+ K+ -ATPase""",Denmark,Lemvig,Denmark,Aarhus,Aarhus,Denmark
290,Walter,Kohn,1998,Chemistry,University of California,Santa Barbara CA,USA,1923-03-09,2016-04-19,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Santa Barbara CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his development of the density-functional theory""",Austria,Vienna,USA,Santa Barbara CA,Santa Barbara CA,USA
291,John,Pople,1998,Chemistry,Northwestern University,Evanston IL,USA,1925-10-31,2004-03-15,male,Burnham-on-Sea,United Kingdom,GB,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry""",United Kingdom,Burnham-on-Sea,USA,Chicago IL,Evanston IL,USA
292,Ahmed,Zewail,1999,Chemistry,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1946-02-26,2016-08-02,male,Damanhur,Egypt,EG,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy""",Egypt,Damanhur,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
293,Emil,von Behring,1901,Medicine,Marburg University,Marburg,Germany,1854-03-15,1917-03-31,male,Lawice,Poland,PL,Marburg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his work on serum therapy especially its application against diphtheria by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths""",Prussia (now Poland),Hansdorf (now Lawice),Germany,Marburg,Marburg,Germany
294,Ronald,Ross,1902,Medicine,University College,Liverpool,United Kingdom,1857-05-13,1932-09-16,male,Almora,India,IN,Putney Heath,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his work on malaria by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it""",India,Almora,United Kingdom,Putney Heath,Liverpool,United Kingdom
295,Niels Ryberg,Finsen,1903,Medicine,Finsen Medical Light Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,1860-12-15,1904-09-24,male,Thorshavn,Faroe Islands (Denmark),DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,1,"""in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases especially lupus vulgaris with concentrated light radiation whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science""",Faroe Islands (Denmark),Thorshavn,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
296,Ivan,Pavlov,1904,Medicine,Military Medical Academy,St. Petersburg,Russia,1849-09-14,1936-02-27,male,Ryazan,Russia,RU,Leningrad,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged""",Russia,Ryazan,Russia,Leningrad,St. Petersburg,Russia
297,Robert,Koch,1905,Medicine,Institute for Infectious Diseases,Berlin,Germany,1843-12-11,1910-05-27,male,Clausthal-Zellerfeld,Germany,DE,Baden-Baden,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis""",Germany,Clausthal (now Clausthal-Zellerfeld),Germany,Baden-Baden,Berlin,Germany
298,Camillo,Golgi,1906,Medicine,Pavia University,Pavia,Italy,1843-07-07,1926-01-21,male,Corteno,Italy,IT,Pavia,Italy,IT,NA,2,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",Italy,Corteno,Italy,Pavia,Pavia,Italy
299,Santiago,Ramón y Cajal,1906,Medicine,Madrid University,Madrid,Spain,1852-05-01,1934-10-17,male,Petilla de Aragón,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,2,"""in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system""",Spain,Petilla de Aragón,Spain,Madrid,Madrid,Spain
300,Alphonse,Laveran,1907,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1845-06-18,1922-05-18,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
301,Ilya,Mechnikov,1908,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1845-05-15,1916-07-15,male,Kharkiv,Ukraine,UA,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",Russian Empire (now Ukraine),Kharkov (now Kharkiv),France,Paris,Paris,France
302,Paul,Ehrlich,1908,Medicine,Goettingen University,Göttingen,Germany,1854-03-14,1915-08-20,male,Strzelin,Poland,PL,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""in recognition of their work on immunity""",Prussia (now Poland),Strehlen (now Strzelin),Germany,Bad Homburg vor der Höhe,Göttingen,Germany
303,Theodor,Kocher,1909,Medicine,Berne University,Bern,Switzerland,1841-08-25,1917-07-27,male,Bern,Switzerland,CH,Bern,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for his work on the physiology pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland""",Switzerland,Bern,Switzerland,Bern,Bern,Switzerland
304,Albrecht,Kossel,1910,Medicine,University of Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany,1853-09-16,1927-07-05,male,Rostock,Germany,DE,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins including the nucleic substances""",Mecklenburg (now Germany),Rostock,Germany,Heidelberg,Heidelberg,Germany
305,Allvar,Gullstrand,1911,Medicine,Uppsala University,Uppsala,Sweden,1862-06-05,1930-07-28,male,Landskrona,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his work on the dioptrics of the eye""",Sweden,Landskrona,Sweden,Stockholm,Uppsala,Sweden
306,Alexis,Carrel,1912,Medicine,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,New York NY,USA,1873-06-28,1944-11-05,male,Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs""",France,Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon,France,Paris,New York NY,USA
307,Charles,Richet,1913,Medicine,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1850-08-26,1935-12-04,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
308,Robert,Bárány,1914,Medicine,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,1876-04-22,1936-04-08,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus""",Austria,Vienna,Sweden,Uppsala,Vienna,Austria
309,Jules,Bordet,1919,Medicine,Brussels University,Brussels,Belgium,1870-06-13,1961-04-06,male,Soignies,Belgium,BE,Brussels,Belgium,BE,NA,1,"""for his discoveries relating to immunity""",Belgium,Soignies,Belgium,Brussels,Brussels,Belgium
310,August,Krogh,1920,Medicine,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,1874-11-15,1949-09-13,male,Grenå,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism""",Denmark,Grenå,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
311,Archibald V.,Hill,1922,Medicine,London University,London,United Kingdom,1886-09-26,1977-06-03,male,Bristol,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle""",United Kingdom,Bristol,United Kingdom,Cambridge,London,United Kingdom
312,Otto,Meyerhof,1922,Medicine,Kiel University,Kiel,Germany,1884-04-12,1951-10-06,male,Hanover,Germany,DE,Philadelphia PA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle""",Germany,Hanover,USA,Philadelphia PA,Kiel,Germany
313,Frederick G.,Banting,1923,Medicine,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,1891-11-14,1941-02-21,male,Alliston,Canada,CA,Newfoundland,Canada,CA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of insulin""",Canada,Alliston,Canada,Newfoundland,Toronto,Canada
314,John,Macleod,1923,Medicine,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada,1876-09-06,1935-03-16,male,Cluny,Scotland,GB,Aberdeen,Scotland,GB,NA,2,"""for the discovery of insulin""",Scotland,Cluny,Scotland,Aberdeen,Toronto,Canada
315,Willem,Einthoven,1924,Medicine,Leiden University,Leiden,Netherlands,1860-05-21,1927-09-29,male,Semarang,Indonesia,ID,Leiden,Netherlands,NL,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram""",Java Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia),Semarang,the Netherlands,Leiden,Leiden,the Netherlands
316,Johannes,Fibiger,1926,Medicine,Copenhagen University,Copenhagen,Denmark,1867-04-23,1928-01-30,male,Silkeborg,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma""",Denmark,Silkeborg,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
317,Julius,Wagner-Jauregg,1927,Medicine,Vienna University,Vienna,Austria,1857-03-07,1940-09-27,male,Wels,Austria,AT,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica""",Austria,Wels,Austria,Vienna,Vienna,Austria
318,Charles,Nicolle,1928,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Tunis,Tunisia,1866-09-21,1936-02-28,male,Rouen,France,FR,Tunis,Tunisia,TN,NA,1,"""for his work on typhus""",France,Rouen,Tunisia,Tunis,Tunis,Tunisia
319,Christiaan,Eijkman,1929,Medicine,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands,1858-08-11,1930-11-05,male,Nijkerk,Netherlands,NL,Utrecht,Netherlands,NL,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin""",the Netherlands,Nijkerk,the Netherlands,Utrecht,Utrecht,the Netherlands
320,Sir Frederick,Hopkins,1929,Medicine,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1861-06-20,1947-05-16,male,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins""",United Kingdom,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
321,Karl,Landsteiner,1930,Medicine,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,New York NY,USA,1868-06-14,1943-06-26,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discovery of human blood groups""",Austrian Empire (now Austria),Vienna,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
322,Otto,Warburg,1931,Medicine,Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (now Max-Planck-Institut) für Biologie,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany,1883-10-08,1970-08-01,male,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,DE,West Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme""",Germany,Freiburg im Breisgau,West Germany (now Germany),West Berlin,Berlin-Dahlem,Germany
323,Sir Charles,Sherrington,1932,Medicine,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1857-11-27,1952-03-04,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Eastbourne,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Eastbourne,Oxford,United Kingdom
324,Edgar,Adrian,1932,Medicine,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1889-11-30,1977-08-08,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
325,Thomas H.,Morgan,1933,Medicine,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1866-09-25,1945-12-04,male,Lexington KY,USA,US,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity""",USA,Lexington KY,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
326,George H.,Whipple,1934,Medicine,University of Rochester,Rochester NY,USA,1878-08-28,1976-02-01,male,Ashland NH,USA,US,Rochester NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",USA,Ashland NH,USA,Rochester NY,Rochester NY,USA
327,George R.,Minot,1934,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1885-12-02,1950-02-25,male,Boston MA,USA,US,Brookline MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",USA,Boston MA,USA,Brookline MA,Cambridge MA,USA
328,William P.,Murphy,1934,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1892-02-06,1987-10-09,male,Stoughton WI,USA,US,Brookline MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia""",USA,Stoughton WI,USA,Brookline MA,Cambridge MA,USA
329,Hans,Spemann,1935,Medicine,University of Freiburg im Breisgau,Breisgau,Germany,1869-06-27,1941-09-12,male,Stuttgart,Germany,DE,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development""",Württemberg (now Germany),Stuttgart,Germany,Freiburg im Breisgau,Breisgau,Germany
330,Sir Henry,Dale,1936,Medicine,National Institute for Medical Research,London,United Kingdom,1875-06-09,1968-07-23,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Cambridge,London,United Kingdom
331,Otto,Loewi,1936,Medicine,Graz University,Graz,Austria,1873-06-03,1961-12-25,male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,DE,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses""",Germany,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,USA,New York NY,Graz,Austria
332,Albert,Szent-Györgyi,1937,Medicine,Szeged University,Szeged,Hungary,1893-09-16,1986-10-22,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Woods Hole MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid""",Austria-Hungary (now Hungary),Budapest,USA,Woods Hole MA,Szeged,Hungary
333,Corneille,Heymans,1938,Medicine,Ghent University,Ghent,Belgium,1892-03-28,1968-07-18,male,Ghent,Belgium,BE,Knokke,Belgium,BE,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration""",Belgium,Ghent,Belgium,Knokke,Ghent,Belgium
334,Gerhard,Domagk,1939,Medicine,Munster University,Munster,Germany,1895-10-30,1964-04-24,male,Lagow,Poland,PL,Burgberg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil""",Germany (now Poland),Lagow,West Germany (now Germany),Burgberg,Munster,Germany
335,Henrik,Dam,1943,Medicine,Polytechnic Institute,Copenhagen,Denmark,1895-02-21,1976-04-17,male,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,2,"""for his discovery of vitamin K""",Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark,Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark
336,Edward A.,Doisy,1943,Medicine,Saint Louis University,St. Louis MO,USA,1893-11-13,1986-10-23,male,Hume IL,USA,US,St. Louis MO,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K""",USA,Hume IL,USA,St. Louis MO,St. Louis MO,USA
337,Joseph,Erlanger,1944,Medicine,Washington University,St. Louis MO,USA,1874-01-05,1965-12-05,male,San Francisco CA,USA,US,St. Louis MO,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",USA,San Francisco CA,USA,St. Louis MO,St. Louis MO,USA
338,Herbert S.,Gasser,1944,Medicine,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,New York NY,USA,1888-07-05,1963-05-11,male,Platteville WI,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres""",USA,Platteville WI,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
339,Sir Alexander,Fleming,1945,Medicine,London University,London,United Kingdom,1881-08-06,1955-03-11,male,Lochfield,Scotland,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",Scotland,Lochfield,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
340,Ernst B.,Chain,1945,Medicine,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1906-06-19,1979-08-12,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Mulrany,Ireland,IE,NA,3,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",Germany,Berlin,Ireland,Mulrany,Oxford,United Kingdom
341,Sir Howard,Florey,1945,Medicine,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1898-09-24,1968-02-21,male,Adelaide,Australia,AU,Oxford,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases""",Australia,Adelaide,United Kingdom,Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom
342,Hermann J.,Muller,1946,Medicine,Indiana University,Bloomington IN,USA,1890-12-21,1967-04-05,male,New York NY,USA,US,Indianapolis IN,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation""",USA,New York NY,USA,Indianapolis IN,Bloomington IN,USA
343,Carl,Cori,1947,Medicine,Washington University,St. Louis MO,USA,1896-12-05,1984-10-20,male,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic),Prague,USA,Cambridge MA,St. Louis MO,USA
344,Gerty,Cori,1947,Medicine,Washington University,St. Louis MO,USA,1896-08-15,1957-10-26,female,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,St. Louis MO,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen""",Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic),Prague,USA,St. Louis MO,St. Louis MO,USA
345,Bernardo,Houssay,1947,Medicine,Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (Institute for Biology and Experimental Medicine),Buenos Aires,Argentina,1887-04-10,1971-09-21,male,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar""",Argentina,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Buenos Aires,Buenos Aires,Argentina
346,Paul,Müller,1948,Medicine,Laboratorium der Farben-Fabriken J.R. Geigy A.G. (Laboratory of the J.R. Geigy Dye-Factory Co.),Basel,Switzerland,1899-01-12,1965-10-12,male,Olten,Switzerland,CH,Basel,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods""",Switzerland,Olten,Switzerland,Basel,Basel,Switzerland
347,Walter,Hess,1949,Medicine,University of Zurich,Zurich,Switzerland,1881-03-17,1973-08-12,male,Frauenfeld,Switzerland,CH,Ascona,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs""",Switzerland,Frauenfeld,Switzerland,Ascona,Zurich,Switzerland
348,Egas,Moniz,1949,Medicine,University of Lisbon,Lisbon,Portugal,1874-11-29,1955-12-13,male,Avanca,Portugal,PT,Lisbon,Portugal,PT,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses""",Portugal,Avanca,Portugal,Lisbon,Lisbon,Portugal
349,Edward C.,Kendall,1950,Medicine,Mayo Clinic,Rochester MN,USA,1886-03-08,1972-05-04,male,South Norwalk CT,USA,US,Princeton NJ,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects""",USA,South Norwalk CT,USA,Princeton NJ,Rochester MN,USA
350,Tadeus,Reichstein,1950,Medicine,Basel University,Basel,Switzerland,1897-07-20,1996-08-01,male,Wloclawek,Poland,PL,Basel,Switzerland,CH,NA,3,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects""",Poland,Wloclawek,Switzerland,Basel,Basel,Switzerland
351,Philip S.,Hench,1950,Medicine,Mayo Clinic,Rochester MN,USA,1896-02-28,1965-03-30,male,Pittsburgh PA,USA,US,Ocho Rios,Jamaica,JM,NA,3,"""for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex their structure and biological effects""",USA,Pittsburgh PA,Jamaica,Ocho Rios,Rochester MN,USA
352,Max,Theiler,1951,Medicine,Laboratories of the Division of Medicine and Public Health Rockefeller Foundation,New York NY,USA,1899-01-30,1972-08-11,male,Pretoria,South Africa,ZA,New Haven CT,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it""",South Africa,Pretoria,USA,New Haven CT,New York NY,USA
353,Selman A.,Waksman,1952,Medicine,Rutgers University,New Brunswick NJ,USA,1888-07-22,1973-08-16,male,Nova Pryluka,Ukraine,UA,Hyannis MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discovery of streptomycin the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis""",Russian Empire (now Ukraine),Priluka (now Nova Pryluka),USA,Hyannis MA,New Brunswick NJ,USA
354,Hans,Krebs,1953,Medicine,Sheffield University,Sheffield,United Kingdom,1900-08-25,1981-11-22,male,Hildesheim,Germany,DE,Oxford,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the citric acid cycle""",Germany,Hildesheim,United Kingdom,Oxford,Sheffield,United Kingdom
355,Fritz,Lipmann,1953,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1899-06-12,1986-07-24,male,Kaliningrad,Russia,RU,Poughkeepsie NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism""",Germany (now Russia),Koenigsberg (now Kaliningrad),USA,Poughkeepsie NY,Boston MA,USA
356,John F.,Enders,1954,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1897-02-10,1985-09-08,male,West Hartford CT,USA,US,Waterford CT,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",USA,West Hartford CT,USA,Waterford CT,Boston MA,USA
357,Thomas H.,Weller,1954,Medicine,Research Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Medical Center,Boston MA,USA,1915-06-15,2008-08-23,male,Ann Arbor MI,USA,US,Needham MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",USA,Ann Arbor MI,USA,Needham MA,Boston MA,USA
358,Frederick C.,Robbins,1954,Medicine,Western Reserve University,Cleveland OH,USA,1916-08-25,2003-08-04,male,Auburn AL,USA,US,Cleveland OH,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue""",USA,Auburn AL,USA,Cleveland OH,Cleveland OH,USA
359,Hugo,Theorell,1955,Medicine,Karolinska Institutet Nobel Medical Institute,Stockholm,Sweden,1903-07-06,1982-08-15,male,Linköping,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes""",Sweden,Linköping,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
360,André F.,Cournand,1956,Medicine,Columbia University Division Cardio-Pulmonary Laboratory Bellevue Hospital,New York NY,USA,1895-09-24,1988-02-19,male,Paris,France,FR,Great Barrington MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",France,Paris,USA,Great Barrington MA,New York NY,USA
361,Werner,Forssmann,1956,Medicine,Mainz University,Mainz,Germany,1904-08-29,1979-06-01,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Schopfheim,Germany,DE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",Germany,Berlin,West Germany (now Germany),Schopfheim,Mainz,Germany
362,Dickinson W.,Richards,1956,Medicine,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1895-10-30,1973-02-23,male,Orange NJ,USA,US,Lakeville CT,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system""",USA,Orange NJ,USA,Lakeville CT,New York NY,USA
363,Daniel,Bovet,1957,Medicine,Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Chief Institute of Public Health),Rome,Italy,1907-03-23,1992-04-08,male,Neuchâtel,Switzerland,CH,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles""",Switzerland,Neuchâtel,Italy,Rome,Rome,Italy
364,George,Beadle,1958,Medicine,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1903-10-22,1989-06-09,male,Wahoo NE,USA,US,Pomona CA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",USA,Wahoo NE,USA,Pomona CA,Pasadena CA,USA
365,Edward,Tatum,1958,Medicine,Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research,New York NY,USA,1909-12-14,1975-11-05,male,Boulder CO,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events""",USA,Boulder CO,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
366,Joshua,Lederberg,1958,Medicine,University of Wisconsin,Madison WI,USA,1925-05-23,2008-02-02,male,Montclair NJ,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria""",USA,Montclair NJ,USA,New York NY,Madison WI,USA
367,Severo,Ochoa,1959,Medicine,New York University College of Medicine,New York NY,USA,1905-09-24,1993-11-01,male,Luarca,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",Spain,Luarca,Spain,Madrid,New York NY,USA
368,Arthur,Kornberg,1959,Medicine,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1918-03-03,2007-10-26,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid""",USA,Brooklyn NY,USA,Stanford CA,Stanford CA,USA
369,Sir Frank Macfarlane,Burnet,1960,Medicine,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research,Melbourne,Australia,1899-09-03,1985-08-31,male,Traralgon,Australia,AU,Melbourne,Australia,AU,NA,2,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",Australia,Traralgon,Australia,Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia
370,Peter,Medawar,1960,Medicine,University College,London,United Kingdom,1915-02-28,1987-10-02,male,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil,BR,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance""",Brazil,Rio de Janeiro,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
371,Georg,von Békésy,1961,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1899-06-03,1972-06-13,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Honolulu HI,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea""",Hungary,Budapest,USA,Honolulu HI,Cambridge MA,USA
372,Francis,Crick,1962,Medicine,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1916-06-08,2004-07-28,male,Northampton,United Kingdom,GB,San Diego CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",United Kingdom,Northampton,USA,San Diego CA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
373,James,Watson,1962,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1928-04-06,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
374,Maurice,Wilkins,1962,Medicine,London University,London,United Kingdom,1916-12-15,2004-10-05,male,Pongaroa,New Zealand,NZ,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material""",New Zealand,Pongaroa,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
375,Sir John,Eccles,1963,Medicine,Australian National University,Canberra,Australia,1903-01-27,1997-05-02,male,Melbourne,Australia,AU,Contra,Switzerland,CH,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",Australia,Melbourne,Switzerland,Contra,Canberra,Australia
376,Alan,Hodgkin,1963,Medicine,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1914-02-05,1998-12-20,male,Banbury,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",United Kingdom,Banbury,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
377,Andrew,Huxley,1963,Medicine,University College,London,United Kingdom,1917-11-22,2012-05-30,male,Hampstead,United Kingdom,GB,Grantchester,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane""",United Kingdom,Hampstead,United Kingdom,Grantchester,London,United Kingdom
378,Konrad,Bloch,1964,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1912-01-21,2000-10-15,male,Nysa,Poland,PL,Burlington MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",Germany (now Poland),Neisse (now Nysa),USA,Burlington MA,Cambridge MA,USA
379,Feodor,Lynen,1964,Medicine,Max-Planck-Institut für Zellchemie,Munich,Germany,1911-04-06,1979-08-06,male,Munich,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism""",Germany,Munich,Germany,Munich,Munich,Germany
380,François,Jacob,1965,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1920-06-17,2013-04-19,male,Nancy,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",France,Nancy,France,Paris,Paris,France
381,André,Lwoff,1965,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1902-05-08,1994-09-30,male,Ainay-le-Château,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",France,Ainay-le-Château,France,Paris,Paris,France
382,Jacques,Monod,1965,Medicine,Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1910-02-09,1976-05-31,male,Paris,France,FR,Cannes,France,FR,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis""",France,Paris,France,Cannes,Paris,France
383,Peyton,Rous,1966,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1879-10-05,1970-02-16,male,Baltimore MD,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses""",USA,Baltimore MD,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
384,Charles B.,Huggins,1966,Medicine,University of Chicago Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research,Chicago IL,USA,1901-09-22,1997-01-12,male,Halifax,Canada,CA,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer""",Canada,Halifax,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
385,Ragnar,Granit,1967,Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,1900-10-30,1991-03-12,male,Helsinki,Finland,FI,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",Russian Empire (now Finland),Helsinki,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
386,Keffer,Hartline,1967,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1903-12-22,1983-03-17,male,Bloomsburg PA,USA,US,Fallston MD,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",USA,Bloomsburg PA,USA,Fallston MD,New York NY,USA
387,George,Wald,1967,Medicine,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1906-11-18,1997-04-12,male,New York NY,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye""",USA,New York NY,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
388,Robert W.,Holley,1968,Medicine,Cornell University,Ithaca NY,USA,1922-01-28,1993-02-11,male,Urbana IL,USA,US,Los Gatos CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",USA,Urbana IL,USA,Los Gatos CA,Ithaca NY,USA
389,H. Gobind,Khorana,1968,Medicine,University of Wisconsin,Madison WI,USA,1922-01-09,2011-11-09,male,Raipur,India,IN,Concord MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",India,Raipur,USA,Concord MA,Madison WI,USA
390,Marshall W.,Nirenberg,1968,Medicine,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda MD,USA,1927-04-10,2010-01-15,male,New York NY,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis""",USA,New York NY,USA,New York NY,Bethesda MD,USA
391,Max,Delbrück,1969,Medicine,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1906-09-04,1981-03-09,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",Germany,Berlin,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
392,Alfred D.,Hershey,1969,Medicine,Carnegie Institution of Washington,Long Island New York NY,USA,1908-12-04,1997-05-22,male,Owosso MI,USA,US,Syosset NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",USA,Owosso MI,USA,Syosset NY,Long Island New York NY,USA
393,Salvador E.,Luria,1969,Medicine,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1912-08-13,1991-02-06,male,Torino,Italy,IT,Lexington MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses""",Italy,Torino,USA,Lexington MA,Cambridge MA,USA
394,Sir Bernard,Katz,1970,Medicine,University College,London,United Kingdom,1911-03-26,2003-04-20,male,Leipzig,Germany,DE,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation""",Germany,Leipzig,United Kingdom,London,London,United Kingdom
395,Ulf,von Euler,1970,Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,1905-02-07,1983-03-09,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation""",Sweden,Stockholm,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
396,Julius,Axelrod,1970,Medicine,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda MD,USA,1912-05-30,2004-12-29,male,New York NY,USA,US,Rockville MD,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage release and inactivation""",USA,New York NY,USA,Rockville MD,Bethesda MD,USA
397,Earl W.,Sutherland Jr.,1971,Medicine,Vanderbilt University,Nashville TN,USA,1915-11-19,1974-03-09,male,Burlingame KS,USA,US,Miami FL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones""",USA,Burlingame KS,USA,Miami FL,Nashville TN,USA
398,Gerald M.,Edelman,1972,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1929-07-01,2014-05-17,male,New York NY,USA,US,La Jolla CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",USA,New York NY,USA,La Jolla CA,New York NY,USA
399,Rodney R.,Porter,1972,Medicine,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1917-10-08,1985-09-06,male,Newton-le-Willows,United Kingdom,GB,Winchester,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies""",United Kingdom,Newton-le-Willows,United Kingdom,Winchester,Oxford,United Kingdom
400,Karl,von Frisch,1973,Medicine,Zoologisches Institut der Universität München,Munich,Germany,1886-11-20,1982-06-12,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",Austria,Vienna,West Germany (now Germany),Munich,Munich,Germany
401,Konrad,Lorenz,1973,Medicine,Konrad-Lorenz-Institut der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen­schaften Forschungsstelle für Ethologie,Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal,Austria,1903-11-07,1989-02-27,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",Austria,Vienna,Austria,Vienna,Altenberg; Grünau im Almtal,Austria
402,Nikolaas,Tinbergen,1973,Medicine,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom,1907-04-15,1988-12-21,male,the Hague,Netherlands,NL,Oxford,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns""",the Netherlands,the Hague,United Kingdom,Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom
403,Albert,Claude,1974,Medicine,Université Catholique de Louvain,Louvain,Belgium,1898-08-24,1983-05-22,male,Longlier,Belgium,BE,Brussels,Belgium,BE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",Belgium,Longlier,Belgium,Brussels,Louvain,Belgium
404,Christian,de Duve,1974,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1917-10-02,2013-05-04,male,Thames Ditton,United Kingdom,GB,Nethen,Belgium,BE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",United Kingdom,Thames Ditton,Belgium,Nethen,New York NY,USA
405,George E.,Palade,1974,Medicine,Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven CT,USA,1912-11-19,2008-10-07,male,Lasi,Romania,RO,Del Mar CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell""",Romania,Lasi,USA,Del Mar CA,New Haven CT,USA
406,David,Baltimore,1975,Medicine,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1938-03-07,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
407,Renato,Dulbecco,1975,Medicine,Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory,London,United Kingdom,1914-02-22,2012-02-19,male,Catanzaro,Italy,IT,La Jolla CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",Italy,Catanzaro,USA,La Jolla CA,London,United Kingdom
408,Howard M.,Temin,1975,Medicine,University of Wisconsin,Madison WI,USA,1934-12-10,1994-02-09,male,Philadelphia PA,USA,US,Madison WI,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell""",USA,Philadelphia PA,USA,Madison WI,Madison WI,USA
409,Baruch S.,Blumberg,1976,Medicine,The Institute for Cancer Research,Philadelphia PA,USA,1925-07-28,2011-04-05,male,New York NY,USA,US,Moffett Field CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",USA,New York NY,USA,Moffett Field CA,Philadelphia PA,USA
410,D. Carleton,Gajdusek,1976,Medicine,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda MD,USA,1923-09-09,2008-12-12,male,Yonkers NY,USA,US,Tromsø,Norway,NO,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases""",USA,Yonkers NY,Norway,Tromsø,Bethesda MD,USA
411,Roger,Guillemin,1977,Medicine,The Salk Institute,San Diego CA,USA,1924-01-11,NA,male,Dijon,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",France,Dijon,NA,NA,San Diego CA,USA
412,Andrew V.,Schally,1977,Medicine,Veterans Administration Hospital,New Orleans LA,USA,1926-11-30,NA,male,Vilnius,Lithuania,LT,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain""",Poland (now Lithuania),Wilno (now Vilnius),NA,NA,New Orleans LA,USA
413,Rosalyn,Yalow,1977,Medicine,Veterans Administration Hospital,Bronx NY,USA,1921-07-19,2011-05-30,female,New York NY,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones""",USA,New York NY,USA,New York NY,Bronx NY,USA
414,Werner,Arber,1978,Medicine,Biozentrum der Universität,Basel,Switzerland,1929-06-03,NA,male,Gränichen,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",Switzerland,Gränichen,NA,NA,Basel,Switzerland
415,Daniel,Nathans,1978,Medicine,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore MD,USA,1928-10-30,1999-11-16,male,Wilmington DE,USA,US,Baltimore MD,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",USA,Wilmington DE,USA,Baltimore MD,Baltimore MD,USA
416,Hamilton O.,Smith,1978,Medicine,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore MD,USA,1931-08-23,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Baltimore MD,USA
417,Allan M.,Cormack,1979,Medicine,Tufts University,Medford MA,USA,1924-02-23,1998-05-07,male,Johannesburg,South Africa,ZA,Winchester MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",South Africa,Johannesburg,USA,Winchester MA,Medford MA,USA
418,Godfrey N.,Hounsfield,1979,Medicine,Central Research Laboratories EMI,London,United Kingdom,1919-08-28,2004-08-12,male,Newark,United Kingdom,GB,Kingston upon Thames,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for the development of computer assisted tomography""",United Kingdom,Newark,United Kingdom,Kingston upon Thames,London,United Kingdom
419,Baruj,Benacerraf,1980,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1920-10-29,2011-08-02,male,Caracas,Venezuela,VE,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",Venezuela,Caracas,USA,Boston MA,Boston MA,USA
420,Jean,Dausset,1980,Medicine,Université de Paris Laboratoire Immuno-Hématologie,Paris,France,1916-10-19,2009-06-06,male,Toulouse,France,FR,Palma Majorca,Spain,ES,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",France,Toulouse,Spain,Palma Majorca,Paris,France
421,George D.,Snell,1980,Medicine,Jackson Laboratory,Bar Harbor ME,USA,1903-12-19,1996-06-06,male,Bradford MA,USA,US,Bar Harbor ME,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions""",USA,Bradford MA,USA,Bar Harbor ME,Bar Harbor ME,USA
422,Roger W.,Sperry,1981,Medicine,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1913-08-20,1994-04-17,male,Hartford CT,USA,US,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres""",USA,Hartford CT,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
423,David H.,Hubel,1981,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1926-02-27,2013-09-22,male,Windsor ON,Canada,CA,Lincoln MA,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",Canada,Windsor ON,USA,Lincoln MA,Boston MA,USA
424,Torsten N.,Wiesel,1981,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1924-06-03,NA,male,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system""",Sweden,Uppsala,NA,NA,Boston MA,USA
425,Sune K.,Bergström,1982,Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,1916-01-10,2004-08-15,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",Sweden,Stockholm,Sweden,Stockholm,Stockholm,Sweden
426,Bengt I.,Samuelsson,1982,Medicine,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden,1934-05-21,NA,male,Halmstad,Sweden,SE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",Sweden,Halmstad,NA,NA,Stockholm,Sweden
427,John R.,Vane,1982,Medicine,The Wellcome Research Laboratories,Beckenham,United Kingdom,1927-03-29,2004-11-19,male,Tardebigg,United Kingdom,GB,Farnborough,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances""",United Kingdom,Tardebigg,United Kingdom,Farnborough,Beckenham,United Kingdom
428,Barbara,McClintock,1983,Medicine,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor NY,USA,1902-06-16,1992-09-02,female,Hartford CT,USA,US,Huntington NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for her discovery of mobile genetic elements""",USA,Hartford CT,USA,Huntington NY,Cold Spring Harbor NY,USA
429,Niels K.,Jerne,1984,Medicine,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,1911-12-23,1994-10-07,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Castillon-du-Gard,France,FR,NA,3,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",United Kingdom,London,France,Castillon-du-Gard,Basel,Switzerland
430,Georges J.F.,Köhler,1984,Medicine,Basel Institute for Immunology,Basel,Switzerland,1946-04-17,1995-03-01,male,Munich,Germany,DE,Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany,DE,NA,3,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",Germany,Munich,Germany,Freiburg im Breisgau,Basel,Switzerland
431,César,Milstein,1984,Medicine,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1927-10-08,2002-03-24,male,Bahia Blanca,Argentina,AR,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,3,"""for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies""",Argentina,Bahia Blanca,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
432,Michael S.,Brown,1985,Medicine,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,Dallas TX,USA,1941-04-13,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Dallas TX,USA
433,Joseph L.,Goldstein,1985,Medicine,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,Dallas TX,USA,1940-04-18,NA,male,Sumter SC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism""",USA,Sumter SC,NA,NA,Dallas TX,USA
434,Stanley,Cohen,1986,Medicine,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine,Nashville TN,USA,1922-11-17,NA,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",USA,Brooklyn NY,NA,NA,Nashville TN,USA
435,Rita,Levi-Montalcini,1986,Medicine,Institute of Cell Biology of the C.N.R.,Rome,Italy,1909-04-22,2012-12-30,female,Turin,Italy,IT,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of growth factors""",Italy,Turin,Italy,Rome,Rome,Italy
436,Susumu,Tonegawa,1987,Medicine,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1939-09-05,NA,male,Nagoya,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity""",Japan,Nagoya,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
437,Sir James W.,Black,1988,Medicine,London University King's College Hospital Medical School,London,United Kingdom,1924-06-14,2010-03-21,male,Uddingston,Scotland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",Scotland,Uddingston,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom
438,Gertrude B.,Elion,1988,Medicine,Wellcome Research Laboratories,Research Triangle Park NC,USA,1918-01-23,1999-02-21,female,New York NY,USA,US,Chapel Hill NC,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",USA,New York NY,USA,Chapel Hill NC,Research Triangle Park NC,USA
439,George H.,Hitchings,1988,Medicine,Wellcome Research Laboratories,Research Triangle Park NC,USA,1905-04-18,1998-02-27,male,Hoquiam WA,USA,US,Chapel Hill NC,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment""",USA,Hoquiam WA,USA,Chapel Hill NC,Research Triangle Park NC,USA
440,J. Michael,Bishop,1989,Medicine,University of California School of Medicine,San Francisco CA,USA,1936-02-22,NA,male,York PA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",USA,York PA,NA,NA,San Francisco CA,USA
441,Harold E.,Varmus,1989,Medicine,University of California School of Medicine,San Francisco CA,USA,1939-12-18,NA,male,Oceanside NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes""",USA,Oceanside NY,NA,NA,San Francisco CA,USA
442,Joseph E.,Murray,1990,Medicine,Brigham and Women's Hospital,Boston MA,USA,1919-04-01,2012-11-26,male,Milford MA,USA,US,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",USA,Milford MA,USA,Boston MA,Boston MA,USA
443,E. Donnall,Thomas,1990,Medicine,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,Seattle WA,USA,1920-03-15,2012-10-20,male,Mart TX,USA,US,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease""",USA,Mart TX,USA,Seattle WA,Seattle WA,USA
444,Erwin,Neher,1991,Medicine,Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie,Göttingen,Germany,1944-03-20,NA,male,Landsberg,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",Germany,Landsberg,NA,NA,Göttingen,Germany
445,Bert,Sakmann,1991,Medicine,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung,Heidelberg,Germany,1942-06-12,NA,male,Stuttgart,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells""",Germany,Stuttgart,NA,NA,Heidelberg,Germany
446,Edmond H.,Fischer,1992,Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle WA,USA,1920-04-06,NA,male,Shanghai,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",China,Shanghai,NA,NA,Seattle WA,USA
447,Edwin G.,Krebs,1992,Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle WA,USA,1918-06-06,2009-12-21,male,Lansing IA,USA,US,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism""",USA,Lansing IA,USA,Seattle WA,Seattle WA,USA
448,Richard J.,Roberts,1993,Medicine,New England Biolabs,Beverly MA,USA,1943-09-06,NA,male,Derby,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",United Kingdom,Derby,NA,NA,Beverly MA,USA
449,Phillip A.,Sharp,1993,Medicine,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Cancer Research,Cambridge MA,USA,1944-06-06,NA,male,Falmouth KY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of split genes""",USA,Falmouth KY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
450,Alfred G.,Gilman,1994,Medicine,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,Dallas TX,USA,1941-07-01,2015-12-23,male,New Haven CT,USA,US,Dallas TX,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",USA,New Haven CT,USA,Dallas TX,Dallas TX,USA
451,Martin,Rodbell,1994,Medicine,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Research Triangle Park NC,USA,1925-12-01,1998-12-07,male,Baltimore MD,USA,US,Chapel Hill NC,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells""",USA,Baltimore MD,USA,Chapel Hill NC,Research Triangle Park NC,USA
452,Edward B.,Lewis,1995,Medicine,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1918-05-20,2004-07-21,male,Wilkes-Barre PA,USA,US,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",USA,Wilkes-Barre PA,USA,Pasadena CA,Pasadena CA,USA
453,Christiane,Nüsslein-Volhard,1995,Medicine,Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie,Tübingen,Germany,1942-10-20,NA,female,Magdeburg,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",Germany,Magdeburg,NA,NA,Tübingen,Germany
454,Eric F.,Wieschaus,1995,Medicine,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1947-06-08,NA,male,South Bend IN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development""",USA,South Bend IN,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
455,Peter C.,Doherty,1996,Medicine,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,Memphis TN,USA,1940-10-15,NA,male,Brisbane,Australia,AU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",Australia,Brisbane,NA,NA,Memphis TN,USA
456,Rolf M.,Zinkernagel,1996,Medicine,University of Zurich Institute of Experimental Immunology,Zurich,Switzerland,1944-01-06,NA,male,Basel,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence""",Switzerland,Basel,NA,NA,Zurich,Switzerland
457,Stanley B.,Prusiner,1997,Medicine,University of California School of Medicine,San Francisco CA,USA,1942-05-28,NA,male,Des Moines IA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection""",USA,Des Moines IA,NA,NA,San Francisco CA,USA
458,Robert F.,Furchgott,1998,Medicine,SUNY Health Science Center,Brooklyn NY,USA,1916-06-04,2009-05-19,male,Charleston SC,USA,US,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",USA,Charleston SC,USA,Seattle WA,Brooklyn NY,USA
459,Louis J.,Ignarro,1998,Medicine,University of California School of Medicine,Los Angeles CA,USA,1941-05-31,NA,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",USA,Brooklyn NY,NA,NA,Los Angeles CA,USA
460,Ferid,Murad,1998,Medicine,University of Texas Medical School at Houston,Houston TX,USA,1936-09-14,NA,male,Whiting IN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system""",USA,Whiting IN,NA,NA,Houston TX,USA
461,Günter,Blobel,1999,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1936-05-21,2018-02-18,male,Niegoslawice,Poland,PL,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell""",Germany (now Poland),Waltersdorf (now Niegoslawice),USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
462,Henry,Dunant,1901,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1828-05-08,1910-10-30,male,Geneva,Switzerland,CH,Heiden,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding""",Switzerland,Geneva,Switzerland,Heiden,NA,NA
463,Frédéric,Passy,1901,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1822-05-20,1912-06-12,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""for his lifelong work for international peace conferences diplomacy and arbitration""",France,Paris,France,Paris,NA,NA
464,Élie,Ducommun,1902,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1833-02-19,1906-12-07,male,Geneva,Switzerland,CH,Bern,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his untiring and skilful directorship of the Bern Peace Bureau""",Switzerland,Geneva,Switzerland,Bern,NA,NA
465,Albert,Gobat,1902,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1843-05-21,1914-03-16,male,Tramelan,Switzerland,CH,Bern,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for his eminently practical administration of the Inter-Parliamentary Union""",Switzerland,Tramelan,Switzerland,Bern,NA,NA
466,Randal,Cremer,1903,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1828-03-18,1908-07-22,male,Fareham,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his longstanding and devoted effort in favour of the ideas of peace and arbitration""",United Kingdom,Fareham,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
467,Institute of International Law,NA,1904,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its striving in public law to develop peaceful ties between nations and to make the laws of war more humane""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
468,Bertha,von Suttner,1905,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1843-06-09,1914-06-21,female,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,1,"""for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war""",Austrian Empire (now Czech Republic),Prague,Austria,Vienna,NA,NA
470,Theodore,Roosevelt,1906,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1858-10-27,1919-01-06,male,New York NY,USA,US,Oyster Bay NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his role in bringing to an end the bloody war recently waged between two of the world's great powers Japan and Russia""",USA,New York NY,USA,Oyster Bay NY,NA,NA
471,Ernesto Teodoro,Moneta,1907,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1833-09-20,1918-02-10,male,Milan,Italy,IT,Milan,Italy,IT,NA,2,"""for his work in the press and in peace meetings both public and private for an understanding between France and Italy""",Austrian Empire (now Italy),Milan,Italy,Milan,NA,NA
472,Louis,Renault,1907,Peace,Sorbonne University,Paris,France,1843-05-21,1918-02-08,male,Autun,France,FR,Barbizon,France,FR,NA,2,"""for his decisive influence upon the conduct and outcome of the Hague and Geneva Conferences""",France,Autun,France,Barbizon,Paris,France
473,Klas Pontus,Arnoldson,1908,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1844-10-27,1916-02-20,male,Gothenburg,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors""",Sweden,Gothenburg,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
474,Fredrik,Bajer,1908,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1837-04-21,1922-01-22,male,Næstved,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,2,"""for their long time work for the cause of peace as politicians peace society leaders orators and authors""",Denmark,Næstved,Denmark,Copenhagen,NA,NA
475,Auguste,Beernaert,1909,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1829-07-26,1912-10-06,male,Ostend,Belgium,BE,Lucerne,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration""",Belgium,Ostend,Switzerland,Lucerne,NA,NA
476,Paul Henri,d'Estournelles de Constant,1909,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1852-11-22,1924-05-15,male,La Flèche,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""for their prominent position in the international movement for peace and arbitration""",France,La Flèche,France,Paris,NA,NA
477,Permanent International Peace Bureau,NA,1910,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
478,Tobias,Asser,1911,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1838-04-28,1913-07-29,male,Amsterdam,Netherlands,NL,the Hague,Netherlands,NL,NA,2,"""for his role as co-founder of the Institut de droit international initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law (Conférences de Droit international privé) at the Hague and pioneer in the field of international legal relations""",the Netherlands,Amsterdam,the Netherlands,the Hague,NA,NA
479,Alfred,Fried,1911,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1864-11-11,1921-05-05,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,2,"""for his effort to expose and fight what he considers to be the main cause of war namely the anarchy in international relations""",Austria,Vienna,Austria,Vienna,NA,NA
480,Elihu,Root,1912,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1845-02-15,1937-02-07,male,Clinton NY,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries""",USA,Clinton NY,USA,New York NY,NA,NA
481,Henri,La Fontaine,1913,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1854-04-22,1943-05-14,male,Brussels,Belgium,BE,Brussels,Belgium,BE,NA,1,"""for his unparalleled contribution to the organization of peaceful internationalism""",Belgium,Brussels,Belgium,Brussels,NA,NA
482,International Committee of the Red Cross,NA,1917,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
482,International Committee of the Red Cross,NA,1944,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
482,International Committee of the Red Cross,NA,1963,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
483,Woodrow,Wilson,1919,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1856-12-28,1924-02-03,male,Staunton VA,USA,US,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his role as founder of the League of Nations""",USA,Staunton VA,USA,Washington DC,NA,NA
484,Léon,Bourgeois,1920,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1851-05-21,1925-09-29,male,Paris,France,FR,Épernay,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his longstanding contribution to the cause of peace and justice and his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations""",France,Paris,France,Épernay,NA,NA
485,Hjalmar,Branting,1921,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1860-11-23,1925-02-24,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism""",Sweden,Stockholm,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
486,Christian,Lange,1921,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1869-09-17,1938-12-11,male,Stavanger,Norway,NO,Oslo,Norway,NO,NA,2,"""for their lifelong contributions to the cause of peace and organized internationalism""",Norway,Stavanger,Norway,Oslo,NA,NA
487,Fridtjof,Nansen,1922,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1861-10-10,1930-05-13,male,Oslo,Norway,NO,Oslo,Norway,NO,NA,1,"""for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees""",Norway,Kristiania (now Oslo),Norway,Oslo,NA,NA
488,Sir Austen,Chamberlain,1925,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1863-10-16,1937-03-16,male,Birmingham,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for his crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty""",United Kingdom,Birmingham,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
489,Charles G.,Dawes,1925,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1865-08-27,1951-04-23,male,Marietta OH,USA,US,Evanston IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his crucial role in bringing about the Dawes Plan""",USA,Marietta OH,USA,Evanston IL,NA,NA
490,Aristide,Briand,1926,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1862-03-28,1932-03-07,male,Nantes,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,2,"""for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty""",France,Nantes,France,Paris,NA,NA
491,Gustav,Stresemann,1926,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1878-05-10,1929-10-03,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their crucial role in bringing about the Locarno Treaty""",Germany,Berlin,Germany,Berlin,NA,NA
492,Ferdinand,Buisson,1927,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1841-12-20,1932-02-16,male,Paris,France,FR,Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine,France,FR,NA,2,"""for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation""",France,Paris,France,Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine,NA,NA
493,Ludwig,Quidde,1927,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1858-03-23,1941-03-04,male,Bremen,Germany,DE,Geneva,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for their contribution to the emergence in France and Germany of a public opinion which favours peaceful international cooperation""",Germany,Bremen,Switzerland,Geneva,NA,NA
494,Frank B.,Kellogg,1929,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1856-12-22,1937-12-21,male,Potsdam NY,USA,US,St. Paul MN,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his crucial role in bringing about the Briand-Kellogg Pact""",USA,Potsdam NY,USA,St. Paul MN,NA,NA
495,Nathan,Söderblom,1930,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1866-01-15,1931-07-12,male,Trönö,Sweden,SE,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'""",Sweden,Trönö,Sweden,Uppsala,NA,NA
496,Jane,Addams,1931,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1860-09-06,1935-05-21,female,Cedarville IL,USA,US,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind""",USA,Cedarville IL,USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA
497,Nicholas Murray,Butler,1931,Peace,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1862-04-02,1947-12-07,male,Elizabeth NJ,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind""",USA,Elizabeth NJ,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
498,Sir Norman,Angell,1933,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1872-12-26,1967-10-07,male,Holbeach,United Kingdom,GB,Croydon,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for having exposed by his pen the illusion of war and presented a convincing plea for international cooperation and peace""",United Kingdom,Holbeach,United Kingdom,Croydon,NA,NA
499,Arthur,Henderson,1934,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1863-09-13,1935-10-20,male,Glasgow,Scotland,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his untiring struggle and his courageous efforts as Chairman of the League of Nations Disarmament Conference 1931-34""",Scotland,Glasgow,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
500,Carl,von Ossietzky,1935,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1889-10-03,1938-05-04,male,Hamburg,Germany,DE,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his burning love for freedom of thought and expression and his valuable contribution to the cause of peace""",Germany,Hamburg,Germany,Berlin,NA,NA
501,Carlos,Saavedra Lamas,1936,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1878-11-01,1959-05-05,male,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,NA,1,"""for his role as father of the Argentine Antiwar Pact of 1933 which he also used as a means to mediate peace between Paraguay and Bolivia in 1935""",Argentina,Buenos Aires,Argentina,Buenos Aires,NA,NA
502,Robert,Cecil,1937,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1864-09-14,1958-11-24,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Tunbridge Wells,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his tireless effort in support of the League of Nations disarmament and peace""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Tunbridge Wells,NA,NA
503,Nansen International Office for Refugees,NA,1938,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for having carried on the work of Fridtjof Nansen to the benefit of refugees across Europe""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
505,Cordell,Hull,1945,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1871-10-02,1955-07-23,male,Olympus TN,USA,US,Bethesda MD,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his indefatigable work for international understanding and his pivotal role in establishing the United Nations""",USA,Olympus TN,USA,Bethesda MD,NA,NA
506,Emily Greene,Balch,1946,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1867-01-08,1961-01-09,female,Boston MA,USA,US,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for her lifelong work for the cause of peace""",USA,Jamaica Plain MA (now Boston MA),USA,Cambridge MA,NA,NA
507,John R.,Mott,1946,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1865-05-25,1955-01-31,male,Livingston Manor NY,USA,US,NA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his contribution to the creation of a peace-promoting religious brotherhood across national boundaries""",USA,Livingston Manor NY,USA,NA,NA,NA
508,Friends Service Council,NA,1947,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
509,American Friends Service Committee,NA,1947,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering thereby promoting the fraternity between nations""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
510,Lord,Boyd Orr,1949,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1880-09-23,1971-06-25,male,Kilmaurs,Scotland,GB,Edzell,Scotland,GB,NA,1,"""for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war""",Scotland,Kilmaurs,Scotland,Edzell,NA,NA
511,Ralph,Bunche,1950,Peace,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1904-08-07,1971-12-09,male,Detroit MI,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his work as mediator in Palestine in 1948-1949""",USA,Detroit MI,USA,New York NY,Cambridge MA,USA
512,Léon,Jouhaux,1951,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1879-07-01,1954-04-28,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for having devoted his life to the fight against war through the promotion of social justice and brotherhood among men and nations""",France,Paris,France,Paris,NA,NA
513,Albert,Schweitzer,1952,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1875-01-14,1965-09-04,male,Kaysersberg,France,FR,Lambaréné,Gabon,GA,NA,1,"""for his altruism reverence for life and tireless humanitarian work  which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one""",Germany (now France),Kaysersberg,Gabon,Lambaréné,NA,NA
514,George C.,Marshall,1953,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1880-12-31,1959-10-16,male,Uniontown PA,USA,US,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,1,"""for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe""",USA,Uniontown PA,USA,Washington DC,NA,NA
515,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,NA,1954,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its efforts to heal the wounds of war by providing help and protection to refugees all over the world""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
515,Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,NA,1981,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for promoting the fundamental rights of refugees""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
516,Lester Bowles,Pearson,1957,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1897-04-23,1972-12-27,male,Toronto,Canada,CA,Ottawa,Canada,CA,NA,1,"""for his crucial contribution to the deployment of a United Nations Emergency Force in the wake of the Suez Crisis""",Canada,Toronto,Canada,Ottawa,NA,NA
517,Georges,Pire,1958,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1910-02-10,1969-01-30,male,Dinant,Belgium,BE,Leuven,Belgium,BE,NA,1,"""for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity""",Belgium,Dinant,Belgium,Leuven,NA,NA
518,Philip,Noel-Baker,1959,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1889-11-01,1982-10-08,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his longstanding contribution to the cause of disarmament and peace""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
519,Albert,Luthuli,1960,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,1967-07-21,male,Bulawayo,Zimbabwe,ZW,Stanger,South Africa,ZA,NA,1,"""for his non-violent struggle against apartheid""",Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe),Bulawayo,South Africa,Stanger,NA,NA
520,Dag,Hammarskjöld,1961,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1905-07-29,1961-09-18,male,Jönköping,Sweden,SE,Ndola,Zambia,ZM,NA,1,"""for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter""",Sweden,Jönköping,Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia),Ndola,NA,NA
523,League of Red Cross Societies,NA,1963,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for promoting the principles of the Geneva Convention and cooperation with the UN""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
524,Martin Luther,King Jr.,1964,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1929-01-15,1968-04-04,male,Atlanta GA,USA,US,Memphis TN,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population""",USA,Atlanta GA,USA,Memphis TN,NA,NA
525,United Nations Children's Fund,NA,1965,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its effort to enhance solidarity between nations and reduce the difference between rich and poor states""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
526,René,Cassin,1968,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1887-10-05,1976-02-20,male,Bayonne,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his struggle to ensure the rights of man as stipulated in the UN Declaration""",France,Bayonne,France,Paris,NA,NA
527,International Labour Organization,NA,1969,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for creating international legislation insuring certain norms for working conditions in every country""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
528,Norman,Borlaug,1970,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1914-03-25,2009-09-12,male,Cresco IA,USA,US,Dallas TX,USA,US,NA,1,"""for having given a well-founded hope - the green revolution""",USA,Cresco IA,USA,Dallas TX,NA,NA
529,Willy,Brandt,1971,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1913-12-18,1992-10-08,male,Lübeck,Germany,DE,Unkel,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for paving the way for a meaningful dialogue between East and West""",Germany,Lübeck,Germany,Unkel,NA,NA
530,Henry,Kissinger,1973,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1923-05-27,NA,male,Fürth,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973""",Germany,Fürth,NA,NA,NA,NA
531,Le Duc Tho,NA,1973,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1911-10-14,1990-10-13,male,Nam Ha province,Vietnam,VN,Hanoi,Vietnam,VN,NA,2,"""for jointly having negotiated a cease fire in Vietnam in 1973""",Vietnam,Nam Ha province,Vietnam,Hanoi,NA,NA
532,Seán,MacBride,1974,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1904-01-26,1988-01-15,male,Paris,France,FR,Dublin,Ireland,IE,NA,2,"""for his efforts to secure and develop human rights throughout the world""",France,Paris,Ireland,Dublin,NA,NA
533,Eisaku,Sato,1974,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1901-03-27,1975-06-03,male,Tabuse,Japan,JP,Tokyo,Japan,JP,NA,2,"""for his contribution to stabilize conditions in the Pacific rim area and for signing the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty""",Japan,Tabuse,Japan,Tokyo,NA,NA
534,Andrei,Sakharov,1975,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1921-05-21,1989-12-14,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""for his struggle for human rights in the Soviet Union for disarmament and cooperation between all nations""",Russia,Moscow,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,NA,NA
535,Betty,Williams,1976,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1943-05-22,NA,female,Belfast,Northern Ireland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland""",Northern Ireland,Belfast,NA,NA,NA,NA
536,Mairead,Corrigan,1976,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1944-01-27,NA,female,Belfast,Northern Ireland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland""",Northern Ireland,Belfast,NA,NA,NA,NA
537,Amnesty International,NA,1977,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for worldwide respect for human rights""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
538,Anwar,al-Sadat,1978,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1918-12-25,1981-10-06,male,Mit Abu al-Kawm,Egypt,EG,Cairo,Egypt,EG,NA,2,"""for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978""",Egypt,Mit Abu al-Kawm,Egypt,Cairo,NA,NA
539,Menachem,Begin,1978,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1913-08-16,1992-03-09,male,Brest Litovsk,Belarus,BY,Tel Aviv,Israel,IL,NA,2,"""for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978""",Russian Empire (now Belarus),Brest Litovsk,Israel,Tel Aviv,NA,NA
540,Anjezë Gonxhe,Bojaxhiu,1979,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1910-08-26,1997-09-05,female,Skopje,North Macedonia,MK,Calcutta,India,IN,NA,1,"""for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity""",Ottoman Empire (now North Macedonia),Uskup (now Skopje),India,Calcutta,NA,NA
541,Adolfo,Pérez Esquivel,1980,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1931-11-26,NA,male,Buenos Aires,Argentina,AR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for being a source of inspiration to repressed people especially in Latin America""",Argentina,Buenos Aires,NA,NA,NA,NA
543,Alva,Myrdal,1982,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1902-01-31,1986-02-01,female,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones""",Sweden,Uppsala,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
544,Alfonso,García Robles,1982,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1911-03-20,1991-09-02,male,Zamora,Mexico,MX,Mexico City,Mexico,MX,NA,2,"""for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones""",Mexico,Zamora,Mexico,Mexico City,NA,NA
545,Lech,Walesa,1983,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1943-09-29,NA,male,Popowo,Poland,PL,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for non-violent struggle for free trade unions and human rights in Poland""",Poland,Popowo,NA,NA,NA,NA
546,Desmond,Tutu,1984,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1931-10-07,NA,male,Klerksdorp,South Africa,ZA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his role as a unifying leader figure in the non-violent campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in  South Africa""",South Africa,Klerksdorp,NA,NA,NA,NA
547,International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,NA,1985,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for spreading authoritative information and by creating awareness of the catastrophic consequences of  nuclear  war""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
548,Elie,Wiesel,1986,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1928-09-30,2016-07-02,male,Sighet,Romania,RO,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for being a messenger to mankind: his message is one of peace atonement and dignity""",Romania,Sighet,USA,New York NY,NA,NA
549,Oscar,Arias Sánchez,1987,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1940-09-13,NA,male,Heredia,Costa Rica,CR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his work for lasting peace in Central America""",Costa Rica,Heredia,NA,NA,NA,NA
550,United Nations Peacekeeping Forces,NA,1988,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for preventing armed clashes and creating conditions for negotiations""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
551,Lhamo,Thondup,1989,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1935-07-06,NA,male,Taktser,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people""",Tibet (now China),Taktser,NA,NA,NA,NA
552,Mikhail,Gorbachev,1990,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1931-03-02,NA,male,Privolnoye,Russia,RU,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the leading role he played in the radical changes in East-West relations""",USSR (now Russia),Privolnoye,NA,NA,NA,NA
553,Aung San Suu Kyi,NA,1991,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1945-06-19,NA,female,Yangon,Myanmar,MM,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights""",Burma (now Myanmar),Rangoon (now Yangon),NA,NA,NA,NA
554,Rigoberta,Menchú Tum,1992,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1959-01-09,NA,female,Aldea Chimel,Guatemala,GT,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for her struggle for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples""",Guatemala,Aldea Chimel,NA,NA,NA,NA
555,Nelson,Mandela,1993,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1918-07-18,2013-12-05,male,Qunu,South Africa,ZA,Johannesburg,South Africa,ZA,NA,2,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new  democratic South Africa""",South Africa,Qunu,South Africa,Johannesburg,NA,NA
556,F.W.,de Klerk,1993,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1936-03-18,NA,male,Johannesburg,South Africa,ZA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime and for laying the foundations for a new  democratic South Africa""",South Africa,Johannesburg,NA,NA,NA,NA
557,Yasser,Arafat,1994,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1929-08-24,2004-11-11,male,Cairo,Egypt,EG,Paris,France,FR,NA,3,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",Egypt,Cairo,France,Paris,NA,NA
558,Shimon,Peres,1994,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1923-08-16,2016-09-28,male,Vishneva,Belarus,BY,Tel Aviv,Israel,IL,NA,3,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",Poland (now Belarus),Vishneva,Israel,Tel Aviv,NA,NA
559,Yitzhak,Rabin,1994,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1922-03-01,1995-11-04,male,Jerusalem,Israel,IL,Tel Aviv,Israel,IL,NA,3,"""for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East""",British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel),Jerusalem,Israel,Tel Aviv,NA,NA
560,Joseph,Rotblat,1995,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1908-11-04,2005-08-31,male,Warsaw,Poland,PL,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms""",Russian Empire (now Poland),Warsaw,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
561,Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs,NA,1995,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
562,Carlos Filipe Ximenes,Belo,1996,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1948-02-03,NA,male,Wailacama,East Timor,TL,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",East Timor,Wailacama,NA,NA,NA,NA
563,José,Ramos-Horta,1996,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1949-12-26,NA,male,Dili,East Timor,TL,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor""",East Timor,Dili,NA,NA,NA,NA
564,International Campaign to Ban Landmines,NA,1997,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to ban and remove anti-personnel landmines""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
565,Jody,Williams,1997,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1950-10-09,NA,female,Putney VT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines""",USA,Putney VT,NA,NA,NA,NA
566,John,Hume,1998,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1937-01-18,NA,male,Londonderry,Northern Ireland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",Northern Ireland,Londonderry,NA,NA,NA,NA
567,David,Trimble,1998,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1944-10-15,NA,male,Belfast,Northern Ireland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland""",Northern Ireland,Belfast,NA,NA,NA,NA
568,Médecins Sans Frontières,NA,1999,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""in recognition of the organisation'’s pioneering humanitarian work on several continents""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
569,Sully,Prudhomme,1901,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1839-03-16,1907-09-07,male,Paris,France,FR,Châtenay,France,FR,NA,1,"""in special recognition of his poetic composition which gives evidence of lofty idealism artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect""",France,Paris,France,Châtenay,NA,NA
571,Theodor,Mommsen,1902,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1817-11-30,1903-11-01,male,Garding,Germany,DE,Charlottenburg,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""the greatest living master of the art of historical writing with special reference to his monumental work <I>A history of Rome</I>""",Schleswig (now Germany),Garding,Germany,Charlottenburg,NA,NA
572,Bjørnstjerne,Bjørnson,1903,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1832-12-08,1910-04-26,male,Kvikne,Norway,NO,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""as a tribute to his noble magnificent and versatile poetry which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit""",Norway,Kvikne,France,Paris,NA,NA
573,Frédéric,Mistral,1904,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1830-09-08,1914-03-25,male,Maillane,France,FR,Maillane,France,FR,NA,2,"""in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people and in addition his significant work as a Proven&ccedil;al philologist""",France,Maillane,France,Maillane,NA,NA
574,José,Echegaray,1904,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1832-04-19,1916-09-04,male,Madrid,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,2,"""in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which in an individual and original manner have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama""",Spain,Madrid,Spain,Madrid,NA,NA
575,Henryk,Sienkiewicz,1905,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1846-05-05,1916-11-15,male,Wola Okrzejska,Poland,PL,Vevey,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer""",Poland,Wola Okrzejska,Switzerland,Vevey,NA,NA
576,Giosuè,Carducci,1906,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1835-07-27,1907-02-16,male,Val di Castello,Italy,IT,Bologna,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research but above all as a tribute to the creative energy freshness of style and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces""",Tuscany (now Italy),Val di Castello,Italy,Bologna,NA,NA
577,Rudyard,Kipling,1907,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1865-12-30,1936-01-18,male,Bombay,India,IN,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""in consideration of the power of observation originality of imagination virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author""",British India (now India),Bombay,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
578,Rudolf,Eucken,1908,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1846-01-05,1926-09-14,male,Aurich,Germany,DE,Jena,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his earnest search for truth his penetrating power of thought his wide range of vision and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life""",East Friesland (now Germany),Aurich,Germany,Jena,NA,NA
579,Selma,Lagerlöf,1909,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1858-11-20,1940-03-16,female,Mårbacka,Sweden,SE,Mårbacka,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""in appreciation of the lofty idealism vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings""",Sweden,Mårbacka,Sweden,Mårbacka,NA,NA
580,Paul,Heyse,1910,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1830-03-15,1914-04-02,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,Munich,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""as a tribute to the consummate artistry permeated with idealism which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet dramatist novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories""",Prussia (now Germany),Berlin,Germany,Munich,NA,NA
581,Maurice,Maeterlinck,1911,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1862-08-29,1949-05-06,male,Ghent,Belgium,BE,Nice,France,FR,NA,1,"""in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities and especially of his dramatic works which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy which reveals sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale a deep inspiration while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations""",Belgium,Ghent,France,Nice,NA,NA
582,Gerhart,Hauptmann,1912,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1862-11-15,1946-06-06,male,Bad Salzbrunn,Germany,DE,Jagniatków,Poland,PL,NA,1,"""primarily in recognition of his fruitful varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art""",Prussia (now Germany),Bad Salzbrunn,Germany (now Poland),Agnetendorf (now Jagniatków),NA,NA
583,Rabindranath,Tagore,1913,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1861-05-07,1941-08-07,male,Calcutta,India,IN,Calcutta,India,IN,NA,1,"""because of his profoundly sensitive fresh and beautiful verse by which with consummate skill he has made his poetic thought expressed in his own English words a part of the literature of the West""",India,Calcutta,India,Calcutta,NA,NA
584,Romain,Rolland,1915,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1866-01-29,1944-12-30,male,Clamecy,France,FR,Vézelay,France,FR,NA,1,"""as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings""",France,Clamecy,France,Vézelay,NA,NA
585,Verner,von Heidenstam,1916,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1859-07-06,1940-05-20,male,Olshammar,Sweden,SE,Övralid,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature""",Sweden,Olshammar,Sweden,Övralid,NA,NA
586,Karl,Gjellerup,1917,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1857-06-02,1919-10-11,male,Roholte,Denmark,DK,Klotzsche,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for his varied and rich poetry which is inspired by lofty ideals""",Denmark,Roholte,Germany,Klotzsche,NA,NA
587,Henrik,Pontoppidan,1917,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1857-07-24,1943-08-21,male,Fredericia,Denmark,DK,Ordrup,Denmark,DK,NA,2,"""for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark""",Denmark,Fredericia,Denmark,Ordrup,NA,NA
588,Carl,Spitteler,1919,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1845-04-24,1924-12-29,male,Liestal,Switzerland,CH,Lucerne,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""in special appreciation of his epic <I>Olympian Spring</I>""",Switzerland,Liestal,Switzerland,Lucerne,NA,NA
589,Knut,Hamsun,1920,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1859-08-04,1952-02-19,male,Lom,Norway,NO,Grimstad,Norway,NO,NA,1,"""for his monumental work <I>Growth of the Soil</I>""",Norway,Lom,Norway,Grimstad,NA,NA
590,Anatole,France,1921,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1844-04-16,1924-10-12,male,Paris,France,FR,Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements characterized as they are by a nobility of style a profound human sympathy grace and a true Gallic temperament""",France,Paris,France,Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire,NA,NA
592,Jacinto,Benavente,1922,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1866-08-12,1954-07-14,male,Madrid,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,1,"""for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama""",Spain,Madrid,Spain,Madrid,NA,NA
593,William Butler,Yeats,1923,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1865-06-13,1939-01-28,male,Dublin,Ireland,IE,Roquebrune-Cap-Martin,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his always inspired poetry which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation""",Ireland,Dublin,France,Roquebrune-Cap-Martin,NA,NA
594,Wladyslaw,Reymont,1924,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1867-05-07,1925-12-05,male,Kobiele Wielkie,Poland,PL,Warsaw,Poland,PL,NA,1,"""for his great national epic <I>The Peasants</I>""",Russian Empire (now Poland),Kobiele Wielkie,Poland,Warsaw,NA,NA
596,George Bernard,Shaw,1925,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1856-07-26,1950-11-02,male,Dublin,Ireland,IE,Ayot St. Lawrence,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty""",Ireland,Dublin,United Kingdom,Ayot St. Lawrence,NA,NA
597,Grazia,Deledda,1926,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1871-09-27,1936-08-15,female,Nuoro Sardinia,Italy,IT,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general""",Italy,Nuoro Sardinia,Italy,Rome,NA,NA
600,Henri,Bergson,1927,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1859-10-18,1941-01-04,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented""",France,Paris,France,Paris,NA,NA
601,Sigrid,Undset,1928,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1882-05-20,1949-06-10,female,Kalundborg,Denmark,DK,Lillehammer,Norway,NO,NA,1,"""principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages""",Denmark,Kalundborg,Norway,Lillehammer,NA,NA
602,Thomas,Mann,1929,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1875-06-06,1955-08-12,male,Lübeck,Germany,DE,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""principally for his great novel <I>Buddenbrooks</I> which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature""",Germany,Lübeck,Switzerland,Zurich,NA,NA
603,Sinclair,Lewis,1930,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1885-02-07,1951-01-10,male,Sauk Centre MN,USA,US,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create with wit and humour new types of characters""",USA,Sauk Centre MN,Italy,Rome,NA,NA
604,Erik Axel,Karlfeldt,1931,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1864-07-20,1931-04-08,male,Karlbo,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt""",Sweden,Karlbo,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
605,John,Galsworthy,1932,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1867-08-14,1933-01-31,male,Kingston Hill,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in <I>The Forsyte Saga</I>""",United Kingdom,Kingston Hill,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
606,Ivan,Bunin,1933,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1870-10-22,1953-11-08,male,Voronezh,Russia,RU,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing""",Russia,Voronezh,France,Paris,NA,NA
607,Luigi,Pirandello,1934,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1867-06-28,1936-12-10,male,Agrigento Sicily,Italy,IT,Rome,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art""",Italy,Agrigento Sicily,Italy,Rome,NA,NA
608,Eugene,O'Neill,1936,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1888-10-16,1953-11-27,male,New York NY,USA,US,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the power honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works which embody an original concept of tragedy""",USA,New York NY,USA,Boston MA,NA,NA
609,Roger,Martin du Gard,1937,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1881-03-23,1958-08-22,male,Neuilly-sur-Seine,France,FR,Bellême,France,FR,NA,1,"""for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle <I>Les Thibault</I>""",France,Neuilly-sur-Seine,France,Bellême,NA,NA
610,Pearl,Buck,1938,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1892-06-26,1973-03-06,female,Hillsboro WV,USA,US,Danby VT,USA,US,NA,1,"""for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces""",USA,Hillsboro WV,USA,Danby VT,NA,NA
613,Frans Eemil,Sillanpää,1939,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1888-09-16,1964-06-03,male,Hämeenkyrö,Finland,FI,Helsinki,Finland,FI,NA,1,"""for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature""",Russian Empire (now Finland),Hämeenkyrö,Finland,Helsinki,NA,NA
614,Johannes V.,Jensen,1944,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1873-01-20,1950-11-25,male,Farsø,Denmark,DK,Copenhagen,Denmark,DK,NA,1,"""for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold freshly creative style""",Denmark,Farsø,Denmark,Copenhagen,NA,NA
615,Gabriela,Mistral,1945,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1889-04-07,1957-01-10,female,Vicuña,Chile,CL,Hempstead NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for her lyric poetry which inspired by powerful emotions has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world""",Chile,Vicuña,USA,Hempstead NY,NA,NA
617,Hermann,Hesse,1946,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1877-07-02,1962-08-09,male,Calw,Germany,DE,Montagnola,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for his inspired writings which while growing in boldness and penetration exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style""",Germany,Calw,Switzerland,Montagnola,NA,NA
618,André,Gide,1947,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1869-11-22,1951-02-19,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight""",France,Paris,France,Paris,NA,NA
619,T.S.,Eliot,1948,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1888-09-26,1965-01-04,male,St. Louis MO,USA,US,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his outstanding pioneer contribution to present-day poetry""",USA,St. Louis MO,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
620,William,Faulkner,1949,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1897-09-25,1962-07-06,male,New Albany MS,USA,US,Byhalia MS,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel""",USA,New Albany MS,USA,Byhalia MS,NA,NA
621,Bertrand,Russell,1950,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1872-05-18,1970-02-02,male,Trelleck,United Kingdom,GB,Penrhyndeudraeth,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought""",United Kingdom,Trelleck,United Kingdom,Penrhyndeudraeth,NA,NA
622,Pär,Lagerkvist,1951,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1891-05-23,1974-07-11,male,Växjö,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind""",Sweden,Växjö,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
623,François,Mauriac,1952,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1885-10-11,1970-09-01,male,Bordeaux,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life""",France,Bordeaux,France,Paris,NA,NA
624,Winston,Churchill,1953,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1874-11-30,1965-01-24,male,Woodstock,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values""",United Kingdom,Woodstock,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
625,Ernest,Hemingway,1954,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1899-07-21,1961-07-02,male,Oak Park IL,USA,US,Ketchum ID,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his mastery of the art of narrative most recently demonstrated in <I>The Old Man and the Sea</I> and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style""",USA,Oak Park IL,USA,Ketchum ID,NA,NA
626,Halldór,Laxness,1955,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1902-04-23,1998-02-08,male,Reykjavik,Iceland,IS,Reykjavik,Iceland,IS,NA,1,"""for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland""",Iceland,Reykjavik,Iceland,Reykjavik,NA,NA
627,Juan Ramón,Jiménez,1956,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1881-12-24,1958-05-29,male,Moguer,Spain,ES,San Juan,Puerto Rico,PR,NA,1,"""for his lyrical poetry which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity""",Spain,Moguer,Puerto Rico,San Juan,NA,NA
628,Albert,Camus,1957,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1913-11-07,1960-01-04,male,Mondovi,Algeria,DZ,Sens,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his important literary production which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times""",French Algeria (now Algeria),Mondovi,France,Sens,NA,NA
629,Boris,Pasternak,1958,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1890-02-10,1960-05-30,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,Peredelkino,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition""",Russia,Moscow,Russia,Peredelkino,NA,NA
630,Salvatore,Quasimodo,1959,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1901-08-20,1968-06-14,male,Modica,Italy,IT,Naples,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his lyrical poetry which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times""",Italy,Modica,Italy,Naples,NA,NA
631,Saint-John,Perse,1960,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1887-05-31,1975-09-20,male,Pointe-à-Pitre,Guadeloupe Island,GP,Presqu'île-de-Giens,France,FR,NA,1,"""for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time""",Guadeloupe Island,Pointe-à-Pitre,France,Presqu'île-de-Giens,NA,NA
633,Ivo,Andric,1961,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1892-10-10,1975-03-13,male,Dolac,Bosnia and Herzegovina,BA,Belgrade,Serbia,RS,NA,1,"""for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country""",Bosnia (now Bosnia and Herzegovina),Dolac,Yugoslavia (now Serbia),Belgrade,NA,NA
634,John,Steinbeck,1962,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1902-02-27,1968-12-20,male,Salinas CA,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his realistic and imaginative writings combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception""",USA,Salinas CA,USA,New York NY,NA,NA
635,Giorgos,Seferis,1963,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1900-03-13,1971-09-20,male,Izmir,Turkey,TR,Athens,Greece,GR,NA,1,"""for his eminent lyrical writing inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture""",Ottoman Empire (now Turkey),Smyrna (now Izmir),Greece,Athens,NA,NA
637,Jean-Paul,Sartre,1964,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1905-06-21,1980-04-15,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his work which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age""",France,Paris,France,Paris,NA,NA
638,Mikhail,Sholokhov,1965,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1905-05-24,1984-02-21,male,Veshenskaya,Russia,RU,Veshenskaya,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""for the artistic power and integrity with which in his epic of the Don he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people""",Russia,Veshenskaya,USSR (now Russia),Veshenskaya,NA,NA
639,Shmuel,Agnon,1966,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1888-07-17,1970-02-17,male,Buchach,Ukraine,UA,Rehovot,Israel,IL,NA,2,"""for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people""",Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine),Buczacz (now Buchach),Israel,Rehovot,NA,NA
640,Nelly,Sachs,1966,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1891-12-10,1970-05-12,female,Berlin,Germany,DE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength """,Germany,Berlin,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
641,Miguel Angel,Asturias,1967,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1899-10-19,1974-06-09,male,Guatemala City,Guatemala,GT,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,1,"""for his vivid literary achievement deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America""",Guatemala,Guatemala City,Spain,Madrid,NA,NA
642,Yasunari,Kawabata,1968,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1899-06-11,1972-04-16,male,Osaka,Japan,JP,Zushi,Japan,JP,NA,1,"""for his narrative mastery which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind""",Japan,Osaka,Japan,Zushi,NA,NA
643,Samuel,Beckett,1969,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1906-04-13,1989-12-22,male,Dublin,Ireland,IE,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his writing which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation""",Ireland,Dublin,France,Paris,NA,NA
644,Alexandr,Solzhenitsyn,1970,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1918-12-11,2008-08-03,male,Kislovodsk,Russia,RU,Troitse-Lykovo,Russia,RU,NA,1,"""for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature""",Russia,Kislovodsk,Russia,Troitse-Lykovo,NA,NA
645,Pablo,Neruda,1971,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1904-07-12,1973-09-23,male,Parral,Chile,CL,Santiago,Chile,CL,NA,1,"""for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams""",Chile,Parral,Chile,Santiago,NA,NA
647,Heinrich,Böll,1972,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1917-12-21,1985-07-16,male,Cologne,Germany,DE,Bornheim-Merten,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature""",Germany,Cologne,West Germany (now Germany),Bornheim-Merten,NA,NA
648,Patrick,White,1973,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1912-05-28,1990-09-30,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Sydney,Australia,AU,NA,1,"""for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature""",United Kingdom,London,Australia,Sydney,NA,NA
649,Eyvind,Johnson,1974,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1900-07-29,1976-08-25,male,Svartbjörnsbyn,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for a narrative art far-seeing in lands and ages in the service of freedom""",Sweden,Svartbjörnsbyn,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
650,Harry,Martinson,1974,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1904-05-06,1978-02-11,male,Jämshög,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos""",Sweden,Jämshög,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
651,Eugenio,Montale,1975,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1896-10-12,1981-09-12,male,Genoa,Italy,IT,Milan,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""for his distinctive poetry which with great artistic sensitivity has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions""",Italy,Genoa,Italy,Milan,NA,NA
652,Saul,Bellow,1976,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1915-06-10,2005-04-05,male,Montreal,Canada,CA,Brookline MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work""",Canada,Montreal,USA,Brookline MA,NA,NA
653,Vicente,Aleixandre,1977,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1898-04-26,1984-12-14,male,Sevilla,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,1,"""for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars""",Spain,Sevilla,Spain,Madrid,NA,NA
654,Isaac Bashevis,Singer,1978,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1904-07-14,1991-07-24,male,Leoncin,Poland,PL,Surfside FL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his impassioned narrative art which with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition brings universal human conditions to life""",Russian Empire (now Poland),Leoncin,USA,Surfside FL,NA,NA
655,Odysseus,Elytis,1979,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1911-11-02,1996-03-18,male,Iráklion,Greece,GR,Athens,Greece,GR,NA,1,"""for his poetry which against the background of Greek tradition depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness""",Crete (now Greece),Iráklion,Greece,Athens,NA,NA
657,Czeslaw,Milosz,1980,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1911-06-30,2004-08-14,male,Śeteniai,Lithuania,LT,Kraków,Poland,PL,NA,1,"""who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts""",Russian Empire (now Lithuania),Śeteniai,Poland,Kraków,NA,NA
658,Elias,Canetti,1981,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1905-07-25,1994-08-14,male,Ruse,Bulgaria,BG,Zurich,Switzerland,CH,NA,1,"""for writings marked by a broad outlook a wealth of ideas and artistic power""",Bulgaria,Ruse,Switzerland,Zurich,NA,NA
659,Gabriel,García Márquez,1982,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1927-03-06,2014-04-17,male,Aracataca,Colombia,CO,Mexico City,Mexico,MX,NA,1,"""for his novels and short stories in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination reflecting a continent's life and conflicts""",Colombia,Aracataca,Mexico,Mexico City,NA,NA
660,William,Golding,1983,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1911-09-19,1993-06-19,male,St. Columb Minor,United Kingdom,GB,Perranarworthal,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for his novels which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth illuminate the human condition in the world of today""",United Kingdom,St. Columb Minor,United Kingdom,Perranarworthal,NA,NA
661,Jaroslav,Seifert,1984,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1901-09-23,1986-01-10,male,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,Prague,Czech Republic,CZ,NA,1,"""for his poetry which endowed with freshness sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man""",Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic),Prague,Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic),Prague,NA,NA
662,Claude,Simon,1985,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1913-10-10,2005-07-06,male,Antananarivo,Madagascar,MG,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition""",Madagascar,Tananarive (now Antananarivo),France,Paris,NA,NA
663,Wole,Soyinka,1986,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1934-07-13,NA,male,Abeokuta,Nigeria,NG,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence""",Nigeria,Abeokuta,NA,NA,NA,NA
664,Joseph,Brodsky,1987,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1940-05-24,1996-01-28,male,St. Petersburg,Russia,RU,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for an all-embracing authorship imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity""",USSR (now Russia),Leningrad (now St. Petersburg),USA,New York NY,NA,NA
665,Naguib,Mahfouz,1988,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1911-12-11,2006-08-30,male,Cairo,Egypt,EG,Cairo,Egypt,EG,NA,1,"""who through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind""",Egypt,Cairo,Egypt,Cairo,NA,NA
666,Camilo José,Cela,1989,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1916-05-11,2002-01-17,male,Iria Flavia,Spain,ES,Madrid,Spain,ES,NA,1,"""for a rich and intensive prose which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability""",Spain,Iria Flavia,Spain,Madrid,NA,NA
667,Octavio,Paz,1990,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1914-03-31,1998-04-19,male,Mexico City,Mexico,MX,Mexico City,Mexico,MX,NA,1,"""for impassioned writing with wide horizons characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity""",Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico,Mexico City,NA,NA
668,Nadine,Gordimer,1991,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1923-11-20,2014-07-13,female,Springs,South Africa,ZA,Johannesburg,South Africa,ZA,NA,1,"""who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity""",South Africa,Springs,South Africa,Johannesburg,NA,NA
669,Derek,Walcott,1992,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1930-01-23,2017-03-17,male,Castries,Saint Lucia,LC,Gros-Islet,Saint Lucia,LC,NA,1,"""for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity sustained by a historical vision the outcome of a multicultural commitment""",Saint Lucia,Castries,Saint Lucia,Gros-Islet,NA,NA
670,Toni,Morrison,1993,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1931-02-18,2019-08-05,female,Lorain OH,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import gives life to an essential aspect of American reality""",USA,Lorain OH,USA,New York NY,NA,NA
671,Kenzaburo,Oe,1994,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1935-01-31,NA,male,Uchiko,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who with poetic force creates an imagined world where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today""",Japan,Uchiko,NA,NA,NA,NA
672,Seamus,Heaney,1995,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1939-04-13,2013-08-30,male,Casteldàwson,Northern Ireland,GB,Dublin,Ireland,IE,NA,1,"""for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth which exalt everyday miracles and the living past""",Northern Ireland,Casteldàwson,Ireland,Dublin,NA,NA
673,Wislawa,Szymborska,1996,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1923-07-02,2012-02-01,female,Kórnik,Poland,PL,Kraków,Poland,PL,NA,1,"""for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality""",Poland,Bnin (now Kórnik),Poland,Kraków,NA,NA
674,Dario,Fo,1997,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1926-03-24,2016-10-13,male,Leggiuno-Sangiano,Italy,IT,Milan,Italy,IT,NA,1,"""who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden""",Italy,Leggiuno-Sangiano,Italy,Milan,NA,NA
675,José,Saramago,1998,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1922-11-16,2010-06-18,male,Azinhaga,Portugal,PT,Lanzarote,Spain,ES,NA,1,"""who with parables sustained by imagination compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality""",Portugal,Azinhaga,Spain,Lanzarote,NA,NA
676,Günter,Grass,1999,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1927-10-16,2015-04-13,male,Gdansk,Poland,PL,Lübeck,Germany,DE,NA,1,"""whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history""",Free City of Danzig (now Poland),Danzig (now Gdansk),Germany,Lübeck,NA,NA
677,Ragnar,Frisch,1969,Economics,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,1895-03-03,1973-01-31,male,Oslo,Norway,NO,Oslo,Norway,NO,NA,2,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",Norway,Oslo,Norway,Oslo,Oslo,Norway
678,Jan,Tinbergen,1969,Economics,The Netherlands School of Economics,Rotterdam,Netherlands,1903-04-12,1994-06-09,male,the Hague,Netherlands,NL,the Hague,Netherlands,NL,NA,2,"""for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes""",the Netherlands,the Hague,the Netherlands,the Hague,Rotterdam,the Netherlands
679,Paul A.,Samuelson,1970,Economics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1915-05-15,2009-12-13,male,Gary IN,USA,US,Belmont MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science""",USA,Gary IN,USA,Belmont MA,Cambridge MA,USA
680,Simon,Kuznets,1971,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1901-04-30,1985-07-08,male,Pinsk,Belarus,BY,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development""",Russian Empire (now Belarus),Pinsk,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
681,John R.,Hicks,1972,Economics,All Souls College,Oxford,United Kingdom,1904-04-08,1989-05-20,male,Warwick,United Kingdom,GB,Blockley,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",United Kingdom,Warwick,United Kingdom,Blockley,Oxford,United Kingdom
682,Kenneth J.,Arrow,1972,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1921-08-23,2017-02-21,male,New York NY,USA,US,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory""",USA,New York NY,USA,Palo Alto CA,Cambridge MA,USA
683,Wassily,Leontief,1973,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1906-08-05,1999-02-05,male,St. Petersburg,Russia,RU,New York NY,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems""",Russia,St. Petersburg,USA,New York NY,Cambridge MA,USA
684,Gunnar,Myrdal,1974,Economics,NA,NA,NA,1898-12-06,1987-05-17,male,Skattungbyn,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena""",Sweden,Skattungbyn,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
685,Friedrich,von Hayek,1974,Economics,NA,NA,NA,1899-05-08,1992-03-23,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,Freiburg,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic social and institutional phenomena""",Austria,Vienna,Germany,Freiburg,NA,NA
686,Leonid Vitaliyevich,Kantorovich,1975,Economics,Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia,1912-01-19,1986-04-07,male,St. Petersburg,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,2,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",Russian Empire (now Russia),St. Petersburg,USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
687,Tjalling C.,Koopmans,1975,Economics,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1910-08-28,1985-02-26,male,'s Graveland,Netherlands,NL,New Haven CT,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources""",the Netherlands,'s Graveland,USA,New Haven CT,New Haven CT,USA
688,Milton,Friedman,1976,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1912-07-31,2006-11-16,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,San Francisco CA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy""",USA,Brooklyn NY,USA,San Francisco CA,Chicago IL,USA
689,Bertil,Ohlin,1977,Economics,Stockholm School of Economics,Stockholm,Sweden,1899-04-23,1979-08-03,male,Klippan,Sweden,SE,Vålådalen,Sweden,SE,NA,2,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",Sweden,Klippan,Sweden,Vålådalen,Stockholm,Sweden
690,James E.,Meade,1977,Economics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1907-06-23,1995-12-22,male,Swanage,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements""",United Kingdom,Swanage,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
691,Herbert,Simon,1978,Economics,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh PA,USA,1916-06-15,2001-02-09,male,Milwaukee WI,USA,US,Pittsburgh PA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations""",USA,Milwaukee WI,USA,Pittsburgh PA,Pittsburgh PA,USA
692,Theodore W.,Schultz,1979,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1902-04-30,1998-02-26,male,Arlington SD,USA,US,Evanston IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",USA,Arlington SD,USA,Evanston IL,Chicago IL,USA
693,Sir Arthur,Lewis,1979,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1915-01-23,1991-06-15,male,Castries,Saint Lucia,LC,Bridgetown,Barbados,BB,NA,2,"""for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries""",British West Indies (now Saint Lucia),Castries,Barbados,Bridgetown,Princeton NJ,USA
694,Lawrence R.,Klein,1980,Economics,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia PA,USA,1920-09-14,2013-10-20,male,Omaha NE,USA,US,Gladwyne PA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies""",USA,Omaha NE,USA,Gladwyne PA,Philadelphia PA,USA
695,James,Tobin,1981,Economics,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1918-03-05,2002-03-11,male,Champaign IL,USA,US,New Haven CT,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions employment production and prices""",USA,Champaign IL,USA,New Haven CT,New Haven CT,USA
696,George J.,Stigler,1982,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1911-01-17,1991-12-01,male,Renton WA,USA,US,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his seminal studies of industrial structures functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation""",USA,Renton WA,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
697,Gerard,Debreu,1983,Economics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1921-07-04,2004-12-31,male,Calais,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium""",France,Calais,France,Paris,Berkeley CA,USA
698,Richard,Stone,1984,Economics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1913-08-30,1991-12-06,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
699,Franco,Modigliani,1985,Economics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1918-06-18,2003-09-25,male,Rome,Italy,IT,Cambridge MA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets""",Italy,Rome,USA,Cambridge MA,Cambridge MA,USA
700,James M.,Buchanan Jr.,1986,Economics,Center for Study of Public Choice,Fairfax VA,USA,1919-10-03,2013-01-09,male,Murfreesboro TN,USA,US,Blacksburg VA,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making""",USA,Murfreesboro TN,USA,Blacksburg VA,Fairfax VA,USA
701,Robert M.,Solow,1987,Economics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1924-08-23,NA,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to the theory of economic growth""",USA,Brooklyn NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
702,Maurice,Allais,1988,Economics,École Nationale Supérieur des Mines de Paris,Paris,France,1911-05-31,2010-10-09,male,Paris,France,FR,Paris,France,FR,NA,1,"""for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources""",France,Paris,France,Paris,Paris,France
703,Trygve,Haavelmo,1989,Economics,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway,1911-12-13,1999-07-26,male,Skedsmo,Norway,NO,Oslo,Norway,NO,NA,1,"""for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures""",Norway,Skedsmo,Norway,Oslo,Oslo,Norway
704,Harry M.,Markowitz,1990,Economics,City University of New York,New York NY,USA,1927-08-24,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
705,Merton H.,Miller,1990,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1923-05-16,2000-06-03,male,Boston MA,USA,US,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",USA,Boston MA,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
706,William F.,Sharpe,1990,Economics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1934-06-16,NA,male,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics""",USA,Boston MA,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
707,Ronald H.,Coase,1991,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1910-12-29,2013-09-02,male,Willesden,United Kingdom,GB,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy""",United Kingdom,Willesden,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
708,Gary,Becker,1992,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1930-12-02,2014-05-03,male,Pottsville PA,USA,US,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,1,"""for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction including nonmarket behaviour""",USA,Pottsville PA,USA,Chicago IL,Chicago IL,USA
709,Robert W.,Fogel,1993,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1927-07-01,2013-06-11,male,New York NY,USA,US,Oak Lawn IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",USA,New York NY,USA,Oak Lawn IL,Chicago IL,USA
710,Douglass C.,North,1993,Economics,Washington University,St. Louis MO,USA,1920-11-05,2015-11-23,male,Cambridge MA,USA,US,Benzonia MI,USA,US,NA,2,"""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change""",USA,Cambridge MA,USA,Benzonia MI,St. Louis MO,USA
711,John C.,Harsanyi,1994,Economics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1920-05-29,2000-08-09,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Berkeley CA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",Hungary,Budapest,USA,Berkeley CA,Berkeley CA,USA
712,John F.,Nash Jr.,1994,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1928-06-13,2015-05-23,male,Bluefield WV,USA,US,New Jersey NJ,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",USA,Bluefield WV,USA,New Jersey NJ,Princeton NJ,USA
713,Reinhard,Selten,1994,Economics,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität,Bonn,Germany,1930-10-05,2016-08-23,male,Wroclaw,Poland,PL,Poznan,Poland,PL,NA,3,"""for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games""",Germany (now Poland),Breslau (now Wroclaw),Poland,Poznan,Bonn,Germany
714,Robert E.,Lucas Jr.,1995,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1937-09-15,NA,male,Yakima WA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy""",USA,Yakima WA,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
715,James A.,Mirrlees,1996,Economics,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1936-07-05,2018-08-29,male,Minnigaff,Scotland,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",Scotland,Minnigaff,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
716,William,Vickrey,1996,Economics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1914-06-21,1996-10-11,male,Victoria BC,Canada,CA,Harrison NY,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information""",Canada,Victoria BC,USA,Harrison NY,New York NY,USA
717,Robert C.,Merton,1997,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1944-07-31,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
718,Myron,Scholes,1997,Economics,Long Term Capital Management,Greenwich CT,USA,1941-07-01,NA,male,Timmins ON,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for a new method to determine the value of derivatives""",Canada,Timmins ON,NA,NA,Greenwich CT,USA
719,Amartya,Sen,1998,Economics,Trinity College,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1933-11-03,NA,male,Santiniketan,India,IN,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to welfare economics""",India,Santiniketan,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
720,Robert,Mundell,1999,Economics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1932-10-24,NA,male,Kingston ON,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas""",Canada,Kingston ON,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
721,Il´ja M.,Frank,1958,Physics,University of Moscow,Moscow,Russia,1908-10-23,1990-06-22,male,St. Petersburg,Russia,RU,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,3,"""for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect""",Russia,Leningrad (now St. Petersburg),USSR (now Russia),Moscow,Moscow,USSR (now Russia)
722,Arvid,Carlsson,2000,Medicine,Göteborg University,Gothenburg,Sweden,1923-01-25,2018-06-29,male,Uppsala,Sweden,SE,Gothenburg,Sweden,SE,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",Sweden,Uppsala,Sweden,Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden
723,Paul,Greengard,2000,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1925-12-11,2019-04-13,male,New York NY,USA,US,New York NY,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",USA,New York NY,USA,New York NY,New York NY,USA
724,Eric,Kandel,2000,Medicine,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1929-11-07,NA,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system""",Austria,Vienna,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
725,Kim,Dae-jung,2000,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1925-12-03,2009-08-18,male,Mokpo,South Korea,KR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular""",Korea (now South Korea),Mokpo,NA,NA,NA,NA
726,Zhores,Alferov,2000,Physics,A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute,St. Petersburg,Russia,1930-03-15,2019-03-01,male,Vitebsk Belorussia,Belarus,BY,St. Petersburg,Russia,RU,"""for basic work on information and communication technology""",4,"""for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",USSR (now Belarus),Vitebsk Belorussia,Russia,St. Petersburg,St. Petersburg,Russia
727,Herbert,Kroemer,2000,Physics,University of California,Santa Barbara CA,USA,1928-08-25,NA,male,Weimar,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,"""for basic work on information and communication technology""",4,"""for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics""",Germany,Weimar,NA,NA,Santa Barbara CA,USA
728,Jack,Kilby,2000,Physics,Texas Instruments,Dallas TX,USA,1923-11-08,2005-06-20,male,Jefferson City MO,USA,US,Dallas TX,USA,US,"""for basic work on information and communication technology""",2,"""for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit""",USA,Jefferson City MO,USA,Dallas TX,Dallas TX,USA
729,Alan,Heeger,2000,Chemistry,University of California,Santa Barbara CA,USA,1936-01-22,NA,male,Sioux City IA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",USA,Sioux City IA,NA,NA,Santa Barbara CA,USA
730,Alan,MacDiarmid,2000,Chemistry,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia PA,USA,1927-04-14,2007-02-07,male,Masterton,New Zealand,NZ,Drexel Hill PA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",New Zealand,Masterton,USA,Drexel Hill PA,Philadelphia PA,USA
731,Hideki,Shirakawa,2000,Chemistry,University of Tsukuba,Tokyo,Japan,1936-08-20,NA,male,Tokyo,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of conductive polymers""",Japan,Tokyo,NA,NA,Tokyo,Japan
732,James J.,Heckman,2000,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1944-04-19,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
733,Daniel L.,McFadden,2000,Economics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1937-07-29,NA,male,Raleigh NC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice""",USA,Raleigh NC,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
734,Gao,Xingjian,2000,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1940-01-04,NA,male,Ganzhou,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for an &aelig;uvre of universal validity bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama""",China,Ganzhou,NA,NA,NA,NA
735,Leland,Hartwell,2001,Medicine,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,Seattle WA,USA,1939-10-30,NA,male,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",USA,Los Angeles CA,NA,NA,Seattle WA,USA
736,Tim,Hunt,2001,Medicine,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,1943-02-19,NA,male,Neston,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",United Kingdom,Neston,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom
737,Sir Paul,Nurse,2001,Medicine,Imperial Cancer Research Fund,London,United Kingdom,1949-01-25,NA,male,Norwich,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle""",United Kingdom,Norwich,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom
738,Eric,Cornell,2001,Physics,University of Colorado JILA,Boulder CO,USA,1961-12-19,NA,male,Palo Alto CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",USA,Palo Alto CA,NA,NA,Boulder CO,USA
739,Wolfgang,Ketterle,2001,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1957-10-21,NA,male,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",West Germany (now Germany),Heidelberg,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
740,Carl,Wieman,2001,Physics,University of Colorado JILA,Boulder CO,USA,1951-03-26,NA,male,Corvallis OR,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates""",USA,Corvallis OR,NA,NA,Boulder CO,USA
741,William,Knowles,2001,Chemistry,NA,NA,NA,1917-06-01,2012-06-13,male,Taunton MA,USA,US,Chesterfield MO,USA,US,NA,4,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",USA,Taunton MA,USA,Chesterfield MO,NA,NA
742,Ryoji,Noyori,2001,Chemistry,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,1938-09-03,NA,male,Kobe,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions""",Japan,Kobe,NA,NA,Nagoya,Japan
743,Barry,Sharpless,2001,Chemistry,The Scripps Research Institute,La Jolla CA,USA,1941-04-28,NA,male,Philadelphia PA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions""",USA,Philadelphia PA,NA,NA,La Jolla CA,USA
744,George A.,Akerlof,2001,Economics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1940-06-17,NA,male,New Haven CT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",USA,New Haven CT,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
745,A. Michael,Spence,2001,Economics,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,NA,NA,male,Montclair NJ,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",USA,Montclair NJ,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
746,Joseph E.,Stiglitz,2001,Economics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1943-02-09,NA,male,Gary IN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information""",USA,Gary IN,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
747,V. S.,Naipaul,2001,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1932-08-17,2018-08-11,male,NA,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories""",NA,NA,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
748,United Nations,NA,2001,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
749,Kofi,Annan,2001,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1938-04-08,2018-08-18,male,Kumasi,Ghana,GH,Bern,Switzerland,CH,NA,2,"""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world""",Gold Coast (now Ghana),Kumasi,Switzerland,Bern,NA,NA
750,Sydney,Brenner,2002,Medicine,The Molecular Sciences Institute,Berkeley CA,USA,1927-01-13,2019-04-05,male,Germiston,South Africa,ZA,NA,Singapore,SG,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",South Africa,Germiston,Singapore,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
751,H. Robert,Horvitz,2002,Medicine,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1947-05-08,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
752,John E.,Sulston,2002,Medicine,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1942-03-27,2018-03-06,male,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'""",United Kingdom,Cambridge,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
753,Raymond,Davis Jr.,2002,Physics,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia PA,USA,1914-10-14,2006-05-31,male,Washington DC,USA,US,Blue Point NY,USA,US,NA,4,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",USA,Washington DC,USA,Blue Point NY,Philadelphia PA,USA
754,Masatoshi,Koshiba,2002,Physics,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan,1926-09-19,NA,male,Toyohashi,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos""",Japan,Toyohashi,NA,NA,Tokyo,Japan
755,Riccardo,Giacconi,2002,Physics,Associated Universities Inc.,Washington DC,USA,1931-10-06,2018-12-16,male,Genoa,Italy,IT,La Jolla CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for pioneering contributions to astrophysics which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources""",Italy,Genoa,USA,La Jolla CA,Washington DC,USA
756,John B.,Fenn,2002,Chemistry,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond VA,USA,1917-06-15,2010-12-10,male,New York NY,USA,US,Richmond VA,USA,US,"""for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules""",4,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",USA,New York NY,USA,Richmond VA,Richmond VA,USA
757,Koichi,Tanaka,2002,Chemistry,Shimadzu Corp.,Kyoto,Japan,1959-08-03,NA,male,Toyama City,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,"""for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules""",4,"""for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules""",Japan,Toyama City,NA,NA,Kyoto,Japan
758,Kurt,Wüthrich,2002,Chemistry,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology),Zurich,Switzerland,1938-10-04,NA,male,Aarberg,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,"""for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules""",2,"""for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution""",Switzerland,Aarberg,NA,NA,Zurich,Switzerland
759,Daniel,Kahneman,2002,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1934-03-05,NA,male,Tel Aviv,Israel,IL,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty""",British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel),Tel Aviv,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
760,Vernon L.,Smith,2002,Economics,George Mason University,Fairfax VA,USA,1927-01-01,NA,male,Wichita KS,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms""",USA,Wichita KS,NA,NA,Fairfax VA,USA
761,Imre,Kertész,2002,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1929-11-09,2016-03-31,male,Budapest,Hungary,HU,Budapest,Hungary,HU,NA,1,"""for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history""",Hungary,Budapest,Hungary,Budapest,NA,NA
762,Jimmy,Carter,2002,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1924-10-01,NA,male,Plains GA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts to advance democracy and human rights and to promote economic and social development""",USA,Plains GA,NA,NA,NA,NA
763,J. M.,Coetzee,2003,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1940-02-09,NA,male,Cape Town,South Africa,ZA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider""",South Africa,Cape Town,NA,NA,NA,NA
764,Paul C.,Lauterbur,2003,Medicine,University of Illinois,Urbana IL,USA,1929-05-06,2007-03-27,male,Sidney OH,USA,US,Urbana IL,USA,US,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",USA,Sidney OH,USA,Urbana IL,Urbana IL,USA
765,Sir Peter,Mansfield,2003,Medicine,University of Nottingham School of Physics and Astronomy,Nottingham,United Kingdom,1933-10-09,2017-02-08,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging""",United Kingdom,London,NA,NA,Nottingham,United Kingdom
766,Alexei,Abrikosov,2003,Physics,Argonne National Laboratory,Argonne IL,USA,1928-06-25,2017-03-29,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",USSR (now Russia),Moscow,NA,NA,Argonne IL,USA
767,Vitaly L.,Ginzburg,2003,Physics,P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute,Moscow,Russia,1916-10-04,2009-11-08,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",Russia,Moscow,NA,NA,Moscow,Russia
768,Anthony J.,Leggett,2003,Physics,University of Illinois,Urbana IL,USA,1938-03-26,NA,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids""",United Kingdom,London,NA,NA,Urbana IL,USA
769,Peter,Agre,2003,Chemistry,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore MD,USA,1949-01-30,NA,male,Northfield MN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes""",2,"""for the discovery of water channels""",USA,Northfield MN,NA,NA,Baltimore MD,USA
770,Roderick,MacKinnon,2003,Chemistry,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1956-02-19,NA,male,Burlington MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,"""for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes""",2,"""for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels""",USA,Burlington MA,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
771,Robert F.,Engle III,2003,Economics,New York University,New York NY,USA,1942-11-10,NA,male,Syracuse NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)""",USA,Syracuse NY,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
772,Clive W.J.,Granger,2003,Economics,University of California,San Diego CA,USA,1934-09-04,2009-05-27,male,Swansea,United Kingdom,GB,San Diego CA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)""",United Kingdom,Swansea,USA,San Diego CA,San Diego CA,USA
773,Shirin,Ebadi,2003,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1947-06-21,NA,female,Hamadan,Iran,IR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children""",Iran,Hamadan,NA,NA,NA,NA
774,Richard,Axel,2004,Medicine,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1946-07-02,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
775,Linda B.,Buck,2004,Medicine,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,Seattle WA,USA,1947-01-29,NA,female,Seattle WA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system""",USA,Seattle WA,NA,NA,Seattle WA,USA
776,David J.,Gross,2004,Physics,University of California Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics,Santa Barbara CA,USA,1941-02-19,NA,male,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",USA,Washington DC,NA,NA,Santa Barbara CA,USA
777,H. David,Politzer,2004,Physics,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1949-08-31,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Pasadena CA,USA
778,Frank,Wilczek,2004,Physics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1951-05-15,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
779,Aaron,Ciechanover,2004,Chemistry,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,1947-10-01,NA,male,Haifa,Israel,IL,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",British Protectorate of Palestine (now Israel),Haifa,NA,NA,Haifa,Israel
780,Avram,Hershko,2004,Chemistry,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,1937-12-31,NA,male,Karcag,Hungary,HU,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",Hungary,Karcag,NA,NA,Haifa,Israel
781,Irwin,Rose,2004,Chemistry,University of California,Irvine CA,USA,1926-07-16,2015-06-03,male,Brooklyn NY,USA,US,Deerfield MA,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation""",USA,Brooklyn NY,USA,Deerfield MA,Irvine CA,USA
782,Elfriede,Jelinek,2004,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1946-10-20,NA,female,Mürzzuschlag,Austria,AT,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clich&eacute;s and their subjugating power""",Austria,Mürzzuschlag,NA,NA,NA,NA
783,Wangari,Maathai,2004,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1940-04-01,2011-09-25,female,Nyeri,Kenya,KE,Nairobi,Kenya,KE,NA,1,"""for her contribution to sustainable development democracy and peace""",Kenya,Nyeri,Kenya,Nairobi,NA,NA
786,Finn E.,Kydland,2004,Economics,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh PA,USA,1943-12-01,NA,male,Gjesdal,Norway,NO,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",Norway,Gjesdal,NA,NA,Pittsburgh PA,USA
787,Edward C.,Prescott,2004,Economics,Arizona State University,Tempe AZ,USA,1940-12-26,NA,male,Glens Falls NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles""",USA,Glens Falls NY,NA,NA,Tempe AZ,USA
789,Barry J.,Marshall,2005,Medicine,NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory QEII Medical Centre,Nedlands,Australia,1951-09-30,NA,male,Kalgoorlie,Australia,AU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",Australia,Kalgoorlie,NA,NA,Nedlands,Australia
790,J. Robin,Warren,2005,Medicine,NA,NA,NA,1937-06-11,NA,male,Adelaide,Australia,AU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the bacterium <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease""",Australia,Adelaide,NA,NA,NA,NA
791,Roy J.,Glauber,2005,Physics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1925-09-01,2018-12-26,male,New York NY,USA,US,Newton MA,USA,US,NA,2,"""for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence""",USA,New York NY,USA,Newton MA,Cambridge MA,USA
792,John L.,Hall,2005,Physics,University of Colorado JILA,Boulder CO,USA,1934-08-21,NA,male,Denver CO,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique""",USA,Denver CO,NA,NA,Boulder CO,USA
793,Theodor W.,Hänsch,2005,Physics,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik,Garching,Germany,1941-10-30,NA,male,Heidelberg,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy including the optical frequency comb technique""",Germany,Heidelberg,NA,NA,Garching,Germany
794,Yves,Chauvin,2005,Chemistry,Institut Français du Pétrole,Rueil-Malmaison,France,1930-10-10,2015-01-27,male,Menin,Belgium,BE,Tours,France,FR,NA,3,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",Belgium,Menin,France,Tours,Rueil-Malmaison,France
795,Robert H.,Grubbs,2005,Chemistry,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1942-02-27,NA,male,Possum Trot KY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",USA,Possum Trot KY,NA,NA,Pasadena CA,USA
796,Richard R.,Schrock,2005,Chemistry,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1945-01-04,NA,male,Berne IN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis""",USA,Berne IN,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
797,International Atomic Energy Agency,NA,2005,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
798,Mohamed,ElBaradei,2005,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1942-06-17,NA,male,Cairo,Egypt,EG,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way""",Egypt,Cairo,NA,NA,NA,NA
799,Robert J.,Aumann,2005,Economics,University of Jerusalem Center for RationalityHebrew,Jerusalem,Israel,1930-06-08,NA,male,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",Germany,Frankfurt-on-the-Main,NA,NA,Jerusalem,Israel
800,Thomas C.,Schelling,2005,Economics,University of Maryland Department of Economics and School of Public Policy,College Park MD,USA,1921-04-14,2016-12-13,male,Oakland CA,USA,US,Bethesda MD,USA,US,NA,2,"""for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis""",USA,Oakland CA,USA,Bethesda MD,College Park MD,USA
801,Harold,Pinter,2005,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1930-10-10,2008-12-24,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms""",United Kingdom,London,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
802,Andrew Z.,Fire,2006,Medicine,Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford CA,USA,1959-04-27,NA,male,Stanford CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",USA,Stanford CA,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
803,Craig C.,Mello,2006,Medicine,University of Massachusetts Medical School,Worcester MA,USA,1960-10-19,NA,male,New Haven CT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA""",USA,New Haven CT,NA,NA,Worcester MA,USA
804,John C.,Mather,2006,Physics,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA,1946-08-07,NA,male,Roanoke VA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",USA,Roanoke VA,NA,NA,Greenbelt MD,USA
805,George F.,Smoot,2006,Physics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1945-02-20,NA,male,Yukon FL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation""",USA,Yukon FL,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
806,Roger D.,Kornberg,2006,Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1947-04-24,NA,male,St. Louis MO,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription""",USA,St. Louis MO,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
807,Edmund S.,Phelps,2006,Economics,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1933-07-26,NA,male,Evanston IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy""",USA,Evanston IL,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
808,Orhan,Pamuk,2006,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1952-06-07,NA,male,Istanbul,Turkey,TR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures""",Turkey,Istanbul,NA,NA,NA,NA
809,Muhammad,Yunus,2006,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1940-06-28,NA,male,Chittagong,Bangladesh,BD,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",British India (now Bangladesh),Chittagong,NA,NA,NA,NA
810,Grameen Bank,NA,2006,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to create economic and social development from below""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
811,Mario R.,Capecchi,2007,Medicine,University of Utah,Salt Lake City UT,USA,1937-10-06,NA,male,Verona,Italy,IT,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",Italy,Verona,NA,NA,Salt Lake City UT,USA
812,Sir Martin J.,Evans,2007,Medicine,Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom,1941-01-01,NA,male,Stroud,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",United Kingdom,Stroud,NA,NA,Cardiff,United Kingdom
813,Oliver,Smithies,2007,Medicine,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill NC,USA,1925-06-23,2017-01-10,male,Halifax,United Kingdom,GB,Chapel Hill NC,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells""",United Kingdom,Halifax,USA,Chapel Hill NC,Chapel Hill NC,USA
814,Albert,Fert,2007,Physics,Universit&eacute; Paris-Sud,Orsay,France,1938-03-07,NA,male,Carcassonne,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",France,Carcassonne,NA,NA,Orsay,France
815,Peter,Grünberg,2007,Physics,Forschungszentrum J&uuml;lich,Jülich,Germany,1939-05-18,2018-04-09,male,Plzen,Czech Republic,CZ,Jülich,Germany,DE,NA,2,"""for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance""",Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic),Plzen,Germany,Jülich,Jülich,Germany
816,Gerhard,Ertl,2007,Chemistry,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,Berlin,Germany,1936-10-10,NA,male,Bad Cannstatt,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces""",Germany,Bad Cannstatt,NA,NA,Berlin,Germany
817,Doris,Lessing,2007,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1919-10-22,2013-11-17,female,Kermanshah,Iran,IR,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""that epicist of the female experience who with scepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny""",Persia (now Iran),Kermanshah,United Kingdom,London,NA,NA
818,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,NA,2007,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
819,Al,Gore,2007,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1948-03-31,NA,male,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change""",USA,Washington DC,NA,NA,NA,NA
820,Leonid,Hurwicz,2007,Economics,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis MN,USA,1917-08-21,2008-06-24,male,Moscow,Russia,RU,Minneapolis MN,USA,US,NA,3,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",Russia,Moscow,USA,Minneapolis MN,Minneapolis MN,USA
821,Eric S.,Maskin,2007,Economics,Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton NJ,USA,1950-12-12,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
822,Roger B.,Myerson,2007,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1951-03-29,NA,male,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory""",USA,Boston MA,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
823,Harald,zur Hausen,2008,Medicine,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany,1936-03-11,NA,male,Gelsenkirchen,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer""",Germany,Gelsenkirchen,NA,NA,Heidelberg,Germany
824,Françoise,Barré-Sinoussi,2008,Medicine,Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit Virology Department Institut Pasteur,Paris,France,1947-07-30,NA,female,Paris,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",France,Paris,NA,NA,Paris,France
825,Luc,Montagnier,2008,Medicine,World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention,Paris,France,1932-08-18,NA,male,Chabris,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus""",France,Chabris,NA,NA,Paris,France
826,Yoichiro,Nambu,2008,Physics,Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1921-01-18,2015-07-05,male,Tokyo,Japan,JP,Osaka,Japan,JP,NA,2,"""for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics""",Japan,Tokyo,Japan,Osaka,Chicago IL,USA
827,Makoto,Kobayashi,2008,Physics,High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),Tsukuba,Japan,1944-04-07,NA,male,Nagoya,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",Japan,Nagoya,NA,NA,Tsukuba,Japan
828,Toshihide,Maskawa,2008,Physics,Kyoto Sangyo University,Kyoto,Japan,1940-02-07,NA,male,Nagoya,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature""",Japan,Nagoya,NA,NA,Kyoto,Japan
829,Osamu,Shimomura,2008,Chemistry,Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL),Woods Hole MA,USA,1928-08-27,2018-10-19,male,Kyoto,Japan,JP,Nagasaki,Japan,JP,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP""",Japan,Kyoto,Japan,Nagasaki,Woods Hole MA,USA
830,Martin,Chalfie,2008,Chemistry,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1947-01-15,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
831,Roger Y.,Tsien,2008,Chemistry,University of California,San Diego CA,USA,1952-02-01,2016-08-24,male,New York NY,USA,US,Eugene OR,USA,US,NA,3,"""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein GFP""",USA,New York NY,USA,Eugene OR,San Diego CA,USA
832,Jean-Marie Gustave,Le Clézio,2008,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1940-04-13,NA,male,Nice,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""author of new departures poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization""",France,Nice,NA,NA,NA,NA
833,Martti,Ahtisaari,2008,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1937-06-23,NA,male,Vyborg,Finland,FI,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his important efforts on several continents and over more than three decades to resolve international conflicts""",Finland,Viipuri (now Vyborg),NA,NA,NA,NA
834,Paul,Krugman,2008,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1953-02-28,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
835,Elizabeth H.,Blackburn,2009,Medicine,University of California,San Francisco CA,USA,1948-11-26,NA,female,Hobart Tasmania,Australia,AU,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",Australia,Hobart Tasmania,NA,NA,San Francisco CA,USA
836,Carol W.,Greider,2009,Medicine,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,Baltimore MD,USA,1961-04-15,NA,female,San Diego CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",USA,San Diego CA,NA,NA,Baltimore MD,USA
837,Jack W.,Szostak,2009,Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston MA,USA,1952-11-09,NA,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase""",United Kingdom,London,NA,NA,Boston MA,USA
838,Charles K.,Kao,2009,Physics,Standard Telecommunication Laboratories,Harlow,United Kingdom,1933-11-04,2018-09-23,male,Shanghai,China,CN,Hong Kong,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication""",China,Shanghai,NA,Hong Kong,Harlow,United Kingdom
839,Willard S.,Boyle,2009,Physics,Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill NJ,USA,1924-08-19,2011-05-07,male,Amherst NS,Canada,CA,Truro NS,Canada,CA,NA,4,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",Canada,Amherst NS,Canada,Truro NS,Murray Hill NJ,USA
840,George E.,Smith,2009,Physics,Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill NJ,USA,1930-05-10,NA,male,White Plains NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor""",USA,White Plains NY,NA,NA,Murray Hill NJ,USA
841,Venkatraman,Ramakrishnan,2009,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,NA,NA,male,Chidambaram Tamil Nadu,India,IN,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",India,Chidambaram Tamil Nadu,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
842,Thomas A.,Steitz,2009,Chemistry,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1940-08-23,2018-08-23,male,Milwaukee WI,USA,US,Branford CT,USA,US,NA,3,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",USA,Milwaukee WI,USA,Branford CT,New Haven CT,USA
843,Ada E.,Yonath,2009,Chemistry,Weizmann Institute of Science,Rehovot,Israel,1939-06-22,NA,female,Jerusalem,Israel,IL,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome""",British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel),Jerusalem,NA,NA,Rehovot,Israel
844,Herta,Müller,2009,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1953-08-17,NA,female,Nitzkydorf Banat,Romania,RO,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose depicts the landscape of the dispossessed""",Romania,Nitzkydorf Banat,NA,NA,NA,NA
845,Barack,Obama,2009,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1961-08-04,NA,male,Honolulu HI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples""",USA,Honolulu HI,NA,NA,NA,NA
846,Elinor,Ostrom,2009,Economics,Indiana University,Bloomington IN,USA,1933-08-07,2012-06-12,female,Los Angeles CA,USA,US,Bloomington IN,USA,US,NA,2,"""for her analysis of economic governance especially the commons""",USA,Los Angeles CA,USA,Bloomington IN,Bloomington IN,USA
847,Oliver E.,Williamson,2009,Economics,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1932-09-27,NA,male,Superior WI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his analysis of economic governance especially the boundaries of the firm""",USA,Superior WI,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
848,Robert G.,Edwards,2010,Medicine,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1925-09-27,2013-04-10,male,Batley,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,1,"""for the development of in vitro fertilization""",United Kingdom,Batley,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom
849,Andre,Geim,2010,Physics,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,1958-10-21,NA,male,Sochi,Russia,RU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",Russia,Sochi,NA,NA,Manchester,United Kingdom
850,Konstantin,Novoselov,2010,Physics,University of Manchester,Manchester,United Kingdom,1974-08-23,NA,male,Nizhny Tagil,Russia,RU,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene""",Russia,Nizhny Tagil,NA,NA,Manchester,United Kingdom
851,Richard F.,Heck,2010,Chemistry,University of Delaware,NA,USA,1931-08-15,2015-10-09,male,Springfield MA,USA,US,Manila,Philippines,PH,NA,3,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",USA,Springfield MA,Philippines,Manila,NA,USA
852,Ei-ichi,Negishi,2010,Chemistry,Purdue University,West Lafayette IN,USA,1935-07-14,NA,male,Changchun,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",China,Changchun,NA,NA,West Lafayette IN,USA
853,Akira,Suzuki,2010,Chemistry,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan,1930-09-12,NA,male,Mukawa,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis""",Japan,Mukawa,NA,NA,Sapporo,Japan
854,Mario,Vargas Llosa,2010,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1936-03-28,NA,male,Arequipa,Peru,PE,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance revolt and defeat""",Peru,Arequipa,NA,NA,NA,NA
855,Liu,Xiaobo,2010,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1955-12-28,2017-07-13,male,Changchun,China,CN,Shenyang,China,CN,NA,1,"""for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China""",China,Changchun,China,Shenyang,NA,NA
856,Peter A.,Diamond,2010,Economics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1940-04-29,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
857,Dale T.,Mortensen,2010,Economics,Northwestern University,Evanston IL,USA,1939-02-02,2014-01-09,male,Enterprise OR,USA,US,Wilmette IL,USA,US,NA,3,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",USA,Enterprise OR,USA,Wilmette IL,Evanston IL,USA
858,Christopher A.,Pissarides,2010,Economics,London School of Economics and Political Science,London,United Kingdom,1948-02-20,NA,male,Nicosia,Cyprus,CY,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their analysis of markets with search frictions""",Cyprus,Nicosia,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom
861,Bruce A.,Beutler,2011,Medicine,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas,Dallas TX,USA,1957-12-29,NA,male,Chicago IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",USA,Chicago IL,NA,NA,Dallas TX,USA
862,Jules A.,Hoffmann,2011,Medicine,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,1941-08-02,NA,male,Echternach,Luxembourg,LU,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity""",Luxembourg,Echternach,NA,NA,Strasbourg,France
863,Ralph M.,Steinman,2011,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1943-01-14,2011-09-30,male,Montreal,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity""",Canada,Montreal,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
864,Saul,Perlmutter,2011,Physics,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley CA,USA,NA,NA,male,Champaign-Urbana IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",USA,Champaign-Urbana IL,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
865,Brian P.,Schmidt,2011,Physics,Australian National University,Weston Creek,Australia,1967-02-24,NA,male,Missoula MT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",USA,Missoula MT,NA,NA,Weston Creek,Australia
866,Adam G.,Riess,2011,Physics,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore MD,USA,1969-12-16,NA,male,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae""",USA,Washington DC,NA,NA,Baltimore MD,USA
867,Dan,Shechtman,2011,Chemistry,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Haifa,Israel,1941-01-24,NA,male,Tel Aviv,Israel,IL,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the discovery of quasicrystals""",British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel),Tel Aviv,NA,NA,Haifa,Israel
868,Tomas,Tranströmer,2011,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1931-04-15,2015-03-26,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,1,"""because through his condensed translucent images he gives us fresh access to reality""",Sweden,Stockholm,Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA
869,Ellen,Johnson Sirleaf,2011,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1938-10-29,NA,female,Monrovia,Liberia,LR,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",Liberia,Monrovia,NA,NA,NA,NA
870,Leymah,Gbowee,2011,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1972-02-01,NA,female,Monrovia,Liberia,LR,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",Liberia,Monrovia,NA,NA,NA,NA
871,Tawakkol,Karman,2011,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1979-02-07,NA,female,Ta'izz,Yemen,YE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work""",Yemen,Ta'izz,NA,NA,NA,NA
872,Thomas J.,Sargent,2011,Economics,New York University,New York NY,USA,1943-07-19,NA,male,Pasadena CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",USA,Pasadena CA,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
873,Christopher A.,Sims,2011,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1942-10-21,NA,male,Washington DC,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy""",USA,Washington DC,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
874,Sir John B.,Gurdon,2012,Medicine,Gurdon Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1933-10-02,NA,male,Dippenhall,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",United Kingdom,Dippenhall,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
875,Shinya,Yamanaka,2012,Medicine,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,1962-09-04,NA,male,Osaka,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent""",Japan,Osaka,NA,NA,Kyoto,Japan
876,Serge,Haroche,2012,Physics,Collège de France,Paris,France,1944-09-11,NA,male,Casablanca,Morocco,MA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",Morocco,Casablanca,NA,NA,Paris,France
877,David J.,Wineland,2012,Physics,National Institute of Standards and Technology,Boulder CO,USA,1944-02-24,NA,male,Milwaukee WI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems""",USA,Milwaukee WI,NA,NA,Boulder CO,USA
878,Robert J.,Lefkowitz,2012,Chemistry,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,NA,NA,1943-04-15,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,NA,NA
879,Brian,Kobilka,2012,Chemistry,Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford CA,USA,1955-05-30,NA,male,Little Falls MN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors""",USA,Little Falls MN,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
880,Mo,Yan,2012,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1955-02-02,NA,male,Gaomi,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales history and the contemporary""",China,Gaomi,NA,NA,NA,NA
881,European Union (EU),NA,2012,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation democracy and human rights in Europe""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
882,Alvin E.,Roth,2012,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1951-12-18,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
883,Lloyd S.,Shapley,2012,Economics,University of California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1923-06-02,2016-03-12,male,Cambridge MA,USA,US,Tucson AZ,USA,US,NA,2,"""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design""",USA,Cambridge MA,USA,Tucson AZ,Los Angeles CA,USA
884,James E.,Rothman,2013,Medicine,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1950-11-03,NA,male,Haverhill MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells""",USA,Haverhill MA,NA,NA,New Haven CT,USA
885,Randy W.,Schekman,2013,Medicine,University of California,Berkeley CA,USA,1948-12-30,NA,male,St. Paul MN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells""",USA,St. Paul MN,NA,NA,Berkeley CA,USA
886,Thomas C.,Südhof,2013,Medicine,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1955-12-22,NA,male,Göttingen,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic a major transport system in our cells""",Germany,Göttingen,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
887,François,Englert,2013,Physics,Université Libre de Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium,1932-11-06,NA,male,Etterbeek,Belgium,BE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",Belgium,Etterbeek,NA,NA,Brussels,Belgium
888,Peter,Higgs,2013,Physics,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,1929-05-29,NA,male,Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider""",United Kingdom,Newcastle upon Tyne,NA,NA,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
889,Martin,Karplus,2013,Chemistry,Université de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,1930-03-15,NA,male,Vienna,Austria,AT,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",Austria,Vienna,NA,NA,Strasbourg,France
890,Michael,Levitt,2013,Chemistry,Stanford University School of Medicine,Stanford CA,USA,1947-05-09,NA,male,Pretoria,South Africa,ZA,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",South Africa,Pretoria,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
891,Arieh,Warshel,2013,Chemistry,University of Southern California,Los Angeles CA,USA,1940-11-20,NA,male,Kibbutz Sde-Nahum,Israel,IL,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems""",British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel),Kibbutz Sde-Nahum,NA,NA,Los Angeles CA,USA
892,Alice,Munro,2013,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1931-07-10,NA,female,Wingham,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""master of the contemporary short story""",Canada,Wingham,NA,NA,NA,NA
893,Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons,NA,2013,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
894,Eugene F.,Fama,2013,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1939-02-14,NA,male,Boston MA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",USA,Boston MA,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
895,Lars Peter,Hansen,2013,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1952-10-26,NA,male,Urbana IL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",USA,Urbana IL,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
896,Robert J.,Shiller,2013,Economics,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1946-03-29,NA,male,Detroit MI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their empirical analysis of asset prices""",USA,Detroit MI,NA,NA,New Haven CT,USA
903,John,O'Keefe,2014,Medicine,University College,London,United Kingdom,1939-11-18,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,London,United Kingdom
904,May-Britt,Moser,2014,Medicine,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,1963-01-04,NA,female,Fosnavåg,Norway,NO,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",Norway,Fosnavåg,NA,NA,Trondheim,Norway
905,Edvard I.,Moser,2014,Medicine,Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),Trondheim,Norway,1962-04-27,NA,male,Ålesund,Norway,NO,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain""",Norway,Ålesund,NA,NA,Trondheim,Norway
906,Isamu,Akasaki,2014,Physics,Meijo University,Nagoya,Japan,1929-01-30,NA,male,Chiran,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",Japan,Chiran,NA,NA,Nagoya,Japan
907,Hiroshi,Amano,2014,Physics,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan,1960-09-11,NA,male,Hamamatsu,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",Japan,Hamamatsu,NA,NA,Nagoya,Japan
908,Shuji,Nakamura,2014,Physics,University of California,Santa Barbara CA,USA,1954-05-22,NA,male,Ikata,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources""",Japan,Ikata,NA,NA,Santa Barbara CA,USA
909,Eric,Betzig,2014,Chemistry,Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Ashburn VA,USA,1960-01-13,NA,male,Ann Arbor MI,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",USA,Ann Arbor MI,NA,NA,Ashburn VA,USA
910,Stefan W.,Hell,2014,Chemistry,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry,Göttingen,Germany,1962-12-23,NA,male,Arad,Romania,RO,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",Romania,Arad,NA,NA,Göttingen,Germany
911,William E.,Moerner,2014,Chemistry,Stanford University,Stanford CA,USA,1953-06-24,NA,male,Pleasanton CA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy""",USA,Pleasanton CA,NA,NA,Stanford CA,USA
912,Patrick,Modiano,2014,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1945-07-30,NA,male,Paris,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and
uncovered the life-world of the occupation""",France,Paris,NA,NA,NA,NA
913,Kailash,Satyarthi,2014,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1954-01-11,NA,male,Vidisha,India,IN,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",India,Vidisha,NA,NA,NA,NA
914,Malala,Yousafzai,2014,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1997-07-12,NA,female,Mingora,Pakistan,PK,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education""",Pakistan,Mingora,NA,NA,NA,NA
915,Jean,Tirole,2014,Economics,Toulouse School of Economics (TSE),Toulouse,France,1953-08-09,NA,male,Troyes,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his analysis of market power and regulation""",France,Troyes,NA,NA,Toulouse,France
916,William C.,Campbell,2015,Medicine,Drew University,Madison NJ,USA,1930-06-28,NA,male,Ramelton,Ireland,IE,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",Ireland,Ramelton,NA,NA,Madison NJ,USA
917,Satoshi,&#332;mura,2015,Medicine,Kitasato University,Tokyo,Japan,1935-07-12,NA,male,Yamanashi Prefecture,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites""",Japan,Yamanashi Prefecture,NA,NA,Tokyo,Japan
918,Tu,Youyou,2015,Medicine,China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China,1930-12-30,NA,female,Zhejiang Ningbo,China,CN,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria""",China,Zhejiang Ningbo,NA,NA,Beijing,China
919,Takaaki,Kajita,2015,Physics,University of Tokyo,Kashiwa,Japan,1959-03-09,NA,male,Higashimatsuyama,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass""",Japan,Higashimatsuyama,NA,NA,Kashiwa,Japan
920,Arthur B.,McDonald,2015,Physics,Queen's University,Kingston,Canada,1943-08-29,NA,male,Sydney,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the discovery of neutrino oscillations which shows that neutrinos have mass""",Canada,Sydney,NA,NA,Kingston,Canada
921,Tomas,Lindahl,2015,Chemistry,Francis Crick Institute,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom,1938-01-28,NA,male,Stockholm,Sweden,SE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",Sweden,Stockholm,NA,NA,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom
922,Paul,Modrich,2015,Chemistry,Howard Hughes Medical Institute,Durham NC,USA,1946-06-13,NA,male,Raton NM,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",USA,Raton NM,NA,NA,Durham NC,USA
923,Aziz,Sancar,2015,Chemistry,University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill NC,USA,1946-09-08,NA,male,Savur,Turkey,TR,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for mechanistic studies of DNA repair""",Turkey,Savur,NA,NA,Chapel Hill NC,USA
924,Svetlana,Alexievich,2015,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1948-05-31,NA,female,Ivano-Frankivsk,Ukraine,UA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for her polyphonic writings a monument to suffering and courage in our time""",Ukraine,Ivano-Frankivsk,NA,NA,NA,NA
925,National Dialogue Quartet,NA,2015,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
926,Angus,Deaton,2015,Economics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1945-10-19,NA,male,Edinburgh,Scotland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his analysis of consumption poverty and welfare""",Scotland,Edinburgh,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
927,Yoshinori,Ohsumi,2016,Medicine,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Tokyo,Japan,1945-02-09,NA,male,Fukuoka,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy""",Japan,Fukuoka,NA,NA,Tokyo,Japan
928,David J.,Thouless,2016,Physics,University of Washington,Seattle WA,USA,1934-09-21,2019-04-06,male,Bearsden,United Kingdom,GB,Cambridge,United Kingdom,GB,NA,2,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",United Kingdom,Bearsden,United Kingdom,Cambridge,Seattle WA,USA
929,F. Duncan M.,Haldane,2016,Physics,Princeton University,Princeton NJ,USA,1951-09-14,NA,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",United Kingdom,London,NA,NA,Princeton NJ,USA
930,J. Michael,Kosterlitz,2016,Physics,Brown University,Providence RI,USA,1943-06-22,NA,male,Aberdeen,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter""",United Kingdom,Aberdeen,NA,NA,Providence RI,USA
931,Jean-Pierre,Sauvage,2016,Chemistry,University of Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France,1944-10-21,NA,male,Paris,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",France,Paris,NA,NA,Strasbourg,France
932,Sir J. Fraser,Stoddart,2016,Chemistry,Northwestern University,Evanston IL,USA,1942-05-24,NA,male,Edinburgh,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",United Kingdom,Edinburgh,NA,NA,Evanston IL,USA
933,Bernard L.,Feringa,2016,Chemistry,University of Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands,1951-05-18,NA,male,Barger-Compascuum,Netherlands,NL,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for the design and synthesis of molecular machines""",the Netherlands,Barger-Compascuum,NA,NA,Groningen,the Netherlands
934,Juan Manuel,Santos,2016,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1951-08-10,NA,male,Bogotá,Colombia,CO,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his resolute efforts to bring the country’'s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end""",Colombia,Bogotá,NA,NA,NA,NA
935,Oliver,Hart,2016,Economics,Harvard University,Cambridge MA,USA,1948-10-09,NA,male,London,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",United Kingdom,London,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
936,Bengt,Holmström,2016,Economics,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Cambridge MA,USA,1949-04-18,NA,male,Helsinki,Finland,FI,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their contributions to contract theory""",Finland,Helsinki,NA,NA,Cambridge MA,USA
937,Bob,Dylan,2016,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1941-05-24,NA,male,Duluth MN,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition""",USA,Duluth MN,NA,NA,NA,NA
938,Jeffrey C.,Hall,2017,Medicine,University of Maine,Maine ME,USA,1945-05-03,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Maine ME,USA
939,Michael,Rosbash,2017,Medicine,Brandeis University,Waltham MA,USA,1944-03-07,NA,male,Kansas City MO,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm""",USA,Kansas City MO,NA,NA,Waltham MA,USA
940,Michael W.,Young,2017,Medicine,Rockefeller University,New York NY,USA,1949-03-28,NA,male,Miami FL,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm""",USA,Miami FL,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
941,Rainer,Weiss,2017,Physics,LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration,NA,NA,1932-09-29,NA,male,Berlin,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves""",Germany,Berlin,NA,NA,NA,NA
942,Barry C.,Barish,2017,Physics,LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration,NA,NA,1936-01-27,NA,male,Omaha NE,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves""",USA,Omaha NE,NA,NA,NA,NA
943,Kip S.,Thorne,2017,Physics,LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration,NA,NA,1940-06-01,NA,male,Logan UT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves""",USA,Logan UT,NA,NA,NA,NA
944,Jacques,Dubochet,2017,Chemistry,University of Lausanne,Lausanne,Switzerland,1942-06-08,NA,male,Aigle,Switzerland,CH,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution""",Switzerland,Aigle,NA,NA,Lausanne,Switzerland
945,Joachim,Frank,2017,Chemistry,Columbia University,New York NY,USA,1940-09-12,NA,male,Siegen,Germany,DE,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution""",Germany,Siegen,NA,NA,New York NY,USA
946,Richard,Henderson,2017,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1945-07-19,NA,male,Edinburgh,Scotland,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,3,"""for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution""",Scotland,Edinburgh,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
947,Kazuo,Ishiguro,2017,Literature,NA,NA,NA,1954-11-08,NA,male,Nagasaki,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""who in novels of great emotional force has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world""",Japan,Nagasaki,NA,NA,NA,NA
948,International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN),NA,2017,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,org,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons""",NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
949,Richard H.,Thaler,2017,Economics,University of Chicago,Chicago IL,USA,1945-09-12,NA,male,East Orange NJ,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,1,"""for his contributions to behavioural economics""",USA,East Orange NJ,NA,NA,Chicago IL,USA
958,James P.,Allison,2018,Medicine,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy,San Francisco CA,USA,1948-08-07,NA,male,Alice TX,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation""",USA,Alice TX,NA,NA,San Francisco CA,USA
959,Tasuku,Honjo,2018,Medicine,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan,1942-01-27,NA,male,Kyoto,Japan,JP,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation""",Japan,Kyoto,NA,NA,Kyoto,Japan
960,Arthur,Ashkin,2018,Physics,Bell Laboratories,Holmdel NJ,USA,1922-09-02,NA,male,New York NY,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,"""for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics""",2,"""for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems""",USA,New York NY,NA,NA,Holmdel NJ,USA
961,Gérard,Mourou,2018,Physics,École Polytechnique,Palaiseau,France,1944-06-22,NA,male,Albertville,France,FR,NA,NA,NA,"""for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics""",4,"""for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses""",France,Albertville,NA,NA,Palaiseau,France
962,Donna,Strickland,2018,Physics,University of Waterloo,Waterloo,Canada,1959-05-27,NA,female,Guelph,Canada,CA,NA,NA,NA,"""for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics""",4,"""for their method of generating high-intensity ultra-short optical pulses""",Canada,Guelph,NA,NA,Waterloo,Canada
963,Frances H.,Arnold,2018,Chemistry,California Institute of Technology (Caltech),Pasadena CA,USA,1956-07-25,NA,female,Pittsburgh PA,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for the directed evolution of enzymes""",USA,Pittsburgh PA,NA,NA,Pasadena CA,USA
964,George P.,Smith,2018,Chemistry,University of Missouri,Columbia,USA,1941-03-10,NA,male,Norwalk CT,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the phage display of peptides and antibodies""",USA,Norwalk CT,NA,NA,Columbia,USA
965,Sir Gregory P.,Winter,2018,Chemistry,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,United Kingdom,1951-04-14,NA,male,Leicester,United Kingdom,GB,NA,NA,NA,NA,4,"""for the phage display of peptides and antibodies""",United Kingdom,Leicester,NA,NA,Cambridge,United Kingdom
966,Denis,Mukwege,2018,Peace,NA,NA,NA,1955-03-01,NA,male,Bukavu,Democratic Republic of Congo,CD,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict""",Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo),Bukavu,NA,NA,NA,NA
967,Nadia,Murad,2018,Peace,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,female,Kojo,Iraq,IQ,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict""",Iraq,Kojo,NA,NA,NA,NA
968,William D.,Nordhaus,2018,Economics,Yale University,New Haven CT,USA,1941-05-31,NA,male,Albuquerque NM,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis""",USA,Albuquerque NM,NA,NA,New Haven CT,USA
969,Paul M.,Romer,2018,Economics,NYU Stern School of Business,New York NY,USA,NA,NA,male,Denver CO,USA,US,NA,NA,NA,NA,2,"""for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis""",USA,Denver CO,NA,NA,New York NY,USA