---
name: seo-technical
description: >
  Technical SEO audit across 8 categories: crawlability, indexability, security,
  URL structure, mobile, Core Web Vitals, structured data, and JavaScript
  rendering. Use when user says "technical SEO", "crawl issues", "robots.txt",
  "Core Web Vitals", "site speed", or "security headers".
---

# Technical SEO Audit

## Categories

### 1. Crawlability
- robots.txt: exists, valid, not blocking important resources
- XML sitemap: exists, referenced in robots.txt, valid format
- Noindex tags: intentional vs accidental
- Crawl depth: important pages within 3 clicks of homepage
- JavaScript rendering: check if critical content requires JS execution
- Crawl budget: for large sites (>10k pages), efficiency matters

#### AI Crawler Management

As of 2025-2026, AI companies actively crawl the web to train models and power AI search. Managing these crawlers via robots.txt is a critical technical SEO consideration.

**Known AI crawlers:**

| Crawler | Company | robots.txt token | Purpose |
|---------|---------|-----------------|---------|
| GPTBot | OpenAI | `GPTBot` | Model training |
| ChatGPT-User | OpenAI | `ChatGPT-User` | Real-time browsing |
| ClaudeBot | Anthropic | `ClaudeBot` | Model training |
| PerplexityBot | Perplexity | `PerplexityBot` | Search index + training |
| Bytespider | ByteDance | `Bytespider` | Model training |
| Google-Extended | Google | `Google-Extended` | Gemini training (NOT search) |
| CCBot | Common Crawl | `CCBot` | Open dataset |

**Key distinctions:**
- Blocking `Google-Extended` prevents Gemini training use but does NOT affect Google Search indexing or AI Overviews (those use `Googlebot`)
- Blocking `GPTBot` prevents OpenAI training but does NOT prevent ChatGPT from citing your content via browsing (`ChatGPT-User`)
- ~3-5% of websites now use AI-specific robots.txt rules

**Example — selective AI crawler blocking:**
```
# Allow search indexing, block AI training crawlers
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /

User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /

User-agent: Bytespider
Disallow: /

# Allow all other crawlers (including Googlebot for search)
User-agent: *
Allow: /
```

**Recommendation:** Consider your AI visibility strategy before blocking. Being cited by AI systems drives brand awareness and referral traffic. Cross-reference the `seo-geo` skill for full AI visibility optimization.

### 2. Indexability
- Canonical tags: self-referencing, no conflicts with noindex
- Duplicate content: near-duplicates, parameter URLs, www vs non-www
- Thin content: pages below minimum word counts per type
- Pagination: rel=next/prev or load-more pattern
- Hreflang: correct for multi-language/multi-region sites
- Index bloat: unnecessary pages consuming crawl budget

### 3. Security
- HTTPS: enforced, valid SSL certificate, no mixed content
- Security headers:
  - Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
  - Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
  - X-Frame-Options
  - X-Content-Type-Options
  - Referrer-Policy
- HSTS preload: check preload list inclusion for high-security sites

### 4. URL Structure
- Clean URLs: descriptive, hyphenated, no query parameters for content
- Hierarchy: logical folder structure reflecting site architecture
- Redirects: no chains (max 1 hop), 301 for permanent moves
- URL length: flag >100 characters
- Trailing slashes: consistent usage

### 5. Mobile Optimization
- Responsive design: viewport meta tag, responsive CSS
- Touch targets: minimum 48x48px with 8px spacing
- Font size: minimum 16px base
- No horizontal scroll
- Mobile-first indexing: Google indexes mobile version. **Mobile-first indexing is 100% complete as of July 5, 2024.** Google now crawls and indexes ALL websites exclusively with the mobile Googlebot user-agent.

### 6. Core Web Vitals
- **LCP** (Largest Contentful Paint): target <2.5s
- **INP** (Interaction to Next Paint): target <200ms
  - INP replaced FID on March 12, 2024. FID was fully removed from all Chrome tools (CrUX API, PageSpeed Insights, Lighthouse) on September 9, 2024. Do NOT reference FID anywhere.
- **CLS** (Cumulative Layout Shift): target <0.1
- Evaluation uses 75th percentile of real user data
- Use PageSpeed Insights API or CrUX data if MCP available

### 7. Structured Data
- Detection: JSON-LD (preferred), Microdata, RDFa
- Validation against Google's supported types
- See seo-schema skill for full analysis

### 8. JavaScript Rendering
- Check if content visible in initial HTML vs requires JS
- Identify client-side rendered (CSR) vs server-side rendered (SSR)
- Flag SPA frameworks (React, Vue, Angular) that may cause indexing issues
- Verify dynamic rendering setup if applicable

#### JavaScript SEO — Canonical & Indexing Guidance (December 2025)

Google updated its JavaScript SEO documentation in December 2025 with critical clarifications:

1. **Canonical conflicts:** If a canonical tag in raw HTML differs from one injected by JavaScript, Google may use EITHER one. Ensure canonical tags are identical between server-rendered HTML and JS-rendered output.
2. **noindex with JavaScript:** If raw HTML contains `<meta name="robots" content="noindex">` but JavaScript removes it, Google MAY still honor the noindex from raw HTML. Serve correct robots directives in the initial HTML response.
3. **Non-200 status codes:** Google does NOT render JavaScript on pages returning non-200 HTTP status codes. Any content or meta tags injected via JS on error pages will be invisible to Googlebot.
4. **Structured data in JavaScript:** Product, Article, and other structured data injected via JS may face delayed processing. For time-sensitive structured data (especially e-commerce Product markup), include it in the initial server-rendered HTML.

**Best practice:** Serve critical SEO elements (canonical, meta robots, structured data, title, meta description) in the initial server-rendered HTML rather than relying on JavaScript injection.

### 9. IndexNow Protocol
- Check if site supports IndexNow for Bing, Yandex, Naver
- Supported by search engines other than Google
- Recommend implementation for faster indexing on non-Google engines

## Output

### Technical Score: XX/100

### Category Breakdown
| Category | Status | Score |
|----------|--------|-------|
| Crawlability | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| Indexability | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| Security | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| URL Structure | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| Mobile | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| Core Web Vitals | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| Structured Data | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |
| JS Rendering | ✅/⚠️/❌ | XX/100 |

### Critical Issues (fix immediately)
### High Priority (fix within 1 week)
### Medium Priority (fix within 1 month)
### Low Priority (backlog)

---

## Voice Search Optimization

Voice search (Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Cortana) selects answers primarily from **Featured Snippets** and requires specific optimization signals.

### Key Facts
- 90%+ of voice answers are read directly from Featured Snippets
- 46% of voice searches have local intent
- Voice results strongly favor pages with TTFB < 2s
- 80%+ of voice queries come from mobile devices

### Checklist

| Check | Requirement | Pass Threshold |
|-------|-------------|----------------|
| Page speed | TTFB < 2s (critical — voice results heavily favor fast pages) | < 2000ms |
| HTTPS | Required for voice results | Must be HTTPS |
| Featured Snippet | Direct answer in first 40-55 words after H-tag | Present |
| FAQ phrasing | H2/H3 phrased as natural language questions | ≥ 3 question H-tags |
| Local schema | LocalBusiness with address, phone, hours (local intent queries) | If local business |
| `speakable` schema | Marks top answer paragraphs for Google Assistant | Recommended |
| Mobile accessibility | 100% accessible on mobile | Required |

### `speakable` Schema Implementation
```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Article",
  "speakable": {
    "@type": "SpeakableSpecification",
    "cssSelector": [".article-summary", "h2 + p", "[itemprop='description']"]
  }
}
```

### Voice Search by Platform

| Platform | Index Source | Primary Optimization |
|----------|-------------|---------------------|
| **Google Assistant** | Google index | Featured Snippet ownership, TTFB < 2s, `speakable` |
| **Siri** | Bing (Apple) | Bing Webmaster Tools submission, Featured Snippet on Bing |
| **Alexa** | Bing | Featured Snippet, Bing indexed content |
| **Cortana** | Bing | Featured Snippet, Bing Webmaster Tools |

> **Note**: For Siri and Alexa, submit your site via **Bing Webmaster Tools** (separate from Google Search Console). Bing still powers major voice engines.

## Execution Plan

When invoked as an agent, execute these steps:
1. Run `scripts/robots_checker.py "$URL" --json` for crawlability and AI crawler rules.
2. Run `scripts/security_headers.py "$URL" --json` for security posture.
3. Run `scripts/redirect_checker.py "$URL" --json` to verify redirect chains.
4. Run `scripts/pagespeed.py "$URL" --strategy mobile --json` for Core Web Vitals mapping.
5. Run `scripts/hreflang_checker.py "$URL" --json` for international setup.
6. Run `scripts/indexnow_checker.py "$URL" --key YOUR_KEY --json` if applicable.
7. Synthesize all outputs into the Technical Score and Category Breakdown.