bfo.owl
type: Ontology
contributor: Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: Stefan Schulz
contributor: Melanie Courtot
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: BFO does not claim to be a complete coverage of all entities. It seeks only to provide coverage of those entities studied by empirical science together with those entities which affect or are involved in human activities such as data processing and planning – coverage that is sufficiently broad to provide assistance to those engaged in building domain ontologies for purposes of data annotation [17
contributor: Mark Ressler
contributor: Fabian Neuhaus
contributor: Thomas Bittner
contributor: Bjoern Peters
contributor: Mauricio Almeida
contributor: David Osumi-Sutherland
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: For both terms and relational expressions in BFO, we distinguish between primitive and defined. ‘Entity’ is an example of one such primitive term. Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms that are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms.
contributor: Leonard Jacuzzo
contributor: Janna Hastings
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
contributor: Randall Dipert
contributor: Larry Hunter
contributor: Robert Rovetto
contributor: Albert Goldfain
contributor: Chris Mungall
contributor: Barry Smith
contributor: Ludger Jansen
comment: This is an early version of BFO version 2 and has not yet been extensively reviewed by the project team members. Please see the project site http://code.google.com/p/bfo/ , the bfo2 owl discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-owl-devel , the bfo2 discussion group http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-devel, the tracking google doc http://goo.gl/IlrEE, and the current version of the bfo2 reference http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo2-reference.docx . This ontology is generated from a specification at http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/ontology/owl-group/specification/ and with the code that generates the OWL version in http://bfo.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/src/tools/. A very early version of BFO version 2 in CLIF is at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/dev/bfo.clif
contributor: Werner Ceusters
contributor: Pierre Grenon
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: BFO’s treatment of continuants and occurrents – as also its treatment of regions, rests on a dichotomy between space and time, and on the view that there are two perspectives on reality – earlier called the ‘SNAP’ and ‘SPAN’ perspectives, both of which are essential to the non-reductionist representation of reality as we understand it from the best available science [30
contributor: Jonathan Bona
contributor: Ron Rudnicki
contributor: Jie Zheng
contributor: James A. Overton
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
version IRI: bfo.owl

BFO OWL specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
sub property of: label

BFO CLIF specification label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
curator note: Really of interest to developers only
definition: Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
sub property of: label

has axiom label
type: AnnotationProperty

definition
type: AnnotationProperty

has associated axiom(nl)
type: AnnotationProperty

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty

has associated axiom(fol)
type: AnnotationProperty

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty

alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty

inheres in at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Inherence is a subrelation of s-depends_on which holds between a dependent continuant and an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. Since dependent continuants cannot migrate from one independent continuant bearer to another, it follows that if b s-depends_on independent continuant c at some time, then b s-depends_on c at all times at which a exists. Inherence is in this sense redundantly time-indexed.For example, consider the particular instance of openness inhering in my mouth at t as I prepare to take a bite out of a donut, followed by a closedness at t+1 when I bite the donut and start chewing. The openness instance is then shortlived, and to say that it s-depends_on my mouth at all times at which this openness exists, means: at all times during this short life. Every time you make a fist, you make a new (instance of the universal) fist. (Every time your hand has the fist-shaped quality, there is created a new instance of the universal fist-shaped quality.)
BFO CLIF specification label: inheresInAt
BFO OWL specification label: inheres-in_at
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'inheres in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'inheres in@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant
definition: b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002])
domain: specifically dependent continuant
sub property of: specifically depends on at all times
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

Axiom
annotated target: b inheres_in c at t =Def. b is a dependent continuant & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [051-002])
annotated source: inheres in at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/051-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (inheresInAt a b t) (and (DependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [051-002]
annotated source: inheres in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/051-002

bearer of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'bearer of@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant
definition: b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])
BFO CLIF specification label: bearerOfAt
BFO OWL specification label: bearer-of_st
range: specifically dependent continuant
sub property of: has specific dependent at some time
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

Axiom
annotated target: b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])
annotated source: bearer of at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/053-004

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
annotated source: bearer of at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/053-004

realized in
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002]
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])
BFO OWL specification label: realized-in
BFO CLIF specification label: realizedIn
range: process
domain: realizable entity

Axiom
annotated target: if a realizable entity b is realized in a process p, then p stands in the has_participant relation to the bearer of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [106-002])
annotated source: realized in
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/106-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (Process y) (realizesAt y x t) (bearerOfAt z x t)) (hasParticipantAt y z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [106-002]
annotated source: realized in
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/106-002

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003]
BFO OWL specification label: realizes
BFO CLIF specification label: realizes
elucidation: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
domain: process
range: realizable entity
inverse of: realized in

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (realizesAt x y t) (and (Process x) (or (Disposition y) (Role y)) (exists (z) (and (MaterialEntity z) (hasParticipantAt x z t) (bearerOfAt z y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [059-003]
annotated source: realizes
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/059-003

Axiom
annotated target: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
annotated source: realizes
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/059-003

participates in at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: process
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: participates-in_st
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has participant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
BFO CLIF specification label: participatesInAt
range: process
domain: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

has participant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001]
BFO OWL specification label: has-participant_st
BFO CLIF specification label: hasParticipantAt
editor note: BFO2 Reference: process
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has participant@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant
elucidation: has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])
domain: process
inverse of: participates in at some time
range: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: inheres in at all times

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/089-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001]
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/089-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001]
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/087-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003]
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/090-003

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003]
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/091-003

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/090-003

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/088-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/091-003

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001]
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/088-001

Axiom
annotated target: has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/086-003

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])
annotated source: has participant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/087-001

concretized by at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: concretized-by_st
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'concretizes at some time'] You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.
range: specifically dependent continuant
domain: generically dependent continuant

concretizes at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: concretizesAt
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'concretizes@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002]
BFO OWL specification label: concretizes_st
example of usage: You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer
example of usage: You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.
elucidation: b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])
example of usage: you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head
domain: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
inverse of: concretized by at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002]
annotated source: concretizes at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/075-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])
annotated source: concretizes at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/076-001

Axiom
annotated target: b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
annotated source: concretizes at some time
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/075-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001]
annotated source: concretizes at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/076-001

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: occursIn
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001
BFO OWL specification label: occurs-in
inverse of: contains process
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary

contains process
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: contains-process
BFO CLIF specification label: containsProcess
definition: [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t [XXX-001
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary

specifically depends on at all times
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002]
BFO CLIF specification label: specificallyDependsOn
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002]
example of usage: A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
editor note: BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
BFO OWL specification label: s-depends-on_at
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'specifically depends on@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
has associated axiom(nl): If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])
elucidation: To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
example of usage: a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
example of usage: a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
has associated axiom(nl): an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
example of usage: the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
example of usage: the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
example of usage: the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
example of usage: the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
example of usage: the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
sub property of: specifically depends on at some time

Axiom
annotated target: if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/054-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001]
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/136-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/013-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/054-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001]
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/052-001

Axiom
annotated target: If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/015-002

Axiom
annotated target: If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/136-001

Axiom
annotated target: an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/013-002

Axiom
annotated target: If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/052-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/015-002

function of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'function of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'function of@en(x,y,t)'.
BFO OWL specification label: f-of_at
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (functionOf a b t) (and (Function a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [067-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: functionOfAt
definition: a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001])
domain: function
sub property of: inheres in at all times

Axiom
annotated target: a function_of b at t =Def. a is a function and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [067-001])
annotated source: function of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/067-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (functionOf a b t) (and (Function a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [067-001]
annotated source: function of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/067-001

quality of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'quality of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'quality of@en(x,y,t)'.
definition: b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002])
BFO OWL specification label: q-of_at
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002]
BFO CLIF specification label: qualityOfAt
domain: quality
sub property of: inheres in at all times

Axiom
annotated target: b quality_of c at t = Def. b is a quality & c is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region & b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [056-002])
annotated source: quality of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/056-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (qualityOfAt a b t) (and (Quality a) (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [056-002]
annotated source: quality of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/056-002

role of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: roleOfAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'role of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'role of@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (roleOfAt a b t) (and (Role a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [065-001]
definition: a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001])
BFO OWL specification label: r-of_at
domain: role
sub property of: inheres in at all times

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (roleOfAt a b t) (and (Role a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [065-001]
annotated source: role of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/065-001

Axiom
annotated target: a role_of b at t =Def. a is a role and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [065-001])
annotated source: role of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/065-001

located in at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: located-in_at
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: locatedInAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'located in@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001]
has associated axiom(nl): Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])
example of usage: Mary located_in Salzburg
definition: b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
has associated axiom(nl): for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])
has associated axiom(nl): for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])
example of usage: the Empire State Building located_in New York.
example of usage: this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood
example of usage: this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow
example of usage: your arm located_in your body
sub property of: located in at some time

Axiom
annotated target: for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/048-001

Axiom
annotated target: for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/049-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001]
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/048-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001]
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/049-001

Axiom
annotated target: b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/045-001

Axiom
annotated target: Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/046-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001]
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/046-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001]
annotated source: located in at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/045-001

occupies spatial region at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: occupiesSpatialRegionAt
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: spatial region
BFO OWL specification label: located-at-r_st
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
elucidation: b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
has associated axiom(nl): every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])
domain: independent continuant
range: spatial region
inverse of: has spatial occupant at some time

Axiom
annotated target: b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/041-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001]
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/043-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002]
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/041-002

Axiom
annotated target: every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/042-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002]
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/042-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])
annotated source: occupies spatial region at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/043-001

generically depends on at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: genericallyDependsOn
BFO OWL specification label: g-depends-on_st
editor note: BFO2 Reference: generically dependent continuant
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
elucidation: b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001])
domain: generically dependent continuant
inverse of: has generic dependent at some time
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (exists (t) (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (exists (z) (genericallyDependsOnAt x z t_1)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [073-001]
annotated source: generically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/073-001

Axiom
annotated target: b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])
annotated source: generically depends on at some time
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/072-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b g-depends_on c at some time t, then b g-depends_on something at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [073-001])
annotated source: generically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/073-001

has function at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: hasFunctionAt
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has function@en'(x,y,t)
definition: a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])
BFO OWL specification label: has-f_st
range: function
sub property of: bearer of at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001]
annotated source: has function at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/070-001

Axiom
annotated target: a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])
annotated source: has function at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/070-001

has quality at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-q_st
range: quality
sub property of: bearer of at some time

has role at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has role@en'(x,y,t)
definition: a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: hasRoleAt
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001]
BFO OWL specification label: has-r_st
range: role
sub property of: bearer of at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001]
annotated source: has role at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/068-001

Axiom
annotated target: a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])
annotated source: has role at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/068-001

has generic dependent at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: has-g-dep_st
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] b g-depends on c at t1 means: b exists at t1 and c exists at t1 & for some type B it holds that (c instantiates B at t1) & necessarily, for all t (if b exists at t then some instance_of B exists at t) & not (b s-depends_on c at t1). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [072-002])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: generically dependent continuant
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'generically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'generically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'generically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
range: generically dependent continuant
property chain axiom: has specific dependent at some time
property chain axiom: concretizes at all times
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

disposition of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (dispositionOf a b t) (and (Disposition a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [066-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: dispositionOfAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'disposition of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'disposition of@en(x,y,t)'.
definition: a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001])
BFO OWL specification label: d-of_at
domain: disposition
sub property of: inheres in at all times

Axiom
annotated target: a disposition_of b at t =Def. a is a disposition and a inheres_in b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [066-001])
annotated source: disposition of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/066-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (dispositionOf a b t) (and (Disposition a) (inheresInAt a b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [066-001]
annotated source: disposition of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/066-001

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: exists-at
BFO CLIF specification label: existsAt
editor note: BFO2 Reference: entity
editor note: BFO2 Reference: temporal region
elucidation: b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
domain: entity
range: temporal region
inverse of: during which exists

Axiom
annotated target: b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
annotated source: exists at
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/118-002

has continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: hasContinuantPartAt
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]
definition: b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-part_at
definition: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
sub property of: has continuant part at some time

Axiom
annotated target: b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
annotated source: has continuant part at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/006-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]
annotated source: has continuant part at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/006-001

has proper continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has proper continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
BFO CLIF specification label: hasProperContinuantPartAt
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-ppart_at
definition: b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001
sub property of: has continuant part at all times
sub property of: has proper continuant part at some time

has disposition at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-d_st
BFO CLIF specification label: hasDispositionAt
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has disposition@en'(x,y,t)
definition: a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])
range: disposition
sub property of: bearer of at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001]
annotated source: has disposition at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/069-001

Axiom
annotated target: a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])
annotated source: has disposition at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/069-001

has material basis at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-material-basis_at
BFO CLIF specification label: hasMaterialBasisAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has material basis at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has material basis@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002]
elucidation: b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002])
example of usage: the material basis of John’s disposition to cough is the viral infection in John’s upper respiratory tract
example of usage: the material basis of the disposition to wear unevenly of John’s tires is the worn suspension of his car.
domain: disposition
range: material entity

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasMaterialBasisAt x y t) (and (Disposition x) (MaterialEntity y) (exists (z) (and (bearerOfAt z x t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t) (exists (w) (and (Disposition w) (if (hasDisposition z w) (continuantPartOfAt y z t))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [071-002]
annotated source: has material basis at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/071-002

Axiom
annotated target: b has_material_basis c at t means: b is a disposition & c is a material entity & there is some d bearer_of b at t& c continuant_part_of d at t& d has_disposition b at t because c continuant_part_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [071-002])
annotated source: has material basis at all times
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/071-002

has member part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] BFO2 Reference: object
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t)
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.
definition: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n > 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest
BFO OWL specification label: has-member-part_st
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'member part of at some time'] BFO2 Reference: object aggregate
domain: continuant
range: continuant
sub property of: has continuant part at some time

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent
BFO OWL specification label: o-has-part
BFO CLIF specification label: hasOccurrentPart
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
definition: b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
annotated source: has occurrent part
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/007-001

Axiom
annotated target: b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
annotated source: has occurrent part
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/007-001

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: [copied from inverse property 'proper part of occurrent'] b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: hasProperOccurrentPart
BFO OWL specification label: o-has-ppart
definition: b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
sub property of: has occurrent part

has profile
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-profile
domain: process
range: process profile

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.
definition: [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])
BFO OWL specification label: has-t-part
definition: [copied from inverse property 'temporal part of'] b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
sub property of: has occurrent part

has spatial occupant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: r-location-of_st
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: spatial region
range: independent continuant
domain: spatial region

has location at some time
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Mary located_in Salzburg
BFO OWL specification label: has-location_st
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] your arm located_in your body
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow
definition: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'located in at some time'] the Empire State Building located_in New York.
domain: independent continuant
range: independent continuant

has specific dependent at some time
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
BFO OWL specification label: has-s-dep_st
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'specifically depends on at some time'] one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant

has spatiotemporal occupant
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: occupied-by
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatiotemporal region'] p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])
range: occurrent
domain: spatiotemporal region

material basis of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: material-basis-of_st
range: disposition
domain: material entity

member part of at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: BFO2 Reference: object aggregate
BFO OWL specification label: member-part-of_st
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'member part of@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: object
definition: b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n > 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])
example of usage: each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.
example of usage: each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest
has associated axiom(nl): if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: memberPartOfAt
range: continuant
domain: continuant
inverse of: has member part at some time
sub property of: proper part of continuant at some time
sub property of: part of continuant at some time

Axiom
annotated target: b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n > 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])
annotated source: member part of at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/026-004

Axiom
annotated target: if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])
annotated source: member part of at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/104-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001]
annotated source: member part of at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/104-001

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: occupies
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: The occupies_spatiotemporal_region and occupies_temporal_region relations are the counterpart, on the occurrent side, of the relation occupies_spatial_region.
BFO CLIF specification label: occupiesSpatiotemporalRegion
elucidation: p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])
domain: occurrent
range: spatiotemporal region
inverse of: has spatiotemporal occupant

Axiom
annotated target: p occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [082-003])
annotated source: occupies spatiotemporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/082-003

part of occurrent
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has occurrent part'] b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
editor note: BFO2 Reference: occurrent
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: occurrentPartOf
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001]
BFO OWL specification label: o-part-of
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
example of usage: Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
example of usage: The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
elucidation: b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
has associated axiom(nl): occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001])
has associated axiom(nl): occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002])
has associated axiom(nl): occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001])
has associated axiom(nl): occurrent_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [125-001])
has associated axiom(nl): occurrent_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [124-001])
example of usage: the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
inverse of: has occurrent part

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y z)) (occurrentPartOf x z))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [112-001]
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/112-001

Axiom
annotated target: occurrent_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [125-001])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/125-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (occurrentPartOf v x t) (occurrentPartOf v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (occurrentPartOf w u t) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [125-001]
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/125-001

Axiom
annotated target: occurrent_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [112-001])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/112-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (occurrentPartOf y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [123-001]
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/123-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (occurrentPartOf x x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [113-002]
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/113-002

Axiom
annotated target: b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/003-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (occurrentPartOf x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (occurrentPartOf z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x t) (occurrentPartOf w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [124-001]
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/124-001

Axiom
annotated target: occurrent_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [123-001])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/123-001

Axiom
annotated target: occurrent_part_of is reflexive (every occurrent entity is an occurrent_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [113-002])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/113-002

Axiom
annotated target: occurrent_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [124-001])
annotated source: part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/124-001

process profile of
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: profile-of
BFO CLIF specification label: processProfileOf
range: process
inverse of: has profile
domain: process profile

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: t-ppart-of
BFO CLIF specification label: properTemporalPartOf
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
sub property of: proper part of occurrent
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part

proper part of continuant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'proper part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
definition: b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: properContinuantPartOfAt
BFO OWL specification label: c-ppart-of_at
sub property of: proper part of continuant at some time
sub property of: part of continuant at all times

Axiom
annotated target: b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
annotated source: proper part of continuant at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/004-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001]
annotated source: proper part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/004-001

proper part of occurrent
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001]
definition: b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])
BFO OWL specification label: o-ppart-of
BFO CLIF specification label: properOccurrentPartOf
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has proper occurrent part'] b has_proper_occurrent_part c = Def. c proper_occurrent_part_of b. [XXX-001
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
inverse of: has proper occurrent part
sub property of: part of occurrent

Axiom
annotated target: b proper_occurrent_part_of c =Def. b occurrent_part_of c & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [005-001])
annotated source: proper part of occurrent
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/005-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (properOccurrentPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [005-001]
annotated source: proper part of occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/005-001

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: t-part-of
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: temporalPartOf
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002]
definition: b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])
definition: b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002])
example of usage: the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life\. The first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game\. The process of your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the entire process of your heart beating.\ The 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life
example of usage: the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life.
example of usage: your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
inverse of: has temporal part
sub property of: part of occurrent

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (properTemporalPartOf x y) (exists (z) (and (properTemporalPartOf z y) (not (exists (w) (and (temporalPartOf w x) (temporalPartOf w z)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [117-002]
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/117-002

Axiom
annotated target: b temporal_part_of c =Def.b occurrent_part_of c & & for some temporal region t, b occupies_temporal_region t & for all occurrents d, t (if d occupies_temporal_region t & t? occurrent_part_of t then (d occurrent_part_of a iff d occurrent_part_of b)). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [078-003])
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/078-003

Axiom
annotated target: b proper_temporal_part_of c =Def. b temporal_part_of c & not (b = c). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [116-001])
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/116-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (properTemporalPartOf a b) (and (temporalPartOf a b) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [116-001]
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/116-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b proper_temporal_part_of c, then there is some d which is a proper_temporal_part_of c and which shares no parts with b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [117-002])
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/117-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (temporalPartOf a b) (and (occurrentPartOf a b) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion a t))) (forall (c t_1) (if (and (Occurrent c) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion c t_1) (occurrentPartOf t_1 r)) (iff (occurrentPartOf c a) (occurrentPartOf c b)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [078-003]
annotated source: temporal part of
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/078-003

projects onto spatial region at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: st-projects-onto-s_st
range: spatial region
domain: spatiotemporal region
inverse of: spatial projection of spatiotemporal at some time

spatial projection of spatiotemporal at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: s-projection-of-st_st
domain: spatial region
range: spatiotemporal region

projects onto temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: st-projects-onto-t
range: temporal region
domain: spatiotemporal region
sub property of: exists at
inverse of: temporal projection of spatiotemporal

temporal projection of spatiotemporal
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: t-projection-of-st
domain: temporal region
range: spatiotemporal region
sub property of: during which exists

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: occupiesTemporalRegion
BFO OWL specification label: spans
elucidation: p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])
domain: occurrent
range: temporal region
sub property of: exists at
inverse of: has temporal occupant

Axiom
annotated target: p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])
annotated source: occupies temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/132-001

has temporal occupant
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'occupies temporal region'] p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [132-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: spanOf
BFO OWL specification label: span-of
range: occurrent
domain: temporal region
sub property of: during which exists

during which exists
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: during-which-exists
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: entity
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'exists at'] BFO2 Reference: temporal region
range: entity
domain: temporal region

bearer of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'bearer of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'bearer of@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
definition: b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])
BFO OWL specification label: bearer-of_at
BFO CLIF specification label: bearerOfAt
range: specifically dependent continuant
sub property of: has specific dependent at all times
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (bearerOfAt a b t) (and (specificallyDependsOnAt b a t) (IndependentContinuant a) (not (SpatialRegion a)) (existsAt b t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [053-004]
annotated source: bearer of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/053-004

Axiom
annotated target: b bearer_of c at t =Def. c s-depends_on b at t & b is an independent continuant that is not a spatial region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [053-004])
annotated source: bearer of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/053-004

has quality at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-q_at
range: quality
sub property of: bearer of at all times

has function at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-f_at
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has function at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has function@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001]
definition: a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: hasFunctionAt
range: function
sub property of: bearer of at all times

Axiom
annotated target: a has_function b at t =Def. b function_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [070-001])
annotated source: has function at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/070-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasFunctionAt a b t) (functionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [070-001]
annotated source: has function at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/070-001

has role at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: hasRoleAt
BFO OWL specification label: has-r_at
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has role at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has role@en(x,y,t)'.
definition: a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])
range: role
sub property of: bearer of at all times

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasRoleAt a b t) (roleOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [068-001]
annotated source: has role at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/068-001

Axiom
annotated target: a has_role b at t =Def. b role_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [068-001])
annotated source: has role at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/068-001

has disposition at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has disposition at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has disposition@en(x,y,t)'.
definition: a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])
BFO OWL specification label: has-d_at
BFO CLIF specification label: hasDispositionAt
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001]
range: disposition
sub property of: bearer of at all times

Axiom
annotated target: a has_disposition b at t =Def. b disposition_of a at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [069-001])
annotated source: has disposition at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/069-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasDispositionAt a b t) (dispositionOf b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [069-001]
annotated source: has disposition at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/069-001

material basis of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: material-basis-of_at
range: disposition
domain: material entity
sub property of: material basis of at some time

concretizes at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'concretizes at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'concretizes@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002]
BFO OWL specification label: concretizes_at
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001]
example of usage: You may concretize a piece of software by installing it in your computer
example of usage: You may concretize a recipe that you find in a cookbook by turning it into a plan which exists as a realizable dependent continuant in your head.
elucidation: b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
BFO CLIF specification label: concretizesAt
has associated axiom(nl): if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])
example of usage: you may concretize a poem as a pattern of memory traces in your head
sub property of: concretizes at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (concretizesAt x y t) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (genericallyDependsOnAt y z t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [075-002]
annotated source: concretizes at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/075-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (genericallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (concretizesAt z x t) (specificallyDependsOnAt z y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [076-001]
annotated source: concretizes at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/076-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b g-depends on c at some time t, then there is some d, such that d concretizes b at t and d s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [076-001])
annotated source: concretizes at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/076-001

Axiom
annotated target: b concretizes c at t means: b is a specifically dependent continuant & c is a generically dependent continuant & for some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, b s-depends_on d at t & c g-depends on d at t & if c migrates from bearer d to another bearer e than a copy of b will be created in e. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [075-002])
annotated source: concretizes at all times
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/075-002

concretized by at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: concretized-by_at
sub property of: concretized by at some time

participates in at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO CLIF specification label: participatesInAt
BFO OWL specification label: participates-in_at
sub property of: participates in at some time

has participant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant that is not a spatial region, specifically dependent continuant, generically dependent continuant
editor note: BFO2 Reference: process
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001]
BFO OWL specification label: has-participant_at
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: hasParticipantAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has participant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has participant@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
elucidation: has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])
domain: process
sub property of: has participant at some time
range: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region

Axiom
annotated target: has_participant is an instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a temporal region at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [086-003])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/086-003

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t & c is a generically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, and which is such that c g-depends on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [091-003])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/091-003

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [090-003]
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/090-003

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (existsAt y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [089-001]
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/089-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [088-001])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/088-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [088-001]
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/088-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then b is an occurrent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [087-001])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/087-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (hasParticipantAt x y t) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [087-001]
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/087-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (hasParticipantAt x y t) (GenericallyDependentContinuant y)) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (genericallyDependsOn y z t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [091-003]
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/091-003

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t then c exists at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [089-001])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/089-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b has_participant c at t & c is a specifically dependent continuant, then there is some independent continuant that is not a spatial region d, c s-depends_on d at t & b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [090-003])
annotated source: has participant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/090-003

has specific dependent at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-s-dep_at
sub property of: has specific dependent at some time

specifically depends on at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: s-depends-on_st
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: specifically dependent continuant\; process; process boundary
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: specificallyDependsOn
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'specifically depends on at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'specifically depends on@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002]
example of usage: A pain s-depends_on the organism that is experiencing the pain
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: An entity – for example an act of communication or a game of football – can s-depends_on more than one entity. Complex phenomena for example in the psychological and social realms (such as inferring, commanding and requesting) or in the realm of multi-organismal biological processes (such as infection and resistance), will involve multiple families of dependence relations, involving both continuants and occurrents [1, 4, 28
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: S-dependence is just one type of dependence among many; it is what, in the literature, is referred to as ‘existential dependence’ [87, 46, 65, 20
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: the relation of s-depends_on does not in every case require simultaneous existence of its relata. Note the difference between such cases and the cases of continuant universals defined historically: the act of answering depends existentially on the prior act of questioning; the human being who was baptized or who answered a question does not himself depend existentially on the prior act of baptism or answering. He would still exist even if these acts had never taken place.
has associated axiom(nl): If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])
elucidation: To say that b s-depends_on a at t is to say that b and c do not share common parts & b is of its nature such that it cannot exist unless c exists & b is not a boundary of c and b is not a site of which c is the host [64
example of usage: a gait s-depends_on the walking object. (All at some specific time.)
example of usage: a shape s-depends_on the shaped object
has associated axiom(nl): an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of headache s-depends_on some head
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a dependent continuant on an independent continuant: an instance of temperature s-depends_on some organism
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: a process of cell death s-depends_on a cell
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of a process on something: an instance of seeing (a relational process) s-depends_on some organism and on some seen entity, which may be an occurrent or a continuant
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of answering a question is dependent on a prior process of asking a question
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on another: a process of obeying a command is dependent on a prior process of issuing a command
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of hitting a ball with a cricket bat
example of usage: one-sided s-dependence of one occurrent on multiple independent continuants: a relational process of paying cash to a merchant in exchange for a bag of figs
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of buying and the associated process of selling
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: a process of increasing the volume of a portion of gas while temperature remains constant and the associated process of decreasing the pressure exerted by the gas
example of usage: reciprocal s-dependence between occurrents: in a game of chess the process of playing with the white pieces is mutually dependent on the process of playing with the black pieces
example of usage: the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: football match on the players, the ground, the ball
example of usage: the one-sided dependence of an occurrent on an independent continuant: handwave on a hand
example of usage: the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the hue, saturation and brightness of a color [45
example of usage: the three-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the pitch, timbre and volume of a tone [45
example of usage: the two-sided reciprocal s-dependence of the roles of husband and wife [20
inverse of: has specific dependent at some time
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
  union of: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant

Axiom
annotated target: an entity does not s-depend_on any of its (continuant or occurrent) parts or on anything it is part of. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [013-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/013-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (not (MaterialEntity x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [052-001]
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/052-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (Occurrent x) (IndependentContinuant y) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t_1))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [015-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/015-002

Axiom
annotated target: If b is s-depends_on something at some time, then b is not a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [052-001])
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/052-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b s-depends_on c at t & c s-depends_on d at t then b s-depends_on d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [054-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/054-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (Entity x) (or (continuantPartOfAt y x t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (occurrentPartOf x y) (occurrentPartOf y x))) (not (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [013-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/013-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (exists (z) (and (IndependentContinuant z) (not (SpatialRegion z)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [136-001]
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/136-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (specificallyDependsOnAt x y t) (specificallyDependsOnAt y z t)) (specificallyDependsOnAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [054-002]
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/054-002

Axiom
annotated target: If b s-depends_on something at t, then there is some c, which is an independent continuant and not a spatial region, such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [136-001])
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/136-001

Axiom
annotated target: If occurrent b s-depends_on some independent continuant c at t, then b s-depends_on c at every time at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [015-002])
annotated source: specifically depends on at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/015-002

has location at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-location_at
sub property of: has location at some time

located in at some time
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: locatedInAt
BFO OWL specification label: located-in_st
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001]
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'located in at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'located in@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(nl): Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])
example of usage: Mary located_in Salzburg
definition: b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
has associated axiom(nl): for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])
has associated axiom(nl): for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])
example of usage: the Empire State Building located_in New York.
example of usage: this portion of cocaine located_in this portion of blood
example of usage: this stem cell located_in this portion of bone marrow
example of usage: your arm located_in your body
domain: independent continuant
range: independent continuant
inverse of: has location at some time

Axiom
annotated target: Located_in is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [046-001])
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/046-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [048-001]
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/048-001

Axiom
annotated target: b located_in c at t = Def. b and c are independent continuants, and the region at which b is located at t is a (proper or improper) continuant_part_of the region at which c is located at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [045-001])
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/045-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (locatedInAt a b t) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (IndependentContinuant b) (exists (r_1 r_2) (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt a r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt b r_2 t) (continuantPartOfAt r_1 r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [045-001]
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/045-001

Axiom
annotated target: for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b located_in c at t & c continuant_part_of d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [049-001])
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/049-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (locatedInAt x y t) (locatedInAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [046-001]
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/046-001

Axiom
annotated target: for all independent continuants b, c, and d: if b continuant_part_of c at t & c located_in d at t, then b located_in d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [048-001])
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/048-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (IndependentContinuant y) (IndependentContinuant z) (locatedInAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (locatedInAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [049-001]
annotated source: located in at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/049-001

has member part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-member-part_at
sub property of: has continuant part at all times
sub property of: has proper continuant part at all times
sub property of: has member part at some time

member part of at all times
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: BFO2 Reference: object
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'member part of at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'member part of@en(x,y,t)'.
BFO CLIF specification label: memberPartOfAt
editor note: BFO2 Reference: object aggregate
BFO OWL specification label: member-part-of_at
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001]
definition: b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n > 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])
example of usage: each piece in a chess set is a member part of the chess set; each Beatle in the collection called The Beatles is a member part of The Beatles.
example of usage: each tree in a forest is a member_part of the forest
has associated axiom(nl): if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])
sub property of: member part of at some time
sub property of: proper part of continuant at all times
sub property of: part of continuant at all times

Axiom
annotated target: b member_part_of c at t =Def. b is an object & there is at t a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of c into objects x1, …, xn (for some n > 1) with b = xi for some 1 ? i ? n. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [026-004])
annotated source: member part of at all times
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/026-004

Axiom
annotated target: if b member_part_of c at t then b continuant_part_of c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [104-001])
annotated source: member part of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/104-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (memberPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [104-001]
annotated source: member part of at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/104-001

has proper continuant part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
definition: b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-ppart_st
definition: [copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: hasProperContinuantPartAt
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'proper part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
domain: continuant
range: continuant
sub property of: has continuant part at some time

proper part of continuant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-ppart-of_st
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'proper part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
BFO CLIF specification label: properContinuantPartOfAt
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has proper continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has proper continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001]
definition: b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
range: continuant
domain: continuant
inverse of: has proper continuant part at some time
sub property of: part of continuant at some time

Axiom
annotated target: b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
annotated source: proper part of continuant at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/004-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001]
annotated source: proper part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/004-001

part of continuant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: continuantPartOfAt
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at some time'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
BFO OWL specification label: c-part-of_st
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
example of usage: Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
elucidation: b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
example of usage: the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
domain: continuant
range: continuant
inverse of: has continuant part at some time

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/121-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/122-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/110-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/111-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/110-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/120-001

Axiom
annotated target: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/028-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/121-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/047-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/047-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/028-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/111-002

Axiom
annotated target: b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/002-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/122-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/120-001

part of continuant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuant
BFO CLIF specification label: continuantPartOfAt
BFO OWL specification label: c-part-of_at
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
example of usage: Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
elucidation: b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
example of usage: the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
sub property of: part of continuant at some time

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/110-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/110-001

Axiom
annotated target: b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/002-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/047-002

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/122-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/121-001

Axiom
annotated target: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/028-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/028-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/120-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/111-002

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/120-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/122-001

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/121-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/047-002

Axiom
annotated target: continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
annotated source: part of continuant at all times
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/111-002

has continuant part at some time
type: ObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-part_st
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuant
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: hasContinuantPartAt
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'has continuant part@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'part of continuant@en'(x,y,t)
definition: b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
domain: continuant
range: continuant

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]
annotated source: has continuant part at some time
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/006-001

Axiom
annotated target: b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
annotated source: has continuant part at some time
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/006-001

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: has-t-ppart
range: occurrent
domain: occurrent
sub property of: has proper occurrent part
sub property of: has temporal part

history of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has history'] b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001
elucidation: b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001
BFO CLIF specification label: historyOf
BFO OWL specification label: history-of
domain: process
range: material entity
sub property of: occurs in
sub property of: specifically depends on at all times
inverse of: has history

has history
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'history of'] b history_of c if c is a material entity or site and b is a history that is the unique history of cAxiom: if b history_of c and b history_of d then c=d [XXX-001
BFO CLIF specification label: hasHistory
BFO OWL specification label: has-history
definition: b has_history c iff c history_of b [XXX-001
range: process
domain: material entity
sub property of: contains process
sub property of: participates in at all times

part of continuant at all times that whole exists
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor note: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
definition: forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
BFO OWL specification label: c-part-of-object_at
domain: continuant
range: continuant
inverse of: has continuant part at all times
sub property of: part of continuant at some time

Axiom
annotated target: forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
annotated source: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000598

Axiom
annotated target: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
annotated source: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000599

has continuant part at all times that part exists
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuant
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
editor note: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-part-object_at
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
definition: forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
range: continuant
domain: continuant
inverse of: part of continuant at all times
sub property of: has continuant part at some time

Axiom
annotated target: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
annotated source: has continuant part at all times that part exists
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000600

Axiom
annotated target: forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
annotated source: has continuant part at all times that part exists
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000599

entity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exists at
  some values from: temporal region
BFO OWL specification label: entity
elucidation: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: Entity
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
editor note: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
example of usage: Julius Caesar
example of usage: Verdi’s Requiem
example of usage: the Second World War
example of usage: your body mass index

Axiom
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith
annotated target: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
annotated source: entity
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000004

Axiom
annotated target: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
annotated source: entity
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/001-001

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
disjoint with: occurrent
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
BFO CLIF specification label: Continuant
BFO OWL specification label: continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
elucidation: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
editor note: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated target: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated target: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated target: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000007

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
BFO CLIF specification label: Occurrent
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
BFO OWL specification label: occurrent
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
elucidation: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
has associated axiom(nl): Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
editor note: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
editor note: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
has associated axiom(nl): b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])

Axiom
annotated target: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000012

Axiom
annotated target: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/077-002

Axiom
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith
annotated target: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000006

Axiom
annotated target: b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

Axiom
annotated target: Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
      union of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on at some time
  all values from: Nothing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
      union of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  some values from: spatial region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
has associated axiom(nl): For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has associated axiom(nl): For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
BFO OWL specification label: ic
BFO CLIF specification label: IndependentContinuant
example of usage: a chair
example of usage: a heart
example of usage: a leg
example of usage: a molecule
example of usage: a spatial region
example of usage: an atom
example of usage: an orchestra.
example of usage: an organism
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
example of usage: the bottom right portion of a human torso
example of usage: the interior of your mouth

Axiom
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  has self: true
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has spatial occupant at some time
  has self: true
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: spatial region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: SpatialRegion
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
BFO OWL specification label: s-region
elucidation: A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
has associated axiom(nl): All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
editor note: Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/575
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  has self: true

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/036-001

Axiom
annotated target: All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/036-001

Axiom
annotated target: A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/035-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/035-001

Axiom
annotated target: Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith
annotated source: spatial region
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000002

Axiom
annotated source: spatial region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/576
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: has spatial occupant at some time
  has self: true

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies temporal region
  has self: true
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal occupant
  has self: true
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
BFO OWL specification label: t-region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
elucidation: A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
has associated axiom(nl): All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
editor note: Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
BFO CLIF specification label: TemporalRegion
has associated axiom(nl): Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/119-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/101-001

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/163
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: occupies temporal region
  has self: true

Axiom
annotated target: Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/119-002

Axiom
annotated target: All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/101-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/100-001

Axiom
annotated source: temporal region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/164
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: has temporal occupant
  has self: true

Axiom
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith
annotated target: Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000003

Axiom
annotated target: A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
annotated source: temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/100-001

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: three-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: three-dimensional spatial region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion
BFO OWL specification label: 2d-s-region
elucidation: A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
example of usage: an infinitely thin plane in space.
example of usage: the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space

Axiom
annotated target: A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
annotated source: two-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/039-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
annotated source: two-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/039-001

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatiotemporal region
  has self: true
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: projects onto spatial region at some time
  some values from: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: projects onto temporal region
  some values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has spatiotemporal occupant
  has self: true
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
has associated axiom(nl): All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
has associated axiom(nl): Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
has associated axiom(nl): Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
BFO CLIF specification label: SpatiotemporalRegion
BFO OWL specification label: st-region
elucidation: A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
example of usage: the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/099-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/165
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatiotemporal region
  has self: true

Axiom
annotated target: All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/096-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/095-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/096-001

Axiom
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/166
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  on property: has spatiotemporal occupant
  has self: true

Axiom
annotated target: A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/095-001

Axiom
annotated target: Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/107-002

Axiom
annotated target: Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/098-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/107-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/098-001

Axiom
annotated target: Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
annotated source: spatiotemporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/099-001

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifically depends on at some time
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  all values from: process
BFO OWL specification label: process
BFO CLIF specification label: Process
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
example of usage: a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
example of usage: a process of meiosis
example of usage: a process of sleeping
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
example of usage: the course of a disease
example of usage: the flight of a bird
example of usage: the life of an organism
example of usage: your process of aging.

Axiom
annotated target: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
annotated source: process
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
annotated source: process
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: role
disjoint with: role
BFO OWL specification label: disposition
BFO CLIF specification label: Disposition
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
has associated axiom(nl): If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
example of usage: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
elucidation: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
example of usage: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
example of usage: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
example of usage: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated target: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated target: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: quality
disjoint with: quality
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
BFO CLIF specification label: RealizableEntity
has associated axiom(nl): All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
elucidation: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
BFO OWL specification label: realizable
example of usage: the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
example of usage: the disposition of your blood to coagulate
example of usage: the function of your reproductive organs
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated target: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated target: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
annotated source: realizable entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional spatial region
      union of: one-dimensional spatial region
      union of: three-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional spatial region
      union of: one-dimensional spatial region
      union of: three-dimensional spatial region
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-s-region
elucidation: A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])

Axiom
annotated target: A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
annotated source: zero-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/037-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
annotated source: zero-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/037-001

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: realizable entity
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: Quality
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
BFO OWL specification label: quality
has associated axiom(nl): If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
elucidation: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
example of usage: the ambient temperature of this portion of air
example of usage: the color of a tomato
example of usage: the length of the circumference of your waist
example of usage: the mass of this piece of gold.
example of usage: the shape of your nose
example of usage: the shape of your nostril

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

Axiom
annotated target: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
annotated source: quality
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated target: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheres in at all times
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: independent continuant
      union of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: independent continuant
      union of: generically dependent continuant
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
BFO OWL specification label: sdc
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
example of usage: Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
editor note: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
BFO CLIF specification label: SpecificallyDependentContinuant
definition: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
example of usage: of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
example of usage: of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
example of usage: the disposition of this fish to decay
example of usage: the function of this heart: to pump blood
example of usage: the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
example of usage: the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
example of usage: the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the shape of this hole.
example of usage: the smell of this portion of mozzarella

Axiom
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated target: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated target: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000005

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: disposition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: disposition
BFO OWL specification label: role
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
example of usage: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
BFO CLIF specification label: Role
elucidation: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
example of usage: the priest role
example of usage: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
example of usage: the role of a building in serving as a military target
example of usage: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
example of usage: the role of subject in a clinical trial
example of usage: the student role

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
annotated source: role
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

Axiom
annotated target: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
annotated source: role
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

fiat object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
BFO CLIF specification label: FiatObjectPart
elucidation: b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
BFO OWL specification label: fiat-object
example of usage: or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
example of usage: the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
example of usage: the Western hemisphere of the Earth
example of usage: the division of the brain into regions
example of usage: the division of the planet into hemispheres
example of usage: the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
example of usage: the upper and lower lobes of the left lung

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
annotated source: fiat object
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/027-004

Axiom
annotated target: b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
annotated source: fiat object
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/027-004

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional spatial region
      union of: three-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional spatial region
      union of: three-dimensional spatial region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalSpatialRegion
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-s-region
elucidation: A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
example of usage: an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
annotated source: one-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/038-001

Axiom
annotated target: A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
annotated source: one-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/038-001

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO OWL specification label: object-aggregate
BFO CLIF specification label: ObjectAggregate
definition source: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
editor note: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
example of usage: a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
example of usage: a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
example of usage: a symphony orchestra
example of usage: an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
elucidation: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
example of usage: defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
example of usage: defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
example of usage: defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
example of usage: defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
example of usage: the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
example of usage: the aggregate of blood cells in your body
example of usage: the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
example of usage: the restaurants in Palo Alto
example of usage: your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.

Axiom
annotated target: b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

Axiom
annotated target: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000011

Axiom
annotated target: ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: definition source
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000300

Axiom
annotated target: An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000301

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
annotated source: object aggregate
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/025-004

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
BFO OWL specification label: 3d-s-region
BFO CLIF specification label: ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion
elucidation: A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
example of usage: a cube-shaped region of space
example of usage: a sphere-shaped region of space,

Axiom
annotated target: A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
annotated source: three-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/040-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
annotated source: three-dimensional spatial region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/040-001

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
BFO CLIF specification label: Site
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
example of usage: a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
example of usage: a rabbit hole
example of usage: an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
elucidation: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
BFO OWL specification label: site
example of usage: Manhattan Canyon)
example of usage: the Grand Canyon
example of usage: the Piazza San Marco
example of usage: the cockpit of an aircraft
example of usage: the hold of a ship
example of usage: the interior of a kangaroo pouch
example of usage: the interior of the trunk of your car
example of usage: the interior of your bedroom
example of usage: the interior of your office
example of usage: the interior of your refrigerator
example of usage: the lumen of your gut
example of usage: your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
annotated source: site
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/034-002

Axiom
annotated target: b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
annotated source: site
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/034-002

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
BFO CLIF specification label: Object
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO OWL specification label: object
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
example of usage: atom
elucidation: b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
example of usage: cell
example of usage: cells and organisms
example of usage: engineered artifacts
example of usage: grain of sand
example of usage: molecule
example of usage: organelle
example of usage: organism
example of usage: planet
example of usage: solid portions of matter
example of usage: star

Axiom
annotated target: b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
annotated source: object
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/024-001

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: independent continuant
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concretized by at some time
  some values from: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: independent continuant
      union of: specifically dependent continuant
BFO OWL specification label: gdc
BFO CLIF specification label: GenericallyDependentContinuant
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
example of usage: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
example of usage: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
example of usage: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO OWL specification label: function
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
elucidation: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
BFO CLIF specification label: Function
example of usage: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
example of usage: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
example of usage: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar

Axiom
annotated target: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
annotated source: function
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
annotated source: function
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatiotemporal region
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: spatiotemporal region
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: temporal part of
      some values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exists at
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
has associated axiom(nl): Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
BFO CLIF specification label: ProcessBoundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
BFO OWL specification label: p-boundary
example of usage: the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/084-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/085-002

Axiom
annotated target: Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/085-002

Axiom
annotated target: p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
annotated source: process boundary
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/084-001

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-t-region
elucidation: A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
example of usage: the temporal region during which a process occurs.

Axiom
annotated target: A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
annotated source: one-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/103-001

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
annotated source: one-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/103-001

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    union of: material entity
    union of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  all values from: three-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    union of: material entity
    union of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: material entity
disjoint with: immaterial entity
BFO OWL specification label: material
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
BFO CLIF specification label: MaterialEntity
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
elucidation: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
has associated axiom(nl): Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
example of usage: a flame
example of usage: a forest fire
example of usage: a human being
example of usage: a hurricane
example of usage: a photon
example of usage: a puff of smoke
example of usage: a sea wave
example of usage: a tornado
example of usage: an aggregate of human beings.
example of usage: an energy wave
example of usage: an epidemic
has associated axiom(nl): every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
example of usage: the undetached arm of a human being

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated target: every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated target: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

Axiom
annotated target: Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occupies spatial region at some time
  all values from: Class
    union of: two-dimensional spatial region
    union of: zero-dimensional spatial region
    union of: one-dimensional spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: spatial region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of continuant at all times that whole exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: spatial region
BFO CLIF specification label: ContinuantFiatBoundary
BFO OWL specification label: cf-boundary
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
editor note: Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
has associated axiom(nl): Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
definition: b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])

Axiom
annotated target: Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000008

Axiom
annotated target: b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/029-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
annotated source: continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/029-001

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: immaterial entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: immaterial entity
BFO CLIF specification label: ImmaterialEntity
BFO OWL specification label: immaterial
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10

one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
BFO OWL specification label: 1d-cf-boundary
example of usage: The Equator
elucidation: a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
example of usage: all geopolitical boundaries
example of usage: all lines of latitude and longitude
example of usage: the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
example of usage: the median sulcus of your tongue

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
annotated source: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/032-001

Axiom
annotated target: a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
annotated source: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/032-001

process profile
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: process profile of
  some values from: process
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  some values from: process
disjoint with: history
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
BFO CLIF specification label: ProcessProfile
BFO OWL specification label: process-profile
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
example of usage: On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
example of usage: One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
example of usage: The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
definition: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
elucidation: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])

Axiom
annotated target: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

Axiom
annotated target: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

relational quality
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in at all times
    on class: independent continuant
    min qualified cardinality: 2
subclass of: quality
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
example of usage: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
BFO CLIF specification label: RelationalQuality
example of usage: a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another.
BFO OWL specification label: r-quality
definition: b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
annotated source: relational quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/057-001

Axiom
annotated source: relational quality
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000568
annotated property: equivalentClass
annotated target: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: inheres in at all times
    on class: independent continuant
    min qualified cardinality: 2

Axiom
annotated target: b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
annotated source: relational quality
annotated property: definition
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/057-001

two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
BFO OWL specification label: 2d-cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
elucidation: a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
annotated source: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/033-001

Axiom
annotated target: a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
annotated source: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/033-001

zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at all times that part exists
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
      union of: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has continuant part at some time
  all values from: Class
    complement of: Class
      union of: one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
      union of: two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-cf-boundary
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary
elucidation: a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
example of usage: the geographic North Pole
example of usage: the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
example of usage: the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
editor note: zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Axiom
annotated target: a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/031-001

Axiom
annotated target: (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/031-001

Axiom
comment: requested by Melanie Courtot
annotated target: zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
annotated source: zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
annotated property: editor note
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000001

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has proper occurrent part
  all values from: Nothing
BFO OWL specification label: 0d-t-region
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
elucidation: A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion
example of usage: a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
example of usage: right now
alternative term: temporal instant.
example of usage: the moment at which a child is born
example of usage: the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
example of usage: the moment of death.

Axiom
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
annotated source: zero-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/102-001

Axiom
annotated target: A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
annotated source: zero-dimensional temporal region
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/102-001

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of occurrent
  all values from: Class
    complement of: process profile
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: history of
  some values from: continuant
elucidation: A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
BFO CLIF specification label: History
BFO OWL specification label: history

Axiom
annotated target: A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
annotated source: history
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/138-001

bfo-spec-label
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

BFO_0000134
elucidation: To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])
elucidation: To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])

Axiom
annotated target: To say that each spatiotemporal region s temporally_projects_onto some temporal region t is to say that t is the temporal extension of s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [080-003])
annotated source: BFO_0000134
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/080-003

Axiom
annotated target: To say that spatiotemporal region s spatially_projects_onto spatial region r at t is to say that r is the spatial extent of s at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [081-003])
annotated source: BFO_0000134
annotated property: elucidation
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/081-003