Battery Domain Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: battinfo-inferred
abstract: A battery interface domain ontology based on EMMO. This file is intended to be empty and merely collecting the other ontologies. Released under the Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
abstract: CHAMEO is a domain ontology designed to model the common aspects across the different characterisation techniques and methodologies.
abstract: Defines physical quantities in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). ISQ was made an official ISO standard in 2009 and is defined in the ISO/IEC 80000 standard. ISQ underlines the SI system and defines physical quanties that are measured with SI units. ISQ has 7 base quantities and many derived quantities defined in terms of the 7 base quantities. The number of derived quantities not closed and may increase based on the need by domain ontologies.
abstract: Defines properties as the result of an observation process. Observation is a semiotic process that stimulate an interpretant within the interpreter who communicates the perception result to other interpreters through a sign, which is the property. Hence, properties creates a link between the holistic and the perceptual perspectives. Subclasses of property are subclasses that spesialise the type of observation process.
abstract: Defines the formal language of metrology, including theoretical and practical aspects of measurements. This module is based on the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) as well as the ISO/IEC 80000 standard.
abstract: Defines the holistic perspective which include process and the role of its participants. Processes are 4D object's that unfolds in time in a way that has a meaning to the ontologist with participants who's role is assigned by the ontologist.
abstract: Defines the perceptual perspective, which categorises real world objects according to how they are percieved by an user as a recognisable pattern in space or time. The perceptual module includes formal languages, pictures, geometry, mathematics and sounds. Phenomenic objects can be used in a semiotic process as signs.
abstract: Defines the reductionistic perspective, which uses the fundamental non-transitive parthood relation, called direct parthood, to provide a powerful granularity description of multiscale real world objects. EMMO can in principle represents the Universe with direct parthood relations as a direct rooted tree up to its elementary constituents. In addition to direct parthood, the reductionistic module defines 'State' as a tesselation of spatial direct parts with no change of granularity or cardinality and 'Existent' as a tesselation of temporal direct parts.
abstract: Defines the root of the physicalistic perspective that introduces the concept of real world objects that have a meaning for the ontologist under an applied physics perspective.
abstract: Describes manufacturing processes with engineered participants. The module also provides a root for engineered materials.
abstract: Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
abstract: Introduces the fundamental mereocausal (and mereotopological) concepts of EMMO and their relations with the real world entities that they represent. EMMO uses mereocausality as the ground for all the subsequent ontology modules. The concept of causal connection is used to define the first distinction between ontology entities namely the item and collections. Items are causally self-connected objects, while collections are causally disconnected. Quantum mereology is based on the concept of quantum entity. This module introduces also the fundamental mereotopological relations used to distinguish between space and time dimensions, making spacetime emerge from underlying network of causal relations between quantum entities.
abstract: Key concepts from the domain of computer science.
abstract: The 'noncoherentsiunits' module contains non-coherent SI derived units. This include .
abstract: The Battery Domain Ontology, a specialized domain within the Elementary Multiperspective Materials Ontology (EMMO), encompasses essential terms and relationships for battery components, cells, interfaces, methods, models, and data. Its primary objective is to enable the creation of linked and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data, thereby fostering advancements in research and innovation within the realm of batteries. This ontology serves as a foundational resource for harmonizing battery knowledge representation, enhancing data interoperability, and accelerating progress in battery research and development.
abstract: The EMMO perspectives level ontology is a container for the EMMO perspectives level ontologies. The perspectives level ontologies act as roots for extending the EMMO towards specific application domains. They describe the world from different perspectives, including - physicalistic - holistic - reductionistic - perceptual - data - semiotic - persistence
abstract: The Electrochemistry Domain Ontology, a specialized domain within the Elementary Multiperspective Materials Ontology (EMMO), encompasses essential terms and relationships for electrochemical systems, materials, methods, and data. Its primary objective is to enable the creation of linked and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data, thereby fostering advancements in research and innovation within the realm of electrochemistry. This ontology serves as a foundational resource for harmonizing electrochemical knowledge representation, enhancing data interoperability, and accelerating progress in electrochemical research and development.
abstract: The chemistry module populates the physicalistic perspective with materials subclasses categorised according to modern applied chemistry.
abstract: The materials module populates the physicalistic perspective with materials subclasses categorised according to modern applied physical sciences.
abstract: The math module defines the formal language of mathematics. Mathematical objects represents graphical objects based on graphical symbols arranged according the rules of math.
abstract: The models module defines models as semiotic signs that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape or by sharing a similar logical structure.
abstract: The module 'coherentsiunits' contain coherent derived SI units. For each physical dimensionality there exists one and only one coherent derived SI unit. Examples of such units are m/s, Pa·m, etc...
abstract: The module 'prefixedsiunits' contains prefixed SI units, like km, ms, MPa, etc...
abstract: The module 'siacceptedunits' include non-SI units that are accepted for use with the SI units as well as derived units constructed from SI and SI-accepted units.
abstract: The module 'sidimensionalunits' defines SI dimensional unit classes. These classes provide a categorisation of all units according to their SI physical dimensions. This module provides a connection between physical quantities defined in the 'isq' modules and the units defined in the 'siunits' and 'unitsextension' modules.
abstract: The module 'siunits' defines the 7 base units and 22 derived units as well as the metric prefixes specified in the SI system. All additional derived units, SI-based or not, goes into the 'units-extension' module.
abstract: The periodic table domain ontology provide a simple reference implementation of all atoms in the periodic table with a few selected conventional properties. It is ment as both an example for other domain ontologies as well as a useful assert by itself. Periodic table is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).
abstract: The perspective module provides the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.
abstract: The semiotics module is based on the semiotic theory by Charles S. Peirce. It introduces the triadic semiotic process, called semiosis, with its participants an 'object' that is represented by a 'sign' producing another sign, the 'interpretant' and finally the 'interpreter' who connects the 'object', 'sign' and 'interpretant'. The role of abstract objects are in EMMO fulfilled by semiotic objects, i.e. real world objects (e.g. symbol or sign) that stand for other real world objects that are to be interpreted by an agent. These symbols appear in actions (semiotic processes) meant to communicate meaning by establishing relationships between symbols (signs).
abstract: The symbolic multi-perspective combines the data and reductionistic perspectives to describe symbolic entities. A symbolic entity is a descrite data that pocess a reductionistic structure, who's elements can be decoded to tokens from one or more alphabets. The symbolic module includes symbols, symbolic constructs and formal languages.
abstract: This battery quantities ontology is a domain of the Elementary Multiperspective Materials Ontology (EMMO). It is a specialized framework designed to represent and organize knowledge about battery quantities. It is designed to integrate with the battery domain ontology or other ontologies from the EMMO ecosystem. The main focus of this ontology is to provide machine-readable descriptions of common battery quantities, linking both to the larger descriptions of physical quantities in EMMO as well as other sources of information like the IEC, QUDT, Wikidata, etc. It should be used to support linked data generation in the battery domain.
abstract: This electrochemical quantities ontology is a domain of the Elementary Multiperspective Materials Ontology (EMMO). It is a specialized framework designed to represent and organize knowledge about electrochemical quantities. It is designed to integrate with the electrochemistry domain ontology or other ontologies from the EMMO ecosystem. The main focus of this ontology is to provide machine-readable descriptions of common electrochemical quantities, linking both to the larger descriptions of physical quantities in EMMO as well as other sources of information like the IEC, QUDT, Wikidata, etc. It should be used to support linked data generation in the electrochemistry domain.
abstract: This ontology provides terms for chemical substances that can be referenced and re-used other resources.
alternative: CHAMEO
bibliographic citation: Del Nostro, P., Goldbeck, G., Toti, D., 2022. CHAMEO: An ontology for the harmonisation of materials characterisation methodologies. Applied Ontology 17, 401–421. doi:10.3233/AO-220271.
bibliographic citation: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7693664
bibliographic citation: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10254978
bibliographic citation: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7693672
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-3718
contributor: 0000-0002-1560-809X
contributor: 0000-0002-2547-155X
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-2852
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-8508
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9668-6961
contributor: Access, DE
contributor: Adham Hashibon, University College of London, UK
contributor: Anna Szczesna
contributor: Anne de Baas, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK
contributor: Casper Welzel Andersen
contributor: Denmark Technical University (DTU), DK
contributor: Deyana Stoytcheva
contributor: EPFL, CH
contributor: Francesca L. Bleken, SINTEF, NO
contributor: Francesca Lonstad Bleken
contributor: Francesca Lønstad Bleken, SINTEF, NO
contributor: Francesco A. Zaccarini, University of Bologna, IT
contributor: Francesco Zaccarini, University of Bologna, IT
contributor: Fraunhofer ISC, DE
contributor: Fraunhofer IWM, DE
contributor: Georg Schmitz, Access, DE
contributor: Gerhard Goldbeck, Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK
contributor: Goldbeck Consulting Ltd (UK)
contributor: Goldbeck Consulting Ltd, UK
contributor: ICMAB, ES
contributor: Ilaria Maria Paponetti, University of Bologna, IT
contributor: Jesper Friis
contributor: Jesper Friis, SINTEF, NO
contributor: Marek Marcinek
contributor: Martin Uhrin
contributor: Michael Noeske, FRAUNHOFER IFAM, DE
contributor: Miran Gaberscek
contributor: National Institute of Chemistry, SI
contributor: Rosa Palacin
contributor: SINTEF, NO
contributor: Sebastiano Moruzzi, University of Bologna, IT
contributor: Simon Clark, SINTEF, NO
contributor: Simon Stier
contributor: University of Bologna, IT

seeAlso
comment: EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject
comment: Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.

uneceCommonCode
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.

contact
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
comment: The annotation should include an email address.

figure
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.

qudtReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.

omReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.

wikidataReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.

conceptualisation
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
comment: A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation.
comment: An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM).

ucumCode
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
comment: The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units.

pubChemReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Pubchem URI for a compound or substance ID.

ISO9000Reference
type: AnnotationProperty

IEVReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).

dbpediaReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.

etymology
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
comment: Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.
comment: The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents.

Axiom
annotated target: Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
comment: A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities.

unitSymbol
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: The standard symbol for a unit.
comment: A unit symbol may be a symbolic construct (e.g. km) or a symbol (e.g. m).

ISO80000Reference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
example: 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)

ISO14040Reference
type: AnnotationProperty

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
comment: An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation.

example
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Illustrative example of how the entity is used.

molecularFormula
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Corresponds to the molecular formula of the compound.

VIMTerm
type: AnnotationProperty
example: quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)
comment: The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO.

OWLDLRestrictedAxiom
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.

Axiom
annotated target: Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.

comment
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: A text that add some information about the entity.
comment: A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches.

wikipediaReference
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.

IUPACName
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: Corresponds to the IUPAC name of the compound.

iupacReference
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC

standardInChI
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the value of the standard InChI of a chemical substance

canonicalSMILES
type: AnnotationProperty

maccorLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Maccor

bpxKey
type: AnnotationProperty

batteryArchiveLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Battery Archive

cidemodKey
type: AnnotationProperty

biologicLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Biologic

newareLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Neware

indigoLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Indigo

arbinLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Arbin

novonixLabel
type: AnnotationProperty
elucidation: the label of a term used in resources from Novonix

isNotCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
definition: x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)

hasMaximalCollection
type: ObjectProperty

hasFractionalMember
type: ObjectProperty

hasDeducer
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.

hasObjectiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure.

hasOutcome
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out.

hasDeclared
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.

hasManufacturedOutput
type: ObjectProperty

hasHeterogeneousPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only.

hasProductOutput
type: ObjectProperty

hasStatus
type: ObjectProperty

hasConventionalProperty
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
example: An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.

isGatheredPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
comment: All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.

semiotical
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The generic EMMO semiotical relation.

hasModel
type: ObjectProperty

hasIndex
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process.

hasTemporalSlice
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object.

hasInterval
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.

hasMaximalPart
type: ObjectProperty

hasVariable
type: ObjectProperty

hasTemporaryParticipant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P.

hasInput
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The input of a process.

isPredecessorOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: isAntecedentOf
elucidation: A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: isPredecessorOf
etymology: From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart").

hasIcon
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.

hasSubItem
type: ObjectProperty

hasComponent
type: ObjectProperty

mereological
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
comment: The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: mereological
etymology: Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology

hasJunctionPart
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasSpatioTemporalPart
elucidation: The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only.

hasServiceOutput
type: ObjectProperty

hasInterpreter
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.

hasNext
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: isBefore
conceptualisation: A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
elucidation: A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
comment: Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
comment: This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.

hasSubCollection
type: ObjectProperty

hasBeginTask
type: ObjectProperty

hasMetricPrefix
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part.

hasTemporalItemSlice
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A temporal part that is an item.

hasCognised
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.

hasCogniser
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process.

hasHolisticOverlap
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts.
example: A man and the process of building a house. The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views.
comment: This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both.

isSpatiallyRelatedWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasPortionPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.

isDirectCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
conceptualisation: Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities.
elucidation: A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
comment: Direct cause is irreflexive.
comment: Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.

isProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
elucidation: The inverse relation for hasProperPart.

hasHolisticNonTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty

hasQuantity
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities.

hasScatteredPortion
type: ObjectProperty

hasSign
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.

hasHolisticRelation
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities.

hasTemporalTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasTemporalDirectPart
elucidation: A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.

hasMetrologicalUncertainty
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
comment: Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty.

hasJunctionTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
elucidation: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.

hasRedundantPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type.
example: A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
comment: The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.

hasMetrologicalReference
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process.
version info: In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.

equalsTo
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
elucidation: The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals.
comment: Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.

hasMember
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
elucidation: The relation between a collection and one of its item members.

hasSpatialSection
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasSpatialPartialPart
elucidation: A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal.
comment: This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal).
comment: This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations.

hasTask
type: ObjectProperty

hasSubObject
type: ObjectProperty

hasDirectPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
conceptualisation: Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective.
elucidation: The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
comment: This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism.
comment: This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).

hasNonMaximalPart
type: ObjectProperty

hasUnitNonPrefixPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.
example: For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre".

hasChemicalSymbol
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The chemical symbol of an atomic element.

hasTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
comment: A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.

hasSpatioTemporalTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasWellFormedTile
elucidation: A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
comment: This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape.

hasInterpretant
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.

hasTemporalCollectionSlice
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A temporal part that is a collection.

contacts
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasSpatiialnteractionWith
conceptualisation: A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
elucidation: An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
comment: Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
comment: The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.

hasHolisticPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
example: An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.

hasItemPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition: A proper part relation with range restricted to items.

hasNumericalPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
comment: Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood.

hasEndTask
type: ObjectProperty

hasProperPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
elucidation: The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.

hasNonTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse).

overcrosses
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
elucidation: The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.

hasHolisticTemporalPart
type: ObjectProperty

hasDeduced
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.

hasConnectedPortion
type: ObjectProperty

hasResourceIdentifier
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates a resource to its identifier.

isPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

notOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

causal
type: ObjectProperty
conceptualisation: Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level.
elucidation: The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
comment: Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.

hasParticipant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters.
elucidation: The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.

hasTemporalSection
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A temporal part that is not a slice.

hasDatum
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates a dataset to its datum.

hasPortion
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
example: A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).

hasSpatialTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasSpatialDirectPart
elucidation: A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.

properOverlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
elucidation: The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.

isIndirectCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
conceptualisation: An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
elucidation: A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.

hasModelledProperty
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.

isPortionPartOf
type: ObjectProperty

hasMeasurementUnit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit.
example: Length hasUnit only LengthUnit

hasEndTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasTemporalLast
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.

hasGatheredPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition: A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections.

hasOutput
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The outcome of a process.
comment: The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed.

hasDescription
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.

hasScatteredPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
definition: A proper part relation with range restricted to collections.

hasDeclarer
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.

hasAgent
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation within a process and an agengt participant.

isConcomitantWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: alongsideOf
elucidation: The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).

hasCharacterised
type: ObjectProperty

hasSubProcess
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between a process and one of its process parts.

hasUnitSymbol
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.

isCauseOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
conceptualisation: We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap.
elucidation: The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x b) y and x non-overlapping
OWLDLRestrictedAxiom: :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps
comment: Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
comment: It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.
comment: The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: isCauseOf
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”).

Axiom
annotated target: :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps
comment: Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property.

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
elucidation: The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts.

hasConstituent
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.

hasCollaborationWith
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

hasSpatialPart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.

hasProperty
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.

hasFractionalCollection
type: ObjectProperty

hasConstitutiveProcess
type: ObjectProperty

isOvercrossedBy
type: ObjectProperty

hasConvention
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.

hasBehaviour
type: ObjectProperty

isTemporallyBefore
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty

EMMORelation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
elucidation: The class for all relations used by the EMMO.

hasReferencePart
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.

hasCharacteriser
type: ObjectProperty

hasStage
type: ObjectProperty

hasReferent
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasSemioticObject
elucidation: A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.

hasSpatialSlice
type: ObjectProperty
alternative label: hasSpatialIntegralPart
elucidation: A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole.
comment: In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive.

hasMeasuredProperty
type: ObjectProperty
elucidation: Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.

hasBeginTile
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
alternative label: hasTemporalFirst
elucidation: The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.

hasAccessConditions
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMethod
range: AccessConditions

hasCharacterisationEnvironment
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedure
range: CharacterisationEnvironment

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationEnvironment
range: CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty

hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMethod
range: CharacterisationProcedureValidation

hasCharacterisationProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Sample
range: CharacterisationProperty

hasCharacterisationSoftware
type: ObjectProperty
range: CharacterisationSoftware

hasDataAcquisitionRate
type: ObjectProperty
domain: RawData
range: DataAcquisitionRate

hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: DataProcessingThroughCalibration

hasDataQuality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MeasurementDataPostProcessing
range: DataQuality

hasDataset
type: ObjectProperty

hasHardwareSpecification
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationHardware
range: CharacterisationHardwareSpecification

hasHazard
type: ObjectProperty
range: Hazard

hasHolder
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: Holder

hasInteractionVolume
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: InteractionVolume

hasInteractionWithProbe
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: Probe

hasInteractionWithSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: Sample

hasLab
type: ObjectProperty
range: Laboratory

hasLevelOfAutomation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMethod
range: LevelOfAutomation

hasMeasurementDetector
type: ObjectProperty
range: Detector

hasMeasurementParameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: MeasurementParameter

hasMeasurementProbe
type: ObjectProperty
range: Probe

hasMeasurementSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: Sample

hasMeasurementTime
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementProcess
range: MeasurementTime

hasOperator
type: ObjectProperty
range: Operator

hasPeerReviewedArticle
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CharacterisationProcedureValidation
range: ResourceIdentifier

hasPhysicsOfInteraction
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ProbeSampleInteraction
range: PhysicsOfInteraction

hasPostProcessingModel
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MeasurementDataPostProcessing
range: PostProcessingModel

hasProcessingReproducibility
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MeasurementDataPostProcessing
range: ProcessingReproducibility

hasSampleForPreparation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: Sample
preferred label: hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation

hasSamplePreparationHardware
type: ObjectProperty
range: SamplePreparationHardware

hasSamplePreparationParameter
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplePreparation
range: SamplePreparationParameter

hasSampledSample
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SamplingProcess
range: Sample

requiresLevelOfExpertise
type: ObjectProperty
range: LevelOfExpertise

userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: UserCase
range: CharacterisationProcedure
elucidation: Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure

hasBinder
type: ObjectProperty

hasAnolyte
type: ObjectProperty

hasSolvent
type: ObjectProperty
deprecated: true

hasElectrolyte
type: ObjectProperty

hasCase
type: ObjectProperty

hasCoating
type: ObjectProperty

hasSolute
type: ObjectProperty
deprecated: true

hasElectrode
type: ObjectProperty

hasNegativeElectrode
type: ObjectProperty

hasReferenceElectrode
type: ObjectProperty

hasSolvent
type: ObjectProperty

hasActiveMaterial
type: ObjectProperty

hasSolute
type: ObjectProperty

hasPositiveElectrode
type: ObjectProperty

hasSeparator
type: ObjectProperty

hasCatholyte
type: ObjectProperty

hasFormFactor
type: ObjectProperty

hasConductiveAdditive
type: ObjectProperty

hasCurrentCollector
type: ObjectProperty

hasInsertedEntity
type: ObjectProperty

hasStringValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: string
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity.

hasDimensionString
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
elucidation: Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.

hasSymbolValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: string
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity.

hasIUPAC2016AtomicMass
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
comment: This is a convenient shortcut for the measurement process process of the atomic mass reported by IUPAC2016.
elucidation: The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.

hasSIConversionMultiplier
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
elucidation: Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
comment: Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset

hasPrefixMultiplier
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
elucidation: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.

hasAtomicNumber
type: DatatypeProperty
range: integer
comment: This is a convenient shortcut for the conventional declaration process of assigning an atomic number to an atom subclass.
elucidation: The atomic number of an atomic element.

hasURLValue
type: DatatypeProperty

hasURIValue
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI

hasDataValue
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
elucidation: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
comment: This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values).

hasURNValue
type: DatatypeProperty

hasSIConversionOffset
type: DatatypeProperty
range: double
elucidation: Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
comment: Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset

hasPrefixSymbol
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
deprecated: true
elucidation: Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.

hasNumericalValue
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity.

hasDateOfCalibration
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument
range: dateTime

ResourceIdentifier
type: Class

Person
type: Class

Person
type: Class

Ampere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: A
uneceCommonCode: AMP
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A
ucumCode: A
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ampere
definition: The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00300

AmpereHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-HR
ucumCode: A.h
unitSymbol: A⋅hr
elucidation: `Ampere hour` is a practical unit of electric charge equal to the charge flowing in one hour through a conductor passing one ampere. An ampere-hour or amp-hour (symbol Ah, AHr, A · h, A h) is a unit of electric charge, with sub-units milliampere-hour (mAh) and milliampere second (mAs). One ampere-hour is equal to 3600 coulombs (ampere-seconds), the electric charge transferred by a steady current of one ampere for one hour. The ampere-hour is frequently used in measurements of electrochemical systems such as electroplating and electrical batteries. The commonly seen milliampere-hour (mAh or mA · h) is one-thousandth of an ampere-hour (3.6 coulombs). -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere-hour

AmpereHourPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: unit of electric charge relative to mass

AmpereHourPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: a unit of electric charge per volume

AmperePerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: A.cm-1
unitSymbol: A/cm
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

AmperePerDegreeCelsius
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 57.29578
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-DEG_C
ucumCode: A.Cel-1
ucumCode: A/Cel
unitSymbol: A/°C
elucidation: A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT

AmperePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: a unit of electric current per mass

AmperePerJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-J
ucumCode: A.J-1
ucumCode: A/J
unitSymbol: A/J
elucidation: The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT

AmperePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M
ucumCode: A.m-1
ucumCode: A/m
unitSymbol: A/m
elucidation: is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT

AmperePerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: A.mm-1
ucumCode: A/mm
unitSymbol: A/mm
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

AmperePerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-RAD
ucumCode: A.rad-1
ucumCode: A/rad
unitSymbol: A/rad
elucidation: `Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: A.cm-2
ucumCode: A/cm2
unitSymbol: A/cm²
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M2
ucumCode: A.m-2
ucumCode: A/m2
unitSymbol: A/m²
elucidation: `Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

AmperePerSquareMetreSquareKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere per Square Metre Square Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-M2-K2
ucumCode: A.m-2.K-2
ucumCode: A/(m2.K2)
unitSymbol: A/m²⋅k²

AmperePerSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Per Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-PER-MilliM2
ucumCode: A.mm-2
ucumCode: A/mm2
unitSymbol: A/mm²
elucidation: SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

AmpereSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-SEC
ucumCode: A.s
unitSymbol: A⋅s
elucidation: product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

AmpereSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-M2
ucumCode: A.m2
unitSymbol: A⋅m²
elucidation: The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT

AmpereSquareMetrePerJouleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ampere Square Metre Per Joule Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/A-M2-PER-J-SEC
ucumCode: A.m2.J-1.s-1
ucumCode: A.m2/(J.s)
unitSymbol: A⋅m²/(J⋅s)
elucidation: The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT

AstronomicalUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: au
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.495979E11
alternative label: astronomical-unit
uneceCommonCode: A12
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/AU
ucumCode: AU
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Astronomical_unit
definition: One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
unitSymbol: AU
unitSymbol: au
elucidation: An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit

MoleFraction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: AtomFraction
alternative label: MolePerMole
alternative label: Moles per mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-MOL
ucumCode: mol.mol-1
unitSymbol: atom-fraction
unitSymbol: atom_fraction
unitSymbol: mol/mol
unitSymbol: mole-fraction
unitSymbol: mole_fraction
elucidation: Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.

Becquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bq
uneceCommonCode: BQL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ
ucumCode: Bq
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Becquerel
definition: Radioactive decays per second.
elucidation: SI unit for radioactive activity.
comment: The SI derived unit of activity, usually meaning radioactivity. "Radioactivity" is caused when atoms disintegrate, ejecting energetic particles. One becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second; this is equivalent to about 27.0270 picocuries (pCi). The unit is named for a French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), the discoverer of radioactivity. Note: both the becquerel and the hertz are basically defined as one event per second, yet they measure different things. The hertz is used to measure the rates of events that happen periodically in a fixed and definite cycle. The becquerel is used to measure the rates of events that happen sporadically and unpredictably, not in a definite cycle. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becquerel
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00624

BecquerelPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Becquerel per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-M3
ucumCode: Bq.m-3
ucumCode: Bq/m3
unitSymbol: Bq/m³
elucidation: The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT

BecquerelPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Becquerel per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: Bq.kg-1
ucumCode: Bq/kg
unitSymbol: Bq/kg
elucidation: "Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT

BecquerelPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Becquerels per litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-L
ucumCode: Bq.L-1
unitSymbol: Bq/L
elucidation: One radioactive disintegration per second from a one part in 10**3 of the SI unit of volume (cubic metre). -- QUDT

BecquerelPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Becquerel per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-PER-M2
ucumCode: Bq.m-2
ucumCode: Bq/m2
unitSymbol: Bq/m²

BecquerelSecondPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Becquerels second per cubic metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/BQ-SEC-PER-M3
ucumCode: Bq.s.m-3
unitSymbol: Bq⋅s/m³
elucidation: TBD -- QUDT

Candela
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: cd
uneceCommonCode: CDL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD
ucumCode: cd
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Candela
definition: The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00787

CandelaPerLumen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Candela per Lumen
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD-PER-LM
unitSymbol: cd/lm

CandelaPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: candela per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CD-PER-M2
ucumCode: cd.m-2
ucumCode: cd/m2
unitSymbol: cd/m²
elucidation: The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT

Coulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: C
uneceCommonCode: COU
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C
ucumCode: C
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Coulomb
elucidation: SI unit for electric charge.
comment: The SI unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. Electricity is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions. The charge on one of these particles is a whole-number multiple of the charge e on a single electron, and one coulomb represents a charge of approximately 6.241 506 x 1018 e. The coulomb is named for a French physicist, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), who was the first to measure accurately the forces exerted between electric charges. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01365

CoulombMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: A26
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M
ucumCode: C.m
unitSymbol: C⋅m
elucidation: Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
comment: It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.

CoulombPerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: C.cm-3
ucumCode: C/cm3
unitSymbol: C/cm³
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M3
ucumCode: C.m-3
ucumCode: C/m3
unitSymbol: C/m³
elucidation: Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerCubicMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Per Cubic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MilliM3
ucumCode: C.mm-3
ucumCode: C/mm3
unitSymbol: C/mm³
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CoulombPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: C.kg-1
ucumCode: C/kg
unitSymbol: C/kg
elucidation: `Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerKilogramSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Per Kilogram Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-KiloGM-SEC
ucumCode: C.kg-1.s-1
ucumCode: C/(kg.s)
unitSymbol: C/kg⋅s
elucidation: The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT

CoulombPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M
ucumCode: C.m-1
ucumCode: C/m
unitSymbol: C/m
elucidation: "Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT

CoulombPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MOL
ucumCode: C.mol-1
ucumCode: C/mol
unitSymbol: c/mol
elucidation: (C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: C.cm-2
ucumCode: C/cm2
unitSymbol: C/cm²
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-M2
ucumCode: C.m-2
ucumCode: C/m2
unitSymbol: C/m²
elucidation: Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombPerSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Per Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-PER-MilliM2
ucumCode: C.mm-2
ucumCode: C/mm2
unitSymbol: C/mm²
elucidation: derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

CoulombSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M2
ucumCode: C.m2
unitSymbol: C⋅m²
elucidation: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CoulombSquareMetrePerVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Coulomb Square Metre Per Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C-M2-PER-V
ucumCode: C.m2.V-1
ucumCode: C.m2/V
unitSymbol: C⋅m²/V
elucidation: Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: cubic centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3
ucumCode: cm3
unitSymbol: cm³
elucidation: The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: cm3.cm-3
ucumCode: cm3/cm3
unitSymbol: cm³/cm³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: cm3.m-3
ucumCode: cm3/m3
unitSymbol: cm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-11
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-DAY
ucumCode: cm3.d-1
ucumCode: cm3/d
unitSymbol: cm³/day
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-10
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-HR
ucumCode: cm3.h-1
ucumCode: cm3/h
unitSymbol: cm³/hr
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-K
ucumCode: cm3.K-1
ucumCode: cm3/K
unitSymbol: cm³/K
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.666667E-8
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-MIN
ucumCode: cm3.min-1
ucumCode: cm3/min
unitSymbol: cm³/min
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: cm3.mol-1
ucumCode: cm3/mol
unitSymbol: cm³/mol
elucidation: 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerMoleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimeter per Mole Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-MOL-SEC
unitSymbol: cm³/(mol⋅s)
elucidation: A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT
elucidation: A unit that is the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT

CubicCentiMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Centimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: cm3.s-1
ucumCode: cm3/s
unitSymbol: cm³/s
elucidation: 0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

CubicCoulombMetrePerSquareJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Coulomb Metre per Square Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C3-M-PER-J2
ucumCode: C3.m.J-2
ucumCode: C3.m/J2
unitSymbol: C³⋅m/J²
elucidation: "Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT

CubicDecaMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decametre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DecaM3
ucumCode: dam3
unitSymbol: dam³
elucidation: 1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3
ucumCode: dm3
unitSymbol: dm³
elucidation: 0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: dm3.m-3
ucumCode: dm3/m3
unitSymbol: dm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-8
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-DAY
ucumCode: dm3.d-1
ucumCode: dm3/d
unitSymbol: dm³/day
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-7
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-HR
ucumCode: dm3.h-1
ucumCode: dm3/h
unitSymbol: dm³/hr
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit hour -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.666667E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-MIN
ucumCode: dm3.min-3
ucumCode: dm3/min3
unitSymbol: dm³/min
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: dm3.mol-1
ucumCode: dm3/mol
unitSymbol: dm³/mol
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

CubicDeciMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Decimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: dm3.s-1
ucumCode: dm3/s
unitSymbol: dm³/s
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT

CubicKiloMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Kilometre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloM3-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: km3.s-2
ucumCode: km3/s2
unitSymbol: km³/s²
elucidation: `Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT

CubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: MTQ
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/cubicMetre
ucumCode: m3
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cubic_metre
unitSymbol: m³
elucidation: The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_metre

CubicMetrePerCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Coulomb
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-C
ucumCode: m3.C-1
unitSymbol: m³/C

CubicMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-M3
ucumCode: m3.m-3
unitSymbol: m³/m³
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-DAY
ucumCode: m3.d-1
unitSymbol: m³/day
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit day -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerHectare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Hectare
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-HA
ucumCode: m3.har-1
unitSymbol: m^3/ha

CubicMetrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-HR
ucumCode: m3.h-1
ucumCode: m3/h
unitSymbol: m³/hr
elucidation: Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) is a unit in the category of Volume flow rate. It is also known as cubic meters per hour, cubic metre per hour, cubic metres per hour, cubic meter/hour, cubic metre/hour, cubic meter/hr, cubic metre/hr, flowrate. Cubic Meter Per Hour (m3/h) has a dimension of L3T-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m3/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.00027777777. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-K
ucumCode: m3.K-1
unitSymbol: m³/K

CubicMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: m3.kg-1
ucumCode: m3/kg
unitSymbol: m³/kg
elucidation: Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerKilogramSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Kilogram Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-KiloGM-SEC2
ucumCode: m3.(kg.s2)-1
ucumCode: m3.kg-1.s-2
ucumCode: m3/(kg.s2)
unitSymbol: m³/(kg⋅s²)

CubicMetrePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01666667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-MIN
ucumCode: m3.min-1
unitSymbol: m³/min
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit minute -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-MOL
ucumCode: m3.mol-1
ucumCode: m3/mol
unitSymbol: m³/mol
elucidation: The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: m3.s-1
ucumCode: m3/s
unitSymbol: m³/s
elucidation: A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-M2
ucumCode: m3.m-2
unitSymbol: m³/m²
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

CubicMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Metre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M3-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: m3.s-2
ucumCode: m3/s2
unitSymbol: m³/s²
elucidation: `Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT

CubicMicroMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic micrometre per cubic metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: um3.m-3
unitSymbol: µm³/m³

CubicMicroMetrePerMilliLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic micrometre per millilitre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM3-PER-MilliL
ucumCode: um3.mL-1
unitSymbol: µm³/mL

CubicMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM3
ucumCode: mm3
unitSymbol: mm³
elucidation: A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT

CubicMilliMetrePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Cubic Millimetre Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM3-PER-M3
ucumCode: mm3.m-3
unitSymbol: mm³/m³
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

Dalton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Da
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.660539E-27
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: D43
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/Da
ucumCode: u
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Unified_atomic_mass_unit
definition: One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
elucidation: The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01514

Day
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: d
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 86400.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: DAY
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DAY
ucumCode: d
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Day
definition: A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
elucidation: Mean solar day -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01527

Degree
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: °
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01745329
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: DD
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG
ucumCode: deg
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Degree_(angle)
definition: Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
elucidation: A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01560

DegreeCelsius
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: °C
uneceCommonCode: CEL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C
ucumCode: Cel
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Celsius
elucidation: Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
comment: Celsius, also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely 273.15 °C. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01561

DegreeCelsiusCentiMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Degree Celsius Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-CentiM
ucumCode: Cel.cm
unitSymbol: °C⋅cm
elucidation: `Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusKilogramPerSquareMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Degrees Celsius kilogram per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-KiloGM-PER-M2
ucumCode: Cel.kg.m-2
unitSymbol: °C⋅kg/m²
elucidation: Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerHour
type: Class
alternative label: Degree Celsius per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-HR
ucumCode: Cel.h-1
ucumCode: Cel/h
unitSymbol: °C/hr
elucidation: `Degree Celsius per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / hr. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerKelvin
type: Class
alternative label: Degree Celsius Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-K
ucumCode: Cel.K-1
ucumCode: Cel/K
unitSymbol: °C/K
elucidation: unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Degrees Celsius per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-M
ucumCode: Cel.m-1
unitSymbol: °C/m

DegreeCelsiusPerMinute
type: Class
alternative label: Degree Celsius per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-MIN
ucumCode: Cel.min-1
ucumCode: Cel/min
unitSymbol: °C/m
elucidation: `Degree Celsius per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / m. -- QUDT

DegreeCelsiusPerSecond
type: Class
alternative label: Degree Celsius per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Cel.s-1
ucumCode: Cel/s
unitSymbol: °C/s
elucidation: `Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT

DegreePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4.848137E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Degree per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG-PER-HR
ucumCode: deg.h-1
ucumCode: deg/h
unitSymbol: °/h
elucidation: "Degree per Hour" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/h. -- QUDT

DegreePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01745329
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Degrees per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG-PER-M
ucumCode: deg.m-1
unitSymbol: °/m
elucidation: A change of angle in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT

DegreePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.908882E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Degree per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG-PER-MIN
ucumCode: deg.min-1
ucumCode: deg/min
unitSymbol: °/min
elucidation: A unit of measure for the rate of change of plane angle, dω / dt, in durations of one minute.The vector ω is directed along the axis of rotation in the direction for which the rotation is clockwise. -- QUDT

DegreePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01745329
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Degree per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG-PER-SEC
ucumCode: deg.s-1
ucumCode: deg/s
unitSymbol: °/s
elucidation: "Degree per Second" is an Imperial unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as deg/s. -- QUDT

DegreePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01745329
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Degree per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: deg.s-2
ucumCode: deg/s2
unitSymbol: °/s²
elucidation: `Degree per Square Second` is an Imperial unit for `Angular Acceleration` expressed as deg/s². -- QUDT

AreaPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

CarbonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 12.011
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 6
elucidation: Atom subclass for carbon.

UraniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: U

Semiosis
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'.
example: Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign

CommercialProduct
type: Class
alternative label: Product
elucidation: An product that is ready for commercialisation.

PhotochemicalProcesses
type: Class

DrawForming
type: Class
comment: Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.
see also: DIN 8584-2:2003-09

IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation
type: Class
elucidation: A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.

OsmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 190.23
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 76
elucidation: Atom subclass for osmium.

ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.2
elucidation: Real part of the admittance.

MagneticReluctivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

DoseEquivalentRate
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-83.2
elucidation: Time derivative of the dose equivalent.

Factory
type: Class
alternative label: IndustrialPlant
elucidation: A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Factory
etymology: From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do).

Holistic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: Wholistic
conceptualisation: An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
definition: The union of classes whole and part.
elucidation: A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa.
example: A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
example: A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Wholistic
etymology: From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Holistic
etymology: Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire").

PerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

PhysicalQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1
comment: Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.
comment: Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).
comment: — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1
elucidation: A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.

Coupled
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

TimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

GyromagneticRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: GyromagneticCoefficient
alternative label: MagnetogyricRatio
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552
ISO80000Reference: 10-12.1
elucidation: Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693

Velocity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2
comment: The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465
definition: Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3
ISO80000Reference: 3-8.1
ISO80000Reference: 3‑10.1

MicrowaveSintering
type: Class

Sintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles
see also: ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion
alternative label: Sintern
elucidation: Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
comment: Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion

BraggAngle
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118
ISO80000Reference: 12-4
elucidation: Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.

ResonanceEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187
ISO80000Reference: 10-37.2
elucidation: Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.

Centi
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: c
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01

FundamentalLatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063
ISO80000Reference: 12-1.2
elucidation: Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.

SimulationLanguage
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A computer language used to describe simulations.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language

AdditiveManufacturing
type: Class
alternative label: GenerativeManufacturing
comment: process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,

Axiom
annotated target: process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
see also: ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2

DecayConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: DisintegrationConstant
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-24
elucidation: Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538

LuminousEfficacyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1

Laplacian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Δ

AmountFraction
type: Class
alternative label: MoleFraction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction
definition: The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296

ElectricInductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Inductance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-41.1
elucidation: A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076

Weight
type: Class
comment: Force of gravity acting on a body.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668

Gas
type: Class
elucidation: Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.

Interpreter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.
elucidation: The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
example: For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters).

AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

Interpretant
type: Class
elucidation: The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.

Symbolic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
example: fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
comment: A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
comment: A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Symbolic
etymology: From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).

Density
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
alternative label: MassConcentration
alternative label: MassDensity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density
ISO80000Reference: 4-2
ISO80000Reference: 9-10
ISO80000Reference: Mass per volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590

Quantity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
alternative label: Measurand
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity
elucidation: A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
example: length Rockwell C hardness electric resistance
VIMTerm: measurand
VIMTerm: quantity
comment: VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue.

Axiom
annotated target: measurand
comment: VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity.

QualityFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-53
elucidation: Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.

Vector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: 1DArray
alternative label: LinearArray
elucidation: 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.

EquilibriumConstant
type: Class
comment: The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved.
alternative label: EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809
elucidation: for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177

PicoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).

Welding
type: Class
comment: Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
alternative label: Schweißen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
see also: DIN EN 13956:2013-03

PerEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

GadoliniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 157.25
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 64
elucidation: Atom subclass for gadolinium.

DisplacementCurrentDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-18
elucidation: Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.

LithiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Li

CadmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 112.414
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 48
elucidation: Atom subclass for cadmium.

RightHandedParticle
type: Class

AtomicNumber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber
definition: Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499

MagneticReluctanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

BohriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bh

DragCoefficient
type: Class
alternative label: DragFactor
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.4
elucidation: Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.

MaterialRelationComputation
type: Class

CuriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 247.07035
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 96
elucidation: Atom subclass for curium.

MeanEnergyImparted
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-80.2
elucidation: Expectation value of the energy imparted.

DerivedUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
VIMTerm: derived unit
comment: A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM

Height
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Height
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.3
elucidation: Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height

PlasticSintering
type: Class

Java
type: Class

Filling
type: Class

Permeability
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
alternative label: ElectromagneticPermeability
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability
ISO80000Reference: 6-26.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503

EnergyPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

LutetiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 174.9668
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 71
elucidation: Atom subclass for lutetium.

Power
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power
ISO80000Reference: 4-27
ISO80000Reference: 6-45
elucidation: Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792

LengthPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

TinSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sn

PhysicallyInteracting
type: Class
elucidation: A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting.

UpQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark

Probability
type: Class
comment: The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events.
elucidation: Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855

AtomicScatteringFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.3
elucidation: Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor

ZeroManifold
type: Class
alternative label: 0-manifold

RollingResistance
type: Class
alternative label: RollingDrag
alternative label: RollingFrictionForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.5
elucidation: Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.

Duration
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-9
elucidation: Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.

AmorphousMaterial
type: Class
alternative label: NonCrystallineMaterial

ResonanceEscapeProbability
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072
ISO80000Reference: 10-68
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.

Dispersion
type: Class
elucidation: A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.

SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-10.2
elucidation: Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.

Inequality
type: Class
elucidation: A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
example: f(x) > 0

ArsenicSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: As

Crystal
type: Class
elucidation: A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Crystal
etymology: From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”).

Axiom
annotated target: A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)

ZincSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Zn

OneManifold
type: Class
alternative label: 1-manifold

SupplyChain
type: Class
elucidation: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.

Axiom
annotated target: A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain

MolarAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828
ISO80000Reference: 10-51
elucidation: Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.

TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

Index
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Signal
elucidation: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.
example: Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Index
etymology: From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”).

AnalogData
type: Class
elucidation: Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
example: A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
comment: The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.

CurrentLinkage
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.4
elucidation: For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.

GoldAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 196.966569
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 79
elucidation: Atom subclass for gold.

TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

MolybdenumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 95.95
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 42
elucidation: Atom subclass for molybdenum.

DragForce
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.6
elucidation: Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.

Compressibility
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-20
elucidation: Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.

PhaseHeterogeneousMixture
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
comment: Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.

BismuthAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 208.9804
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 83
elucidation: Atom subclass for bismuth.

DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571
ISO80000Reference: 10-41
elucidation: Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.

TemporalRole
type: Class
alternative label: HolisticTemporalPart
elucidation: An holistic temporal part of a whole.

PhaseHomogeneousMixture
type: Class
elucidation: A single phase mixture.

Coercivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-31
elucidation: Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.

TotalComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

RutheniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ru

Permittivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.1
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507

TitaniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 47.867
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 22
elucidation: Atom subclass for titanium.

Curve
type: Class

PhysicallyNonInteracting
type: Class
elucidation: A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
comment: A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.

TotalMassStoppingPower
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MassStoppingPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-55
elucidation: Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.

ThermalConductivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

MeasurementResult
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: Result of a measurement. A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measurement result
comment: A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf).
comment: A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.

CausalPath
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
alternative label: CausalChain
alternative label: Elementary
conceptualisation: A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
elucidation: The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
example: An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle.
OWLDLRestrictedAxiom: hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum)

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: CausalChain
etymology: From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Elementary
etymology: From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalPath
etymology: From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”).

IsentropicCompressibility
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-5.2

SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Determination
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Characterisation
elucidation: A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.
example: Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner.

AreaPerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

VanadiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: V

PerAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Giga
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: G
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9

DeciPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).

ElectricCurrentDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

MercurySymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hg

PlatinumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 195.084
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 78
elucidation: Atom subclass for platinum.

PaperManufacturing
type: Class

SecondGenerationFermion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

CeriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 140.116
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58
elucidation: Atom subclass for cerium.

ActivityOfSolute
type: Class
alternative label: RelativeActivityOfSolute
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862
ISO80000Reference: 9-24

IntrinsicCarrierDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.3
elucidation: Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.

SICoherentDerivedUnit
type: Class
comment: This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only.
elucidation: A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.
example: m/s kg/m^3

Service
type: Class
alternative label: IntangibleProduct
ISO9000Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7

PressurePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

BottomAntiQuark
type: Class

GasMixture
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

PseudoscalarMeson
type: Class
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson

IonActivity
type: Class
comment: Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C.
comment: The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.

Heat
type: Class
comment: Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
alternative label: AmountOfHeat
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat
ISO80000Reference: 5-6.1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752

RelativePermittivity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-15
elucidation: Permittivity divided by electric constant.

Participant
type: Class
elucidation: An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
example: A student during an examination.

FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399
ISO80000Reference: 12-2.2
elucidation: Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.

NaturalProcess
type: Class
alternative label: NonIntentionalProcess
elucidation: A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.

GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle
type: Class
alternative label: NuclearGFactor
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250
ISO80000Reference: 10-14.2
elucidation: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.

DataExchangeLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
example: JSON, YAML, XML
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages

AmountConductivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0

CompiledLanguage
type: Class

ParticleSourceDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762
ISO80000Reference: 10-66
elucidation: Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.

ErbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 167.259
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 68
elucidation: Atom subclass for erbium.

LuminousIntensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1

NonSIUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Measurement units that are not SI units.

NeptuniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 237.04817
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 93
elucidation: Atom subclass for neptunium.

PlutoniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pu

AbsorbedDoseRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-84
elucidation: Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.

CountingUnit
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM
ucumCode: 1
elucidation: Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.
example: Unit of atomic number Unit of number of cellular Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics

Reductionistic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
comment: A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - are proper parts of y - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - do not overlap - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)
comment: Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective.

ElectricCharge
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Charge
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111
ISO80000Reference: 6-2
elucidation: The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923

JavaScript
type: Class

IUPACName
type: Class

ThermalSprayingForming
type: Class

ManufacturingSystem
type: Class
elucidation: A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.

Galvanizing
type: Class

Rotation
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-16

MassConcentration
type: Class
comment: Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713

SingleComponentComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852
elucidation: Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.

AvogadroConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant
elucidation: The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543

ManganeseSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mn

Voltage
type: Class
comment: Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.
alternative label: ElectricPotentialDifference
alternative label: ElectricTension
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage
ISO80000Reference: 6-11.3
elucidation: The difference in electric potential between two points.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635

AmountPerAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

MassFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.
example: Unit for mass fraction.

AstatineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 209.98715
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 85
elucidation: Atom subclass for astatine.

PraseodymiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 140.90766
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 59
elucidation: Atom subclass for praseodymium.

ModellingLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
example: Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures.
example: Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language

MetrologicalReference
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
comment: A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties).

Real
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  some values from: double
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: double
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: double
elucidation: A real number.

DysprosiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Dy

Extensive
type: Class
comment: Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
elucidation: A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.
example: Mass Volume Entropy

HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.8
elucidation: Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.

DataSet
type: Class
elucidation: Encoded data made of more than one datum.

Cogniser
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)
example: The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Cogniser
etymology: From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”

LorenzNumberUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

OsmoticPressure
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135
ISO80000Reference: 9-28
elucidation: Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344

ComputerLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
comment: The categorisation of computer languages is based on Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language

ElectricDipoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-6
elucidation: An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929

Ablation
type: Class
comment: Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
alternative label: Abtragen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
see also: DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02

ISQBaseQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities

LatticePlaneSpacing
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046
ISO80000Reference: 12-3
elucidation: distance between successive lattice planes

SpinQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.5
elucidation: Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.

MetallicPowderSintering
type: Class

ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

SlowingDownDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830
ISO80000Reference: 10-67
elucidation: Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.

PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class

HassiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 269.1338
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 108
elucidation: Atom subclass for hassium.

AlgebricExpression
type: Class
comment: An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)
example: 2x+3

ElectroSinterForging
type: Class

BariumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 137.327
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 56
elucidation: Atom subclass for barium.

VectorMeson
type: Class
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson

Determiner
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.

Observed
type: Class
example: The biography of a person met by the author.

Estimation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A determination of an object without any actual interaction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Estimation
etymology: From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”).

HybridMatter
type: Class
elucidation: Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.

CubicExpansionCoefficient
type: Class
comment: alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.2
elucidation: Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.

MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

MassPerElectricChargeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

FleroviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fl

DataProcessing
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.

DensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Matrix
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: 2DArray
elucidation: 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.

TitaniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ti

Fork
type: Class
elucidation: A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.

BlueCharmQuark
type: Class

ElectronNeutrino
type: Class
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino

ShearCutting
type: Class
comment: Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
alternative label: Scherschneiden

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
see also: DIN 8588:2013-08

MagneticVectorPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-32
elucidation: Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.

DecaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
alternative label: DekaPrefixedUnit
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).

Pictorial
type: Class
elucidation: A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
example: A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.

SpecificVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MassicVolume
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-3
elucidation: inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807

WeakBoson
type: Class

Vergence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature

Data
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
see also: Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378
alternative label: Contrast
alternative label: Dedomena
alternative label: Pattern
elucidation: A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
comment: A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
comment: The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Dedomena
etymology: From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Data
etymology: From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”).

CharmQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark

ResidualResistivity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-17
elucidation: for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature

Variable
type: Class
elucidation: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
example: x k

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Variable
etymology: Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable").

Axiom
annotated target: A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics)

Whole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal).
elucidation: The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
comment: A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Whole
etymology: From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”).

Force
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.1
elucidation: Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480

CompositeBoson
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
example: Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.

CausalCollapse
type: Class
conceptualisation: A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n.

Foam
type: Class
elucidation: A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.

RedBottomAntiQuark
type: Class

ParticleCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689
ISO80000Reference: 10-48
elucidation: Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.

NickelSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ni

ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0

SIMetricMultipleUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.

Solution
type: Class
comment: Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,
elucidation: A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

ProtactiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pa

MendeleviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Md

Array3D
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: 3DArray
elucidation: 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.

Behaviour
type: Class
elucidation: A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object.
example: Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.

MolecularEntity
type: Class
comment: Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
alternative label: ChemicalEntity
elucidation: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
example: Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule.
example: Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context.
comment: This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺).

Grinding
type: Class
comment: Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
alternative label: Schleifen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
see also: DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08

Widening
type: Class
comment: Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
alternative label: Weiten

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
see also: DIN 8585-3:2003-09

UnitSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A symbol that stands for a single unit.
example: Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J".

WBoson
type: Class
alternative label: ChargedWeakBoson
alternative label: IntermediateVectorBoson
elucidation: A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

ThermalConductanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

HectoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).

SexticLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911
ISO80000Reference: 10-52
elucidation: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.

Number
type: Class
comment: A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue.
comment: A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).
comment: In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.
alternative label: Numeral
elucidation: A numerical data value.

CondensedMatter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
conceptualisation: The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.

Axiom
annotated target: The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics

Exponent
type: Class

ArchetypeJoin
type: Class
elucidation: Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).

Experiment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.

RedCharmQuark
type: Class

ShearForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
alternative label: Schubumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
see also: DIN 8587:2003-09

StrangeQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark

SIMultiplePrefix
type: Class

FemtoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).

SIPrefix
type: Class

SpatiallyRedundant
type: Class
elucidation: A whole with spatial parts of its same type.

ParticleFluence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-43
elucidation: Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.

UndefinedEdgeCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden

Agent
type: Class
elucidation: A participant that is the driver of the process.
example: A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
comment: An agent is not necessarily human. An agent plays an active role within the process. An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it.

Shape4x3Matrix
type: Class
elucidation: A real matrix with shape 4x3.

MolarInternalEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.1
elucidation: Internal energy per amount of substance.

Baryon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

NeonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 20.1797
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10
elucidation: Atom subclass for neon.

Subjective
type: Class
comment: The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.
elucidation: A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.
example: The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing.

QuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.1
elucidation: Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.

NitrogenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 14.007
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 7
elucidation: Atom subclass for nitrogen.

Muon
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon

3DPrinting
type: Class
comment: fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
elucidation: Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
comment: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
see also: ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1

ZeptoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).

ActivityFactor
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167
ISO80000Reference: 9-22

SubObject
type: Class
comment: Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts.
elucidation: An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object.
example: If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.

TotalLinearStoppingPower
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: LinearStoppingPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-54
elucidation: For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035

GadoliniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Gd

HandlingDevice
type: Class

ProductionSystem
type: Class
elucidation: A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.

Lethargy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-69
elucidation: Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.

Plane
type: Class

Photon
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025
ISO80000Reference: 10-32
elucidation: Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.

HelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
alternative label: HelmholtzFreeEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-20.4
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772

ThermochemicalTreatment
type: Class

ChemicalName
type: Class

SerialStep
type: Class

CSharp
type: Class
alternative label: C#

OxidationNumber
type: Class
alternative label: OxidationState
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state
elucidation: Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363

Positron
type: Class

SectionModulus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-22

NitrogenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: N

RelaxationTime
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085
ISO80000Reference: 12-32.1
elucidation: time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles

InterferenceFitting
type: Class

AtomicMass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number.
comment: The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes.
definition: The mass of an atom in the ground state.
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.1
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496

ThermalDiffusivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ThermalDiffusionCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-14

PhysicsEquation
type: Class
elucidation: An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
example: The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.

AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Array
type: Class
comment: Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.
comment: Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement.
elucidation: Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
example: A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth...

CompositeFermion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
example: Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)

FranciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 223.01974
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 87
elucidation: Atom subclass for francium.

ISQDerivedQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).

QueryLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
example: SQL, SPARQL
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language

GreenTopAntiQuark
type: Class

ProtactiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 231.03588
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 91
elucidation: Atom subclass for protactinium.

GluonType8
type: Class

DefiningEquation
type: Class
elucidation: An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
example: The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)

AntiMuon
type: Class

BlueBottomAntiQuark
type: Class

BindingFraction
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362
ISO80000Reference: 10-23.2
elucidation: The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.

PerPressureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

PhaseAngle
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-7
elucidation: Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.

MuonAntiNeutrino
type: Class

ChromiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 51.9961
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 24
elucidation: Atom subclass for chromium.

SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge
type: Class
alternative label: AreicElectricCharge
alternative label: SurfaceChargeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-4
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159

Objective
type: Class
comment: The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.
elucidation: A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.

MolecularPartitionFunction
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.4
elucidation: Partition function of a molecule.

AbsoluteActivity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155
ISO80000Reference: 9-18
elucidation: The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019

MobilityRatio
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255
ISO80000Reference: 12-31
elucidation: Quotient of electron and hole mobility.

Multiplication
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: *

MixedTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.

Pico
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: p
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12

ReshapeManufacturing
type: Class
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Forming
alternative label: Umformen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
comment: The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.

ReactionSintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering

PhaseVelocity
type: Class
alternative label: PhaseSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-23.1
elucidation: For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity

CalciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 40.078
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 20
elucidation: Atom subclass for calcium.

TechnologyProcess
type: Class
comment: Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
comment: Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.
comment: Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
comment: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
comment: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
alternative label: ProductionEngineeringProcess
elucidation: Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
see also: DIN EN 14943:2006-03

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
see also: ISO 14034:2016-11

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
see also: EN 16603-11:2019-11

SandMolds
type: Class

MassPerLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

LandeFactor
type: Class
alternative label: GFactorOfAtom
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684
ISO80000Reference: 10-14.1
elucidation: Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.

ManganeseAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 54.938044
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 25
elucidation: Atom subclass for manganese.

HeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4.002602
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2
elucidation: Atom subclass for helium.

ActivePower
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-56
elucidation: Average power over a period.

ISO80000Categorised
type: Class

Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
conceptualisation: A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
elucidation: The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
example: The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
comment: Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Collection
etymology: From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.

AmountPerMassPressureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

Declarer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.
example: A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle).
example: Someone who assigns a name to an object.

AccelerationUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ChlorineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cl

SolidSolidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.
example: Granite, sand, dried concrete.

DissociationConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.

EinsteiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 252.083
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 99
elucidation: Atom subclass for einsteinium.

SpatioTemporalTile
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: WellFormedTile

NeutronNumber
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.2
elucidation: Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
comment: Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119

NeodymiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 144.242
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60
elucidation: Atom subclass for neodymium.

ElectricPotentialUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

NeonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ne

ActivityOfSolvent
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.1
elucidation: For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.

LengthTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

LongRangeOrderParameter
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.2
elucidation: Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.

StandaloneAtom
type: Class
comment: A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing.
elucidation: An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.

Shape3Vector
type: Class
elucidation: A real vector with 3 elements.
example: The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.

MassPerQuarticTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Flanging
type: Class

Electroplating
type: Class

GluonType1
type: Class

PhysicalPhenomenon
type: Class
comment: While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist
elucidation: A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly.

Sol
type: Class
elucidation: A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.

NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

IonNumberDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: IonDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218
ISO80000Reference: 10-62.2
elucidation: Number of ions per volume.

Energy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy
ISO80000Reference: 5-20-1
elucidation: A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101

LivermoriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lv

SIUnitSymbol
type: Class

MeitneriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 278.156
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 109
elucidation: Atom subclass for meitnerium.

ElectricConductanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

DimensionlessUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS
elucidation: The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.
example: Refractive index Plane angle Number of apples

InternalStep
type: Class
elucidation: A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.

FormingFromIonised
type: Class

ScalarMeson
type: Class
elucidation: A meson with spin zero and even parity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson

Radius
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.6
elucidation: Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius

Structural
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

ParticulateMatter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

AreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Molecule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ChemicalSubstance
elucidation: An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
example: H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄
comment: An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.
comment: This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).

ThermalResistivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

SolidLiquidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.

Tera
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E12

StandardAbsoluteActivity
type: Class
alternative label: StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159
ISO80000Reference: 9-23
elucidation: For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.

ActivityCoefficient
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224
ISO80000Reference: 9-25
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116

SourceCode
type: Class
elucidation: A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
comment: A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
comment: Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).

Axiom
annotated target: Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).

BetaDisintegrationEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340
ISO80000Reference: 10-34
elucidation: Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.

ThermomechanicalTreatment
type: Class

MassAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

PraseodymiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pr

ErbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Er

ElectricResistivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

Conventional
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional.
elucidation: A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.

Description
type: Class
elucidation: A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
example: A biography.
example: A sentence about some object, depticting its properties.
comment: A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together.

SolidAngularMeasure
type: Class
alternative label: SolidAngle
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle
ISO80000Reference: 3-8
elucidation: Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle

CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0

ThermalUtilizationFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650
ISO80000Reference: 10-76
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.

FluorineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: F

Deducer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.
example: Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression.
example: Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena.

C
type: Class

SilverAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 107.8682
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 47
elucidation: Atom subclass for silver.

Arrangement
type: Class
comment: The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
comment: The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole.
alternative label: MereologicalState
elucidation: A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
example: e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin.

PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ChipboardManufacturing
type: Class

MeanMassRange
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670
ISO80000Reference: 10-57
elucidation: Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783

RotationalFrequency
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-17.2
elucidation: Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.

OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.3
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.

ActiniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 227.02775
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 89
elucidation: Atom subclass for actinium.

BlowMolding
type: Class

PrincipalQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.2
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.

CalciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ca

RedBottomQuark
type: Class

SecondPolarMomentOfArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-21.2

PhysicalObject
type: Class
elucidation: A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system.
comment: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: PhysicalObject
etymology: From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).

PseudovectorMeson
type: Class
elucidation: A meson with total spin 1 and even parit.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson

Solubility
type: Class
comment: The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740

ClassicallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

Point
type: Class

LorenzCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: LorenzNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754
ISO80000Reference: 12-18
elucidation: Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.

InspectionDevice
type: Class

LinearExpansionCoefficient
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.1
elucidation: Relative change of length per change of temperature.

Gel
type: Class
elucidation: A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.

ConfigurationLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A construction language used to write configuration files.
example: .ini files
example: Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages

Deduction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: IndexSemiosis

CompressiveForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
comment: lasciano tensioni residue di compressione
alternative label: Druckumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
see also: DIN 8583-1:2003-09

SIBaseUnit
type: Class
disjoint union of: Ampere
disjoint union of: Candela
disjoint union of: Kelvin
disjoint union of: Kilogram
disjoint union of: Metre
disjoint union of: Mole
disjoint union of: Second
elucidation: The base units in the SI system.

TeraPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E12
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).

AffinityOfAChemicalReaction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ChemicalAffinity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783
ISO80000Reference: 9-30
elucidation: Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178

Porosity
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762

ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.1

Tau
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle)

BlueTopQuark
type: Class

ConstructionLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages

ApplicationProgram
type: Class
alternative label: App
alternative label: Application
elucidation: A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
example: Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.

Observation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Observation
etymology: From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),

AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.

RelativeMassExcess
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610
ISO80000Reference: 10-22.1
elucidation: Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.

POH
type: Class
comment: Written as pOH
elucidation: number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)

MagneticFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux
ISO80000Reference: 6-22.1
elucidation: Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684

LithiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 6.94
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3
elucidation: Atom subclass for lithium.

RhodiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 102.9055
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 45
elucidation: Atom subclass for rhodium.

ActiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ac

AlgebricOperator
type: Class

ApplicationSpecificScript
type: Class
elucidation: A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.
example: Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica.

PrecipitationHardening
type: Class
comment: hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution

Axiom
annotated target: hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution
see also: ISO 4885:2018-02

RestMass
type: Class
alternative label: InvariantMass
alternative label: ProperMass
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity
ISO80000Reference: 10-2
elucidation: For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass

ElectronAffinity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-25
elucidation: energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor

LiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed

EntropyPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0

AmountTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0

RelativeMassDensity
type: Class
alternative label: RelativeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-4
elucidation: Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262

AtomicPhysicsCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025
ISO80000Reference: 10-38.1
elucidation: Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.

DoseEquivalent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent
ISO80000Reference: 10-83.1
elucidation: A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101

TemperatureTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

UnifiedAtomicMassConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.3
elucidation: 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497

Line
type: Class

EncodedData
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective.
alternative label: EncodedVariation
elucidation: A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
example: A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
example: A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
comment: We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
wikipediaReference: https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

Axiom
annotated target: We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
example: The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen.

RadiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 226.02541
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 88
elucidation: Atom subclass for radium.

SystemUnit
type: Class

GravitySintering
type: Class
see also: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder
alternative label: Loose-powderSintering
alternative label: PressurelessSintering

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder

EntropyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

SpecialUnit
type: Class
comment: Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects.
elucidation: A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
example: Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m

MagneticMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MagneticAreaMoment
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-23
elucidation: A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688

MeasuredConstant
type: Class
elucidation: For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.

RoentgeniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 281.166
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 111
elucidation: Atom subclass for roentgenium.

BohrRadius
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571
ISO80000Reference: 10-6
elucidation: Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693

Exa
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: E
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18

EffectiveMass
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434
ISO80000Reference: 12-30
elucidation: The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.

ParticleConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574
ISO80000Reference: 9-9.1

Quantum
type: Class
conceptualisation: A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions.
definition: The class of entities without proper parts.
elucidation: The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities.
example: From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
comment: A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Quantum
etymology: From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as".

ScandiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sc

SeaborgiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sg

LengthMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

CobaltAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58.933194
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 27
elucidation: Atom subclass for cobalt.

LuminanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1

MassPerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Displacement
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry)
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.11
elucidation: vector quantity between any two points in space
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry)

Enthalpy
type: Class
comment: Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy
ISO80000Reference: 5.20-3
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141

LarmonFrequency
type: Class
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.2
elucidation: Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.

SolubilityProduct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers.
alternative label: SolubilityProductConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742

ElectronDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.1
elucidation: Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.

Emulsion
type: Class
elucidation: An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).
example: Mayonnaise, milk.

Screwing
type: Class
comment: Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
alternative label: Schrauben

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
see also: DIN 65099-5:1989-11

ArsenicAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 74.921595
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 33
elucidation: Atom subclass for arsenic.

BromineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Br

NumberOfEntities
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-1
elucidation: Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266

LawrenciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 262.11
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 103
elucidation: Atom subclass for lawrencium.

Material
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
comment: A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
comment: Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.

MolecularFormula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2

Namer
type: Class
elucidation: An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.

LiquidGasSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.
example: Sparkling water

AttoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).

Task
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Job
elucidation: A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
comment: A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.

Thickness
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.4
elucidation: Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.

PositionVector
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry)
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.10
elucidation: Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry)

NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0

Spacing
type: Class

LiquidSol
type: Class
elucidation: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.

ElementalSubstance
type: Class
alternative label: PureSubstance
elucidation: A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01022

Momentum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Product of mass and velocity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum
ISO80000Reference: 4-8
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007

DubniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Db

FundamentalInteraction
type: Class
conceptualisation: A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
elucidation: A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
comment: A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.

PetaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E15
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).

CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ThermalTransmittance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-10.1
elucidation: At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.

FrequencyPerVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Process
type: Class
comment: Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept.
alternative label: Occurrent
alternative label: Perdurant
elucidation: A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension.
comment: A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related.

MetricPrefix
type: Class
elucidation: Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.

ParticleEmissionRate
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151
ISO80000Reference: 10-36
elucidation: Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.

ContinuumModel
type: Class
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.

StaticFrictionForce
type: Class
alternative label: StaticFriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.3

AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-70
elucidation: Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.

PositionVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC
comment: Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3
alternative label: Position
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector
definition: Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O.

LengthTimeTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

CeriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ce

Milling
type: Class
comment: Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
alternative label: Fräsen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
see also: DIN 8589-3:2003-09

ElectronMass
type: Class
comment: The rest mass of an electron.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008

NeutralAtom
type: Class
elucidation: A standalone atom that has no net charge.

FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece
type: Class
comment: da una forma non propria ad una forma propria
comment: From Powder, from liquid, from gas
comment: Powder: particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size

Measurement
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer.
comment: A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.
elucidation: An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
VIMTerm: measurement

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.

MolecularConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973
ISO80000Reference: 9-9.2
elucidation: Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.

StandardAmountConcentration
type: Class
alternative label: StandardConcentration
alternative label: StandardMolarConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689
definition: Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
ISO80000Reference: 9-12.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909

Minus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: -

HardeningByForming
type: Class
alternative label: Verfestigen durch Umformen

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Verfestigen durch Umformen
see also: DIN 8580:2022-12

ThreeManifold
type: Class
alternative label: 3-manifold

FormingBlasting
type: Class
comment: Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
alternative label: Umformstrahlen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

GreenStrangeQuark
type: Class

Procedure
type: Class
alternative label: Elaboration
alternative label: Work
conceptualisation: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
elucidation: The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
example: The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
comment: A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Procedure
etymology: From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”).

Axiom
annotated target: The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).

ChemicalEntity
type: Class
comment: A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance). This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom. In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology. The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).

MaximumEfficiency
type: Class
alternative label: CarnotEfficiency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862
ISO80000Reference: 5-25.2
elucidation: Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.

CoherenceLength
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793
ISO80000Reference: 12-38.2
elucidation: Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature

WorkPiece
type: Class
comment: A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes.
comment: In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).
comment: In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
comment: It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid
comment: Object that is processed with a machine
comment: Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product
comment: The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.
comment: They are not powders or threads
comment: a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
comment: fili e polveri non sono compresi
comment: it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape.
comment: it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape
comment: powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them
alternative label: Werkstück
elucidation: A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Object that is processed with a machine
see also: DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
see also: ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143

Declaration
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ConventionalSemiosis

HotDipGalvanizing
type: Class
alternative label: Hot-dipGalvanizing

PlanckFunction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-23
elucidation: Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.

LiquidLiquidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.

AreaPerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-33
elucidation: Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density)

DebyeWallerFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587
ISO80000Reference: 12-8
elucidation: Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.

EuropiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Eu

AreaTimeTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

OxygenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 15.999
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 8
elucidation: Atom subclass for oxygen.

ElectricFluxUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

SISubMultiplePrefix
type: Class

TennessineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ts

Perspective
type: Class
elucidation: The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
comment: This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Perspective
etymology: From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.

Device
type: Class
alternative label: Equipment
alternative label: Machine
elucidation: An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Equipment
etymology: From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Machine
etymology: From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Device
etymology: From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide".

SubProcess
type: Class
elucidation: A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
example: Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
comment: In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.

Spray
type: Class
elucidation: A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.

Milli
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: m
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001

NobeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 259.101
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 102
elucidation: Atom subclass for nobelium.

Estimator
type: Class
elucidation: A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).

Suspension
type: Class
comment: Suspensions show no significant effect on light.
elucidation: An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.

GreenUpAntiQuark
type: Class

CobaltSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Co

ThermalTransmittanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

StrictFundamental
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).

Auditory
type: Class
comment: 'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, a ear.
alternative label: Sound
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
example: When we use the term 'sound' what are we referring to? The EMMO identifis a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer). In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds. If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).

LiquidSolution
type: Class
elucidation: A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.

ContinuousCasting
type: Class

CausallHairedSystem
type: Class

Hecto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: h
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0

MathematicalFunction
type: Class
comment: A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y).
alternative label: FunctionDefinition
elucidation: A function defined using functional notation.
example: y = f(x)

PotentialEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.1
elucidation: The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778

MetallicMaterial
type: Class

Plasma
type: Class
elucidation: A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.

ThermalDiffusionFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629
ISO80000Reference: 9-40.2
elucidation: Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.

MagneticFluxUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

BlueUpAntiQuark
type: Class

MassDefect
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126
ISO80000Reference: 10-21.2
elucidation: Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.

Numerical
type: Class
elucidation: A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).

SpatialTile
type: Class
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.

MachineCell
type: Class
comment: Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository.
elucidation: A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.

InjectionMolding
type: Class

MigrationArea
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.3
elucidation: Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.

Vapor
type: Class
elucidation: A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.

WNegativeBoson
type: Class

Zepto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: z
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21

DigitalData
type: Class
alternative label: BinaryData
elucidation: Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.

ElectricChargePerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

DropForging
type: Class

AntiElectronType
type: Class

InorganicCompound
type: Class

FormingFromGas
type: Class

GluonType4
type: Class

AntimonySymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sb

ElectricFluxDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ElectricDisplacement
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-12
elucidation: Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.

Role
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: HolisticPart
alternative label: Part
elucidation: An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
comment: In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Part
etymology: From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Role
etymology: From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.

TemperaturePerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

AnalogicalIcon
type: Class
elucidation: An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
example: A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object.
example: Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance
example: MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow.
comment: An icon that focus on HOW the object works.
comment: The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: AnalogicalIcon
etymology: From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”).

ElectricPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.
alternative label: ElectroStaticPotential
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential
ISO80000Reference: 6-11.1
elucidation: Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935

ChemicalElement
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: string
comment: The IUPAC Gold Book defines the a chemical element both as: - a species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus - a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus This qualifies a chemical element as a name and not a matter obejct that can stand for an atom or a substance.
elucidation: The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01022

Nailing
type: Class
comment: Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
alternative label: Nageln

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
see also: DIN 65099-5:1989-11

SpeedUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

LeakageFactor
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-42.2
elucidation: One minus the square of the coupling factor

SiliconSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Si

Admittance
type: Class
alternative label: ComplexAdmittance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.1
elucidation: Inverse of the impendance.

EnergyTimePerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

AngularMomentumUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

TemporalTile
type: Class
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.

RedUpQuark
type: Class

LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation
type: Class
comment: Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system.
elucidation: The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.

MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

Nucleon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: Either a proton or a neutron.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon

Heteronuclear
type: Class
elucidation: A molecule composed of more than one element type.
example: Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).

MetrologicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
elucidation: A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.

Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure
ISO80000Reference: 4-14.1
elucidation: The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819

CausalInteraction
type: Class
conceptualisation: A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n.

AcousticQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.

LuminousIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity
ISO80000Reference: 7-14
elucidation: A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.

Datum
type: Class
elucidation: A self-consistent encoded data entity.
example: A character, a bit, a song in a CD.

ModulusOfCompression
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: BulkModulus
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.3
elucidation: Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.

String
type: Class
elucidation: A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
example: The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat.
comment: A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
comment: A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols.

RestEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-3
elucidation: Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
comment: E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy

FrequencyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Command
type: Class
comment: An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task.
example: From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`.
comment: A command must be interpretable by the computer system.
comment: Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them.

ChromiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cr

ParticlePositionVector
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.1
elucidation: Position vector of a particle.

PowerFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-58
elucidation: Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.

DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254
ISO80000Reference: 10-65
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.

SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.4
elucidation: Helmholtz energy per unit mass.

SystemResource
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Resource
elucidation: Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.

Existent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). 'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron.
comment: An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality.
comment: Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s.
deprecated: true
elucidation: A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Existent
etymology: ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest).

QuantumAnnihilation
type: Class
conceptualisation: A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1).

HalfValueThickness
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-53
elucidation: Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.

UpAntiQuark
type: Class

IodineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 126.90447
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 53
elucidation: Atom subclass for iodine.

PerTimeMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

MechanicalMobilityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Assembled
type: Class
elucidation: A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.

MeanDurationOfLife
type: Class
alternative label: MeanLifeTime
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime
qudtReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-25
elucidation: Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.

PartialPressure
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165
ISO80000Reference: 9-19
elucidation: Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420

Equals
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: =
elucidation: The equals symbol.

MesoscopicModel
type: Class
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.

PowerDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

PressureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Fermion
type: Class
elucidation: A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

Ruby
type: Class

ForceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

DarmastadtiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 281.165
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 110
elucidation: Atom subclass for darmastadtium.

Boolean
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  some values from: boolean
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: boolean
elucidation: A boolean number.

Mathematical
type: Class
comment: A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions.
elucidation: The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.

Quecto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: q
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-30

RelativeLinearStrain
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.2
elucidation: Relative change of length with respect the original length.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560

LengthPerCubeTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

SuperconductorEnergyGap
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-37
elucidation: Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.

Aerosol
type: Class
elucidation: A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.

PoyntingVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-34
elucidation: Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.

DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545
ISO80000Reference: 10-64
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.

Wavelength
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength
ISO80000Reference: 3-19
elucidation: Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659

XenonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 131.293
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 54
elucidation: Atom subclass for xenon.

ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

CopperAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 63.546
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 29
elucidation: Atom subclass for copper.

Guess
type: Class
elucidation: A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.

SerialWorkflow
type: Class
elucidation: A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.

Fundamental
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: Lifetime
alternative label: Maximal
elucidation: A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria.
example: A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Lifetime
etymology: From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Fundamental
etymology: From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”).

CompositePhysicalObject
type: Class
elucidation: The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.

ElectricFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-17
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.

ThalliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tl

ParallelWorkflow
type: Class

InductanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

ElementaryCharge
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge
ISO80000Reference: 10-5.1
elucidation: The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032

MomentOfIntertia
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-7
elucidation: Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006

SystemProgram
type: Class
elucidation: System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
example: An operating system. A graphic driver.

NuclidicMass
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809
ISO80000Reference: 10-4.2
elucidation: Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258

SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0

ReciprocalMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ProcessEngineeringProcess
type: Class
comment: Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik

RelativePermeability
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-27
elucidation: Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272

LogarithmicDecrement
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-25
elucidation: Product of damping coefficient and period duration.

ThoriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 232.0377
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 90
elucidation: Atom subclass for thorium.

SIDerivedUnit
type: Class

InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487
ISO80000Reference: 10-78.2
elucidation: In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.

NonEncodedData
type: Class
alternative label: EnvironmentalData
elucidation: Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
example: A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
comment: This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally.

Smoke
type: Class
elucidation: Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.

HydrogenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.008
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1
elucidation: Atom subclass for hydrogen.

ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
type: Class

BlueCharmAntiQuark
type: Class

SpecificActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MassicActivity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-28
elucidation: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790

SolidSol
type: Class
elucidation: A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.

IridiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 192.217
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 77
elucidation: Atom subclass for iridium.

LinearDensityOfElectricCharge
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-5
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.

Matter
type: Class
alternative label: PhysicalSubstance
conceptualisation: The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
elucidation: A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts.
comment: A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions.
comment: Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Matter
etymology: From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”).

MathematicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Class
  complement of: Restriction

GasSolution
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: GasMixture
elucidation: A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.

LuminousEfficacyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1

IRI
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
elucidation: An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set.
example: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος
comment: IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier

Axiom
annotated target: An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set.

Tool
type: Class
elucidation: An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Tool
etymology: Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.

BerkeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bk

SourceVoltage
type: Class
alternative label: SourceTension
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329
ISO80000Reference: 6-36
elucidation: Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.

AqueousSolution
type: Class
elucidation: A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.

ElectricChargeDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: VolumeElectricCharge
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-3
elucidation: Electric charge per volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988

PhysicalPhenomena
type: Class
elucidation: A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest.

ExaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E18
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).

AmountPerMassTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

NeutronYieldPerFission
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909
ISO80000Reference: 10-74.1
elucidation: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.

EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245
ISO80000Reference: 10-40
elucidation: Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.

NanoMaterial
type: Class
elucidation: Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm

EnergyImparted
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-80.1
elucidation: Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.

PhysicsMathematicalComputation
type: Class
elucidation: A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
comment: The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.

MultiParticlePath
type: Class

ModulusOfAdmittance
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.4

FormingFromChip
type: Class

SolidSolution
type: Class
elucidation: A solid solution made of two or more component substances.

MegaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).

UnitOne
type: Class
alternative label: Unitless
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS
definition: Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
elucidation: "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure
example: Refractive index or volume fraction.
example: Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out.

FermiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 257.09511
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100
elucidation: Atom subclass for fermium.

RefractiveIndex
type: Class
comment: Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240

ReciprocalDuration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: InverseDuration
alternative label: InverseTime
alternative label: ReciprocalTime
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850

EuclideanSpace
type: Class

MassSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

PermittivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

NucleonNumber
type: Class
alternative label: MassNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number
ISO80000Reference: 10-1.3
elucidation: number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726

RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-17.1
elucidation: Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.

Intensive
type: Class
comment: Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
elucidation: A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.
example: Temperature Density Pressure ChemicalPotential

WaveVector
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-21
elucidation: Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector

HardeningByRolling
type: Class
alternative label: VerfestigendurchWalzen
comment: Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.

Axiom
annotated target: Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.
see also: DIN 65099-7:1989-11

ReciprocalLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
type: Class
elucidation: A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
example: cm/s

ElectronAntiNeutrino
type: Class

EquilibriumPositionVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.2
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.

TotalCurrent
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-19.2
elucidation: Sum of electric current and displacement current

DeepFreezing
type: Class
alternative label: Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze
alternative label: Tieftemperaturbehandeln
comment: Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite

Axiom
annotated target: Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite
see also: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07

VacuumElectricPermittivity
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
comment: The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
alternative label: PermittivityOfVacuum
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-14.1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508

PerLengthTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

ActiveEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-62
elucidation: The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.

RelativeHumidity
type: Class
comment: The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-33
elucidation: Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity

Work
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work
definition: Product of force and displacement.
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.4
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684

ModulusOfElasticity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: YoungsModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.1
elucidation: Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966

BoronAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.81
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 5
elucidation: Atom subclass for boron.

TantalumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ta

ChemicalNomenclature
type: Class
comment: A chemical numenclature should not be confused with the chemical formula.
elucidation: A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.

ElectricPolarization
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-7
elucidation: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.

URI
type: Class
elucidation: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
comment: URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]

Axiom
annotated target: A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.

StrontiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sr

Workflow
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.

Perceptual
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of real world objects that are recognizable by the ontologist through a specific perception mechanism. This perspective is based on human characterization of perceptions. In other words, a 'Perceptual' is a meta-object, meaning that is addressed by the ontologist (the meta-interpreter) in a semiotic process occurring outside the EMMO. The 'Perceptual' branch is here to facilitate the connection between an individual and the real-world object for which it stands for. A 'Perceptual' can stand for another object in an EMMO described semiotic process (acting as sign or as object), just like a word on a paper (the perceptual object) may refer semiotically to another object. However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). A 'Perceptual' becomes an 'Object', when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist within the EMMO, and it's done always specifying for which interpreter this relation occurs.
elucidation: The class of 'Physical' individuals which stand for real world objects that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) into the ontologist and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
example: A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
example: The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Perceptual' class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Perceptual' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage. We could have represented the word "elephant" within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Perceptual
etymology: From Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”).

CPlusPlus
type: Class
alternative label: C++
elucidation: A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.

Information
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: Information is encoded data with a meaning (semiotic sign).

FormingFromPlastic
type: Class

Program
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: Executable
elucidation: A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
comment: A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.

Axiom
annotated target: A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.

PowderCoating
type: Class

TerbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tb

HolisticSystem
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time.
elucidation: An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.

RecombinationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-63
elucidation: Coefficient in the law of recombination,

SamariumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 150.36
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 62
elucidation: Atom subclass for samarium.

DebyeAngularFrequency
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986
ISO80000Reference: 12-10
elucidation: Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.

MassChangeRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547
ISO80000Reference: 4-30.3
elucidation: Mass increment per time.

MesoscopicSubstance
type: Class

GrowingCrystal
type: Class

PhaseOfMatter
type: Class
alternative label: Phase
elucidation: A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
comment: In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.

Axiom
annotated target: In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

Deduced
type: Class
elucidation: A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity.

CelsiusTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature
ISO80000Reference: 5-2
elucidation: An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261

LutetiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lu

AngularMomentum
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum
ISO80000Reference: 4-11
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353

SulfurSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: S

TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

StandardEquilibriumConstant
type: Class
alternative label: ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378
ISO80000Reference: 9-32
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915

MagneticReluctance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Reluctance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-39
elucidation: Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.

IndiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: In

HiggsBoson
type: Class
elucidation: An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

BohriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 270.133
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 107
elucidation: Atom subclass for bohrium.

SIAcceptedUnit
type: Class
comment: This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide.
elucidation: Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI

EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
type: Class
elucidation: A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.

SeaborgiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 271.134
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 106
elucidation: Atom subclass for seaborgium.

Moulding
type: Class
comment: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
alternative label: Gesenkformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

ReactiveMaterial
type: Class
elucidation: A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction.

BohrMagneton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.2
elucidation: Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.

Kilo
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: k
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0

TungstenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: W

CharmAntiQuark
type: Class

VaporDeposition
type: Class

Bending
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress
see also: DIN 8586:2003-09

GapEnergy
type: Class
alternative label: BandgapEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-27.2
elucidation: Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593

GermaniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 72.63
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 32
elucidation: Atom subclass for germanium.

ArgonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ar

InverseSquareMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

FermiAnglularWaveNumber
type: Class
alternative label: FermiAnglularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.2
elucidation: angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere

JoinManufacturing
type: Class
comment: The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Fügen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
see also: DIN 8593-0:2003-09

EmpiricalFormula
type: Class
elucidation: An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
example: Hydrogen peroxide is HO

EinsteiniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Es

CurieTemperature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.1
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.

GermaniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ge

JosephsonConstantUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458
ISO80000Reference: 9-16
elucidation: Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.

PerTemperatureTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

PhosphorusSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: P

UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.3
elucidation: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.

CausalParticle
type: Class
conceptualisation: The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time.
definition: The union of Elementary and Quantum classes.
elucidation: The class of entities that have no spatial structure.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalParticle
etymology: From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

IsothermalConversion
type: Class

Colloid
type: Class
elucidation: A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
comment: Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light.

Theorisation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Theorization
elucidation: The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.

QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

DonorDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.4
elucidation: Number of donor levels per volume.

MassFlow
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048
ISO80000Reference: 4-30.1
elucidation: At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.

SlowingDownArea
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.1
elucidation: In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.

ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

Micro
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: μ
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6

ParticleFluenceRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-44
elucidation: Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.

PhysicsEquationSolution
type: Class
comment: This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). A dataset as solution is a conventional sign.
elucidation: A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
example: A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.

PlutoniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 244.06421
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 94
elucidation: Atom subclass for plutonium.

MagneticQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.4
elucidation: Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.

Uncoded
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.
example: A random generated id for a product.

OrdinaryMatter
type: Class
elucidation: Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.

ElectronicModel
type: Class
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
example: Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.

Distance
type: Class
comment: Distance is the norm of Displacement.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.8
elucidation: Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance

AreaFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.
example: Unit for solid angle.

RichardsonConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-26
elucidation: Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.

SemioticObject
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).
alternative label: Object
elucidation: The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.

TimePerVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

QuantumData
type: Class
elucidation: Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.

Tempering
type: Class
alternative label: QuenchingAndTempering
alternative label: Vergüten
comment: Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.

Axiom
annotated target: Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.
see also: DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11

TensileForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
alternative label: Zugdruckumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
see also: DIN 8584-1:2003-09

QuantumDecay
type: Class
conceptualisation: A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n).

SecondAxialMomentOfArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-21.1

OrganicCompound
type: Class

TennessineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 293.208
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 117
elucidation: Atom subclass for tennessine.

SICoherentUnit
type: Class
elucidation: A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor of offset.
comment: Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.

ArithmeticOperator
type: Class

GluonType2
type: Class

AntiLepton
type: Class

LeadSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pb

EnergyDensityOfStates
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031
ISO80000Reference: 12-16
elucidation: Quantity in condensed matter physics.

IronSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fe

ProductionEngineering
type: Class

GalliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 69.723
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 31
elucidation: Atom subclass for gallium.

MaterialsProcessing
type: Class
alternative label: ContinuumManufacturing
elucidation: A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
example: Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
comment: A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.

DarmastadtiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ds

DerivedQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
VIMTerm: derived quantity

TemperaturePerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

SurfaceActivityDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-30
elucidation: Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.

DiffusivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

LinkedFlux
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-22.2
elucidation: Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.

KryptonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 83.798
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 36
elucidation: Atom subclass for krypton.

IonicStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-42
elucidation: For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180

AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278
ISO80000Reference: 12-2.1
elucidation: Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.

Coded
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat.
comment: Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type.
elucidation: A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
example: A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author.
example: The name "red" that stands for the color of an object.

Quark
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

YttriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 88.90584
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39
elucidation: Atom subclass for yttrium.

RedStrangeAntiQuark
type: Class

ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

PromethiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 144.91276
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 61
elucidation: Atom subclass for promethium.

FreeForming
type: Class
comment: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
comment: Non la metterei
comment: Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation).

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
see also: DIN 65099-3:1989-11

DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630
ISO80000Reference: 10-39
elucidation: Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.

KiloPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).

LeadAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 207.2
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 82
elucidation: Atom subclass for lead.

MagneticPolarisation
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-29
elucidation: Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.

Numeral
type: Class

DebyeTemperature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821
ISO80000Reference: 12-11

RedAntiQuark
type: Class

YttriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Y

Liquid
type: Class
elucidation: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.

RichardsonConstantUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0

ArgonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39.948
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 18
elucidation: Atom subclass for argon.

RapidPrototyping
type: Class
elucidation: Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.

NihoniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 286.182
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 113
elucidation: Atom subclass for nihonium.

NaturalMaterial
type: Class
elucidation: A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.

ElectricResistanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

GreenTopQuark
type: Class

DebyeAngularWaveNumber
type: Class
alternative label: DebyeAngluarRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.3
elucidation: Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.

PlanckConstant
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant
elucidation: The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685

FirstGenerationFermion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

AngularAcceleration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration
ISO80000Reference: 3-13
elucidation: vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration

SolidMixture
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

MassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

FormingJoin
type: Class

PoloniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 208.98243
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 84
elucidation: Atom subclass for polonium.

AngularFrequencyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

AreaSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

RutherfordiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 267.122
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 104
elucidation: Atom subclass for rutherfordium.

PhosphorusAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 30.973761998
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 15
elucidation: Atom subclass for phosphorus.

LengthPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

TransferMolding
type: Class

CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.

SiliconAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 28.085
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 14
elucidation: Atom subclass for silicon.

ElectricImpedance
type: Class
comment: Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
alternative label: Impedance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.1
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance
maccorLabel: acimp/ohms

Broadcast
type: Class

FleroviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 289.19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 114
elucidation: Atom subclass for flerovium.

ZirconiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Zr

Yocto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: y
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-24

ApparentPower
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-57
elucidation: RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.

Hadron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: Particles composed of two or more quarks.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

ElementaryParticle
type: Class
alternative label: SingleParticleChain
conceptualisation: An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
elucidation: A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ElementaryParticle
etymology: From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).

TungstenAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 183.84
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 74
elucidation: Atom subclass for tungsten.

MassFraction
type: Class
comment: Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction
ISO80000Reference: 9-11
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722

KryptonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Kr

ElectricCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
alternative label: AreicElectricCurrent
alternative label: CurrentDensity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-8
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928

Hardening
type: Class
comment: Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.

Axiom
annotated target: Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.
see also: ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19

Cognition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: IconSemiosis

EntropyPerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

MultiSimulation
type: Class
elucidation: A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.

Gluon
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

MassExcess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163
ISO80000Reference: 10-21.1
elucidation: Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719

MeasuringSystem
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measuring system

LinearElectricCurrentDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-9
elucidation: Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity

AluminiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 26.9815385
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 13
elucidation: Atom subclass for aluminium.

ChemicalComposition
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.

PhaseDifference
type: Class
alternative label: DisplacementAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-48
elucidation: Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.

MechanicalEfficiency
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085
ISO80000Reference: 4-29
elucidation: Quotient of mechanical output and input power.

Femto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: f
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-15

GreenBottomQuark
type: Class

HeatCapacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity
ISO80000Reference: 5-15
elucidation: Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753

EMMO
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
conceptualisation: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
definition: The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes.
elucidation: The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities.
comment: EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one).

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO.

Axiom
annotated property: subClassOf
annotated target: Restriction
comment: All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: EMMO
etymology: EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology.

Axiom
annotated target: The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
comment: While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon).

Axiom
annotated target: The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes.
comment: The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time.

IsentropicExponent
type: Class
comment: For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-17.2

Electron
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

TemporallyRedundant
type: Class
elucidation: A whole with temporal parts of its same type.

SeleniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 78.971
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 34
elucidation: Atom subclass for selenium.

GrandCanonicalPartionFunction
type: Class
alternative label: GrandPartionFunction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.3

CoefficientOfThermalExpansion
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ThermalExpansionCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760
elucidation: Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.

PH
type: Class
comment: At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: pH < 7 are acidic; pH = 7 are neutral; pH > 7 are alkaline. At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7.
comment: Written as pH
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C
elucidation: Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524

GoldSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Au

Speed
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Length per unit time. Speed in the absolute value of the velocity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed
ISO80000Reference: 3-8.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852

AmountOfSubstance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -- SI Brochure
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance
ISO80000Reference: 9-2
elucidation: The number of elementary entities present.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297

ThermalInsulance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: CoefficientOfThermalInsulance
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-11
elucidation: Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.

MagneticDipoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. -- ISO 80000
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.1
ISO80000Reference: 6-30
elucidation: Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
iupacReference: http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688

ElementaryFermion
type: Class

AcceptorDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.5
elucidation: quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.

SINonCoherentUnit
type: Class
elucidation: A unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
comment: A non-SI coherent can be expressed in terms of its corresponding SI coherent unit, as nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset where `multiplier` and `offset` are specified via the 'hasConversionMultiplier' and 'hasConversionOffset' data properties, respectively.

ThirdGenerationFermion
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

ThuliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 168.93422
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 69
elucidation: Atom subclass for thulium.

Product
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: Output
ISO9000Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2
ISO14040Reference: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9
elucidation: The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
comment: This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Product
etymology: From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.

BondedAtom
type: Class
comment: A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.
comment: The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic.
comment: This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule.
elucidation: An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.

InternalEnergy
type: Class
alternative label: ThermodynamicEnergy
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 5.20-2
elucidation: A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103

NonActivePower
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-61
elucidation: For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.

CriticalTemperature
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516
elucidation: Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.

MuonNeutrino
type: Class
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino

AbsorbedDoseRateUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.2
elucidation: Real part of the impedance.

PureParallelWorkflow
type: Class
alternative label: EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow
elucidation: A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves.

MassTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

MetrologicalUncertainty
type: Class
comment: In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty.
comment: Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.
alternative label: A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation.
elucidation: The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
example: - Standard deviation - Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability
comment: Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured".

AbsorbedDoseUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ThuliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tm

AtomisticModel
type: Class
elucidation: A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.

LengthTimeCurrentUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

Frequency
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-15.1
elucidation: Number of periods per time interval.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383

Replica
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.
example: A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one.
example: Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...).

SpecificEnthalpy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.3
elucidation: Enthalpy per unit mass.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy

CaesiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 132.90545196
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 55
elucidation: Atom subclass for caesium.

VolumePerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0

Mega
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: M
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0

Torus
type: Class

CapacitancePerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

QuarticLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Foaming
type: Class

DefinedEdgeCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
alternative label: Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
see also: DIN 8589-0:2003-09

Software
type: Class
elucidation: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
comment: Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Software
etymology: From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953.

Axiom
annotated target: All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.

Axiom
annotated target: Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.

NonPrefixedUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.

PerThermalTransmittanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

ManufacturingDevice
type: Class
elucidation: A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.

ManufacturedProduct
type: Class
alternative label: Artifact
alternative label: Engineered
alternative label: TangibleProduct
elucidation: An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
example: Car, tire, composite material.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Artifact
etymology: From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Engineered
etymology: From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget").

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: TangibleProduct
etymology: From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ManufacturedProduct
etymology: From Latin manufacture: "made by hand".

ElectricConductivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

MeasuredProperty
type: Class
comment: The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM
elucidation: A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.

WorkpieceManufacturing
type: Class
see also: DIN 8580:2020
see also: ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.
see also: ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components
alternative label: DiscreteManufacturing
alternative label: Werkstücke @de
elucidation: A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components

Fluid
type: Class
elucidation: A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
example: Gas, liquid, plasma,

ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

SulfurAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 32.06
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 16
elucidation: Atom subclass for sulfur.

VolumePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Cognised
type: Class
elucidation: A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon.
example: A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist.

FunctionallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class

MassPerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

MathematicalFormula
type: Class
comment: The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain.
elucidation: A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.

SurfaceTension
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: 4-26
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192

SquarePressureTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

NumericalData
type: Class
elucidation: Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.

TimeConstant
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-15
elucidation: parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system

DensityOfVibrationalStates
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294
ISO80000Reference: 12-12
elucidation: quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume

GreenBottomAntiQuark
type: Class

EnergyAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ChemicalPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential
ISO80000Reference: 9-17
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032

ArithmeticExpression
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  complement of: Restriction
example: 2+2

Deci
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: d
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1

ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0

GreenCharmQuark
type: Class

SpatialTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.

ExactConstant
type: Class
elucidation: Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.

SymbolicConstruct
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
comment: This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema.

KineticFrictionFactor
type: Class
alternative label: DynamicFrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.2

PalladiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pd

EndStep
type: Class
elucidation: The final step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.

ChemicalMaterial
type: Class

VolumePerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

GluonType5
type: Class

URL
type: Class
elucidation: The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").

Axiom
annotated target: The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").

EuropiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 151.964
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 63
elucidation: Atom subclass for europium.

LeftHandedParticle
type: Class

ContinuumSubstance
type: Class
elucidation: A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
comment: A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant.
comment: A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe.
comment: A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity.

CompositePhysicalParticle
type: Class
conceptualisation: A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour.

LowPressureCasting
type: Class

MolarVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112
ISO80000Reference: 9-5
elucidation: Volume per amount of substance.

SimulationApplication
type: Class
elucidation: An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
example: An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.

TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.6
elucidation: Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.

Semiotics
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

LinearIonization
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-58
elucidation: Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.

ResemblanceIcon
type: Class
comment: The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture).
elucidation: An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
example: A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time.
comment: An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: ResemblanceIcon
etymology: From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

Constant
type: Class
elucidation: A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.

TechnetiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Tc

MagneticPotentialUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

Theory
type: Class
comment: The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument
elucidation: A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.

RheniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Re

Radioactivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: RadioactiveActivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity
elucidation: Decays per unit time.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114

PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
type: Class
elucidation: A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.

ProtonMass
type: Class
comment: The rest mass of a proton.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914

YtterbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 173.054
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 70
elucidation: Atom subclass for ytterbium.

RheniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 186.207
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 75
elucidation: Atom subclass for rhenium.

MeanFreePathOfPhonons
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255
ISO80000Reference: 12-15.1
elucidation: average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions

FundamentalFermion
type: Class
conceptualisation: A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

ThermalConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity
ISO80000Reference: 5-9
elucidation: At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.

Plus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: +

MeanFreePathOfElectrons
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307
ISO80000Reference: 12-15.2
elucidation: Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.

AbsorbedDose
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose
definition: Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
ISO80000Reference: 10-81.1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031

NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403
ISO80000Reference: 10-13.7
elucidation: Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.

StrontiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 87.62
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 38
elucidation: Atom subclass for strontium.

ElectricCurrentPhasor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596
ISO80000Reference: 6-49

MassFractionOfDryMatter
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-32
elucidation: Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.

Somatosensory
type: Class

ElectricChargeDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

MassPerVolumeTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Molds
type: Class

Proton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 2
elucidation: A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

NihoniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nh

IsochoricHeatCapacity
type: Class
alternative label: HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.3
elucidation: Heat capacity at constant volume.

PoissonNumber
type: Class
alternative label: PoissonsRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-18
elucidation: Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.

SeparateManufacturing
type: Class
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: CuttingManufacturing
alternative label: Trennen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.

AreaDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

DynamicViscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Viscosity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-24
elucidation: The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877

NominalProperty
type: Class
comment: "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
elucidation: An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
example: CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being.
VIMTerm: nominal property

PartialComposition
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.1

VolumetricNumberDensity
type: Class
elucidation: Count per volume.

Object
type: Class
comment: A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental.
alternative label: Continuant
alternative label: Endurant
elucidation: A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension.

PeriodDuration
type: Class
alternative label: Period
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-14
elucidation: duration of one cycle of a periodic event
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493

MaterialsModel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.

HalfLife
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-31
elucidation: Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.

RelativePressureCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-3.3

Assemblying
type: Class
elucidation: The act of connecting together the parts of something
comment: No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Assemblying
etymology: From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.

NonLeakageProbability
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566
ISO80000Reference: 10-77
elucidation: Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.

VolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Polynomial
type: Class
example: 2 * x^2 + x + 3

MagnesiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mg

IUPACNomencalture
type: Class

HeatFlowRate
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-7
elucidation: Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.

Rolling
type: Class
comment: Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
alternative label: Walzen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
see also: DIN 8583-2:2003-09

CoatingManufacturing
type: Class
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Beschichten @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.

CoperniciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cn

FundamentalAntiMatterParticle
type: Class

ChemicalFormula
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A chemical formula may also include other symbols such as parentheses, plus and minus signs, brackets
elucidation: A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.

TwoManifold
type: Class
alternative label: 2-manifold

Sequence
type: Class
elucidation: A tessellation of temporal slices.

ElectricChargeAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

ElectricReactance
type: Class
comment: The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
alternative label: Reactance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.3
comment: The imaginary part of the impedance.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162

Cleaning
type: Class
comment: Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material
see also: ISO 13574:2015-02

AngularMeasure
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-5
elucidation: The abstract notion of angle.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346

SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit
type: Class

DiffusionCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MassDiffusivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604008
elucidation: Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_diffusivity

Simulation
type: Class
alternative label: Modelling
elucidation: A estimation of a property using a functional icon.
example: I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it.

HydrogenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: H

ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0

ScientificTheory
type: Class
elucidation: A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.

LevelWidth
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340
ISO80000Reference: 10-26
elucidation: In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507

LiquidAerosol
type: Class
elucidation: An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.

MixingRatio
type: Class
comment: The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat.
alternative label: MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-30
elucidation: Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.

RutheniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 101.07
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 44
elucidation: Atom subclass for ruthenium.

BlueDownQuark
type: Class

ThomsonCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233
ISO80000Reference: 12-23
elucidation: quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference

NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.3
elucidation: Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.

AmountPerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

AreaTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

PerVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

TransportationDevice
type: Class

MagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Often denoted B.
alternative label: MagneticInduction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-21
elucidation: Strength of the magnetic field.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686

SamariumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sm

IndiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 114.818
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 49
elucidation: Atom subclass for indium.

GluonType7
type: Class

Painting
type: Class

SolidAerosol
type: Class
elucidation: An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.

Area
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Extent of a surface.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area
ISO80000Reference: 3-3
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429

OxygenSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: O

ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0

MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0

EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

LogarithmicUnit
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit
elucidation: A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
example: Decibel
comment: Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units

AreaPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

Luminance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²).
comment: a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640

BlueStrangeAntiQuark
type: Class

ElectricChargePerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

Metrological
type: Class
elucidation: A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
comment: Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)

Axiom
annotated target: Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)

Degenerency
type: Class
alternative label: Multiplicity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301
ISO80000Reference: 9-36.2
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556

OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent
type: Class
alternative label: OsmoticFactorOfSolvent
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.2
elucidation: Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342

SIDimensionalUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
comment: In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -- SI brouchure The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"

AlgebricEquation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s
example: 2 * a - b = c

Annealing
type: Class
comment: heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium

Axiom
annotated target: heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium
see also: EN 10028-1:2017-07

SpeedOfLightInVacuum
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-35.2
elucidation: The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854

Tile
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.

File
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.

Capacitance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ElectricCapacitance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance
ISO80000Reference: 6-13
elucidation: The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791

RadiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ra

TinAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 118.71
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 50
elucidation: Atom subclass for tin.

IterativeStep
type: Class
elucidation: A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow.
example: Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x.

PerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Estimated
type: Class
example: The biography of a person that the author have not met.

Mobility
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-61
elucidation: Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955

PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619
ISO80000Reference: 6-35.1
elucidation: Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.

MassPerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

RedTopAntiQuark
type: Class

Entropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
comment: May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy
ISO80000Reference: 5-18
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149

IsothermalCompressibility
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-5.1

Measurer
type: Class
elucidation: An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.

SolidFoam
type: Class
elucidation: A foam of trapped gas in a solid.
example: Aerogel

PhysicalLaw
type: Class
elucidation: A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.

StandardizedPhysicalQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).

FermiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fm

TechnetiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 97.90721
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 43
elucidation: Atom subclass for technetium.

MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

HoleDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101
ISO80000Reference: 12-29.2
elucidation: Number of holes in valence band per volume.

PressureFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.

SIMetricSubMultipleUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.

BlueDownAntiQuark
type: Class

Presses
type: Class

CentreOfMass
type: Class
comment: In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame.
elucidation: The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass

NumericalVariable
type: Class
elucidation: A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.

GaugePressure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211
ISO80000Reference: 4-14.2

Fugacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412
ISO80000Reference: 9-20
elucidation: Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543

ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
type: Class

MolarConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278
ISO80000Reference: 9-45
elucidation: Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976

FermiEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-27.1
elucidation: in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340

RedStrangeQuark
type: Class

HartreeEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree
ISO80000Reference: 10-8
elucidation: Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748

StructureFactor
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.4
elucidation: Mathematical description in crystallography.

PerLengthTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

PackingFraction
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276
ISO80000Reference: 10-23.1
elucidation: Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.

Step
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
elucidation: A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
comment: A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.

PolyatomicEntity
type: Class

VolumeFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.
example: Unit for volume fraction.

MicroPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).

ProgrammingLanguage
type: Class
alternative label: Code
alternative label: SoftwareCode
elucidation: A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
comment: A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution.
comment: Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper.

PhysioChemicalQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.

ElementalMaterial
type: Class

DippingForms
type: Class

WorkFunction
type: Class
comment: Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance.
alternative label: ElectronWorkFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-24.1
elucidation: least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015

PathLength
type: Class
alternative label: ArcLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.7
elucidation: Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

Symbol
type: Class
alternative label: AlphabeticEntity
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
example: The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A".
comment: Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters.
comment: Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)
comment: The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea.

ElectrolyticDeposition
type: Class

AbsoluteHumidity
type: Class
alternative label: MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-28
elucidation: Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.

Macromolecule
type: Class

PhysicalParticle
type: Class
alternative label: Particle
definition: The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
elucidation: A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
comment: The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Particle
etymology: From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

CoefficientOfFriction
type: Class
alternative label: FrictionCoefficient
alternative label: FrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524
elucidation: Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530

LatticeVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234
ISO80000Reference: 12-1.1
elucidation: translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself

SpaceAndTimeQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.

DownAntiQuarkType
type: Class

DiffusionLength
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-33
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.

ShearStrain
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.3
elucidation: Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637

ChemicalCompositionQuantity
type: Class

Solid
type: Class
elucidation: A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.

BoronSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: B

Concentration
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration
elucidation: the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222

LanthanumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: La

Division
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: /

DewPointTemperature
type: Class
comment: The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-36
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652

MilliPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
alternative label: m

RybergConstant
type: Class
comment: The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430

RedTopQuark
type: Class

JouleThomsonCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998
ISO80000Reference: 5-24

RelativeMassFractionOfVapour
type: Class
ISO80000Reference: 5-35

StructuralFormula
type: Class
elucidation: A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.

FormingFromPulp
type: Class

IronAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 55.845
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 26
elucidation: Atom subclass for iron.

DataBasedSimulationSoftware
type: Class
elucidation: A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.

Manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
see also: DIN 8580:2020
see also: ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion
see also: ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
elucidation: The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
comment: Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
wikipediaReference: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Manufacturing
etymology: From Latin manu factum ("made by hand").

PressureCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-4
elucidation: Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.

TemperaturePerPressureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

DownQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark

ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

TopQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark

SpecificEnergyImparted
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195
ISO80000Reference: 10-81.2
elucidation: In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.

ArithmeticEquation
type: Class
example: 1 + 1 = 2

Stage
type: Class
elucidation: A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
example: Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.

ISQDimensionlessQuantity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless
elucidation: A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742

ScalarMagneticPotential
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.1
elucidation: Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.

CausalConvexSystem
type: Class
conceptualisation: It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body.
elucidation: A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system.

CarbonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: C

TemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

Punctuation
type: Class

DieCasting
type: Class

VolumePerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

GigaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).

VolumeFraction
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction
ISO80000Reference: 9-14
elucidation: Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643

PotassiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: K

AmountPerAreaTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

ChemicallyDefinedMaterial
type: Class

CausalExpansion
type: Class
conceptualisation: A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n.

SubjectiveProperty
type: Class
elucidation: A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).
example: The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10.

Gyroradius
type: Class
alternative label: LarmorRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458
ISO80000Reference: 10-17
elucidation: Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.

Folding
type: Class

VolumePerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

TemporallyFundamental
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).

FORTRAN
type: Class

Torque
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque
ISO80000Reference: 4-12.2
elucidation: The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400

TimePerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

DampingCoefficient
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-24
elucidation: Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.

GreenDownAntiQuark
type: Class

ElectricChargeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

GreenStrangeAntiQuark
type: Class

Chemical
type: Class
elucidation: A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.

SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
type: Class

NonNumericalData
type: Class
elucidation: Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).

KineticEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy
ISO80000Reference: 4-28.2
elucidation: The energy of an object due to its motion.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402

IsobaricHeatCapacity
type: Class
alternative label: HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.2
elucidation: Heat capacity at constant pressure.

BaseQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
VIMTerm: base quantity

StandardUnit
type: Class
alternative label: ReferenceMaterial
elucidation: A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
example: Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l

FlexuralForming
type: Class
comment: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress.
alternative label: Biegeumformen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress.
see also: DIN 8586:2003-09

Strain
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.1
elucidation: Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.

NiobiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 92.90637
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 41
elucidation: Atom subclass for niobium.

BlueTopAntiQuark
type: Class

MolarGasConstant
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant
ISO80000Reference: 9-37.1
elucidation: Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579

StyleSheetLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
example: CSS
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language

LondonPenetrationDepth
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-38.1
elucidation: Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.

MolarGibbsEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.4
elucidation: Gibbs energy per amount of substance.

MeanFreePath
type: Class
comment: The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-38
elucidation: in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778

Python
type: Class

KnownConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
example: π refers to the constant number ~3.14

Casting
type: Class

MolarHelmholtzEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.3
elucidation: Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.

RedCharmAntiQuark
type: Class

Ronna
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: R
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E27

ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

PerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

PoloniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Po

ElectromagneticQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.

MarkupLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
example: HTML
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language

Nano
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: n
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9

AreaDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Mass per unit area.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167

NeodymiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nd

ThermodynamicTemperature
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature
ISO80000Reference: 5-1
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321

MassConcentrationOfWater
type: Class
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-27
elucidation: Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.

ReactorTimeConstant
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-79
elucidation: Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.

LanthanumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 138.90547
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 57
elucidation: Atom subclass for lanthanum.

MeasurementUnit
type: Class
elucidation: A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
example: kg m/s km
VIMTerm: measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)
comment: "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1
comment: "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf
comment: Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint.
comment: Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'.

StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431
ISO80000Reference: 9-36.1

CadmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cd

TopAntiQuark
type: Class

CapacitanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

Gathering
type: Class

Sign
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.
comment: According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition
elucidation: An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process.
example: A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols.

UraniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 238.02891
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 92
elucidation: Atom subclass for uranium.

Magnetization
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-24
elucidation: At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.

PhysicsBasedModel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
is defined by: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
elucidation: A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.

Axiom
annotated property: isDefinedBy
annotated target: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”

Circle
type: Class

MeitneriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mt

HallCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-19
elucidation: The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.

SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.4
elucidation: Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.

AreicSpeedUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

LengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

VolumeFlowRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: VolumetricFlowRate
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-31
elucidation: Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate

CarrierLifetime
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374
ISO80000Reference: 12-32.2
elucidation: Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors

RadiantEnergy
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526
ISO80000Reference: 10-45
elucidation: Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.

BromineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 79.904
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 35
elucidation: Atom subclass for bromine.

BerylliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Be

CaliforniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 251.07959
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 98
elucidation: Atom subclass for californium.

LarmonAngularFrequency
type: Class
ISO80000Reference: 10-15.1
elucidation: Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.

ComputerScience
type: Class
elucidation: A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
comment: A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption.

MagneticFieldStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
alternative label: MagnetizingFieldStrength
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-25
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683

AntiTau
type: Class

SpecificHeatCapacity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity
ISO80000Reference: 5-16.1
elucidation: Heat capacity divided by mass.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800

Illuminance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance
definition: The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941

GalliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ga

KinematicViscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-25
elucidation: Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395

CentiPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).

PhysicallyInteractingConvex
type: Class

GreenUpQuark
type: Class

Geometrical
type: Class
elucidation: A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
example: A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.

Boson
type: Class
elucidation: A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Boson
etymology: 1940s: named after S.N. Bose.

Gradient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ∇

PlasticModeling
type: Class

MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-87
elucidation: For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R

MoscoviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 289.194
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 115
elucidation: Atom subclass for moscovium.

DubniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 268.126
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 105
elucidation: Atom subclass for dubnium.

VoltagePhasor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605
ISO80000Reference: 6-50
elucidation: Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.

DisplacementCurrent
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-19.1
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.

StaticFrictionCoefficient
type: Class
alternative label: CoefficientOfStaticFriction
alternative label: StaticFrictionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.1

SeebeckCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448
ISO80000Reference: 12-21
elucidation: Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.

Property
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
example: Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test.
example: The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors.
comment: A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Property
etymology: From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”).

SemioticEntity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'
elucidation: The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.

BerylliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 9.0121831
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 4
elucidation: Atom subclass for beryllium.

TotalIonization
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787
ISO80000Reference: 10-59
elucidation: Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.

IridiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ir

SparkErosion
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
alternative label: elektrochemisches Abtragen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
see also: DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02

BlueStrangeQuark
type: Class

RedDownAntiQuark
type: Class

ChlorineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 35.45
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 17
elucidation: Atom subclass for chlorine.

BeginStep
type: Class
elucidation: An initial step of a workflow.
comment: There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.

SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.3
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.

HolisticArrangement
type: Class
elucidation: A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.

PhysicalConstant
type: Class
elucidation: Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants

StateOfMatter
type: Class
elucidation: A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
comment: In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

AngularWavenumber
type: Class
alternative label: AngularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-22
elucidation: Magnitude of the wave vector.

JosephsonConstant
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant
elucidation: Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.

PureNumberQuantity
type: Class
comment: According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.
elucidation: A pure number, typically the number of something.
example: 1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

IntentionalProcess
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Project
elucidation: A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: IntentionalProcess
etymology: From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out")

MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
type: Class
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-29
elucidation: Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.

Redundant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: NonMaximal
elucidation: A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type.
example: An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.

Pressing
type: Class
comment: A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
alternative label: Anpressen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
see also: DIN 8593-3:2003-09

MercuryAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 200.592
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 80
elucidation: Atom subclass for mercury.

Substance
type: Class
elucidation: A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space).

VolumePerAmountTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0

ThalliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 204.38
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 81
elucidation: Atom subclass for thallium.

AngularVelocity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-12
elucidation: Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity

CatalyticActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity
elucidation: Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881

ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

CopperSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cu

CyclotronAngularFrequency
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211
ISO80000Reference: 10-16
elucidation: Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.

RelativeVolumeStrain
type: Class
alternative label: BulkStrain
alternative label: VolumeStrain
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-17.4
elucidation: Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648

SquareTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0

Meson
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
comment: Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson

StandardChemicalPotential
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468
ISO80000Reference: 9-21
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908

MechanicalQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.

DiscreteData
type: Class
elucidation: Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
example: A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
comment: A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.

Letter
type: Class

PowerAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185
ISO80000Reference: 9-27.3

CondensedFormula
type: Class
example: An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.

Machining
type: Class
alternative label: RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece
elucidation: A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.

SodiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Na

QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0

ZirconiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 91.224
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 40
elucidation: Atom subclass for zirconium.

MigrationLength
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318
ISO80000Reference: 10-73.3
elucidation: Square root of the migration area, M^2.

Manufacturer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.

CeramicSintering
type: Class

MassStoppingPowerUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Organisation
type: Class
see also: ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives
elucidation: An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.

Axiom
annotated property: seeAlso
annotated target: ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives

RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
type: Class
comment: For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.

IodineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: I

RoentgeniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rg

ExposureRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-89
elucidation: Time derivative of exposure.

IntentionalAgent
type: Class
elucidation: An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
comment: Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.

TotalCurrentDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-20
elucidation: Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.

TelluriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 127.6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 52
elucidation: Atom subclass for tellurium.

NobeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: No

Diameter
type: Class
comment: The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.5
elucidation: maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter

Drilling
type: Class
comment: machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
alternative label: Bohren

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
see also: DIN 8589-2:2003-09

Activity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-27
elucidation: Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
iupacReference: https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114

StandardModelParticle
type: Class
alternative label: ElementaryParticle
elucidation: The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model.
comment: Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters.
comment: Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions.
comment: This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: ElementaryParticle
etymology: From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).

CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.

LossAngle
type: Class
qudtReference: https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-55
elucidation: Arctan of the loss factor

LinearEnergyTransfer
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-85
elucidation: Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550

FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
type: Class

FractionUnit
type: Class
comment: Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure
alternative label: RatioUnit
elucidation: Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.

Magnetizing
type: Class

AntimonyAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 121.76
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 51
elucidation: Atom subclass for antimony.

InternalConversionFactor
type: Class
alternative label: InternalConversionCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-35
elucidation: Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.

LossFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728
ISO80000Reference: 6-54
elucidation: Inverse of the quality factor.

MassieuFunction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-22
elucidation: Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.

FranciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Fr

ResourceIdentifier
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.

Tortuosity
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683
elucidation: Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.

SolidGasSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.

PromethiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pm

OrdinalQuantity
type: Class
comment: "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
elucidation: "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
example: Hardness Resilience
VIMTerm: ordinal quantity

Irradiate
type: Class

HardeningByDrawing
type: Class

LaserCutting
type: Class

AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

Visual
type: Class
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
example: A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.

CausalStructure
type: Class
alternative label: CausalObject
conceptualisation: The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
definition: The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes.
elucidation: A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities.
comment: A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: CausalObject
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalStructure
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”).

CeramicMaterial
type: Class

DisplacementVector
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558
ISO80000Reference: 12-7.3
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.

HardeningByForging
type: Class

PrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
elucidation: A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.

NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226
ISO80000Reference: 10-18
elucidation: z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).

CouplingFactor
type: Class
alternative label: InductiveCouplingFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-42.1

FunctionalIcon
type: Class
comment: This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else.
elucidation: An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
example: A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics).
example: A guinea pig.
comment: An icon that focusing WHAT the object does.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: FunctionalIcon
etymology: From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”).

Dismantling
type: Class
alternative label: Demontage
comment: action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage

Axiom
annotated target: action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage
see also: DIN EN 9110:2018-08

TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

Graphical
type: Class
comment: This concept includes only things that are purposely created by an agent.
elucidation: A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration is due to an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
example: 'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ...

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Graphical
comment: The term graphical is used in etymological sense, comprising both writings and visual arts.
etymology: From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve.

AstatineSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: At

Soldering
type: Class
comment: Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
alternative label: Löten

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
see also: DIN 55405:2014-12

ComplexPower
type: Class
alternative label: ComplexApparentPower
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-59
elucidation: Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.

Sawing
type: Class
comment: Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
alternative label: Sägen
elucidation: Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
see also: DIN 8589-6:2003-09

Join
type: Class
elucidation: A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.

Calendering
type: Class

RubidiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 85.4678
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 37
elucidation: Atom subclass for rubidium.

BlueAntiQuark
type: Class

PowerUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

CommandLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
example: Unix shell. Batch programming languages.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language

Spin
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-10
elucidation: Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.

ModulusOfRigidity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ShearModulus
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-19.2
elucidation: Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635

VolumicCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MacroscopicCrossSection
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520
ISO80000Reference: 10-42.1
elucidation: In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674

CuriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cm

Declared
type: Class
elucidation: A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention.

ElectricCurrent
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent
ISO80000Reference: 6-1
elucidation: A flow of electric charge.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927

Extrusion
type: Class

EnergyFluence
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-46
elucidation: In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.

HafniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hf

ProcedureUnit
type: Class
alternative label: MeasurementProcedure
elucidation: A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
example: Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)
comment: Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint.

ThermalCutting
type: Class
alternative label: Thermisches Abtragen
comment: Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN

Axiom
annotated target: Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN
see also: DIN 65099-4:1989-11

ReciprocalVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

ElectricMobilityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

ThroughTile
type: Class
elucidation: A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.

NickelAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 58.6934
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 28
elucidation: Atom subclass for nickel.

ElectricDipoleMomentUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

PalladiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 106.42
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 46
elucidation: Atom subclass for palladium.

MassFractionOfWater
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-31
elucidation: Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.

ElementaryBoson
type: Class

Yotta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Y
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E24

FastFissionFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493
ISO80000Reference: 10-75
elucidation: In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.

VolumicTotalCrossSection
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548
ISO80000Reference: 10-42.2
elucidation: Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms

ForceAreaUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-29
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025

ChemicalSpecies
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: Following nominalistic approach a species is simply a name that can point to an element name, a chemical formula or a chemical compound. So everything addressed by these classes of names can be calleded a chemical species.
comment: N2 Methane CH4 Fe Sodium Chloride
elucidation: Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.CT06859

DimensionalUnit
type: Class
elucidation: A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
comment: The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units).

DataProcessingApplication
type: Class

ElectronCharge
type: Class
comment: The negative of ElementaryCharge.
definition: The charge of an electron.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982

AntiQuark
type: Class

MultiplicationFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471
ISO80000Reference: 10-78.1
elucidation: Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.

Document
type: Class
elucidation: An heterogenous object made of different graphical object parts.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Document
etymology: From Latin documentum, from the verb doceō (“teach”) +‎ -mentum.

Length
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.1
elucidation: Extend of a spatial dimension.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498

GFactor
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266
elucidation: Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.

SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

MolarEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876
ISO80000Reference: 9-8
elucidation: Entropy per amount of substance.

LengthFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.
example: Unit for plane angle.

ElectricConductivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity.
alternative label: Conductivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291
ISO80000Reference: 6-43
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245

CatalyticActivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

RutherfordiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rf

AreaTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

Constituent
type: Class
alternative label: ObjectPart
elucidation: An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object.
example: A tire is a constituent of a car.

MoscoviumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mc

TelluriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Te

RedQuark
type: Class

SeleniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Se

QualityFactor
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-82
elucidation: Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.

ThermalResistanceUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

OganessonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 294.214
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 118
elucidation: Atom subclass for oganesson.

ModelledProperty
type: Class
elucidation: A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.

LengthTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0

DrawForms
type: Class

RadonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rn

StandaloneModelSimulation
type: Class
elucidation: A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.

RedDownQuark
type: Class

Stress
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Force per unit oriented surface area .
comment: Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress
ISO80000Reference: 4-15

Parameter
type: Class
comment: A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation.
example: Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation

RelativeMassDefect
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718
ISO80000Reference: 10-22.2
elucidation: Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.

InversePermittivityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

CASRN
type: Class
elucidation: Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
example: Water is 7732-18-5

BerkeliumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 247.07031
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 97
elucidation: Atom subclass for berkelium.

Exposure
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-88
elucidation: Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.

ElectronType
type: Class

PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
type: Class

Lepton
type: Class
elucidation: An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton

ChemicalSymbol
type: Class
equivalent class: Class

MaximumBetaParticleEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038
ISO80000Reference: 10-33
elucidation: Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.

StandardAbsoluteActivity
type: Class
alternative label: StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936
ISO80000Reference: 9-26
elucidation: Property of a solute in a solution.

BottomQuark
type: Class
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark

Riveting
type: Class

NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075
ISO80000Reference: 10-74.2
elucidation: Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.

SIMetricPrefixedUnit
type: Class
comment: The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system.
elucidation: A SI base or special unit with a metric prefix.

ForcePerLengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

KermaRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-86.2
elucidation: Time derivative of kerma.

JunctionTile
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.

Curvature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature
ISO80000Reference: 3-2
elucidation: Inverse of the radius of curvature.

GasSolidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.
example: Dust, sand storm.

Time
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read".
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time
definition: One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
ISO80000Reference: 3-7
elucidation: The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375

ComptonWavelength
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377
ISO80000Reference: 10-20
elucidation: Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength

Assignment
type: Class
elucidation: A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.
example: The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge.

ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0

AmountConcentration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
alternative label: Concentration
alternative label: MolarConcentration
alternative label: Molarity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295

GreenDownQuark
type: Class

ElectricCurrentUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

Cutting
type: Class
comment: Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
alternative label: Schneiden

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
see also: DIN 8588:2013-08

BariumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ba

AssemblyLine
type: Class
comment: Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed.
elucidation: A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.

MeanLinearRange
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589
ISO80000Reference: 10-56
elucidation: Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782

LiquidFoam
type: Class
elucidation: A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.

FiberboardManufacturing
type: Class

LinearMassDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: LinearDensity
alternative label: LineicMass
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-6
elucidation: Mass per length.

FormingFromLiquid
type: Class

InChI
type: Class
elucidation: The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.

RadialDistance
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.9
elucidation: Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.

Icon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.
comment: In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]
alternative label: Model
alternative label: Simulacrum
elucidation: A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
example: A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
example: An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity.

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Model
etymology: From Latin modus (“measure”).

Axiom
annotated property: altLabel
annotated target: Simulacrum
etymology: From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance")

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Icon
etymology: From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).

Sphere
type: Class

Peta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: P
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E15

PotassiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 39.0983
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 19
elucidation: Atom subclass for potassium.

FineStructureConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389

ThermalResistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-12
elucidation: Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.

ReactivePower
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-60
elucidation: Imaginary part of the complex power.

Wavenumber
type: Class
comment: The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber
ISO80000Reference: 3-18
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664

CanonicalPartitionFunction
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389
ISO80000Reference: 9-35.2

ConventionalProperty
type: Class
comment: A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption.
elucidation: A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
example: The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.

Language
type: Class
elucidation: A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Language
etymology: From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”).

Status
type: Class
alternative label: State
elucidation: An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
example: A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing.

IonTransportNumber
type: Class
alternative label: CurrentFraction
alternative label: TransferrenceNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854
ISO80000Reference: 9-46
elucidation: Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489

BurgersVector
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093
ISO80000Reference: 12-6
elucidation: Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.

NewtonianConstantOfGravity
type: Class
comment: Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695

RedUpAntiQuark
type: Class

ZettaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E21
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).

Quetta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Q
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E30

Assigned
type: Class

HeatTreatment
type: Class
alternative label: wärmebehandeln
comment: Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.

Axiom
annotated target: Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.
see also: DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12

FundamentalMatterParticle
type: Class

ThermodynamicalQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.

SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0

IonAtom
type: Class
comment: The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,
elucidation: A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.

BaseUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
VIMTerm: base unit

URN
type: Class
elucidation: The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.

Axiom
annotated target: The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.

NaturalLaw
type: Class
elucidation: A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.

NeutrinoType
type: Class
elucidation: An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

TantalumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 180.94788
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 73
elucidation: Atom subclass for tantalum.

Peening
type: Class
alternative label: ShotPeening
alternative label: Verfestigungsstrahlen
comment: (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)

Axiom
annotated target: (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)
see also: DIN 65099-7:1989-11

GrueneisenParamter
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656
ISO80000Reference: 12-14
elucidation: Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.

Cementing
type: Class

ChargeNumber
type: Class
comment: The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−.
comment: The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero.
alternative label: IonizationNumber
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number
ISO80000Reference: 10-5.2
elucidation: For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993

Determined
type: Class

MassNumber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: AtomicMassNumber
alternative label: NucleonNumber
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber
definition: Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.

GreenQuark
type: Class

BlueQuark
type: Class

Gustatory
type: Class

NuclearRadius
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676
ISO80000Reference: 10-19.1
elucidation: Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,

ObjectiveProperty
type: Class
comment: Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling).
alternative label: PhysicalProperty
alternative label: QuantitativeProperty
elucidation: A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
comment: The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.

WorkpieceForming
type: Class
comment: A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
alternative label: ArchetypeForming
alternative label: PrimitiveForming

UpAntiQuarkType
type: Class

AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042
ISO80000Reference: 10-60
elucidation: Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.

MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

RhodiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rh

IterativeWorkflow
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type.

VacuumMagneticPermeability
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
comment: The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
alternative label: PermeabilityOfVacuum
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum
ISO80000Reference: 6-26.1

TauAntiNeutrino
type: Class

TotalAngularMomentum
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506
ISO80000Reference: 10-11
elucidation: Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.

SodiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 22.98976928
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 11
elucidation: Atom subclass for sodium.

EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0

Neutron
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 2
elucidation: An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
type: Class
comment: The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat.
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.

ChemicalSubstance
type: Class
comment: A substance is always composed of more than one molecular entity. It lays in the continuum or mesoscopic domain.
elucidation: Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01039

PeltierCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003
ISO80000Reference: 12-22
elucidation: Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.

RotationalDisplacement
type: Class
alternative label: AngularDisplacement
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038
ISO80000Reference: 3-6
elucidation: Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement

HolmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ho

Homonuclear
type: Class
alternative label: ElementalMolecule
elucidation: A molecule composed of only one element type.
example: Hydrogen molecule (H₂).

Persistence
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): - object (focus on spatial configuration) - process (focus on temporal evolution) The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). The distinction between endurant and perdurant a…
elucidation: The union of the object or process classes.

Deca
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: da
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10.0
alternative label: Deka

Wavenumber
type: Class
alternative label: Repetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber
ISO80000Reference: 3-20
elucidation: Reciprocal of the wavelength.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664

GasLiquidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.
example: Rain, spray.

Permeance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-40
elucidation: Inverse of the reluctance.

Olfactory
type: Class

SpatioTemporalTessellation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: WellFormedTessellation
elucidation: A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.

UTF8
type: Class

ElectricResistivity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Electric field strength divided by the current density.
alternative label: Resistivity
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-44
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316

SpecificGibbsEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.5
elucidation: Gibbs energy per unit mass.

NanoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).

BlueBottomQuark
type: Class

DysprosiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 162.5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 66
elucidation: Atom subclass for dysprosium.

CentrifugalCasting
type: Class

GluonType6
type: Class

SpecificEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: GravimetricEnergyDensity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.1
elucidation: Energy per unit mass
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy
newareLabel: CmpEng(mWh/g)

FlameCutting
type: Class

PlasmaCutting
type: Class

ChemicalCompound
type: Class
elucidation: A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound

LuminousFlux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux
ISO80000Reference: 7-13
elucidation: Perceived power of light.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646

ExtentOfReaction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046
ISO80000Reference: 9-31
elucidation: Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283

MassFluxUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

GibbsEnergy
type: Class
alternative label: GibbsFreeEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-20.5
elucidation: Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629

Acceleration
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration
ISO80000Reference: 3-9.1
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051

HafniumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 178.49
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 72
elucidation: Atom subclass for hafnium.

ThermodynamicEfficiency
type: Class
alternative label: ThermalEfficiency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104
ISO80000Reference: 5-25.1

TerbiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 158.92535
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 65
elucidation: Atom subclass for terbium.

Dust
type: Class
elucidation: A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.

IlluminanceTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1

RadiantFlux
type: Class
comment: The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046

AngularWaveNumber
type: Class
alternative label: AngularRepetency
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089
ISO80000Reference: 12-9.1
elucidation: In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant.

MolybdenumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Mo

Width
type: Class
comment: The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness.
alternative label: Breadth
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.2
elucidation: Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.

SizeDefinedMaterial
type: Class

AmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

MaterialRelation
type: Class
comment: A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities.
elucidation: An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
example: The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.

SectionAreaIntegralUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Equation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables.
elucidation: The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
example: 2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y

WPositiveBoson
type: Class

PlatinumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pt

MagneticSusceptibility
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-28
elucidation: Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.

OganessonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Og

ExchangeIntegral
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959
ISO80000Reference: 12-34
elucidation: constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions

ElectricChargePerAmountUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0

GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron
type: Class
alternative label: GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron
alternative label: MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076
ISO80000Reference: 10-12.2
elucidation: Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.

ElectronRadius
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581
ISO80000Reference: 10-19.2
elucidation: Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.

MagneticFieldStrengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0

ElectrolyticConductivity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-44
bpxKey: ['Parameterisation','Electrolyte','Conductivity [S.m-1]']
cidemodKey: ['electrolyte','ionic_conductivity','value']

ShortRangeOrderParameter
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979
ISO80000Reference: 12-5.1
elucidation: fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction

MagnetomotiveForce
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.3
elucidation: Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.

ComputerSystem
type: Class
alternative label: Computer
elucidation: Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

YottaPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E24
qudtReference: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).

CausalSystem
type: Class
conceptualisation: A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type).
elucidation: A non-path causal structure
example: A electron binded by a nucleus.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: CausalSystem
etymology: From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).

DownAntiQuark
type: Class

SpeedFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.
example: Unit for refractive index.

SolidAngle
type: Class
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle
ISO80000Reference: 3-6
elucidation: Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732

Hypothesis
type: Class
elucidation: A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.

ParticleNumberDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569
ISO80000Reference: 10-62.1
elucidation: Mean number of particles per volume.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262

SilverSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ag

ThermalDiffusionRatio
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433
ISO80000Reference: 9-40.1

MendeleviumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 258.09843
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 101
elucidation: Atom subclass for mendelevium.

SpecificInternalEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367
ISO80000Reference: 5-21.2
elucidation: Internal energy per unit mass.

ElectricResistance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'.
alternative label: Resistance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358
ISO80000Reference: 6-46
elucidation: Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936

SIAccepted
type: Class

ArchetypeManufacturing
type: Class
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: PrimitiveForming
alternative label: Urformen @de
elucidation: A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.

AmountConcentrationUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0

DiffusionArea
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292
ISO80000Reference: 10-72.2
elucidation: One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.

NeptuniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Np

Path
type: Class
elucidation: A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
example: /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)

Axiom
annotated target: A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention

Kerma
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-86.1
elucidation: Kinetic energy released per mass.

Atto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: a
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18

PhysicsBasedSimulation
type: Class
is defined by: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
elucidation: A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.

Axiom
annotated property: isDefinedBy
annotated target: CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”

MolarMass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623
ISO80000Reference: 9-4
elucidation: Mass per amount of substance.

TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
type: Class

ReactionEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745
ISO80000Reference: 10-37.1
elucidation: In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.

Naming
type: Class
elucidation: A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.
example: A unique id attached to an entity.

LiquidSolidSuspension
type: Class
elucidation: A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.
example: Mud

ThoriumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Th

SISpecialUnit
type: Class
disjoint union of: Becquerel
disjoint union of: Coulomb
disjoint union of: DegreeCelsius
disjoint union of: Farad
disjoint union of: Gray
disjoint union of: Henry
disjoint union of: Hertz
disjoint union of: Joule
disjoint union of: Katal
disjoint union of: Lumen
disjoint union of: Lux
disjoint union of: Newton
disjoint union of: Ohm
disjoint union of: Pascal
disjoint union of: Radian
disjoint union of: Siemens
disjoint union of: Sievert
disjoint union of: Steradian
disjoint union of: Tesla
disjoint union of: Volt
disjoint union of: Watt
disjoint union of: Weber
elucidation: The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
comment: These units are SI coherent by definition.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Derived_units

TransformationLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
elucidation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language
example: Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML

RollingResistanceFactor
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044
ISO80000Reference: 4-23.3
elucidation: Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.

Observer
type: Class
elucidation: A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.

MutualInductance
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-41.2
elucidation: Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076

Molality
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: AmountPerMass
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-15
elucidation: quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970

Item
type: Class
conceptualisation: A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
definition: The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes.
elucidation: The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Item
etymology: From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".

Graviton
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles.
comment: While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

VonKlitzingConstant
type: Class
comment: Resistance quantum.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant
definition: The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.

Atom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ChemicalElement
elucidation: A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
comment: An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons.

Representation
type: Class
elucidation: A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, tempral or spatial structure of another object.

MergingManufacturing
type: Class
alternative label: AddingManufacturing

TauNeutrino
type: Class
elucidation: A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino

GluonType3
type: Class

LinearAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-49
elucidation: In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.

ElectricFieldStrengthUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

LightAndRadiationQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.

Mixture
type: Class
elucidation: A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.

LinkedModelsSimulation
type: Class
elucidation: A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.

ManufacturedMaterial
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
alternative label: EngineeredMaterial
alternative label: ProcessedMaterial
elucidation: A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.

SurfaceMassDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: AreicMass
alternative label: SurfaceDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-5
elucidation: at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167

MagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0

MomentumUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

Gluing
type: Class
comment: Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
alternative label: Kleben

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
see also: DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12

ChemicalRepresentation
type: Class
elucidation: A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.

ReciprocalLength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: InverseLength
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength
elucidation: The inverse of length.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length

DeepDrawing
type: Class
comment: Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
alternative label: Tiefziehen

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
see also: DIN EN 13831:2007-12

Attenuation
type: Class
alternative label: Extinction
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.1
elucidation: Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515

ClassicalData
type: Class
elucidation: Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.

Mass
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass
ISO80000Reference: 4-1
elucidation: Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709

BismuthSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Bi

ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0

EndTile
type: Class

AntiNeutrinoType
type: Class

Tessellation
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: Tiling
conceptualisation: A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
elucidation: A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts.

Axiom
annotated target: A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation

DensityOfHeatFlowRate
type: Class
comment: At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures.
alternative label: AreicHeatFlowRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-8
elucidation: Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755

MolarEnthalpy
type: Class
wikidataReference: Enthalpy per amount of substance.
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977
ISO80000Reference: 9-6.2

TotalCrossSection
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553
ISO80000Reference: 10-38.2
elucidation: Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.

ElectricSusceptibility
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-16
elucidation: Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility

NumberOfTurnsInAWinding
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997
ISO80000Reference: 6-38

HassiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hs

ModulusOfImpedance
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-51.4

Computation
type: Class
elucidation: A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
example: A matematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: Computation
etymology: From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”).

VanadiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 50.9415
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 23
elucidation: Atom subclass for vanadium.

SpatiallyFundamental
type: Class
elucidation: The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole).

SparkPlasmaSintering
type: Class

NeelTemperature
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-35.2
elucidation: Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.

IonizationEnergy
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 12-24.2
elucidation: Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199

NiobiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Nb

CrystallineMaterial
type: Class
comment: Suggestion of Rickard Armiento

AmericiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Am

AntiMatter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    all values from: Restriction
elucidation: Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
comment: This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities.

SpecificEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705
ISO80000Reference: 5-19

NumberOfElements
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level.
elucidation: Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.

MaterialLaw
type: Class
elucidation: A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.

Volume
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Extent of an object in space.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume
ISO80000Reference: 3-4

SpecificGasConstant
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268
ISO80000Reference: 5-26

GravityCasting
type: Class

LawrenciumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Lr

Assigner
type: Class
elucidation: A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.
example: I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H.

SquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

SIExactConstant
type: Class
elucidation: Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.

LivermoriumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 293.204
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 116
elucidation: Atom subclass for livermorium.

MeasuringInstrument
type: Class
comment: A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system.
elucidation: Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
VIMTerm: measuring instrument

BlueUpQuark
type: Class

StrangeAntiQuark
type: Class

InternationalSystemOfQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities

Angle
type: Class
alternative label: PlaneAngle
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle
definition: Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
ISO80000Reference: 3-5
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346

ShellScript
type: Class
elucidation: A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script

AngularFrequency
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency
ISO80000Reference: 3-18
elucidation: Rate of change of the phase angle.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352

DegreeOfDissociation
type: Class
comment: Dissociation may occur stepwise.
alternative label: DissociationFraction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 9-43
elucidation: ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566

ZincAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 65.38
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 30
elucidation: Atom subclass for zinc.

SquareTimePerMassUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

ElectricFieldStrength
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-10
elucidation: Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.

Planing
type: Class
comment: Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
alternative label: Hobeln

Axiom
annotated property: comment
annotated target: Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
see also: DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03

YoctoPrefixedUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-24
elucidation: Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).

EnergyUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

QuantityValue
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
comment: Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'.
elucidation: A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
example: 6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)
VIMTerm: quantity value
comment: A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.

MolarEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512
elucidation: Energy per amount of substance.

CompositeMaterial
type: Class

ConstitutiveProcess
type: Class
elucidation: A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object.
example: Blood circulation in a human body.
comment: A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.

MathematicalOperator
type: Class
elucidation: A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.
example: The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number.
example: The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function.

TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0

Component
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A constituent of a system.

AmountFractionUnit
type: Class
elucidation: Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.
example: Unit for amount fraction.

CaesiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cs

MathematicalModel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
comment: A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968
elucidation: An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.

TemporalTiling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.

Nucleus
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.

ScriptingLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.

EnergyFluenceRate
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655
ISO80000Reference: 10-47
elucidation: In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.

Hyperon
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Class
elucidation: A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
comment: This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon

TensorMeson
type: Class
elucidation: A meson with spin two.

DifferentialOperator
type: Class

FormingFromPowder
type: Class

Integer
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  some values from: integer
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: integer
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: integer
elucidation: An integer number.

ZBoson
type: Class
alternative label: NeutralWeakBoson
elucidation: An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction.
comment: Z bosons are their own antiparticles.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

AmericiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 243.06138
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 95
elucidation: Atom subclass for americium.

CoperniciumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 285.177
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 112
elucidation: Atom subclass for copernicium.

Network
type: Class
elucidation: A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.

Modeller
type: Class
elucidation: A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).

ActivityDensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: ActivityConcentration
alternative label: VolumetricActivity
alternative label: VolumicActivity
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-29
elucidation: Activity per unit volume of the sample.

RubidiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Rb

HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs
type: Class
elucidation: The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.

Expression
type: Class
elucidation: A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.

PropagationCoefficient
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.3
elucidation: Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.

FundamentalBoson
type: Class
conceptualisation: A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
elucidation: A boson that is a single elementary particle.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons

Axiom
annotated property: prefLabel
annotated target: FundamentalBoson
etymology: 1940s: named after S.N. Bose.

BeginTile
type: Class

GroupVelocity
type: Class
alternative label: GroupSpeed
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity
ISO80000Reference: 3-23.2
elucidation: Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity

PermeabilityUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0

MaterialSynthesis
type: Class
elucidation: The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
comment: Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.

RatioQuantity
type: Class
comment: Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio
elucidation: The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.
example: refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant

HeliumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: He

OsmiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Os

LatentHeat
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721
ISO80000Reference: 5-6.2

PolymericMaterial
type: Class

SpecificationLanguage
type: Class
elucidation: A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
example: ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ...
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language

XenonSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Xe

Ronto
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: r
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-27

TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation
type: Class
elucidation: A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.
example: Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density.

NuclearMagneton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093
ISO80000Reference: 10-9.3
elucidation: Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236

SlowingDownLength
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963
ISO80000Reference: 10-73.1
elucidation: Square root of the slowing down area.

GreenCharmAntiQuark
type: Class

Zetta
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Z
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-21

ScandiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 44.955908
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 21
elucidation: Atom subclass for scandium.

Action
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 4-32
elucidation: Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.

Susceptance
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-52.3
elucidation: imaginary part of the admittance

UpQuarkType
type: Class

AluminiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Al

MaterialTreatment
type: Class
comment: esce workpiece
see also: DIN 8580:2020
alternative label: Stoffeigenschaft ändern
alternative label: WorkPieceTreatment
elucidation: The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
comment: Has shaped bodies as input and output.
comment: Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.

Axiom
annotated target: Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.
see also: DIN 8580:2022-12

FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece
type: Class

NonTemporalRole
type: Class
alternative label: HolisticSpatialPart
elucidation: An holistic spatial part of a whole.

MagneticTension
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-37.2
elucidation: Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.

PressurePerTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

MassAttenuationCoefficient
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 10-50
elucidation: Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.

HolmiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 164.93033
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 67
elucidation: Atom subclass for holmium.

LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355
ISO80000Reference: 12-36.2
elucidation: For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.

GaugeBoson
type: Class
elucidation: A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier.
comment: All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons.
comment: Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson

RadonAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 222.01758
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 86
elucidation: Atom subclass for radon.

PhysicalyUnbonded
type: Class

YtterbiumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Yb

FermiTemperature
type: Class
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324
ISO80000Reference: 12-28
elucidation: in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant

KineticFrictionForce
type: Class
alternative label: DynamicFrictionForce
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629
ISO80000Reference: 4-9.4
elucidation: Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.

ThermalConductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 5-13
elucidation: Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298

Unknown
type: Class
elucidation: The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
example: Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.

RadiusOfCurvature
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature
ISO80000Reference: 3-1.12
elucidation: Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature

SIUnit
type: Class
comment: The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes.
comment: The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
elucidation: The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.

ThermoelectricVoltage
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637
ISO80000Reference: 12-20
elucidation: Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.

DownQuarkType
type: Class

PhaseCoefficient
type: Class
alternative label: PhaseChangeCoefficient
qudtReference: https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 3-26.2
elucidation: Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
comment: The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant

CaliforniumSymbol
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Cf

ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620
ISO80000Reference: 12-13

FluorineAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 18.998403163
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 9
elucidation: Atom subclass for fluorine.

MagnesiumAtom
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 24.305
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 12
elucidation: Atom subclass for magnesium.

ElectricConductance
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'.
alternative label: Conductance
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
ISO80000Reference: 6-47
elucidation: Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925

SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  has value: T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0

BoltzmannConstant
type: Class
comment: The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant
elucidation: A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695

GreenAntiQuark
type: Class

MathematicalConstruct
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
subclass of: Restriction

ElectronVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: eV
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
uneceCommonCode: A53
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV
ucumCode: eV
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Electronvolt
definition: The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
elucidation: An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_volt
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02014

ElectronVoltPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Electron Volt per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV-PER-K
ucumCode: eV.K-1
ucumCode: eV/K
unitSymbol: ev/K
elucidation: `Electron Volt per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Heat Capacity' expressed as eV/K. -- QUDT

ElectronVoltPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Electron Volt per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV-PER-T
ucumCode: eV.T-1
ucumCode: eV/T
unitSymbol: eV/T
elucidation: "Electron Volt per Tesla" is a unit for 'Magnetic Dipole Moment' expressed as eV T⁻¹. -- QUDT

ElectronVoltSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Electron Volt Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV-SEC
ucumCode: eV.s
unitSymbol: eV⋅s
elucidation: "Electron Volt Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as eV s. -- QUDT

ElectronvoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.602177E-19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Electronvolt Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/EV-PER-M
ucumCode: eV.m-1
ucumCode: eV/m
unitSymbol: eV/m
elucidation: unit electronvolt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

Farad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: F
comment: Measurement unit for electric capacitance.
uneceCommonCode: FAR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD
ucumCode: F
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Farad
comment: The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farad
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02320

FaradPerKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Farad Per Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD-PER-KiloM
ucumCode: F.km-1
ucumCode: F/km
unitSymbol: F/km
elucidation: SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

FaradPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Farad per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FARAD-PER-M
ucumCode: F.m-1
ucumCode: F/m
unitSymbol: F/m
elucidation: Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

Fraction
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/FRACTION
unitSymbol: ÷
elucidation: Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT

GramDegreeCelsius
type: Class
alternative label: Gram Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-DEG_C
ucumCode: d.Cel-1
unitSymbol: g/°C
elucidation: `Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT

GramPerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-8
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gram Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-DAY
ucumCode: g.d-1
unitSymbol: g/day
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit day -- QUDT

GramPerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-7
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gram Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-HR
ucumCode: g.h-1
unitSymbol: g/hr
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit hour -- QUDT

GramPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gram Per Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-L
ucumCode: g.L-1
unitSymbol: g/L
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT

GramPerMilliLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gram Per Millilitre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-MilliL
ucumCode: g.mL-1
unitSymbol: g/mL
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT

GramPerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.666667E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gram Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-MIN
ucumCode: g.min-1
unitSymbol: g/min
elucidation: 0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit minute -- QUDT

GramPerSquareMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-8
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: grams per square metre per day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GM-PER-M2-DAY
ucumCode: g.m-2.d-1
unitSymbol: g/(m²⋅day)
elucidation: A metric unit of volume over time indicating the amount generated across one square meter over a day. -- QUDT

Gray
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Gy
uneceCommonCode: A95
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY
ucumCode: Gy
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Grey
elucidation: SI unit for absorbed dose.
comment: The SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey?oldid=494774160
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02696

GrayPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Gray per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/GRAY-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Gy.s-1
unitSymbol: Gy/s
elucidation: "Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT

Hectare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: ha
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: HAR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HA
ucumCode: har
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Hectare
definition: A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
elucidation: The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare

Henry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: H
uneceCommonCode: 81
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H
ucumCode: H
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry
elucidation: SI unit for electrical inductance.
comment: H = Wb/A = V·s/A = Ω·s
comment: The SI unit of electric inductance. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a loop of wire (or in a coil of many loops) located in the field. Although the induced voltage depends only on the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, measured in webers per second, the amount of the current depends also on the physical properties of the coil. A coil with an inductance of one henry requires a flux of one weber for each ampere of induced current. If, on the other hand, it is the current which changes, then the induced field will generate a potential difference within the coil: if the inductance is one henry a current change of one ampere per second generates a potential difference of one volt. The henry is a large unit; inductances in practical circuits are measured in millihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (μH). The unit is named for the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797-1878), one of several scientists who discovered independently how magnetic fields can be used to generate alternating currents. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02782

HenryPerKiloOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Henry Per Kiloohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-KiloOHM
ucumCode: H.kOhm-1
unitSymbol: H/kΩ
elucidation: SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

HenryPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Henry per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-M
ucumCode: H.m-1
unitSymbol: H/m
elucidation: The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry

HenryPerOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Henry Per Ohm
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/H-PER-OHM
ucumCode: H.Ohm-1
unitSymbol: H/Ω
elucidation: SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

Hertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Hz
uneceCommonCode: HTZ
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ
ucumCode: Hz
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hertz
elucidation: SI unit for frequence.
comment: The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones. The word "hertz" is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02785

HertzMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Hertz Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-M
ucumCode: Hz.m
unitSymbol: Hz⋅M
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

HertzPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Hertz per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-K
ucumCode: Hz.K-1
unitSymbol: Hz/K
elucidation: `Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT

HertzPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Hertz per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-T
ucumCode: Hz.T-1
unitSymbol: Hz/T
elucidation: "Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT

HertzPerVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Hertz per Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HZ-PER-V
ucumCode: Hz.V-1
unitSymbol: Hz/V
elucidation: In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT

Hour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: h
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: HUR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/HR
ucumCode: h
definition: Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
elucidation: The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02866

Joule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: J
uneceCommonCode: JOU
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J
ucumCode: J
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joule
elucidation: SI unit for energy.
comment: The SI unit of work or energy, defined to be the work done by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter in the direction in which the force is applied. Equivalently, since kinetic energy is one half the mass times the square of the velocity, one joule is the kinetic energy of a mass of two kilograms moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.J03363

JouleMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.m.mol-1
unitSymbol: J⋅m/mol
elucidation: `Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT

JoulePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M3
ucumCode: J.m-3
ucumCode: J/m3
unitSymbol: J/m³
elucidation: `Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerCubicMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Cubic Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M3-K
ucumCode: J.m-3.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(m³⋅K)
elucidation: `Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT

JoulePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-HR
ucumCode: J.h-1
unitSymbol: J/hr
elucidation: SI derived unit joule divided by the 3600 times the SI base unit second -- QUDT

JoulePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-K
ucumCode: J.K-1
unitSymbol: J/K
elucidation: Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: J.kg-1
ucumCode: J/kg
unitSymbol: J/kg
elucidation: Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogramKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K)
elucidation: Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT

JoulePerKilogramKelvinCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram Kelvin Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K-M3
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K.m-3
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K⋅m³)

JoulePerKilogramKelvinPerPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Kilogram Kelvin per Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-KiloGM-K-PA
ucumCode: J.kg-1.K-1.Pa-1
unitSymbol: J/(kg⋅K⋅Pa)

JoulePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M
ucumCode: J.m-1
ucumCode: J/m
unitSymbol: J/m

JoulePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.mol-1
unitSymbol: J/mol
elucidation: The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT

JoulePerMoleKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Mole Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-MOL-K
ucumCode: J.mol-1.K-1
unitSymbol: J/(mol⋅K)
elucidation: Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT

JoulePerQuarticMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Joule per Quartic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M4
ucumCode: J.m-4
unitSymbol: J/m⁴
elucidation: `Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

JoulePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-SEC
ucumCode: J.s-1
unitSymbol: J/s
elucidation: SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: J.cm-2
unitSymbol: J/cm²
elucidation: derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareCentiMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1157407
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joules per square centimetre per day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-CentiM2-DAY
ucumCode: J.cm-2.d-1
unitSymbol: J/(cm²⋅day)
elucidation: Radiant energy per 10⁻⁴ SI unit area over a period of one day. -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-M2
ucumCode: J.m-2
ucumCode: J/m2
unitSymbol: J/m²
elucidation: Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT

JoulePerSquareTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Square Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-T2
ucumCode: J.T-2
unitSymbol: J/T²
elucidation: A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT

JoulePerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-PER-T
ucumCode: J.T-1
unitSymbol: J/T
elucidation: The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT

JouleSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-SEC
ucumCode: J.s
unitSymbol: J⋅s
elucidation: The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT

JouleSecondPerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Second per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-SEC-PER-MOL
ucumCode: J.s.mol-1
unitSymbol: J⋅s/mol
elucidation: `Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT

JouleSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M2
ucumCode: J.m2
unitSymbol: J⋅m²

JouleSquareMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Joule Square Metre per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/J-M2-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: J.m2.kg-1
unitSymbol: j⋅m²/kg

Katal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: kat
uneceCommonCode: KAT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KAT
ucumCode: kat
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Katal
elucidation: SI unit for catalytic activity.
comment: A unit of catalytic activity used especially in the chemistry of enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that starts or speeds a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within the bodies of living plants and animals. A catalyst has an activity of one katal if it enables a reaction to proceed at the rate of one mole per second. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03372

Kelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: K
uneceCommonCode: KEL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K
ucumCode: K
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kelvin
definition: The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03374

KelvinDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 86400.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-DAY
ucumCode: K.d
unitSymbol: K⋅day

KelvinMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin metres
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M
ucumCode: K.m
unitSymbol: K⋅m

KelvinMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin metres per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.m.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m/s

KelvinMetrePerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin Metre Per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M-PER-W
ucumCode: K.m.W-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m/W
elucidation: product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT

KelvinPascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin Pascals per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PA-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.Pa.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅Pa/s

KelvinPerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-HR
ucumCode: K.h-1
unitSymbol: K/h
elucidation: `Kelvin per Hour` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / h. -- QUDT

KelvinPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-K
ucumCode: K.K-1
unitSymbol: K/K
elucidation: SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

KelvinPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: KelvinPerMeter
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-M
ucumCode: K.m-1
unitSymbol: K/m
elucidation: A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT

KelvinPerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01666667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-MIN
ucumCode: K.min-1
unitSymbol: K/min
elucidation: `Kelvin per Minute` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / m. -- QUDT

KelvinPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K.s-1
ucumCode: K/s
unitSymbol: K/s
elucidation: `Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT

KelvinPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: K.s-2
ucumCode: K/s^2
unitSymbol: K/s²
elucidation: `Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT

KelvinPerTesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Tesla
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-T
ucumCode: K.T-1
unitSymbol: K/T
elucidation: `Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT

KelvinPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-PER-W
ucumCode: K.W-1
ucumCode: K/W
unitSymbol: K/W
elucidation: Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT

KelvinSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-SEC
ucumCode: K.s
unitSymbol: K⋅s

KelvinSquareMetrePerKilogramPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Kelvin square metres per kilogram per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K-M2-PER-KiloGM-SEC
ucumCode: K.m2.kg-1.s-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m²/(kg⋅s)

Kilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: kg
uneceCommonCode: KGM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM
ucumCode: kg
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kilogram
definition: The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogram
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03391

Litre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: L
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Other used symbols for litre are "l" and "ℓ".
alternative label: liter
uneceCommonCode: B51
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L
ucumCode: L
ucumCode: l
definition: A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
elucidation: The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a cursive "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03594

LitrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-8
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-DAY
ucumCode: L.d-1
ucumCode: L/d
unitSymbol: L/day
elucidation: unit litre divided by the unit day -- QUDT

LitrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-7
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-HR
ucumCode: L.h-1
ucumCode: L/h
unitSymbol: L/hr
elucidation: Unit litre divided by the unit hour -- QUDT

LitrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-K
ucumCode: L.K-1
ucumCode: L/K
unitSymbol: L/K
elucidation: unit litre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

LitrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: L.kg-1
ucumCode: L/kg
unitSymbol: L/kg
elucidation: unit of the volume litre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

LitrePerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-L
ucumCode: L.L-1
ucumCode: L/L
unitSymbol: L/L
elucidation: volume ratio consisting of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT

LitrePerMicroMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litres per micromole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-MicroMOL
ucumCode: L.umol-1
unitSymbol: L/µmol
elucidation: The inverse of a molar concentration - the untits of per molarity. -- QUDT

LitrePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.666667E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-MIN
ucumCode: L.min-1
ucumCode: L/min
unitSymbol: L/min
elucidation: unit litre divided by the unit minute -- QUDT

LitrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-MOL
ucumCode: L.mol-1
ucumCode: L/mol
unitSymbol: L/mol
elucidation: unit litre divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

LitrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-SEC
ucumCode: L.s-1
ucumCode: L/s
unitSymbol: L/s
elucidation: unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

LitrePerSecondPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Litre Per Second Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/L-PER-SEC-M2
unitSymbol: L/(m²⋅s)
elucidation: Ventilation rate in Litres per second divided by the floor area -- QUDT

Lumen
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: lm
uneceCommonCode: LUM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM
ucumCode: lm
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lumen
elucidation: SI unit for luminous flux.
comment: The SI unit for measuring the flux of light being produced by a light source or received by a surface. The intensity of a light source is measured in candelas. One lumen represents the total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle in steradians into which the light is emitted. A full sphere has a solid angle of 4·π steradians. A light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd·4π sr = 4π cd·sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. "Lumen" is a Latin word for light. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03639

LumenPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Lumen per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM-PER-W
ucumCode: lm.W-1
unitSymbol: lm/W
elucidation: A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT

LumenSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: lumen second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LM-SEC
ucumCode: lm.s
unitSymbol: lm⋅s
elucidation: In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT

Lux
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: lx
uneceCommonCode: LUX
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX
ucumCode: lx
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lux
elucidation: SI unit for illuminance.
comment: The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau·steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03651

LuxHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Lux Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/LUX-HR
ucumCode: lx.h
unitSymbol: lx⋅hr
elucidation: The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau00b7steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux

MegaAmperePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Megaampere Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaA-PER-M2
ucumCode: MA.m-2
unitSymbol: mol/m²
elucidation: 1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MegaVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MegaV
ucumCode: MV
unitSymbol: mV
elucidation: 1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT

Metre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: m
alternative label: Meter
uneceCommonCode: MTR
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M
ucumCode: m
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Metre
definition: The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03884

MetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-K
ucumCode: m.K
unitSymbol: m⋅K
elucidation: `Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT

MetreKelvinPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre Kelvin per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-K-PER-W
ucumCode: m.K.W-1
unitSymbol: K⋅m/W
elucidation: `Meter Kelvin per Watt` is a unit for 'Thermal Resistivity' expressed as K-m/W. -- QUDT

MetreKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-KiloGM
ucumCode: m.kg
unitSymbol: m⋅kg

MetrePerFarad
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre per Farad
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-FARAD
ucumCode: m.F-1
unitSymbol: m/f

MetrePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-HR
ucumCode: m.h-1
ucumCode: m/h
unitSymbol: m/h
elucidation: Metre per hour is a metric unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (Vector (geometry)). Its symbol is m/h or mu00b7h-1 (not to be confused with the imperial unit symbol mph. By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 m/h for an hour would move 1 metre. -- QUDT

MetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-K
ucumCode: m/K
unitSymbol: m/k

MetrePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01666667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-MIN
ucumCode: m.min-1
ucumCode: m/min
unitSymbol: m/min
elucidation: Meter Per Minute (m/min) is a unit in the category of Velocity. It is also known as meter/minute, meters per minute, metre per minute, metres per minute. Meter Per Minute (m/min) has a dimension of LT-1 where L is length, and T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit m/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.016666666666 -- QUDT

MetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: MTS
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metrePerSecond-Time
ucumCode: m.s-1
unitSymbol: m/s
elucidation: Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT

MetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Metre per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: m.s-2
ucumCode: m/s2
unitSymbol: m/s²
elucidation: The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT

MicroBecquerel
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroBQ
ucumCode: uBq
unitSymbol: μBq
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT

MicroCoulombPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microcoulomb Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroC-PER-M3
ucumCode: uC.m-3
unitSymbol: μC/m³
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MicroCoulombPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microcoulomb Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroC-PER-M2
ucumCode: uC.m-2
unitSymbol: μC/m²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

MicroFaradPerKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microfarad Per Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroFARAD-PER-KiloM
ucumCode: uF.km-1
unitSymbol: μF/km
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroFaradPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microfarad Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroFARAD-PER-M
ucumCode: uF.m-1
unitSymbol: μF/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM
ucumCode: ug
unitSymbol: μg
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

MicroGramPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microgram Per Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroGM-PER-L
ucumCode: ug.L-1
ucumCode: ug/L
unitSymbol: μg/L
elucidation: 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the unit litre -- QUDT

MicroHenryPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microhenry Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroH-PER-M
ucumCode: uH.m-1
unitSymbol: μH/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroL
ucumCode: uL
unitSymbol: μL
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT

MicroLitrePerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microlitre Per Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroL-PER-L
ucumCode: uL.L-1
ucumCode: uL/L
unitSymbol: μL/L
elucidation: volume ratio as 0.000001-fold of the unit litre divided by the unit litre -- QUDT

MicroMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Micrometre Per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM-PER-K
ucumCode: um.K-1
unitSymbol: μm/K
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT

MicroMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroMOL
ucumCode: umol
unitSymbol: μmol
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT

MicroNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroN
ucumCode: uN
unitSymbol: μN
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT

MicroNewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Micronewton Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroN-M
ucumCode: uN.m
unitSymbol: μN⋅m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroOhm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroOHM
ucumCode: uOhm
unitSymbol: μΩ
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT

MicroPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroPA
ucumCode: uPa
unitSymbol: μPa
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT

MicroSiemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS
ucumCode: uS
unitSymbol: μS
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT

MicroSiemensPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microsiemens Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: uS.cm-1
unitSymbol: μS/cm
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroSiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Microsiemens Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroS-PER-M
ucumCode: uS.m-1
unitSymbol: μS/m
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

MicroWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroW
ucumCode: uW
unitSymbol: mW
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT

Minute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: min
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: MIN
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MIN
ucumCode: min
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Minute
definition: Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
elucidation: A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT

MolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: mol.kg-1
ucumCode: mol/kg
unitSymbol: mol/kg
elucidation: Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT

Mole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: mol
uneceCommonCode: C34
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL
ucumCode: mol
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mole_%28unit%29
definition: The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03980

MoleDegreeCelsius
type: Class
alternative label: Mole Degree Celsius
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-DEG_C
ucumCode: mol.Cel
unitSymbol: mol⋅°C
elucidation: `Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT

MoleKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-K
ucumCode: mol.K
unitSymbol: mol⋅K
elucidation: Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT

MolePerCubicDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Per Cubic Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-DeciM3
ucumCode: mol.dm-3
unitSymbol: mol/dm³
elucidation: SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

MolePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M3
ucumCode: mol.m-3
ucumCode: mol/m3
unitSymbol: mol/m³
elucidation: The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT

MolePerCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per cubic metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M3-SEC
ucumCode: mol.m-3.s-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m³⋅s)
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT

MolePerGramPerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.2777778
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per gram per hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-GM-HR
ucumCode: mol.g-1.h-1
unitSymbol: mol/(g⋅hr)
elucidation: SI unit of the quantity of matter per SI unit of mass per unit of time expressed in hour. -- QUDT

MolePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.77778E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-HR
ucumCode: mol.h-1
unitSymbol: mol/hr
elucidation: SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT

MolePerKilogramPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole per Kilogram Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-KiloGM-PA
ucumCode: mol.kg-1.Pa-1
unitSymbol: mol/(kg⋅Pa)
elucidation: Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT

MolePerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Per Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-L
ucumCode: mol.L-1
ucumCode: mol/L
unitSymbol: mol/L
elucidation: SI base unit mol divided by the unit litre -- QUDT

MolePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01666667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-MIN
ucumCode: mol.min-1
unitSymbol: mol/min
elucidation: SI base unit mole divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT

MolePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Mole Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-SEC
ucumCode: mol.s-1
ucumCode: mol/s
unitSymbol: mol/s
elucidation: SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2
ucumCode: mol.m-2
unitSymbol: mol/m²
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetrePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre per day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-DAY
ucumCode: mol.m-2.d-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅day)
elucidation: quantity of matter per unit area per unit of time. -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s)
elucidation: SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre per second per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-M
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.m-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅m)

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-M-SR
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.m-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅m⋅sr)

MolePerSquareMetrePerSecondPerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Moles per square metre per second per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MOL-PER-M2-SEC-SR
ucumCode: mol.m-2.s-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: mol/(m²⋅s⋅sr)

Neper
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Np
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: C50
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NP
ucumCode: Np
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/page/Neper
definition: Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. Wikipedia
elucidation: The neper is a logarithmic unit for ratios of measurements of physical field and power quantities, such as gain and loss of electronic signals. It has the unit symbol Np. The unit's name is derived from the name of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms. As is the case for the decibel and bel, the neper is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but it is accepted for use alongside the SI. Like the decibel, the neper is a unit in a logarithmic scale. While the bel uses the decadic (base-10) logarithm to compute ratios, the neper uses the natural logarithm, based on Euler's number -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neper
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04106

Newton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: N
uneceCommonCode: NEW
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N
ucumCode: N
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Newton
elucidation: SI unit for force.
comment: The "Newton" is the SI unit of force. A force of one newton will accelerate a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second. The newton is named for Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the British mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher. He was the first person to understand clearly the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) expressed by the formula F = m·a. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04135

NewtonCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-CentiM
ucumCode: N.cm
unitSymbol: N⋅cm
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit newton and the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NewtonMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
comment: Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule.
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/newtonMetre
elucidation: "Torque" is the tendency of a force to cause a rotation, is the product of the force and the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force is applied. Torque has the same units as work or energy, but it is a different physical concept. To stress the difference, scientists measure torque in newton meters rather than in joules, the SI unit of work. One newton meter is approximately 0.737562 pound foot. -- QUDT

NewtonMetrePerAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre Per Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-A
ucumCode: N.m.A-1
unitSymbol: N⋅m/A
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

NewtonMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: N.m.kg-1
unitSymbol: N⋅m/kg
elucidation: product of the derived SI unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

NewtonMetrePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton metre per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-M
unitSymbol: N⋅m/m
elucidation: This is the SI unit for the rolling resistance, which is equivalent to drag force in newton -- QUDT

NewtonMetrePerMetrePerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre per Metre per Radians
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-M-RAD
unitSymbol: N⋅m/(m⋅rad)

NewtonMetrePerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton metre per radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-RAD
unitSymbol: N⋅m/rad
elucidation: Newton Meter per Radian is the SI unit for Torsion Constant -- QUDT

NewtonMetrePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-PER-M2
ucumCode: N.m.m-2
unitSymbol: N⋅m/m²
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

NewtonMetreSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-SEC
ucumCode: N.m.s
unitSymbol: N⋅m⋅s
elucidation: The SI derived unit of angular momentum. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_derived_unit

NewtonMetreSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton metre seconds per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-SEC-PER-M
unitSymbol: N⋅m⋅s/m
elucidation: Newton metre seconds measured per metre -- QUDT

NewtonMetreSecondPerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton metre seconds per radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M-SEC-PER-RAD
unitSymbol: N⋅m⋅s/rad
elucidation: Newton metre seconds measured per radian -- QUDT

NewtonPerAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Per Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-A
ucumCode: N.A-1
unitSymbol: N/A
elucidation: SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

NewtonPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: N.cm-1
unitSymbol: N/cm
elucidation: SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NewtonPerCoulomb
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton per Coulomb
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-C
ucumCode: N.C-1
unitSymbol: N/C
elucidation: Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as newtons/coulomb. Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) has a dimension of MLT-3I-1 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit V/m. -- QUDT

NewtonPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newtons per cubic metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-M3
ucumCode: N.m-3
unitSymbol: N/m³

NewtonPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: N.kg-1
unitSymbol: N/kg
elucidation: Gravitational field strength at a point is the gravitational force per unit mass at that point. It is a vector and its S.I. unit is N kg-1. -- QUDT

NewtonPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-M
ucumCode: N.m-1
ucumCode: N/m
unitSymbol: N/m
elucidation: Newton Per Meter (N/m) is a unit in the category of Surface tension. It is also known as newtons per meter, newton per metre, newtons per metre, newton/meter, newton/metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Newton Per Meter (N/m) has a dimension of MT-2 where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

NewtonPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: N.mm-1
unitSymbol: N/mm
elucidation: SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

NewtonPerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton per radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-RAD
unitSymbol: N/rad
elucidation: A one-newton force applied for one angle/torsional torque -- QUDT

NewtonPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: N.cm-2
unitSymbol: N/cm²
elucidation: derived SI unit newton divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT

NewtonPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newtons Per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-M2
ucumCode: N.m-2
unitSymbol: N/m²
elucidation: The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal

NewtonPerSquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Per Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-PER-MilliM2
ucumCode: N.mm-2
unitSymbol: N/mm²
elucidation: SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

NewtonSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-SEC
ucumCode: N.s
unitSymbol: N⋅s
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit second -- QUDT

NewtonSecondPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton second per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-SEC-PER-M3
ucumCode: N.s.m-3
unitSymbol: N⋅s/m³
elucidation: The SI unit of specific acoustic impedance. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound specific impedance is the ratio between the sound pressure and the particle velocity it produces. The specific impedance is 1 N · s · m⁻³ if unit pressure produces unit velocity. -- QUDT

NewtonSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Second per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-SEC-PER-M
ucumCode: N.s.m-1
unitSymbol: N⋅s/m
elucidation: Newton second measured per metre -- QUDT

NewtonSecondPerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton seconds per radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-SEC-PER-RAD
unitSymbol: N⋅s/rad
elucidation: Newton seconds measured per radian -- QUDT

NewtonSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M2
unitSymbol: N⋅m²

NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Metre Squared per Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M2-PER-A
ucumCode: N.m2.A-1
ucumCode: N.m2/A
unitSymbol: N⋅m²/A

NewtonSquareMetrePerSquareKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Newton Square Metre Per Square Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/N-M2-PER-KiloGM2
ucumCode: N.m2.kg-2
unitSymbol: N⋅m²/kg²
elucidation: unit of gravitational constant as product of the derived SI unit newton, the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the power of the SI base unit kilogram with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

Ohm
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Ω
uneceCommonCode: OHM
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM
ucumCode: Ohm
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ohm
elucidation: The SI derived unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
comment: Ω = V/A = H/s
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04280

OhmMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ohm Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM-M
ucumCode: Ohm.m
unitSymbol: Ω⋅m

OhmSquareMetrePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Ohm Square Metre per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/OHM-M2-PER-M
ucumCode: Ohm2.m.m-1
unitSymbol: Ω⋅m²/m

Pascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Pa
uneceCommonCode: PAL
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA
ucumCode: Pa
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pascal
elucidation: SI unit for pressure.
comment: The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04442

PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Cubic Metre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-M3-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Pa.m3.s-1
unitSymbol: Pa⋅m³/s
elucidation: product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

PascalLitrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Litre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-L-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Pa.L.s-1
unitSymbol: Pa⋅L/s
elucidation: product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the unit litre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

PascalMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal metres
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-M
ucumCode: Pa.m
unitSymbol: Pa⋅m

PascalMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal metres per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-M-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Pa.m.s-1
unitSymbol: Pa⋅m/s

PascalMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal metres per square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-M-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: Pa.m.s-2
unitSymbol: Pa⋅m/s²

PascalPerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 2.777778E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-PER-HR
ucumCode: Pa.h-1
unitSymbol: P/hr
elucidation: A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one hour. -- QUDT

PascalPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-PER-K
ucumCode: Pa.K-1
unitSymbol: P/K

PascalPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-PER-M
ucumCode: Pa.m-1
ucumCode: Pa/m
unitSymbol: Pa/m
elucidation: SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

PascalPerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01666667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-PER-MIN
ucumCode: Pa.min-1
unitSymbol: P/min
elucidation: A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one minute. -- QUDT

PascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-PER-SEC
ucumCode: Pa.s-1
ucumCode: Pa/s
unitSymbol: P/s
elucidation: A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one second. -- QUDT

PascalSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-SEC
ucumCode: Pa.s
unitSymbol: Pa⋅s
elucidation: The SI unit of dynamic viscosity, equal to 10 poises or 1000 centipoises. -- QUDT

PascalSecondPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Second Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-SEC-PER-M3
ucumCode: Pa.s.m-3
unitSymbol: Pa⋅s/m³
elucidation: `Pascal Second Per Cubic Meter` (Pa-s/m³) is a unit in the category of Acoustic impedance. It is also known as `pascal-second/cubic meter`. It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

PascalSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Pascal Second Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA-SEC-PER-M
ucumCode: Pa.s.m-1
unitSymbol: Pa⋅s/m
elucidation: Pascal Second Per Meter (Pa-s/m) is a unit in the category of Specific acoustic impedance. It is also known as pascal-second/meter. Pascal Second Per Meter has a dimension of ML²T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2· s. -- QUDT

QuarticCoulombMetrePerCubicEnergy
type: Class
alternative label: Quartic Coulomb Metre per Cubic Energy
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C4-M4-PER-J3
ucumCode: C4.m4.J-3
ucumCode: C4.m4/J3
unitSymbol: C⁴m⁴/J³
elucidation: "Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy" is a unit for 'Quartic Electric Dipole Moment Per Cubic Energy' expressed as C⁴ m⁴ J⁻³. -- QUDT

QuarticMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Quartic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M4
ucumCode: m4
unitSymbol: m⁴
elucidation: A unit associated with area moments of inertia. -- QUDT

QuarticMetrePerSecond
type: Class
alternative label: Metres to the power four per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M4-PER-SEC
ucumCode: m4.s-1
unitSymbol: m⁴/s

QuarticMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Quartic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM4
ucumCode: mm4
unitSymbol: mm⁴
elucidation: 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 4 -- QUDT

QuinticMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Quintic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M5
unitSymbol: m⁵

Radian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: rad
comment: Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle.
uneceCommonCode: C81
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD
ucumCode: rad
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Radian
elucidation: Measure of plane angle.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05036

RadianPerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-PER-HR
ucumCode: rad.h-1
ucumCode: rad/h
unitSymbol: rad/h
elucidation: "Radian per Hour" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rad/h. -- QUDT

RadianPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-PER-M
ucumCode: rad.m-1
unitSymbol: rad/m

RadianPerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-PER-MIN
ucumCode: rad.min-1
ucumCode: rad/min
unitSymbol: rad/min
elucidation: Radian Per Minute (rad/min) is a unit in the category of Angular velocity. It is also known as radians per minute, radian/minute. Radian Per Minute (rad/min) has a dimension of aT-1 where T is time. It can be converted to the corresponding standard SI unit rad/s by multiplying its value by a factor of 0.0166666666667. -- QUDT

RadianPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: radian per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-PER-SEC
ucumCode: rad.s-1
ucumCode: rad/s
unitSymbol: rad/s
elucidation: "Radian per Second" is the SI unit of rotational speed (angular velocity), and, also the unit of angular frequency. The radian per second is defined as the change in the orientation of an object, in radians, every second. -- QUDT

RadianPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian per Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: rad.s-2
ucumCode: rad/s2
unitSymbol: rad/s²
elucidation: Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity. In SI units, it is measured in radians per Square second (rad/s²), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter α. -- QUDT

RadianSquareMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian Square Metre per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-M2-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: rad.m2.kg-1
unitSymbol: rad⋅m²/kg

RadianSquareMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Radian Square Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/RAD-M2-PER-MOL
ucumCode: rad.m2.mol-1
unitSymbol: rad⋅m²/mol

ReciprocalCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-CentiM
ucumCode: /cm
ucumCode: cm-1
unitSymbol: /cm
elucidation: reciprocal of the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

ReciprocalCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Cubic Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: cm-3
unitSymbol: /cm³
elucidation: reciprocal of the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

ReciprocalCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M3
ucumCode: /m3
ucumCode: m-3
unitSymbol: /m³
elucidation: "Per Cubic Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m³. -- QUDT

ReciprocalCubicMetreSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Cubic Metre Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M3-SEC
ucumCode: m-3.s-1
unitSymbol: /(m³⋅s)

ReciprocalCubicMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Cubic Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MilliM3
ucumCode: mm-3
unitSymbol: /mm³
elucidation: reciprocal value of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

ReciprocalDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.157407E-5
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-DAY
ucumCode: /d
ucumCode: d-1
unitSymbol: /day
elucidation: reciprocal of the unit day -- QUDT

ReciprocalHenry
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Henry
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-H
ucumCode: H-1
unitSymbol: /H

ReciprocalHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 360.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-HR
ucumCode: /h
ucumCode: h-1
unitSymbol: /hr
elucidation: A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal hour` or "inverse hour". -- QUDT

ReciprocalJouleCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Joule Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-J-M3
ucumCode: J-1.m-3
unitSymbol: /(J⋅m³)

ReciprocalKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-K
ucumCode: K-1
unitSymbol: /K
elucidation: Per Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /k. -- QUDT

ReciprocalKiloMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Kilometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-KiloM
ucumCode: /km
ucumCode: km-1
unitSymbol: /km
elucidation: Per Kilometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /km. -- QUDT

ReciprocalKiloVoltAmpereHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.001
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Kilovolt Ampere Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-KiloV-A-HR
unitSymbol: /(kV⋅A⋅hr)
elucidation: reciprocal of the 1,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT

ReciprocalLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-L
ucumCode: L-1
unitSymbol: /L
elucidation: reciprocal value of the unit litre -- QUDT

ReciprocalMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M
ucumCode: /m
ucumCode: m-1
unitSymbol: /m
elucidation: Per Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M-K
ucumCode: m-1.K-1
unitSymbol: /(m⋅K)
elucidation: Per Meter Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m.k. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMetrePerNanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal metre per nanometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M-NanoM
ucumCode: m-1.nm-1
unitSymbol: /(m⋅nm)

ReciprocalMetrePerNanoMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal metre per nanometre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M-NanoM-SR
ucumCode: m-1.nm-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: /(m⋅nm⋅sr)

ReciprocalMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal metre per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M-SEC
ucumCode: m-1.s-1
unitSymbol: /(m⋅s)

ReciprocalMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal metre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M-SR
ucumCode: m-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: /(m⋅sr)

ReciprocalMicroMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Micrometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MicroM
ucumCode: /um
ucumCode: um-1
unitSymbol: /µm
elucidation: Per Micrometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /microm. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMicroMolePerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal micromole per litre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MicroMOL-L
ucumCode: umol-1.L-1
unitSymbol: /(mmol⋅L)
elucidation: Units used to describe the sensitivity of detection of a spectrophotometer. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MilliM
ucumCode: /mm
ucumCode: mm-1
unitSymbol: /mm
elucidation: Per Millimeter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /mm. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMilliSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal millisecond
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MilliSEC
ucumCode: ms-1
unitSymbol: /ms

ReciprocalMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 60.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MIN
ucumCode: /min
ucumCode: min-1
unitSymbol: /min
elucidation: A reciprocal unit of time for `reciprocal minute` or `inverse minute`. -- QUDT

ReciprocalMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-MOL
ucumCode: mol-1
unitSymbol: /mol
elucidation: Per Mole Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions mol⁻¹. -- QUDT

ReciprocalNanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Nanometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-NanoM
ucumCode: /nm
ucumCode: nm-1
unitSymbol: /nm
elucidation: Per Nanometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /nm. -- QUDT

ReciprocalPascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-PA
ucumCode: Pa-1
unitSymbol: /Pa
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal

ReciprocalPascalPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Pascal per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-PA-SEC
ucumCode: Pa-1.s-1
unitSymbol: /(Pa⋅s)

ReciprocalPicoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Picometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-PicoM
ucumCode: /pm
ucumCode: pm-1
unitSymbol: /pm
elucidation: Per Picoometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /pm. -- QUDT

ReciprocalSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SEC
ucumCode: /s
ucumCode: s-1
unitSymbol: /s
elucidation: A reciprical unit of time for `reciprocal second` or `inverse second`. The `Per Second` is a unit of rate. -- QUDT

ReciprocalSecondSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Second Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SEC-M2
ucumCode: /(s1.m2)
ucumCode: s-1.m-2
unitSymbol: /s⋅m²
elucidation: `Per Second Square Meter` is a measure of flux with dimensions /sec-m². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSecondSquareMetreSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Second Square Metre Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SEC-M2-SR
ucumCode: /(s.m2.sr)
ucumCode: s-1.m-2.sr-1
unitSymbol: /s⋅m²⋅sr
elucidation: Per Second Square Meter Steradian is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-m²-sr. -- QUDT

ReciprocalSecondSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Second Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SEC-SR
ucumCode: /(s.sr)
ucumCode: s-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: /s⋅sr
elucidation: Per Second Steradian Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-sr. -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareElectronVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3.895644E37
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Electron Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-EV2
ucumCode: eV-2
unitSymbol: /eV²
elucidation: Per Square Electron Volt is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareGigaElectronVolt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3.895644E19
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Giga Electron Volt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-GigaEV2
ucumCode: GeV-2
unitSymbol: /GeV²
elucidation: Per Square Giga Electron Volt Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /GeV². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-J2
ucumCode: J-2
unitSymbol: /J²
elucidation: Per Square Joule is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-KiloGM2
ucumCode: kg-2
unitSymbol: /kg²
elucidation: Per Square Kilogram is a denominator unit with dimensions /kg². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M2
ucumCode: /m2
ucumCode: m-2
unitSymbol: /m²
elucidation: "Per Square Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m². -- QUDT

ReciprocalSquareMetreSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Square Metre Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-M2-SEC
ucumCode: m-2.s-1
unitSymbol: /(m²⋅s)

ReciprocalSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SEC2
ucumCode: s-2
unitSymbol: /s²

ReciprocalSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-SR
ucumCode: sr-1
unitSymbol: /sr

ReciprocalTeslaMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Tesla Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-T-M
ucumCode: T-1.m-1
unitSymbol: /t⋅m
elucidation: Per Tesla Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m .· T. -- QUDT

ReciprocalTeslaSecond
type: Class
alternative label: Reciprocal Tesla Second Unit
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-T-SEC
ucumCode: T-1.s-1
unitSymbol: /T⋅s
elucidation: Per Tesla Second Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /s . T. -- QUDT

ReciprocalWeber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Reciprocal Weber
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PER-WB
ucumCode: Wb-1
unitSymbol: /Wb

RevolutionPerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1047198
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Revolution per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/REV-PER-MIN
ucumCode: {#}.min-1
unitSymbol: rev/min
elucidation: "Revolution per Minute" is a unit for 'Angular Velocity' expressed as rev/min. -- QUDT

Second
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: s
uneceCommonCode: SEC
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC
ucumCode: s
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Second
definition: The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05513

SecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Seconds per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC-PER-M
ucumCode: s.m-1
unitSymbol: s/m

SecondPerRadianCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Second per Radian Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC-PER-RAD-M3
ucumCode: s.rad-1.m-3
unitSymbol: s/rad⋅m³

SexticMetre
type: Class
alternative label: Sextic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M6
unitSymbol: m⁶

Siemens
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: S
uneceCommonCode: SIE
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/S
ucumCode: S
elucidation: SI unit for electrical conductance.
comment: S = A/V = F/s
comment: Siemens is the SI unit of electric conductance, susceptance, and admittance. The most important property of a conductor is the amount of current it will carry when a voltage is applied. Current flow is opposed by resistance in all circuits, and by also by reactance and impedance in alternating current circuits. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the inverses of resistance, reactance, and impedance, respectively. To measure these properties, the siemens is the reciprocal of the ohm. In other words, the conductance, susceptance, or admittance, in siemens, is simply 1 divided by the resistance, reactance or impedance, respectively, in ohms. The unit is named for the German electrical engineer Werner von Siemens (1816-1892). -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens_(unit)

SiemensPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Siemens Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/S-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: S.cm-1
unitSymbol: S/cm
elucidation: SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

SiemensPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Siemens Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/S-PER-M
ucumCode: S.m-1
ucumCode: S/m
unitSymbol: S/m
elucidation: SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

SiemensSquareMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Siemens Square metre per mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/S-M2-PER-MOL
ucumCode: S.m2.mol-1
unitSymbol: S⋅m²/mol

Sievert
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Sv
uneceCommonCode: D13
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SV
ucumCode: Sv
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sievert
elucidation: SI unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy.
comment: Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05658

SquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM2
ucumCode: cm2
unitSymbol: cm²
elucidation: A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1cm -- QUDT

SquareCentiMetreMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.006
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Centimetre Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM2-MIN
ucumCode: cm2.min
unitSymbol: cm²m
elucidation: "Square centimeter minute" is a unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . m. -- QUDT

SquareCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square centimetres per cubic centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM2-PER-CentiM3
ucumCode: cm2.cm-3
unitSymbol: cm²/cm³

SquareCentiMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square centimetres per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM2-PER-SEC
ucumCode: cm2.s-1
unitSymbol: cm²/s

SquareCentiMetreSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Centimetre Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/CentiM2-SEC
ucumCode: cm2.s
unitSymbol: cm²⋅s
elucidation: "Square Centimeter Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . s. -- QUDT

SquareCoulombSquareMetrePerJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Coulomb Square Metre per Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/C2-M2-PER-J
ucumCode: C2.m2.J-1
ucumCode: C2.m2/J
unitSymbol: C²⋅m²/J
elucidation: "Square Coulomb Square Meter per Joule" is a unit for 'Polarizability' expressed as C² m² J⁻¹. -- QUDT

SquareDeciMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Decimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DeciM2
ucumCode: dm2
unitSymbol: dm²
elucidation: 0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

SquareDegree
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3.046174E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square degree
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG2
ucumCode: deg2
unitSymbol: °²
elucidation: A square degree is a non-SI unit measure of solid angle. It is denoted in various ways, including deg, sq. deg. and °². Just as degrees are used to measure parts of a circle, square degrees are used to measure parts of a sphere. Analogous to one degree being equal to π /180 radians, a square degree is equal to (π /180) or about 1/3283 steradian. The number of square degrees in a whole sphere is or approximately 41 253 deg. This is the total area of the 88 constellations in the list of constellations by area. For example, observed from the surface of the Earth, the Moon has a diameter of approximately 0.5°, so it covers a solid angle of approximately 0.196 deg, which is 4.8 × 10 of the total sky sphere. -- QUDT

SquareDegreeCelsiusPerSecond
type: Class
alternative label: Square Degrees Celsius per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/DEG_C2-PER-SEC
ucumCode: K2.s-1
unitSymbol: °C²⋅s

SquareKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/K2
ucumCode: K2
unitSymbol: K²

SquareKilogramPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Kilograms per square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/KiloGM2-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: kg2.s-2
unitSymbol: kg²/s²

SquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: MTK
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2
omReference: http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/squareMetre
ucumCode: m2
unitSymbol: m²
elucidation: The S I unit of area is the square metre. -- QUDT

SquareMetreCubicHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres cubic Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-HZ3
ucumCode: m2.Hz3
unitSymbol: m²⋅Hz³

SquareMetreHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-HZ
ucumCode: m2.Hz
unitSymbol: m²⋅Hz

SquareMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-K
ucumCode: m2.K
unitSymbol: m²⋅K
elucidation: `Square Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Area Temperature' expressed as m²-K. -- QUDT

SquareMetreKelvinPerWatt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre Kelvin per Watt
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-K-PER-W
ucumCode: m2.K.W-1
unitSymbol: (K²)m/W
elucidation: `Square Meter Kelvin per Watt` is a unit for 'Thermal Insulance' expressed as (K²)m/W. -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerGram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: a unit in the category of specific area

SquareMetrePerHectare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-4
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: square metres per hectare
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-HA
ucumCode: m2.har-1
unitSymbol: m²/ha
elucidation: Square metres per hectare. -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres per Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-HZ
ucumCode: m2.Hz-1
unitSymbol: m²/Hz

SquareMetrePerHertzPerDegree
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 57.29578
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres per Hertz per degree
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-HZ-DEG
ucumCode: m2.Hz-1.deg-1
unitSymbol: m²/(Hz⋅°)

SquareMetrePerJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-J
ucumCode: m2.J-1
unitSymbol: m²/j

SquareMetrePerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-K
ucumCode: m2.K-1
unitSymbol: m²/k

SquareMetrePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: m2.kg-1
unitSymbol: m²/kg
elucidation: Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per kilogram, square metre per kilogram, square metres per kilogram, square meter/kilogram, square metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerMole
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Mole
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-MOL
ucumCode: m2.mol-1
unitSymbol: m²/mol
elucidation: Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per mole, square metre per per, square metres per per, square meter/per, square metre/per. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerNewton
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre Per Newton
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-N
ucumCode: m2.N-1
unitSymbol: m²/N
elucidation: power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the derived SI unit newton -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-SEC
ucumCode: m2.s-1
ucumCode: m2/s
unitSymbol: m²/s
elucidation: Square Metres per second is the SI derived unit of angular momentum, defined by distance or displacement in metres multiplied by distance again in metres and divided by time in seconds. The unit is written in symbols as m2/s or m2u00b7s-1 or m2s-1. It may be better understood when phrased as "metres per second times metres", i.e. the momentum of an object with respect to a position. -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerSquareHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres per square Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-HZ2
ucumCode: m2.Hz-2
unitSymbol: m²/Hz²

SquareMetrePerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: square metre per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-M2
unitSymbol: m²/m²
elucidation: A square metre unit of area per square metre -- QUDT

SquareMetrePerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metres per square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: m2.s-2
unitSymbol: m²/s²

SquareMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-SR
ucumCode: m2.sr-1
unitSymbol: m²/sr
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steradian

SquareMetrePerSteradianJoule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Steradian Joule
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-SR-J
ucumCode: m2.sr-1.J-1
unitSymbol: m²/(sr⋅J)

SquareMetrePerVoltSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre per Volt Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-PER-V-SEC
ucumCode: m2.V-1.s-1
unitSymbol: m²/(V⋅s)

SquareMetreQuarticHertz
type: Class
alternative label: Square metres quartic Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-HZ4
ucumCode: m2.Hz4
unitSymbol: m²⋅Hz⁴

SquareMetreSecondPerRadian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square metre seconds per radian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-SEC-PER-RAD
ucumCode: m2.s.rad-1
unitSymbol: m²⋅s/rad

SquareMetreSquareHertz
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metres square Hertz
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-HZ2
ucumCode: m2.Hz2
unitSymbol: m²⋅Hz²

SquareMetreSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Metre Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M2-SR
ucumCode: m2.sr
unitSymbol: m²⋅sr
elucidation: "Square Meter Steradian" is a unit for 'Area Angle' expressed as m²-sr. -- QUDT

SquareMicroMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-12
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Micrometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MicroM2
ucumCode: um2
unitSymbol: μm²
elucidation: 0.000000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

SquareMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM2
ucumCode: mm2
unitSymbol: mm²
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT

SquareMilliMetrePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-6
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Millimetre Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/MilliM2-PER-SEC
ucumCode: mm2.s-1
unitSymbol: mm²/s
elucidation: 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

SquareNanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E-18
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Nanometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NanoM2
ucumCode: nm2
unitSymbol: nm²
elucidation: A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1nm -- QUDT

SquarePascalPerSquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square pascal per square second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA2-PER-SEC2
ucumCode: Pa2.s-2
unitSymbol: Pa²⋅m/s²

SquarePascalSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Pascal Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PA2-SEC
ucumCode: Pa2.s
unitSymbol: Pa²⋅s
elucidation: Square Pascal Second (Pa²· s) is a unit in the category of sound exposure. -- QUDT

SquareSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SEC2
ucumCode: s2
unitSymbol: s²
elucidation: "Square Second" is a unit for 'Square Time' expressed as s². -- QUDT

SquareVoltPerSquareKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Square Volt per Square Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V2-PER-K2
ucumCode: V2.K-2
unitSymbol: V²/K²

Steradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: sr
uneceCommonCode: D27
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SR
ucumCode: sr
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steradian
elucidation: Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steradian
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05971

Tesla
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: T
uneceCommonCode: D33
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/T
ucumCode: T
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tesla
elucidation: SI unit for magnetic flux density or induction.
comment: T = V·s·m⁻² = N/(A·m) = Wb/m
comment: The SI unit of flux density (or field intensity) for magnetic fields (also called the magnetic induction). The intensity of a magnetic field can be measured by placing a current-carrying conductor in the field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the conductor, a force which depends on the amount of the current and on the length of the conductor. One tesla is defined as the field intensity generating one newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor. Equivalently, one tesla represents a magnetic flux density of one weber per square meter of area. A field of one tesla is quite strong: the strongest fields available in laboratories are about 20 teslas, and the Earth's magnetic flux density, at its surface, is about 50 microteslas. The tesla, defined in 1958, honors the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), whose work in electromagnetic induction led to the first practical generators and motors using alternating current. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06283

Tonne
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: t
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
uneceCommonCode: TNE
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_M
ucumCode: t
definition: A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg.
elucidation: 1,000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06394

TonnePerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Tonne Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-M3
ucumCode: t.m-3
unitSymbol: t/m³
elucidation: unit tonne divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

TonnePerDay
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.01157407
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Tonne Per Day
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-DAY
ucumCode: t.d-1
unitSymbol: t/day
elucidation: metric unit ton divided by the unit for time day -- QUDT

TonnePerHectare
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.1
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: MetricTonnePerHectare
alternative label: metric tonne per hectare
alternative label: tonne per hectare
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-HA
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TON_Metric-PER-HA
ucumCode: t.har-1
unitSymbol: t/ha
elucidation: A measure of density equivalent to 1000kg per hectare or one Megagram per hectare, typically used to express a volume of biomass or crop yield. -- QUDT

TonnePerHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.2777778
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Tonne Per Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-HR
ucumCode: t.h-1
unitSymbol: t/hr
elucidation: unit tonne divided by the unit for time hour -- QUDT

TonnePerMinute
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 16.66667
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Tonne Per Minute
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-MIN
ucumCode: t.min-1
unitSymbol: t/min
elucidation: unit ton divided by the unit for time minute -- QUDT

TonnePerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Tonne Per Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/TONNE-PER-SEC
ucumCode: t.s-1
unitSymbol: t/s
elucidation: unit tonne divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT

Volt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: V
uneceCommonCode: VLT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V
ucumCode: V
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Volt
elucidation: SI unit for electric potential difference.
comment: The volt is the unit of electric potential difference—electric potential difference is also known as voltage. The size of 1 volt is officially defined as the potential difference between two points of a wire carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated in the wire is 1 watt.
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06634

VoltAmpere
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Ampere
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-A
ucumCode: V.A
unitSymbol: V⋅A
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT

VoltAmpereHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Ampere Hour
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-A-HR
ucumCode: V.A.h
unitSymbol: V⋅A⋅hr
elucidation: product of the unit for apparent by ampere and the unit hour -- QUDT

VoltPerCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 100.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Per Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-CentiM
ucumCode: V.cm-1
unitSymbol: V/cm
elucidation: derived SI unit volt divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

VoltPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-K
ucumCode: V.K-1
unitSymbol: V/K

VoltPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-M
ucumCode: V.m-1
unitSymbol: V/m
elucidation: Volt Per Meter (V/m) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as volts per meter, volt/meter, volt/metre, volt per metre, volts per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Volt Per Meter (V/m) has a dimension of MLT⁻³I⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

VoltPerMicroSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Per Microsecond
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-MicroSEC
ucumCode: V.us-1
unitSymbol: V/µs
elucidation: SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT

VoltPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: V.mm-1
unitSymbol: V/mm
elucidation: SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

VoltPerSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt per second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-SEC
ucumCode: V.s-1
unitSymbol: V/s
elucidation: 'Volt per Second' is a unit of magnetic flux equaling one weber. This is the flux passing through a conducting loop and reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second inducing an electric potential of one volt in the loop. -- QUDT

VoltPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-PER-M2
ucumCode: V.m-2
unitSymbol: V/m²
elucidation: The divergence at a particular point in a vector field is (roughly) how much the vector field 'spreads out' from that point. Operationally, we take the partial derivative of each of the field with respect to each of its space variables and add all the derivatives together to get the divergence. Electric field (V/m) differentiated with respect to distance (m) yields V/(m²). -- QUDT

VoltSecondPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Volt Second Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/V-SEC-PER-M
ucumCode: V.s.m-1
unitSymbol: V⋅s/m
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit second divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

Watt
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: W
uneceCommonCode: WTT
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W
ucumCode: W
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Watt
elucidation: SI unit for power.
comment: The SI unit of power. Power is the rate at which work is done, or (equivalently) the rate at which energy is expended. One watt is equal to a power rate of one joule of work per second of time. This unit is used both in mechanics and in electricity, so it links the mechanical and electrical units to one another. In mechanical terms, one watt equals about 0.001 341 02 horsepower (hp) or 0.737 562 foot-pound per second (lbf/s). In electrical terms, one watt is the power produced by a current of one ampere flowing through an electric potential of one volt. The name of the unit honors James Watt (1736-1819), the British engineer whose improvements to the steam engine are often credited with igniting the Industrial Revolution. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06656

WattHourPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: a unit of specific energy commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-hour_per_kilogram

WattHourPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: a unit of energy density commonly used to measure the density of energy in batteries and capacitors

WattMetrePerSquareMetreSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts metre per square metre steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-M-PER-M2-SR
ucumCode: W.m-2.m.sr-1
unitSymbol: W⋅m/m²⋅sr
elucidation: The power per unit area of radiation of a given wavenumber illuminating a target at a given incident angle. -- QUDT

WattPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt Per Cubic Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M3
ucumCode: W.m-3
unitSymbol: W/m³
elucidation: SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT

WattPerKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-K
ucumCode: W.K-1
unitSymbol: w/K
elucidation: Watt Per Kelvin (W/K) is a unit in the category of Thermal conductivity. -- QUDT

WattPerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt Per Kilogram
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-KiloGM
ucumCode: W.kg-1
ucumCode: W/kg
unitSymbol: W/kg
elucidation: SI derived unit watt divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT

WattPerLitre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
elucidation: A unit for power per volume quantities.
elucidation: a unit for power per volume quantities

WattPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M
ucumCode: W.m-1
unitSymbol: W/m

WattPerMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M-K
ucumCode: W.m-1.K-1
unitSymbol: W/(m⋅K)
wikipediaReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivity

WattPerSquareCentiMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 10000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Square Centimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-CentiM2
ucumCode: W.cm-2
unitSymbol: W/cm²
elucidation: Watt Per Square Centimeter is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT

WattPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Square Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2
ucumCode: W.m-2
ucumCode: W/m2
unitSymbol: W/m²
elucidation: "Watt per Square Meter} is a unit of irradiance defined as the power received per area. This is a unit in the category of Energy flux. It is also known as watts per square meter, watt per square metre, watts per square metre, watt/square meter, watt/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter (W/m²) has a dimension of MT^{-3" where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

WattPerSquareMetreKelvin
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Square Metre Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-K
ucumCode: W.m-2.K-1
unitSymbol: W/(m²⋅K)
elucidation: `Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin `(W m⁻² K⁻¹) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat transfer coefficient. It is also known as watt/square meter-kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin (W m⁻² K⁻¹) has a dimension of MT⁻¹Q⁻¹ where M is mass, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

WattPerSquareMetrePascal
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Square Metre Pascal
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-PA
ucumCode: W.m-2.Pa-1
unitSymbol: W/(m²⋅pa)
elucidation: Watt Per Square Meter Per Pascal (W/m²-pa) is a unit of Evaporative Heat Transfer. -- QUDT

WattPerSquareMetrePerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts per square metre per metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-M
ucumCode: W.m-2.m-1
unitSymbol: W/m²⋅m

WattPerSquareMetrePerMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts per square metre per metre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-M-SR
ucumCode: W.m-2.m-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: W/m²⋅m⋅sr

WattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts per square metre per nanometre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-NanoM
ucumCode: W.m-2.nm-1
unitSymbol: W/m²⋅nm

WattPerSquareMetrePerNanoMetrePerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0E9
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watts per square metre per nanometre per steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-NanoM-SR
ucumCode: W.m-2.nm-1.sr-1
unitSymbol: W/m²⋅nm⋅sr

WattPerSquareMetreQuarticKelvin
type: Class
alternative label: Watt per Square Metre Quartic Kelvin
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-K4
ucumCode: W.m-2.K-4
unitSymbol: W/(m²⋅K⁴)
elucidation: Watt Per Square Meter Per Quartic Kelvin (W/m2·K4) is a unit in the category of light. -- QUDT

WattPerSquareMetreSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Square Metre Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-M2-SR
ucumCode: W.m-2.sr-1
unitSymbol: W/(m²⋅sr)
elucidation: `Watt per steradian per square metre` is the SI unit of radiance (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²), while that of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·Hz⁻¹) and that of spectral radiance in wavelength is the watt per steradian per square metre, per metre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻³), commonly the watt per steradian per square metre per nanometre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·nm⁻¹). It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance

WattPerSteradian
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt per Steradian
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-PER-SR
ucumCode: W.sr-1
unitSymbol: W/sr
elucidation: `Watt Per Steradian (W/sr)` is the unit in the category of Radiant intensity. It is also known as watts per steradian. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Steradian (W/sr) has a dimension of M· L⁻²· T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT

WattSecond
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt Second
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-SEC
ucumCode: W.s
unitSymbol: W⋅s
elucidation: product of the SI derived unit watt and SI base unit second -- QUDT

WattSecondPerSquareMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watt seconds per square metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-SEC-PER-M2
ucumCode: W.s.m-2
unitSymbol: W⋅s/m²

WattHour
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-HR
ucumCode: W.h
unitSymbol: W⋅hr
elucidation: The watt hour is a unit of energy, equal to 3,600 joule. -- QUDT

WattHourPerCubicMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 3600.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Watthour per Cubic metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/W-HR-PER-M3
ucumCode: W.h.m-3
unitSymbol: W⋅hr/m³
elucidation: The watt hour per cubic meter is a unit of energy density, equal to 3,600 joule per cubic meter. -- QUDT

Weber
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: Wb
uneceCommonCode: WEB
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB
ucumCode: Wb
dbpediaReference: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Weber
elucidation: SI unit for magnetic flux.
comment: The SI unit of magnetic flux. "Flux" is the rate (per unit of time) at which something crosses a surface perpendicular to the flow. The weber is a large unit, equal to 10⁸ maxwells, and practical fluxes are usually fractions of one weber. The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. In SI base units, the dimensions of the weber are (kg·m²)/(s²·A). The weber is commonly expressed in terms of other derived units as the Tesla-square meter (T·m²), volt-seconds (V·s), or joules per ampere (J/A).
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber_(unit)
iupacReference: https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06666

WeberMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Weber Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB-M
ucumCode: Wb.m
unitSymbol: Wb⋅m

WeberPerMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Weber Per Metre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB-PER-M
ucumCode: Wb.m-1
unitSymbol: Wb/m
elucidation: SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

WeberPerMilliMetre
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 1000.0
subclass of: Restriction
  has value: 0.0
alternative label: Weber Per Millimetre
qudtReference: http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/WB-PER-MilliM
ucumCode: Wb.mm-1
unitSymbol: Wb/mm
elucidation: derived SI unit weber divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT

Intensity
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: Power transferred per unit area.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics)

MassFraction
type: Class
unitSymbol: mass-fraction
unitSymbol: mass_fraction
elucidation: The mass of one type of species divided by the total mass.

TrisTrimethylsilyPhosphite
type: Class
alternative label: TMSPI
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83040831
pubChemReference: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tris_trimethylsilyl_-phosphite
molecularFormula: C9H27O3PSi3
IUPACName: tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite

DischargedEmptyBattery
type: Class
alternative label: DischargedUnfilledBattery
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: discharged secondary battery, where the cells contain no electrolyte or one in which the electrolyte has been drained from the cells which are then sealed to keep out oxygen

LithiumIonIronPhosphateBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
deprecated: true
alternative label: LFPBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901551
elucidation: a lithium ion battery with a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery

MercuryBattery
type: Class
comment: included for historical reference
comment: mercury is toxic and an environmental hazard
comment: the sale of mercury batteries is now banned in many countries
comment: this cell was developed by Samuel Ruben during World War II and used to power early cardiac pacemakers, wrist watches, hearing aids, and other small electronics
alternative label: MercuricOxideBattery
alternative label: RubenMalloryBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899725
elucidation: a primary battery cell with a zinc anode and a mercuric oxide cathode in an alkaline electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_battery

LithiumManganeseDioxideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery with a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide and a negative electrode of lithium

NickelZincBattery
type: Class
alternative label: NickelOxideZincBattery
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an alkaline electrolyte, a positive electrode containing nickel oxide and a negative electrode of zinc

ValveRegulatedLeadAcidBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: the cell or battery cannot normally receive additions to the electrolyte
alternative label: VRLA
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780582
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery in which cells are closed but have a valve which allows the escape of gas if the internal pressure exceeds a predetermined value
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRLA_battery

LR20
type: Class
comment: introduced 1898 as the first flashlight battery
alternative label: AlkalineDBattery
alternative label: D
elucidation: alkaline zinc manganese dioxide cylindrical cell in a R20 case

P3DModel
type: Class

WetCell
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11563836
elucidation: a primary battery cell with an excess liquid electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery#Wet_cell

NonAqueousMetallicFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a full redox flow battery with non-aqueous electrolytes that contain metallic species as the active components

NeutralZincAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: NearNeutralZincAirBattery
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: metal air battery with a saline electrolyte and a negative electrode of zinc

LithiumCarbonMonofluorideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery with a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode containing carbon monofluoride and a negative electrode of lithium

BatteryMeasurementResult
type: Class

NickelCadmiumBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
alternative label: NickelOxideCadmiumBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898377
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an alkaline electrolyte, a positive electrode containing nickel oxide and a negative electrode of cadmium
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93cadmium_battery

StateOfCharge
type: Class
deprecated: true
alternative label: SoC
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_charge

LR1
type: Class
alternative label: AlkalineNBattery
alternative label: N
elucidation: a cylindrical alkaline zinc manganese dioxide battery cell

OEMBattery
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: battery supplied to an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for use only with or in new equipment.

FullCharge
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: state of charge wherein all available active material is in a state such that the charging under the selected conditions produces no significant increase of capacity

Axiom
annotated target: state of charge wherein all available active material is in a state such that the charging under the selected conditions produces no significant increase of capacity
source: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org

BatteryCycling
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

LeclancheBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery with a saline electrolyte based on ammonium chloride and zinc chloride, a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide and a negative electrode of zinc
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanch%C3%A9_cell

EarthBattery
type: Class
comment: sometimes used to power sensors in remote or sub-sea locations
elucidation: a battery cell consisting of two electrodes that are buried in soil or immersed in the sea
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_battery

SinteredPlate
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: plate of an alkaline secondary cell the support of which is made by sintering metal powder and into which the active material is introduced

LithiumIonGraphiteBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
deprecated: true
alternative label: GrBattery
elucidation: a lithium ion battery with a graphite negative electrode

CalciumIonBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a battery with two calcium insertion electrodes

LR23
type: Class
alternative label: AlkalineABattery
elucidation: alkaline zinc manganese dioxide cylindrical cell in a R23 case
elucidation: usually contains a stack of four LR932 button cells shrink wrapped together

LithiumIonNickelCobaltAluminiumOxideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: a lithium-ion battery with a lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide positive electrode
deprecated: true

CalciumBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106611348
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of calcium or containing calcium
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_battery

BatteryCyclingMeasurementResult
type: Class

DepthOfDischarge
type: Class
deprecated: true
alternative label: DoD
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_discharge

BatteryOnFloat
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery whose terminals are permanently connected to a source of constant voltage sufficient to maintain the battery approximately fully charged, and which is intended to supply power to an electric circuit, if the normal supply is temporarily interrupted

PotassiumIonBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7234684
elucidation: a potassium ion shuttle battery with two potassium insertion electrodes
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-ion_battery

BatteryQuantity
type: Class
elucidation: Physical quantities defined within the domain of batteries.

BatteryCycler
type: Class
elucidation: A device for performing cycling measurements of a battery.

EmergencyBattery
type: Class
alternative label: BackUpBattery
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: battery which supplies electric energy to an electric circuit when the normal power supply of this electric circuit is interrupted.

VoltaicPile
type: Class
comment: included for historical reference
comment: invented by Alessandro Volta in 1799
comment: the invention of the voltaic pile begat many other discoveries in (electro)chemistry, including the discovery or isolation of sodium, potassium, calcium, boron, strontium, and magnesium
alternative label: VoltaPile
elucidation: the first example of a modern battery, featuring a stack of alternating layers of zinc and silver metal separated by cardboard soaked in brine

Alkaline4SR44
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: often simply a stack of four SR44 (LR44) button cells shrink wrapped together
alternative label: 4LR44
elucidation: a cylindrical alkaline zinc manganese dioxide battery cell with 4 LR44 cells in series

IronRedoxFlowBattery
type: Class
alternative label: IRB
alternative label: ISB
alternative label: IronSaltBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112649313
elucidation: a type of redox flow battery that uses aqueous solutions of iron salt
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_redox_flow_battery

ReplacementBattery
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: battery for use in place of an existing battery, giving the same or similar operating and performance characteristics.

IronAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
elucidation: a metal-air battery with a iron negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%E2%80%93air_electrochemical_cell#Iron

PouchCell
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: CoffeeBagBattery
alternative label: PouchBatteryCell
elucidation: a battery cell that is contained in a pouch case

PrimaryBattery
type: Class
alternative label: PrimaryCell
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378887
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell which is not designed to be electrically recharged
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_battery

AlkalineA23
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: usually contains a stack of eight LR932 button cells shrink wrapped together
alternative label: 8LR932
elucidation: a cylindrical alkaline zinc manganese dioxide battery cell with 8LR932 cells in series

AluminiumBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85741073
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of aluminium or containing aluminium
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_battery

StandardVoltageCell
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell having, at a specified temperature, an invariant and specific open-circuit voltage, used as a reference voltage.

SodiumIonBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391088
elucidation: secondary battery with a non-aqueous electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes which utilize an intercalation compound in which sodium is stored
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-ion_battery

AluminiumAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
elucidation: a metal-air battery with an aluminium negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93air_battery

LithiumIonManganeseOxideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
deprecated: true
alternative label: LMOBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911101
elucidation: a lithium ion battery with a lithium manganese oxide positive electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery

DrainedChargedBattery
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: charged secondary battery where the cells contain a small quantity of electrolyte absorbed in the cell plates and in the plate separators

NickelZincBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: IEC Code: Z
alternative label: NickelOxideHydroxideBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127108
elucidation: a battery cell with a zinc anode and NiOOH cathode in an alkaline electolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_oxyhydroxide_battery

SilverZincBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285713
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an alkaline electrolyte, a positive electrode containing silver and a negative electrode of zinc
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_zinc_battery

AqueousOrganicFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a full redox flow battery with aqueous electrolytes that contain organic species as the active components

BatteryEquivalentCircuitModel
type: Class

LithiumIonSiliconGraphiteBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
deprecated: true
elucidation: a lithium-ion battery with a blended silicon graphite negaitve electrode

BatteryBase
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: support base, generally of insulating material for stationary secondary cells, batteries or monobloc batteries

LithiumIonCobaltOxideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
deprecated: true
alternative label: LCOBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1865299
elucidation: a lithium ion battery with a lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode

BatteryCrate
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: container with frame walls for holding several cells or batteries

AlkalineCell
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: the term Alkaline Battery is often used to describe alkaline zinc manganese dioxide batteries (IEC code: L)
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell containing an alkaline electrolyte

BatteryInterface
type: Class
elucidation: An electrochemical interface within a battery cell.

P2DModel
type: Class
alternative label: DFNModel
alternative label: DoyleFullerNewmanModel
alternative label: NewmanModel

MagnesiumBattery
type: Class
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of magnesium or containing magnesium
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_battery

WestonStandardVoltageCell
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: standard voltage cell with a saline electrolyte saturated with cadmium sulphate, a positive electrode of mercury and solid mercurous sulphate, and a negative electrode of amalgamated cadmium and solid cadmium sulphate.

NonAqueousOrganicFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a full redox flow battery with non-aqueous electrolytes that contain metallic species as the active components

PocketPlate
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: plate of a nickel-cadmium or nickel-iron cell consisting of an assembly of perforated steel pockets, which may be nickel plated, and which contain the active material

ZincChlorideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery with a saline electrolyte based on zinc chloride, a positive electrode containing manganese dioxide and a negative electrode of zinc
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery#Zinc-chloride_%22heavy_duty%22_cell

MembranelessFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a redox flow battery that separates electrolytes by leveraging laminar flow, rather than using a typical ion-perm-selective membrane

ZincFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a flow battery with a zinc negative electrode

AlkalineA27
type: Class
alternative label: 8LR732
elucidation: a cylindrical alkaline zinc manganese dioxide battery cell with 8 LR732 cells in series

PilotBatteryCell
type: Class
alternative label: PilotCell
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: selected cell of a battery which is used to assess or represent the average state of parameters of the battery.

SilverBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: cell containing a positive electrode with an active material of silver or containing silver

ElectrochemicalEquivalentCircuitModel
type: Class

SiliconAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
elucidation: a metal-air battery with a silicon negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon-air_battery

BatteryCell
type: Class
alternative label: Cell
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy.

PasteLinedCell
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary cell wherein the separator is a starch gel wet with electrolyte

LR6
type: Class
comment: introduced 1907, but added to ANSI standard sizes in 1947
comment: used in many household electronic devices
alternative label: AA
alternative label: AlkalineAABattery
elucidation: alkaline zinc manganese dioxide cylindrical cell in a R6 case

BatteryMeasurement
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction

AlkalinePP3
type: Class
alternative label: 6LP3146
alternative label: E
alternative label: NineVoltBattery
elucidation: a prismatic alkaline zinc manganese dioxide battery cell, usually with 6 LR61 cells in series and a nominal voltage of 9 V

BunsenCell
type: Class
comment: included for historical reference
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901286
elucidation: a primary zinc carbon battery with a zinc anode and carbon cathode and a dual electrolyte system of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric or chromic acid
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunsen_cell

LithiumIonPolymerBattery
type: Class
alternative label: LIP
alternative label: LiPo
alternative label: LiPoly
elucidation: a rechargeable lithium-ion battery with a polymer electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_polymer_battery

SwagelokCell
type: Class
alternative label: SwagelokBatteryCell

Battery
type: Class
alternative label: ElectricBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_battery
elucidation: one or more cells fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case, terminals, marking and protective devices
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery

LithiumFlowBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142201
elucidation: a flow battery with a lithium metal negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_flow_battery

NickelMetalHydrideBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308567
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an electrolyte of aqueous potassium hydroxide, a positive electrode containing nickel as nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode of hydrogen in the form of a metal hydride
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery

LeadBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of lead or containing lead

PaperLinedCell
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary cell wherein the separator is paper impregnated with electrolyte

ReserveBatteryCell
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315268
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell stored in a dry state in which the necessary electrolyte is held separately and which may be transferred for activation to the cell, immediately prior to use, by priming or other means.
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_battery

FaurePlate
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: pasted flat plate with a grid current collector used in a lead acid battery

ZincBromineFlowBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: the oldest flow battery chemistry, invented by John Doyle in 1879
alternative label: ZincBromineBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204563
elucidation: a flow battery with an aqueous zinc bromide electrolyte and zinc metal electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc-bromine_battery

SodiumAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
elucidation: a metal-air battery with a sodium negative electrode

IntentionalBatteryProcess
type: Class

AluminiumShuttleBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: the name "aluminium-ion battery" is a misnomer because it uses an aluminium metal negative electrode rather than an insertion (intercalation) negative electrode
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15732670
elucidation: a secondary battery that combines an aluminium negative electrode with an aluminium insertion positive electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium-ion_battery

LeadAcidBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté
comment: lead dioxide lead batteries are often called accumulators (deprecated)
comment: the first type of rechargeable battery ever created
alternative label: LeadDioxideLeadBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337724
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an aqueous electrolyte based on dilute sulphuric acid, a positive electrode of lead dioxide and a negative electrode of lead
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery

MagnesiumAirBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
elucidation: a metal-air battery with a magnesium negative electrode

HydrogenBromineBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17045938
elucidation: a flow battery in which hydrogen bromide (HBr) serves as the electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%E2%80%93bromine_battery

ZincChlorineFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a flow battery with an aqueous zinc chloride electrolyte and zinc metal electrode

NonAqueousCell
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell with a liquid electrolyte containing neither water nor other sources of reactive protons (H+)

LithiumIonNickelManganeseCobaltOxideBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: there are many stoichiometry variations for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides, typically expressed as LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO2 where x+y+z = 1
deprecated: true
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93837163
elucidation: a lithium-ion battery with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide positive electrode

MonoblocBattery
type: Class
comment: the cells in a monobloc battery can be connected in series or in parallel
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: battery with multiple separate but electrically connected cell compartments each of which is designed to house an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, terminals or interconnections and possible separators

PrismaticBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: a battery cell in a rigid container with rectangular faces

BatteryEnergy
type: Class
deprecated: true
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: electric energy which a battery delivers under specified conditions.

Axiom
annotated target: electric energy which a battery delivers under specified conditions.
source: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org

LemonBattery
type: Class
comment: included for historical reference
comment: typically used for educational purposes
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621156
elucidation: a battery with electrodes of zinc and copper inserted into a lemon as the electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_battery

LeclancheWetCell
type: Class
comment: included for historical reference
comment: used in the 19th century primarily for telegraph systems, and later adapted to the dry cell configuration used throughout the 20th century
elucidation: a wet battery invented and patented by the French scientist Georges Leclanché in 1866
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leclanch%C3%A9_cell

FullFlowBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: a type of redox flow battery that store electroactive material only in external tanks

RedoxFlowBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907511
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Flow_battery
elucidation: a flow battery is a rechargeable battery in which electrolyte flows through one or more electrochemical cells from one or more tanks
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_battery

MagnesiumShuttleBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction

DryCell
type: Class
comment: developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery containing an immobilized electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_cell

LithiumIonBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
comment: a lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2822895
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
dbpediaReference: https://dbpedia.org/page/Lithium-ion_battery
elucidation: secondary battery with an organic solvent electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes which utilize an intercalation compound in which lithium is stored
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery

CR2016
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: a Li | MnO2 coin cell with a R2016 case

CR2025
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28955604
elucidation: a Li | MnO2 coin cell with a R2025 case

BatteryModule
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: a modular assembly of multiple battery cells in a case, designed to be integrated into a larger battery pack

MagnesiumIonBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
elucidation: a shuttle battery for magnesium ions with two magnesium insertion electrodes

MetalAirBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: can be primary or secondary, depending on the design
alternative label: AirMetalBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891821
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: battery in which atmospheric oxygen serves as the active material at the positive electrode and a metal as the active material of the negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal-air_electrochemical_cell

SiliconBattery
type: Class
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of silicon or containing silicon

PlantePlate
type: Class
comment: the active material is formed by electrochemical oxidation of the lead in thin layers
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: plate, made of pure lead, of very large effective surface used in lead acid cells

SodiumBattery
type: Class
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of sodium or containing sodium

LR25
type: Class
alternative label: AlkalineFBatter
elucidation: alkaline zinc manganese dioxide cylindrical cell in a R25 case

DryChargedBattery
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: state of delivery of some types of secondary battery where the cells contain no electrolyte and the plates are dry and in a charged state

PotassiumBattery
type: Class
elucidation: cell containing a negative electrode with an active material of potassium or containing potassium

NickelIronBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
alternative label: NiFeBattery
alternative label: NickelOxideIronBattery
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80722
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: secondary battery with an alkaline electrolyte, a positive electrode containing nickel oxide and a negative electrode of iron
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93iron_battery

FrogBattery
type: Class
comment: Luigi Galvani's early investigations of "animal electricity" with frog legs were a source of inspiration for Alessandro Volta's invention of the voltaic pile
comment: included for historical reference
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5505233
elucidation: a battery comprising two electrodes of dissimilar metals with frog legs acting as the electrolyte
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog_battery

LR03
type: Class
comment: used in many household electronic devices
alternative label: AAA
alternative label: AlkalineAAABattery
elucidation: alkaline zinc manganese dioxide cylindrical cell in a R03 case

LithiumSulfurBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899170
elucidation: a type of rechargeable battery notable for its high specific energy
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-sulfur_battery

PolysulfideBromideFlowBattery
type: Class
alternative label: PSB
elucidation: a type of flow battery that stores energy in aqueous solutions of sodium bromide and sodium polysulfide
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysulfide-bromide_battery

HR6
type: Class
alternative label: NiMHAABattery
alternative label: NickelMetalHydrideAABattery
elucidation: a nickel metal-hydride cylindrical cell in an R6 (AA) case

UnformedDryCell
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: state of some types of secondary cell not yet filled with electrolyte and where the active material has not yet been submitted to a so called "formation" process

StartingCapability
type: Class
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: ability of a battery to supply power to an engine starter motor under specified conditions

Axiom
annotated target: ability of a battery to supply power to an engine starter motor under specified conditions
source: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org

ZincCarbonBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: primary battery such as Leclanché or zinc chloride batteries

HybridFlowBattery
type: Class
elucidation: a type of redox flow battery comprising at least one solid electroactive material that is deposited or stripped within the stack

CylindricalBattery
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
alternative label: CylindricalBatteryCell
alternative label: CylindricalCell
alternative label: RoundCell
IEVReference: https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display
elucidation: cell with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter

KR6
type: Class
elucidation: NickelCadmiumAABattery
elucidation: nickel cadmium (NiCd) cylindrical cell in an R6 (AA) case

LithiumMetalBattery
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
comment: lithium metal batteries are often (but not always) primary cells
elucidation: cell containing a non-aqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode of lithium metal
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_metal_battery

LithiumAirBattery
type: Class
wikidataReference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6126452
elucidation: a metal-air battery with a lithium negative electrode
wikipediaReference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93air_battery