Contact: Stephan Schurer schurer at med dot miami dot edu
Contact: Stephan Schurer stephan dot schurer at gmail dot com
Contact: Stephan Schurer stephan dot schurer at med dot miami dot edu
Created by: Hande Küçük McGinty, Janice Kranz, Joseph Ostrow, Alex Clark, Yu Lin, Saminda Abeyruwan, Uma Vempati, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Ubbo Visser, John Turner, Nicolette Ross, Joan Glenny-Pescov, Jiaming Hu, Caty Chung, Stephan Schurer*
Created by: Hande Küçük McGinty, Janice Kranz, Joseph Ostrow, Alex Clark, Yu Lin, Saminda Abeyruwan, Uma Vempati, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Ubbo Visser, John Turner, Stephan Schurer*
Created by: Hande Küçük McGinty, Janice Kranz, Joseph Ostrow, Alex Clark, Yu Lin, Saminda Abeyruwan, Uma Vempati, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Ubbo Visser, John Turner, add_name, Stephan Schurer*
Created by: Hande Küçük McGinty, Janice Kranz, Joseph Ostrow, Alex Clark, Yu Lin, Saminda Abeyruwan, Uma Vempati, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Ubbo Visser, John Turner,colette Ross, Joan Glenny-Pescov, Jiaming Hu, Caty Chung, Stephan Schurer*
Created by: Saminda Abeyruwan, Caty Chung, Hande Küçük McGinty, Janice Kranz, Joseph Ostrow, Alex Clark, Yu Lin, Uma Vempati, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Ubbo Visser, John Turner, Nicolette Ross, Joan Glenny-Pescov, Jiaming Hu, Stephan Schurer*
Created by: Caty Chung, Nicolette Ross, Joan Glenny-Pescov, Jiaming Hu, Stephan Schurer*
There is a one-to-one correspondance with rdf:label value and concept descriptions. Concept description starts with the prefix BAO_. contact: Stephan Schurer: stephan dot schurer at gmail dot com
created by: Uma Vempati, Hande Küçük, Ubbo Visser, Saminda Abeyruwan, Kunie Sakurai, Vance Lemmon, Stephan Schurer*
An annotation property that represents an ID used in the NIH LINCS project.
LINCS ID
An annotation property that represents a PubMed BioAssay Identifier accession number.
PubChem AID
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
alternative term
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
definition source
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
curator note
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
term tracker item
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology
An association that specifies one of three data types for a particular variable, String, Code or Number.
An association that shows which Permissible Values are possible for a specific PCDC EWS Variable concept.
An association that that connects a concept representing a GDC value to any associated GDC property concept(s).
An association that shows which Permissible Values are possible for a specific PCDC GCT Variable.
An association that shows which Permissible Values are possible for a specific PCDC OS Variable.
An association that shows which Permissible Values are possible for a specific PCDC HL Variable.
An association that shows which Permissible Values are possible for a specific DIPG/DMG Variable.
A property representing a concept unique identifier within the NCI Enterprise Vocabulary Service's NCI Thesaurus.
A property that represents a description of the sort of thing or category to which a concept belongs in the context of the UMLS semantic network.
In general, applying semantic types aids in allowing users (or computer programs) to draw conclusions about concepts by virtue of the categories to which they have been assigned. We use a set of semantic types developed for the UMLS Metathesaurus. There are currently 134 semantic types in the UMLS.
A property representing an alternative Preferred Name for use in some NCI systems.
A property representing the word or phrase that NCI uses by preference to refer to the concept.
A property representing the concept unique identifier (CUI) assigned by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). If a concept in any NCI-maintained knowledgebase exists in the NLM Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), NCI includes the NLM CUI among the information we provide about the concept.
A property representing the concept unique identifier (CUI) for those concepts that appear in NCI Metathesaurus but not in the National Library of Medicine Unified Medical Language System (NLM UMLS).
A property is used to indicate when a non-EVS entity has contributed to, and has a stake in, a concept. This is used where such entities, within or outside NCI, have indicated the need to be able to track their own concepts. A single concept can have multiple instances of this property if multiple entities have such a defined stake.
A property representing the English language definition of a concept from a source other than NCI.
A property representing a retired unique concept identifier created and stored as Concept Name by legacy EVS software. Use of these values was long discouraged, but continued as late as 2009 when creation of new values ceased and Concept Name was retired. Legacy values are intended solely to help resolve and update earlier coding.
A property representing that a term in another terminology has been mapped to a term in NCIt and describes the relationship between the mapped terms.
A property representing notations made by NCI vocabulary curators. They are intended to provide supplemental, unstructured information to the user or additional insight about the concept.
tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX never_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002161> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . ?x rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ?taxon ] ] . } WHERE { ?x never_in_taxon: ?taxon . }
A is mutually_spatially_disjoint_with B if both A and B are classes, and there exists no p such that p is part_of some A and p is part_of some B.
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX part_of: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> PREFIX mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002171> CONSTRUCT { part_of: a owl:ObjectProperty . [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?x ; a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty part_of: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?y ] ] } WHERE { ?x mutually_spatially_disjoint_with: ?y . }
mutually spatially disjoint with
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX present_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . ?witness rdfs:label ?label . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf ?x . ?witness rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . } WHERE { ?x present_in_taxon: ?taxon . BIND(IRI(CONCAT( "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175#", MD5(STR(?x)), "-", MD5(STR(?taxon)) )) as ?witness) BIND(CONCAT(STR(?x), " in taxon ", STR(?taxon)) AS ?label) }
The SPARQL expansion for this relation introduces new named classes into the ontology. For this reason it is likely that the expansion should only be performed during a QC pipeline; the expanded output should usually not be included in a published version of the ontology.
present in taxon
'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism'
'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature'
x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x).
An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class.
This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO
A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology.
Notes on the homology status of this class.
Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'.
Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species.
Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class.
Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class.
Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class.
Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies.
FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term
An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has broad synonym
disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
Reference database or publication source.
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.
An alternative label for a given entity such as a commonly used abbreviation or synonym.
has exact synonym
An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has narrow synonym
An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
has related synonym
An identifier is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
An association that connects the concept defining a particular terminology subset with concepts that belong to this subset.
label
A skos concept mapping used to link two concepts, indicating a high degree of confidence that the concepts can be used interchangeably.
A skos concept mapping used to state a hierarchical mapping link between two concepts where the DO concept is narrow (DO represents subtypes) and the xref is broad.
Assay performed to confirm activity of compounds identified in the primary screen. It can be performed as replicate measurements at a single screening concentration or as concentration-response assay.
Counter assays typically follow concentration-response assays to confirm the biological activity of chemical entities identified in the primary assays. Counter assays eliminate active compounds that do not act on the intended target. They are performed using related targets, e.g. a receptor isoform, a homologous gene, etc which are functionally distinct from the intended target. Counter assays are also performed to eliminate cytotoxic compounds. The actives from the primary assay are tested on cultured cells and the cell death is estimated commonly by measuring ATP concentration. Other example for a counter assays a FRET assay when the primary assay used absorption readout; luminescence readout when the primary assay measured fluorescence intensity, etc.
Same target, design, technology, format, but not necessarily the same throughput. For example primary, confirmatory, and concentration-response could be related by 'is identical to'
is binding site of
tagged with
has detected entity
is cell line of
has assay protocol
is assay protocol of
has associated disease
is associated disease of
has assay readout content
has assay readout content parametricity
has assay source
has assay title
has bioassay type
is bioassay type of
has assay readout type
has signal direction
has endpoint modifier
has phenotype
is phenotype of
is localized in
has concentration throughput
has repetition throughput
uses detection instrument
has assay footprint
silences
has gene symbol
is role of
is unit of
has unit
is detected by
has antibody source
recombinantly expressed in
has preparation method
has organism
has assay medium
has assay serum
is grown in
is transfected into
phenotype of
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
has function in
part of
has part
derives into
See also BFO_0001009
derives from
occurs in
bearer of
inheres in
contains process
X connected_to Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
connected to
has participant
participates in
is derived from
detects phenotype
has indicator
is described by
quantifies
has molecular phenotype
has morphological phenotype
has positive control
has negative control
has experimental setting
has DNA sequence
has concentration-point number
has passage number
has cell count
This describes the number of repeats of an entity (e.g., artificial regulatory element, cDNA, etc.) present in a DNA construct.
has copy number
This describes the number of repeats of a gene of interest cloned in a DNA construct.
has gene copy number
This describes the number of repeats of a cDNA of interest cloned in a DNA construct.
has cDNA copy number
This describes the number of repeats of an artificial regulatory element present in a DNA construct.
has artificial regulatory region copy number
has sequence
has protein sequence
has nucleic acid sequence
has RNA sequence
has shRNA sense sequence
has enzyme reaction temperature value
has sense strand sequence
has anti-sense strand sequence
has assay deposition date
A biosafety level is the level of biocontainment required to isolate hazardous biological agents in an enclosed facility. The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level of 1 to the highest at level 4. The levels are as follows: BSL1: Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in immunocompetent adult humans, and present minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment (definition from CDC). BSL2: Suitable for work involving agents that pose moderate hazards to personnel and the environment. It differs from BSL-1 in that 1) laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures; 2) access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted; and 3) all procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipment (definition from CDC). BSL3: Suitable for clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through inhalation route exposure. Laboratory personnel must receive specific training in handling pathogenic and potentially lethal agents, and must be supervised by scientists competent in handling infectious agents and associated procedures. All procedures involving the manipulation of infectious materials must be conducted within BSCs, other physical containment devices, or by personnel wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (definition from CDC). BSL4:
has biosafety level
pH approximates the negative logarithm (base 10) of the molar concentration of dissolved hydronium ions in a solution.
has assay pH value
It is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object in an assay.
has assay pressure value
has cell modification temperature value
has perturbagen incubation temperature value
has substrate incubation temperature value
It is the temperature at which the biological experiment was conducted.
has assay temperature value
It is the interval of time between the addition of a perturbagen, substrate or cell modification and the measurement of change, as observed by a detection method in the bioassay.
has incubation time value
It is the interval of time between the cell modification, namely transient transfection of plasmid DNA/ siRNA, viral transduction, etc and the measurement of change, as observed by a detection method in the bioassay.
has cell modification time value
has coupled substrate incubation time value
It is the interval of time between the enzyme activity measurement in a kinetic assay.
has enzyme reaction time value
It is the interval of time between the addition of a perturbagen and the measurement of change, as observed by a detection method in the bioassay.
has perturbagen incubation time value
It is the interval of time between the addition of an enzyme substrate and the measurement of change, as observed by a detection/ readout in a bioassay.
has substrate incubation time value
has coupled substrate incubation temperature value
The number of replicate measurements (repetitions) per concentration value used.
has repetition point-number
has wavelength value
is input data value of
has sequence position
The nucleotide number in the sense strand of a gene that marks the beginning and end of the shRNA probe.
has shRNA probe sense sequence position
The nucleotide number in the sense strand of a gene that marks the beginning and end of the siRNA probe.
has siRNA probe sense sequence position
has ligand incubation time value
The value (in conjunction with the signal direction) used to determine perturbagens of interest (hits.) Perturbagens with a readout value beyond the threshold in the direction of interest are considered active in the assay.
has activity threshold value
has excitation wavelength value
has emission wavelength value
has absorbance wavelength value
has recommended name
has value
reports assay measurment value
An EC 5.4.99.* (intramolecular transferase transferring other groups) inhibitor that interferes with the action of lanosterol synthase (EC 5.4.99.7).
EC 5.4.99.7 (lanosterol synthase) inhibitor
An EC 5.4.* (intramolecular transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any intramolecular transferase transferring other groups (EC 5.4.99.*).
EC 5.4.99.* (intramolecular transferase transferring other groups) inhibitors
inhibitor of intramolecular transferase transferring other groups
inhibitors of intramolecular transferase transferring other groups
intramolecular transferase transferring other groups inhibitor
intramolecular transferase transferring other groups inhibitors
EC 5.4.99.* (intramolecular transferase transferring other groups) inhibitor
A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.
An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.29).
EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitors
hypoxia-inducible factor-L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating) inhibitor
hypoxia-inducible factor-L-proline, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of (R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.40).
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase inhibitor
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate transaminase inhibitors
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase inhibitor
D-3-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase inhibitors
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase inhibitor
D-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate transaminase inhibitors
D-beta-aminoisobutyrate:pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
D-beta-aminoisobutyrate:pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.40 [(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase] inhibitors
beta-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
beta-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
beta-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase inhibitor
beta-aminoisobutyrate--pyruvate transaminase inhibitors
beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitor
beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.40 [(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminase] inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8).
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:histamine N-tele-methyltransferase inhibitors
S-adenosylmethionine-histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosylmethionine-histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitors
histamine 1-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor
An antagonist that interferes with the action of the calcium-binding messenger protein calmodulin.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates IP3 receptors.
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor antagonist
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor antagonists
inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonist
inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonists
A substance that activates any of the Wnt signalling pathway, a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell.
An agonist that binds to and activates formyl peptide receptors.
An EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (EC 1.14.99.66).
EC 1.14.99.66 (lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A) inhibitors
[histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine(4)FAD-dependent demethylase 1A inhibitor
[histone H3]-dimethyl-L-lysine(4)FAD-dependent demethylase 1A inhibitors
amine oxidase (flavin containing) domain 2 inhibitor
amine oxidase (flavin containing) domain 2 inhibitors
lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A inhibitor
lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A inhibitors
lysine-specific demethylase 1A inhibitor
lysine-specific demethylase 1A inhibitors
lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A inhibitor
lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.66 (lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A) inhibitor
Any compound that inhibits one or more steps in the pathway leading to the synthesis of hyaluronic acid.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
Any compound that inhibits the biosynthesis of teichoic acid.
A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7).
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitor
DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitors
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20).
ATP:[elongation factor 2] phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:[elongation factor 2] phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitors
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III inhibitor
calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III inhibitors
elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20) inhibitor
elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
A EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of channel-conductance-controlling ATPase (EC 3.6.3.49, also known as cystic fibrosis conductance regulator, CFCR).
ATP phosphohydrolase (channel-conductance-controlling) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (channel-conductance-controlling) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitors
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase (EC 3.6.3.49) inhibitor
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase (EC 3.6.3.49) inhibitors
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase inhibitor
channel-conductance-controlling ATPase inhibitors
cystic fibrosis conductance regulator inhibitor
cystic fibrosis conductance regulator inhibitors
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitors
cystic-fibrosis membrane-conductance-regulating protein inhibitor
cystic-fibrosis membrane-conductance-regulating protein inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates the dopamine receptor D2, the main receptor for all antipsychotic drugs.
An inhibitor that interferes with RUNX1 (runt-related transcription factor 1), a transcription factor protein that regulates the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells.
acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein inhibitor
acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein inhibitors
core-binding factor subunit alpha-2 inhibitor
core-binding factor subunit alpha-2 inhibitors
core-binding factor subunit alpha2 inhibitor
core-binding factor subunit alpha2 inhibitors
runt-related transcription factor 1 inhibitor
runt-related transcription factor 1 inhibitors
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates melatonin receptors.
An inhibitor of gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) at the transcriptional level through interference with Tat-mediated transactivation.
HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription antagonist
HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription antagonists
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat antagonist
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat antagonists
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat inhibitor
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat inhibitors
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activator of transcription antagonist
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activator of transcription antagonists
Any EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.17).
ATP:caldesmon O-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:caldesmon O-phosphotransferase inhibitors
ATP:protein phosphotransferase ((2+)/calmodulin-dependent) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase ((2+)/calmodulin-dependent) inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.17) inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.17) inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta inhibitors
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitor
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitors
CaM-regulated serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
CaM-regulated serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitors
caldesmon kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
caldesmon kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitor
calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitors
microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitor
microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.17 (Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
A dopamine agonist that binds to and activates the dopamine receptor D1.
An agonist that enhances the action of smoothened (SMO) receptor.
An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.1).
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) inhibitor
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitors
alpha-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor
alpha-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitors
gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitor
gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11).
EC 1.13.11.11 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitors
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitor
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitors
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (ring-opening) inhibitor
L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (ring-opening) inhibitors
tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) inhibitor
tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.11 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor
A compound used with herbicides that reduces the effect of the herbicide on crop plants or otherwise improves the selectivity of the herbicide for weed species over the crop plant.
An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2).
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitors
hydroxylase, collagen proline inhibitors
procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating) inhibitor
procollagen-L-proline,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating) inhibitors
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase inhibitor
procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase inhibitors
procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2) inhibitor
procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2) inhibitors
procollagen-proline dioxygenase inhibitor
procollagen-proline dioxygenase inhibitors
procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase inhibitor
procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase inhibitors
proline protocollagen hydroxylase inhibitor
proline protocollagen hydroxylase inhibitors
proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase inhibitor
proline, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase inhibitors
proline,2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase inhibitor
proline,2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase inhibitors
prolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, 4-hydroxylating inhibitor
prolyl-glycyl-peptide, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, 4-hydroxylating inhibitors
prolylprotocollagen dioxygenase inhibitor
prolylprotocollagen dioxygenase inhibitors
prolylprotocollagen hydroxylase inhibitor
prolylprotocollagen hydroxylase inhibitors
protocollagen proline 4-hydroxylase inhibitor
protocollagen proline 4-hydroxylase inhibitors
protocollagen proline dioxygenase inhibitor
protocollagen proline dioxygenase inhibitors
protocollagen proline hydroxylase inhibitor
protocollagen proline hydroxylase inhibitors
protocollagen prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor
protocollagen prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23).
EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase) inhibitors
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase inhibitor
beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase inhibitors
exo-(1->4)-beta-D-galactanase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase) inhibitor
An inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 inhibitor
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4 inhibitors
An antigen that is found in more than one species.
A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties.
Any EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on GTP that is involved in cellular and subcellular movement (EC 3.6.5.*).
EC 3.6.5.* (hydrolases acting on GTP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitors
EC 3.6.5.* (hydrolases acting on GTP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.5.* (hydrolases acting on GTP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dynamin GTPase (EC 3.6.5.5).
GTP phosphohydrolase (vesicle-releasing) inhibitor
GTP phosphohydrolase (vesicle-releasing) inhibitors
An agonist that binds to and activates farnesoid X receptors
A drug that makes increases the sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation therapy.
An inverse agonist that binds to the same receptor as a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist, but which induces a pharmacological response opposite to that agonist.
5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) receptor inverse agonist
5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) receptor inverse agonists
5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor inverse agonists
5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor inverse agonist
Any inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein.
Any antagonist of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1
lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonists
lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonist
A plant growth regulator that produces male sterility in plants by preventing pollen development, pollen shed, or pollen viability. This makes the plant adaptable to hybridization without the need for laborious hand pollination.
A compound that inhibits the oxidation of any fatty acid.
A EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17).
1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase inhibitor
1-naphthol glucuronyltransferase inhibitors
1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor
1-naphthol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitors
17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor
17beta-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitors
3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor
3alpha-hydroxysteroid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitors
4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor
4-hydroxybiphenyl UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.17 (glucuronosyltransferase) inhibitors
UDP glucuronic acid transferase inhibitors
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific; conformation-inverting) inhibitor
UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific; conformation-inverting) inhibitors
UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) inhibitor
UDP-glucuronate beta-D-glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific) inhibitors
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase inhibitor
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronyltransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.17 (glucuronosyltransferase) inhibitor
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates neuropeptide Y receptors.
Any protein kinase inhibitor that interferes with the action of salt-inducible kinase 2.
serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of deoxyhypusine synthase (EC 2.5.1.46).
(4-aminobutyl)lysine synthase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.46 (deoxyhypusine synthase) inhibitors
[eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor
[eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitors
[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine:spermidine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) inhibitor
[eIF5A-precursor]-lysine:spermidine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) inhibitors
spermidine:eIF5A-lysine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) inhibitor
spermidine:eIF5A-lysine 4-aminobutyltransferase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.46 (deoxyhypusine synthase) inhibitor
An activator that activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway.
hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activators
hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activator
EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
Any compound that inhibits the biosynthesis of any lipopolysaccharide.
lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitors
lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitor
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.108).
EC 3.5.1.108 (UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitors
UDP-(3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl))-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-(3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl))-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitors
UDP-(3-O-acyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-(3-O-acyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-((R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-((R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine amidohydrolase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine amidohydrolase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine amidohydrolase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase inhibitors
UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase inhibitor
UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.108 (UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitor
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralise the deleterious effects of barbiturates.
An antagonist that acts at the platelet-activating factor receptor.
platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists
platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist
An EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4).
E3 component of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes inhibitor
E3 component of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes inhibitors
EC 1.8.1.4 (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase) inhibitors
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase inhibitor
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase inhibitors
dihydrolipoamide:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
dihydrolipoamide:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
dihydrothioctic dehydrogenase inhibitors
glycine-cleavage system L-protein inhibitor
glycine-cleavage system L-protein inhibitors
lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH) inhibitor
lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH) inhibitors
lipoamide oxidoreductase (NADH) inhibitor
lipoamide oxidoreductase (NADH) inhibitors
protein-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
protein-6-N-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
protein-N(6)-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
protein-N(6)-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.8.1.4 (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8).
6-hydroxypurine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
6-mercaptopurine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
EC 2.4.2.8 (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitors
IMP:diphosphate phospho-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitor
guanine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
guanine-hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
guanosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylase inhibitor
guanosine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) inhibitor
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) inhibitors
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
inosine 5'-phosphate pyrophosphorylas inhibitore
inosinic acid pyrophosphorylase inhibitor
purine-6-thiol phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
EC 2.4.2.8 (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor
An inhibitor of peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.*) that inhibits the action of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7).
Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase inhibitor
Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase inhibitors
phenolic donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitor
phenolic donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitors
An antagonist that acts at the liver receptor homologue-1.
nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 antagonist
nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 antagonists
A prodrug that, on administration, undergoes chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active pesticide for which it is a propesticide.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active insecticide for which it is a proinsecticide.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active fungicide for which it is a profungicide.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active herbicide for which it is a proherbicide.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active insecticide for which it is a proacaricide.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active herbicide savener for which it is a prosafener.
Any inhibitor of S100 calcium-binding protein B.
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitors
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor
A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent.
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralise the nerve agent sarin.
An EC 4.4.1.* (C-S lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (EC 4.4.1.14).
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase inhibitor
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase inhibitors
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthetase inhibitor
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthetase inhibitors
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase inhibitor
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase inhibitors
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase inhibitor
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase inhibitors
EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-forming) inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-forming) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase inhibitors
aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase inhibitor
aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase inhibitors
aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase inhibitor
aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid synthase inhibitors
EC 4.4.1.14 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) inhibitor
Any compound that inihibits the mammalian protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4F.
eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitors
eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor
Any inhibitor of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4).
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitors
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30).
ATP:[receptor-protein] phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:[receptor-protein] phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.30 (receptor protein serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors
inhibitor of receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30) inhibitor
receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30) inhibitors
receptor protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
receptor protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
receptor serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor
receptor serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors
receptor type I serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor
receptor type I serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors
receptor type II serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor
receptor type II serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.30 (receptor protein serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates capsaicin receptors
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonist
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonists
A cardiovascular drug that tends to raise reduced blood pressure.
An agonist at the transient receptor potential cation channel A1 (TRPA1).
transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonist
transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 agonists
transient receptor potential cation channel A1 agonist
transient receptor potential cation channel A1 agonists
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cystathionine gamma-synthase (EC 2.5.1.48).
4-O-succinyl-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase inhibitor
4-O-succinyl-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.48 (cystathionine gamma-synthase) inhibitors
O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase inhibitor
O(4)-succinyl-L-homoserine:L-cysteine S-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)transferase inhibitors
O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding cysteine) inhibitor
O-succinyl-L-homoserine succinate-lyase (adding cysteine) inhibitors
O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase inhibitor
O-succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase inhibitors
O-succinylhomoserine synthase inhibitors
O-succinylhomoserine synthetase inhibitor
O-succinylhomoserine synthetase inhibitors
homoserine O-transsuccinylase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.48 (cystathionine gamma-synthase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146).
11beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
11beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor
11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors
11beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitor
11beta-hydroxysteroid:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitors
beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
corticosteroid 11beta-dehydrogenase inhibitor
corticosteroid 11beta-dehydrogenase inhibitors
dehydrogenase, 11beta-hydroxy steroid inhibitor
dehydrogenase, 11beta-hydroxy steroid inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Papio hamadryas.
Any psychotropic drug that induces anxiety or panic.
An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of caspase-3 (EC 3.4.22.56).
Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system
Any inhibitor of ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein.
ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein inhibitors
ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein inhibitor
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
Any pathway inhibitor that acts on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.
Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of the protein RhoA.
Ras homolog gene family, member A inhibitor
Ras homolog gene family, member A inhibitors
Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of the protein RhoC.
Ras homolog gene family, member C inhibitor
Ras homolog gene family, member C inhibitors
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD+ or NADP+ acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159).
7alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
7alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
7alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 7-oxidoreductase inhibitor
7alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD+ 7-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.159 (7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.159 (7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A hormone antagonist that acts at angiotensin receptors.
Any compound that induces the process of autophagy (the self-digestion of one or more components of a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell).
An antagonist that binds to and blocks the activity of prostaglandin receptors.
An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor (EC 6.3.5.*).
EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor
An EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.5).
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitors
HCO3(-):L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitor
HCO3(-):L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitors
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase inhibitor
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase inhibitors
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.5) inhibitor
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.5) inhibitors
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
carbamoylphosphate synthetase II inhibitor
carbamoylphosphate synthetase II inhibitors
carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine) inhibitor
carbamyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine) inhibitors
carbon-dioxide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitor
carbon-dioxide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitors
glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase inhibitor
glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase inhibitors
glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase inhibitor
glutamine-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase inhibitors
hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitor
hydrogen-carbonate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate-phosphorylating) inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
Any EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 'other carbon--nitrogen ligases.
EC 6.3.4.* (other carbon--nitrogen ligases) inhibitors
EC 6.3.4.* (other carbon--nitrogen ligases) inhibitor
Any EC 6.3.4.* (other carbon--nitrogen ligases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) (EC 6.3.4.2).
CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) (EC6.3.4.2) inhibitor
CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) (EC6.3.4.2) inhibitors
CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) inhibitor
CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing) inhibitors
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitors
UTP:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
UTP:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
cytidine triphosphate synthetase inhibitor
cytidine triphosphate synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor
Any EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3).
2-N-formyl-1-N-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
2-N-formyl-1-N-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitors
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide:L-glutamine amido-ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
formylglycinamide ribonucloetide amidotransferase inhibitor
formylglycinamide ribonucloetide amidotransferase inhibitors
formylglycinamide ribotide amidotransferase inhibitor
formylglycinamide ribotide amidotransferase inhibitors
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase inhibitor
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase inhibitors
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase inhibitor
phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase inhibitors
phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine synthetase inhibitor
phosphoribosylformylglycineamidine synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor
An EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.2).
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitors
GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase inhibitor
guanosine 5'-monophosphate synthetase inhibitors
guanosine monophosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitors
guanylate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitor
guanylate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitors
xanthosine 5'-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
xanthosine 5'-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
xanthosine-5'-phosphate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
xanthosine-5'-phosphate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
An antagonist that acts on glutamine receptors.
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39).
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) inhibitor
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) inhibitors
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing; D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-forming) inhibitor
3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing; D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-forming) inhibitors
D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
D-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
D-ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.39 (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) inhibitors
diphosphoribulose carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitor
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase inhibitors
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitor
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.39 (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidophosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.14).
5'-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
5'-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) inhibitor
5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) inhibitors
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
5-phosphoribosylamine:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) inhibitor
5-phosphoribosylamine:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) inhibitors
5-phosphororibosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
5-phosphororibosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitors
alpha-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
alpha-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
amidophosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.14) inhibitor
amidophosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.14) inhibitors
amidophosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
amidophosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors
glutamine 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
glutamine 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
glutamine ribosylpyrophosphate 5-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
glutamine ribosylpyrophosphate 5-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
phosphoribose pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
phosphoribose pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
phosphoribosyldiphosphate 5-amidotransferase inhibitor
phosphoribosyldiphosphate 5-amidotransferase inhibitors
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate glutamyl amidotransferase inhibitor
phosphoribosylpyrophosphate glutamyl amidotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor
Any EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.1).
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitors
NAD synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
NAD synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.1) inhibitor
NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.1) inhibitors
NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
NAD(+) synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitor
NAD(+) synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) inhibitors
deamido-NAD(+):L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
deamido-NAD(+):L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
desamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide amidotransferase inhibitor
desamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide amidotransferase inhibitors
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase (glutamine) inhibitor
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase (glutamine) inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
Any EC 6.3.5.* (carbon-nitrogen ligases with glutamine as amido-N-donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing), EC 6.3.5.4.
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitors
L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-aspartate:L-glutamine amido-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.4) inhibitor
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) (EC 6.3.5.4) inhibitors
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitor
asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing) inhibitors
glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase inhibitor
glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
Any compound that interferes with bacterial communication (quorum sensing, QS).
An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.
An EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor that inhibits the expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase.
PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor
PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitors
protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor
protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitors
An that interferes with the activity of any of the actin-binding kinases that phosphorylate members of the ADF/cofilin family of actin binding and filament severing proteins.
An agonist that activates IP3 receptors.
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor agonist
D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor agonists
inositol trisphosphate receptor agonists
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein O-GlcNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.255).
EC 2.4.1.255 (protein O-GlcNAc transferase) inhibitors
O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:protein-O-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl transferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:protein-O-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl transferase inhibitors
protein O-GlcNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.255) inhibitor
protein O-GlcNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.255) inhibitors
protein O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitor
protein O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors
uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.255 (protein O-GlcNAc transferase) inhibitor
An antagonist that attaches to and blocks melanin-concentrating hormone receptors.
melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonists
melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonist
An antagonist that attaches to and blocks nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate receptors.
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate receptor antagonists
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate receptor antagonist
A probe that is a small labelled and chemical active peptide which has been structurally modified for reacting with, for example, the beta-lactam moieties of various penicillin-type compounds.
EC 1.14.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen and with reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen and with reduced ascorbate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dopamine monooxygenase (EC 1.14.17.1).
(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine)beta-mono-oxygenase inhibitor
(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine)beta-mono-oxygenase inhibitors
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine beta-oxidase inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine beta-oxidase inhibitors
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating) inhibitors
4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol beta-oxidase inhibitor
4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol beta-oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitors
MDBH (membrane-associated dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
MDBH (membrane-associated dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitors
SDBH (soluble dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
SDBH (soluble dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitors
dopamine beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.17.1) inhibitor
dopamine beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.17.1) inhibitors
oxygenase, dopamine beta-mono-phenylamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor
oxygenase, dopamine beta-mono-phenylamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitors
EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
An agent that inhibits the passage of cations through the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
transient receptor potential channel blocker
transient receptor potential channel blockers
A chemical compound that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the compound.
An agonist that binds to and activates vitamin D receptors
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH), EC 1.3.1.9.
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitors
NADH-enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitor
NADH-enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors
NADH-specific enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitor
NADH-specific enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitors
enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase inhibitor
enoyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17).
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitors
L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming) inhibitor
L-ornithine carboxy-lyase (putrescine-forming) inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor
Any plant metabolite that is produced by the genus Jacobaea.
An agonist that binds to and activates lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptors.
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 agonists
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 agonist
An apoptosis inducer that works by selectively inhibiting survivin (BIRC5) gene promoter activity so as to down-regulate survivin, a protein that inhibits apoptosis, so leading to induction of apoptosis.
An agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4).
OSM9-like transient receptor potential channel, member 4 agonist
OSM9-like transient receptor potential channel, member 4 agonists
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 agonist
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 agonists
transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 agonists
vanilloid-receptor related osmotically activated channel agonist
vanilloid-receptor related osmotically activated channel agonists
Any plant metabolite that is produced by Camellia sinensis.
Any plant metabolite that is produced by rapeseed (Brassica napus).
Any antimicrobial agent whose activity is dependent on the presence of calcium ions.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37).
(S)-malate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
(S)-malate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
L-malate-NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-malate-NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-dependent malic dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent malic dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase inhibitors
malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) inhibitor
malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A class of cell signaling molecules enzymatically derived from n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation.
An antagonist at the neurokinin-3 receptor.
An agonist that binds to and deactivates the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, the main signaling receptor of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonists
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
An agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1).
transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 agonist
transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 agonists
Any plant metabolite that is produced by Arabidopsis thaliana.
Any inhibitor of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1). The level of SFRP1 affects osteoblast apoptosis and proliferation, so SFRP1 inhibitors have the potential to be used for the treatment of osteoporosis or other bone related disorders.
secreted frizzled-related protein 1 inhibitors
secreted frizzled-related protein-1 inhibitor
secreted frizzled-related protein-1 inhibitors
secreted frizzled-related protein 1 inhibitor
Any pathway inhibitor that inhibits the Hedgehog signalling pathway.
An inhibitor of any of the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates neuropeptide FF receptors.
An agonist that activates neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors.
An agonist that acts at the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R).
A mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor that acts at the Quinone 'outer' (Qo) binding site of the cytochrome-bc1 complex.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active nematicide for which it is a pronematicide.
An agonist at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.
5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonists
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B agonists
An agonist at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2C) receptor.
5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonists
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C agonists
Any EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.94).
(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating) inhibitor
(6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-(5S,12R)-5,12-dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate,[reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitors
leucotriene-B4 omega-hydroxylase inhibitor
leucotriene-B4 omega-hydroxylase inhibitors
leukotriene-B4 20-hydroxylase inhibitors
leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.94) inhibitors
leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase inhibitor
leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced Fe-S protein as one donor, incorporating 1 O atom) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alkane 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.3).
EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitors
alkane 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.3) inhibitor
alkane 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.3) inhibitors
alkane,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase inhibitor
alkane,reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15).
EC 4.1.1.15 (glutamate decarboxylase) inhibitors
L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase inhibitor
L-aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase inhibitors
L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase (4-aminobutanoate-forming) inhibitor
L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase (4-aminobutanoate-forming) inhibitors
L-glutamate alpha-decarboxylase inhibitor
L-glutamate alpha-decarboxylase inhibitors
L-glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitors
gamma-glutamate decarboxylase inhibitors
glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) inhibitor
glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.15 (glutamate decarboxylase) inhibitor
A chemical that inhibits the aggregation of the tau protein (HGNC:MAPT) and its distinct morphological forms (e.g. paired helical fragments (PHFs), straight filaments (SFs), oligomers, or larger aggregates).
EC 2.5.1.117 (homogentisate solanesyltransferase) inhibitor
Any transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulator that modulates the TRPV channels (V = vanilloid). There is strong evidence that action at one or more of this class of proteins is responsible for the insecticidal action of pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, and afidopyropen.
transient receptor potential (vanilloid) channel modulator
transient receptor potential (vanilloid) channel modulators
An agent that modulates the passage of cations through the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.
Any inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase, a bifunctional enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPHX2 gene.Found in both the cytosol and peroxisomes it binds to specific epoxides and converts them into the corresponding diols.
EC 3.3.2.10 (soluble epoxide hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases (EC 2.1.3.*).
EC 2.1.3.* (carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases) inhibitors
EC 2.1.3.* (carboxytransferase and carbamoyltransferase) inhibitor
EC 2.1.3.* (carboxytransferase and carbamoyltransferase) inhibitors
carboxy- and carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.*) inhibitor
carboxy- and carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.*) inhibitors
EC 2.1.3.* (carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases) inhibitor
Any EC 2.1.3.* (carboxy- and carbamoyltransferases) inhibitor that inhibits the action of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3).
EC 2.1.3.3 (ornithine carbamoyltransferase) inhibitors
L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor
L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitors
L-ornithine carbamyltransferase inhibitor
L-ornithine carbamyltransferase inhibitors
carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor
carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitors
carbamylphosphate-ornithine transcarbamylase inhibitor
carbamylphosphate-ornithine transcarbamylase inhibitors
ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) inhibitor
ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) inhibitors
ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitor
ornithine carbamoyltransferase inhibitors
ornithine carbamyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.3.3 (ornithine carbamoyltransferase) inhibitor
A chemical role played by any unwanted chemical substance inside a confined amount of liquid, gas, or solid, which differs from the chemical composition of the material or compound. For example, an impurity can be an undesired by-product of a chemical reaction or manufacturing process, a drug contaminant, or can be created upon degradation during storage.
Any peptide which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
Any carbohydrate, carbohydrate derivative or derived substituent group which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
Any ceramide which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
Any EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sterol 14alpha-demethylase (EC 1.14.14.154).
EC 1.14.14.154 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitors
lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitor
lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitors
oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving) inhibitors
sterol 14alpha-demethylase (EC 1.14.14.154) inhibitor
sterol 14alpha-demethylase (EC 1.14.14.154) inhibitors
sterol,[reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen inhibitor
sterol,[reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.154 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40).
phosphoenol transphosphorylase inhibitor
phosphoenol transphosphorylase inhibitors
Any EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced Fe-S protein as one donor, incorporating 1 O atom) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) (EC 1.14.15.6).
C27-side chain cleavage enzyme inhibitor
C27-side chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors
cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) inhibitor
cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) inhibitors
cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitor
cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors
cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme inhibitor
cholesterol side-chain-cleaving enzyme inhibitors
EC 1.14.15.6 cholesterol monooxygenase (side-chain-cleaving) inhibitor
Any EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of L-amino-acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.2).
EC 1.4.3.2 (L-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitors
L-amino-acid oxidase inhibitor (EC 1.4.3.2) inhibitor
L-amino-acid oxidase inhibitor (EC 1.4.3.2) inhibitors
L-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
L-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
EC 1.4.3.2 (L-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor
EC 2.6.1.2 (alanine transaminase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (EC 2.7.1.105).
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
fructose 6-phosphate 2-kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.105 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of retinoid isomerohydrolase (EC 3.1.1.64).
EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitors
all-trans-retinol isomerase:hydrolase inhibitor
all-trans-retinol isomerase:hydrolase inhibitors
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase inhibitor
all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase inhibitors
all-trans-retinylester 11-cis isomerohydrolase inhibitor
all-trans-retinylester 11-cis isomerohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor
An antigenic substance produced in tumour cells, which triggers an immune response in the host.
cluster of differentiation 88 antagonist
cluster of differentiation 88 antagonists
complement component 5a receptor 1 antagonist
complement component 5a receptor 1 antagonists
EC 3.6.5.2 (small monomeric GTPase) inhibitor
An antagonist that binds to and blocks sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the lipid signalling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonist
Any sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) antagonist that acts as an antagonist towards the subtype 3 receptors (S1PR3).
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 antagonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 antagonist
Any sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) antagonist that acts as an antagonist for the subtype 1 receptors (S1PR1).
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonist
An agent that destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis.
Any inhibitor that interferes with the synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA, also known as hyaluronan).
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42).
NADP(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase inhibitors
NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors
dual-cofactor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitor
dual-cofactor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors
isocitrate (NADP) dehydrogenase inhibitor
isocitrate (NADP) dehydrogenase inhibitors
isocitrate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase inhibitor
isocitrate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase inhibitors
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitor
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitors
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) inhibitor
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) inhibitors
triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase-oxalosuccinate carboxylase inhibitor
triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase-oxalosuccinate carboxylase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21).
serine/threonine-specific Drosophila kinase polo inhibitor
serine/threonine-specific Drosophila kinase polo inhibitors
Any inhibitor that acts on uncoupling protein.
mitochondrial uncoupling protein inhibitor
mitochondrial uncoupling protein inhibitors
An antogonist that blocks C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4).
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonists
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 antagonist
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 antagonists
chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 antagonist
chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 antagonists
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist
Any inhibitor that acts on forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1).
Any EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits the action of aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11).
EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitors
L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
L-aspartate-4-semialdehyde:NADP+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosporylating) inhibitor
L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde:NADP oxidoreductase (phosporylating) inhibitors
aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11) inhibitor
aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11) inhibitors
aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
aspartic beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
aspartic beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.11 (aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis (a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque). Compare with antiatherogenic agent.
An agonist at the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor.
5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonists
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A agonists
A cannabinoid receptor agonist that binds to and activates type 2 cannabinoid receptors.
Any substance that produces or enhances dream-like states of consciousness.
An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of SARS coronavirus main proteinase (EC 3.4.22.69).
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitors
SARS coronavirus 3CL protease inhibitors
SARS coronavirus main peptidase inhibitor
SARS coronavirus main peptidase inhibitors
SARS coronavirus main protease inhibitor
SARS coronavirus main protease inhibitors
SARS coronavirus main proteinase inhibitor
SARS coronavirus main proteinase inhibitors
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main protease inhibitor
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main protease inhibitors
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.17.* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23).
EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitors
angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor
angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors
angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitor
angiotensin converting enzyme-2 inhibitors
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the action of a metallocarboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.17.*).
EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitor
EC 3.4.17* (metallocarboxypeptidase) inhibitors
Any inhibitor added to nitrogen fertilizers which can reduce the rate at which ammonium is converted to nitrate. Under appropriate conditions, this can help reduce nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching.
A reagent used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to react covalently with radical products whose half-life is be too short to detect. The resulting adducts are more stable enabling their paramagnetic resonance spectra to be obtained.
Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting.
Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
An EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ATP citrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.8).
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor
ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO(-)->acetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating) inhibitor
ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-S)-CH2COO(-)->acetyl-CoA] (ATP-dephosphorylating) inhibitors
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitors
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing, ADP-phosphorylating) inhibitor
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate acetyltransferase (isomerizing, ADP-phosphorylating) inhibitors
adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase inhibitor
adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase inhibitors
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.36).
EC 3.4.21.36 (pancreatic elastase) inhibitors
pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.36) inhibitor
pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.36) inhibitors
EC 3.4.21.36 (pancreatic elastase) inhibitor
An antogonist that blocks chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2).
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 antagonist
C-C chemokine receptor type 2 antagonists
Any compound that activates Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-ATPase (EC 7.2.2.10).
Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-ATPase activator
Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-ATPase activators
A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity.
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits DNA topoisomerase II.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells).
mucosal associated invariant T cell agonist
mucosal associated invariant T cell agonists
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of furin (EC 3.4.21.75).
paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme inhibitor
paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme inhibitors
paired basic amino acid converting enzyme inhibitor
paired basic amino acid converting enzyme inhibitors
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.109).
EC 2.4.1.109 (dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase) inhibitors
dolichol phosphomannose-protein mannosyltransferase inhibitor
dolichol phosphomannose-protein mannosyltransferase inhibitors
dolichyl-D-mannosyl-phosphate:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitor
dolichyl-D-mannosyl-phosphate:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitors
dolichyl-phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitor
dolichyl-phosphate-D-mannose:protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitors
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein mannosyltransferase inhibitor
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose--protein mannosyltransferase inhibitors
protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitor
protein O-D-mannosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.109 (dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase) inhibitor
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
An EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of renin (EC 3.4.23.15).
A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates neuropilin receptors.
Any compound that exhibits antagonist activity at the kappa-opioid receptor.
A substance which is poisonous to fish and is primarily used to eliminate dominant species of fish in water.
Any insecticide that is capable of killing egg cells.
Any inhibitor which inhibits the activity of cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 protein (CPSF3).
cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3 inhibitor
cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3 inhibitors
cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 KDa subunit inhibitor
cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 KDa subunit inhibitors
cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 inhibitor
cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 inhibitors
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that specifically inhibits the action of lysine-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.6).
EC 6.1.1.6 (lysine--tRNA ligase) inhibitors
L-lysine:tRNA(Lys) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-lysine:tRNA(Lys) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
lysyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitors
lysyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitor
lysyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.1.1.6 (lysine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.43).
EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.43 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) inhibitor
Any substance that inhibits the process of necroptosis (programmed form of necrosis) in organisms.
A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a RNA-directed RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48).
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitors
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitor
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitors
RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
RNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymeras inhibitor
ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymeras inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
An antiparasitic agent which is effective against amoeba, a genus of single-celled amoeboids in the family Amoebidae.
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of mRNA m6A methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.348).
EC 2.1.1.348 (mRNA m6A methyltransferase) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.348 (mRNA m6A methyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acetylornithine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.11).
2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase inhibitor
2-N-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate 5-aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.11 (acetylornithine transaminase) inhibitors
N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
N(2)-acetylornithine 5-transaminase inhibitor
N(2)-acetylornithine 5-transaminase inhibitors
N-acetylornithine aminotransferase inhibitor
N-acetylornithine aminotransferase inhibitors
N-acetylornithine-delta-transaminase inhibitor
N-acetylornithine-delta-transaminase inhibitors
acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase inhibitor
acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase inhibitors
acetylornithine aminotransferase inhibitor
acetylornithine aminotransferase inhibitors
acetylornithine delta-transaminase inhibitor
acetylornithine delta-transaminase inhibitors
succinylornithine aminotransferase inhibitor
succinylornithine aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.11 (acetylornithine transaminase) inhibitor
An antimicrobial agent that is added to cosmetic formulations to maintain the microbiological safety of the products by inhibiting the growth of fungi or bacteria.
Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of inositol-phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.25).
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitors
L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor
L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase inhibitors
inositol monophosphate phosphatase inhibitor
inositol monophosphate phosphatase inhibitors
inositol phosphate phosphatase inhibitor
inositol phosphate phosphatase inhibitors
inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase inhibitor
inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase inhibitors
inositol-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor
inositol-phosphate phosphatase inhibitors
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase inhibitor
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase inhibitors
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor
myo-inositol-1(or 4)-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor
Any agent that inhibits voltage-dependent anion channels.
voltage-dependent anion channel blockers
voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitors
voltage-dependent anion-selective channel blocker
voltage-dependent anion-selective channel blockers
voltage-dependent anion-selective channel inhibitor
voltage-dependent anion-selective channel inhibitors
voltage-dependent anion channel inhibitor
Any substance which inhibits thioredoxin, a group of small redox proteins.
An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5..
An inhibitor of peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.*) that inhibits the action of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9).
EC 1.11.1.9 (glutathione peroxidase) inhibitors
reduced glutathione peroxidase inhibitor
reduced glutathione peroxidase inhibitors
selenium-glutathione peroxidase inhibitor
selenium-glutathione peroxidase inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.9 (glutathione peroxidase) inhibitor
Any substance that induces the polymerisation of the protein actin.
Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
An inhibitor which inhibits the action of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1.
apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 inhibitor
apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 inhibitors
ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 inhibitors
ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 inhibitor
A substance to which an electron may be transferred.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase (EC 2.7.11.2).
EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitors
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor
[pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitors
pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase inhibitor
pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase inhibitors
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activator protein inhibitor
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activator protein inhibitors
pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates somatostatin receptors.
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
A mainly tumour-specific antigen generated by mutations in tumour cells. Neoantigens are only expressed in tumour cells.
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52).
EC 3.2.1.52 (beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase) inhibitors
N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase inhibitor
N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase inhibitors
beta-D-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors
beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase inhibitor
beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase inhibitors
beta-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase inhibitor
beta-acetylaminodeoxyhexosidase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.52 (beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.91).
EC 1.14.14.91 ( trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) inhibitors
cinnamic acid 4-monooxygenase inhibitors
cytochrome P450 cinnamate 4-hydroxylase inhibitor
cytochrome P450 cinnamate 4-hydroxylase inhibitors
trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase inhibitors
trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase inhibitor
trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase inhibitors
trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase inhibitor
trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.91 ( trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase) inhibitor
Any herbicide composed of urea or substituted urea substructure.
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of kexin (EC 3.4.21.61).
Kex2-like precursor protein processing endoprotease inhibitor
Kex2-like precursor protein processing endoprotease inhibitors
andrenorphin-Gly-generating enzyme inhibitor
andrenorphin-Gly-generating enzyme inhibitors
prohormone-processing KEX2 proteinase inhibitor
prohormone-processing KEX2 proteinase inhibitors
prohormone-processing endoprotease inhibitor
prohormone-processing endoprotease inhibitors
prohormone-processing proteinase inhibitor
prohormone-processing proteinase inhibitors
a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimulus.
An antagonist at the protease-activated receptor-2.
G-protein coupled receptor 11 antagonist
G-protein coupled receptor 11 antagonists
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 antagonist
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 antagonists
protease-activated receptor 2 antagonist
protease-activated receptor 2 antagonists
protease-activated receptor-2 antagonists
protease-activated receptor-2 antagonist
Any receptor modulator acting on sigma receptors.
A sigma receptor modulator that activates the sigma-2 receptor.
Any compound that mimics the activity of a ceramide, e.g. by inducing tumor cell death or suppression.
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24).
EC 3.2.1.24 (alpha-mannosidase) inhibitors
p-nitrophenyl-alpha-mannosidase inhibitor
p-nitrophenyl-alpha-mannosidase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.24 (alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor
A cannabinoid receptor agonist that binds to and activates type 1 cannabinoid receptors.
A chemical or biochemical compound that is introduced in small concentrations to a living system to promote the biosynthesis of the target bioactive compound.
An EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme (EC 6.2.1.45).
E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitor
E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitors
EC 6.2.1.45 (E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme) inhibitors
ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor
ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 inhibitors
EC 6.2.1.45 (E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme) inhibitor
An agonist at the neurokinin-1 receptor.
An agonist at the protease-activated receptor-1.
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor agonist
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor agonists
coagulation factor II thrombin receptor agonist
coagulation factor II thrombin receptor agonists
proteinase-activated receptor 1 agonists
An agonist that binds to and activates piezo1 receptors.
piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 agonist
piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 agonists
piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 agonist
piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 agonists
Any inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter.
mitochondrial calcium uniporter blockers
mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitors
mitochondrial calcium uniporter inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors.
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor agonists
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonists
gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor agonist
Any agent that interferes with the activity of T-type calcium channels.
A class of diuretics which promote aquaresis (the excretion of water without electrolyte loss).
An agonist that activates NOD1 receptors.
caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 4 agonist
caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 4 agonists
nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 1 agonist
nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 1 agonists
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 agonist
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 agonists
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
An activator of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ornithine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13).
EC 2.6.1.13 (ornithine aminotransferase) inhibitors
L-ornithine 5-aminotransferase inhibitor
L-ornithine 5-aminotransferase inhibitors
L-ornithine:alpha-ketoglutarate -aminotransferase inhibitor
L-ornithine:alpha-ketoglutarate -aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine--oxo-acid transaminase inhibitor
ornithine--oxo-acid transaminase inhibitors
ornithine-2-oxoacid aminotransferase inhibitor
ornithine-2-oxoacid aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine-keto acid aminotransferase inhibitor
ornithine-keto acid aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine-keto acid transaminase inhibitor
ornithine-keto acid transaminase inhibitors
ornithine-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
ornithine-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine-oxo acid aminotransferase inhibitor
ornithine-oxo acid aminotransferase inhibitors
ornithine:alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
ornithine:alpha-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.13 (ornithine aminotransferase) inhibitor
Any inhibitor that acts on insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins.
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein inhibitors
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein inhibitor
An EC 2.7.12.* [dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of dual-specificity kinase (EC 2.7.12.1).
Arabidopsis dual specificity kinase 1 inhibitor
Arabidopsis dual specificity kinase 1 inhibitors
EC 2.7.12.1 (dual-specificity kinase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.12.1 (dual-specificity kinase) inhibitor
An inhibitor that interferes with the action of PCNA.
proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibitor
proliferating cell nuclear antigen inhibitors
Any sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) antagonist that acts as an antagonist for the subtype 2 receptors (S1PR2).
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonist
An EC 3.5.3.* (non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of arginase (EC 3.5.3.1).
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.3.*).
EC 3.5.3.* (non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.3.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.3.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.3.* (non-peptide linear amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An antagonist at any calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor.
calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists
calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 inhibitor
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 inhibitors
A solvent used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19).
3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase inhibitor
3-enol-pyruvoylshikimate-5-phosphate synthase inhibitors
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19) inhibitor
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19) inhibitors
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor
3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitors
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:3-phosphoshikimate 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-transferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:3-phosphoshikimate 5-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-transferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
A mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor that interferes with the action of ATP synthase.
A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
An EC 2.2.1.* (transketolase/transaldolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acetolactate synthase (EC 2.2.1.6).
EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors
acetolactate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating) inhibitor
acetolactate pyruvate-lyase (carboxylating) inhibitors
acetolactate synthase (EC 2.2.1.6) inhibitor
acetolactate synthase (EC 2.2.1.6) inhibitors
alpha-acetohydroxy acid synthetase inhibitor
alpha-acetohydroxy acid synthetase inhibitors
alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitor
alpha-acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors
alpha-acetolactate synthetase inhibitors
pyruvate:pyruvate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
pyruvate:pyruvate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor
Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
alpha-1-microglobulin-Ig alpha complex chromophores
A substance that prevents pests from feeding.
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.
Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
complement component 3a receptor 1 antagonist
complement component 3a receptor 1 antagonists
A sigma receptor modulator that activates the sigma-1 receptor.
beta-catenin - TCF interaction inhibitor
Benzoic acid, 2-phenoxy-, 2-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methylene]hydrazide
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of [histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.354).
EC 2.1.1.354 ([histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase) inhibitors
[histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase inhibitor
[histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.354 ([histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase) inhibitor
A substance that inhibits any of the WNK signalling pathway.
lysine deficient protein kinase (WNK) signaling inhibitor
lysine deficient protein kinase (WNK) signaling inhibitors
with no lysine [K] (WNK) pathway inhibitor
with no lysine [K] (WNK) pathway inhibitors
with-no-lysine (WNK) protein kinase signaling inhibitor
with-no-lysine (WNK) protein kinase signaling inhibitors
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates trace amine-associated receptor 1.
trace amine associated receptor 1 agonist
trace amine associated receptor 1 agonists
trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists
trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist
Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale.
Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of heat shock factor 1.
An insecticide compound naturally occurring in plants.
Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 1.
sodium glucose co-transporter 1 inhibitor
sodium glucose co-transporter 1 inhibitors
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 1 inhibitors
sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor
sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitors
solute carrier family 5 member 1 inhibitor
solute carrier family 5 member 1 inhibitors
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 1 inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.153).
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitors
type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor
type I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.153 (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor
Any inhibitor of complement component 5.
An antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) are a family of functionally and structurally related proteins that serve as endogenous inhibitors of programmed cell death (apoptosis).
inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist
inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonists
chromosomal region maintenance 1 inhibitor
chromosomal region maintenance 1 inhibitors
Any substance that inhibits the action of glucose transporters.
Any glucose transporter inhibitor that interferes with the action of glucose transporter 1.
solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 inhibitor
solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 inhibitors
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Such compounds reduce the secretion of H(+) ions by the proximal kidney tubule.
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitors
carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming) inhibitor
carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming) inhibitors
carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitor
carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
A EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34).
(1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase inhibitor
(1,3)-beta-glucan (callose) synthase inhibitors
1,3-beta-D-glucan--UDP glucosyltransferase inhibitor
1,3-beta-D-glucan--UDP glucosyltransferase inhibitors
1,3-beta-D-glucan-UDP glucosyltransferase inhibitor
1,3-beta-D-glucan-UDP glucosyltransferase inhibitors
1,3-beta-glucan-uridine diphosphoglucosyltransferase inhibitor
1,3-beta-glucan-uridine diphosphoglucosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.34 (1,3-beta-glucan synthase) inhibitors
UDP-glucose--1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose--1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-D-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-glucose-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-glucose:(1,3)beta-glucan synthase inhibitor
UDP-glucose:(1,3)beta-glucan synthase inhibitors
UDP-glucose:1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose:1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucose-1,3-beta-glucan glucosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.34 (1,3-beta-glucan synthase) inhibitor
A substance intended to sterilize any organism.
An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.12).
EC 2.4.2.12 (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor inhibitors
nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase inhibitor
nicotinamide mononucleotide pyrophosphorylase inhibitors
nicotinamide mononucleotide synthetase inhibitor
nicotinamide mononucleotide synthetase inhibitors
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor
nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors
nicotinamide-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitor
nicotinamide-nucleotide:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.12 (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor
Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain inhibitor
Bromo- and Extra-Terminal domain inhibitors
interleukin 8 receptor, beta antagonists
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fumarate reductase (NADH) (EC 1.3.1.6).
EC 1.3.1.6 (fumarate reductase (NADH)) inhibitors
NADH-dependent fumarate reductase inhibitor
NADH-dependent fumarate reductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.6 (fumarate reductase (NADH)) inhibitor
A drug that induces seizures or increases their severity.
Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the kidneys.
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inhibitor
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inhibitors
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inhibitor
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inhibitors
PYRIN-containing APAF1-like protein 1 inhibitor
PYRIN-containing APAF1-like protein 1 inhibitors
1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate
bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid disodium salt
cyclohexylmethyl-[(2S)-3-[[(1S)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino]-2-hydroxypropyl]phosphinic acid
The part (atom or group of atoms) of a molecular entity in which the electronic transition responsible for a given spectral band is approximately localized.
5-(5-(7-(Trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-ylthio)pentyloxy)-2-(morpholinomethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one dihydrochloride
A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central calcium atom at two or more points.
Any product obtained as a result of mass spectrometer degradation.
G protein-coupled receptor 105 antagonist
G protein-coupled receptor 105 antagonists
An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of [histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine(27) demethylase (EC 1.14.11.68).
EC 1.14.11.68 ([histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine(27) demethylase) inhibitors
[histone H3]-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine-27,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
[histone H3]-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine-27,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
[histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine(27) demethylase inhibitor
[histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine(27) demethylase inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.68 ([histone H3]-trimethyl-L-lysine(27) demethylase) inhibitor
Any agent which acts to reduce fibrosis.
Any compound that can sensitise tumour cells to chemotherapy.
A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons.
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein O-GlcNAcase (EC 3.2.1.169).
EC 3.2.1.169 (protein O-GlcNAcase) inhibitors
[protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine/threonine N-acetylglucosaminyl hydrolase inhibitor
[protein]-3-O-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-L-serine/threonine N-acetylglucosaminyl hydrolase inhibitors
glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase inhibitor
glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.169 (protein O-GlcNAcase) inhibitor
oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 inhibitor
oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 inhibitors
oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 inhibitor
oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 inhibitors
oligodendrocyte transcription factor inhibitor
oligodendrocyte transcription factor inhibitors
A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.
A herbicide which when sprayed or dusted on plants causes its leaves to fall off.
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17.
Any vitamin that dissolves in fats and are stored in body tissues. Unlike the water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess.
A substance used to destroy fungal pests.
An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2).
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitors
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitor
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitors
glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
A substance used to destroy plant pests.
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
A growth regulator that inhibits the life cycle of an insect.
Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.
A role played by a chemical agent which exhibits the capability of occupying space between DNA base pairs due to particular properties in size, shape and charge. Intercalation of chemical compounds in DNA helix can result in replication errors (shift, mutation) or DNA damages.
A compound which can carry specific ions through membranes of cells or organelles.
Any ionophore capable of transportation of iron ions across membranes.
The jasmonates (JAs) are a group of plant hormones which help regulate plant growth and development.
A low-molecular-mass compound present in bioluminescent organisms that emits light when oxidized in presence of enzyme luciferase.
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors
mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor
mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms).
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
A class of neuro-active insecticides that act at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
A role played by signal molecules produced by the symbiotic bacteria that trigger nodule formation (typically on the host plant roots).
A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume.
A substance that increases the efficacy of a pesticide.
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
A semiochemical used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behaviour.
photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor
A toxin made by a plant that acts against an organism attacking it.
An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light.
A chemical, natural or artificial, that can affect the rate of growth of a plant.
A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity.
A molecular messenger released by an organism that affects the behaviour within or between species.
Any of low-molecular-mass iron(III)-chelating compounds produced by microorganisms for the purpose of the transport and sequestration of iron.
A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.
A synthetic compound exhibiting auxin activity.
systemic acquired resistance inducing compounds
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Any plant metabolite that is found naturally as a component of a volatile oil.
Any vitamin that dissolves in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine.
A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions.
A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.
An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.
A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes. The term "vitamines" (from vita + amines) was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk, who believed that these compounds were amines.
A substance that kills or slows the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.
A substance used to destroy rodent pests.
A substance used to destroy bird pests (class Aves).
A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life.
An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease.
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Mollusca.
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces.
A part of a molecular entity (atom or group of atoms) in which electronic excitation associated with a given emission band is approximately localized.
A role played by a foreign substance mixed with or attached to a given substance to enable the distribution or location of the latter to be determined subsequently.
A role played by a chemical compound with properties similar to those of the substance being traced with which it is mixed homogeneously.
A tracer which only differs in isotopic composition from the substance to be traced.
A tracer containing a radioactive label.
A physical tracer is one that is attached by physical means to the object being traced.
A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.
A role played by a stable paramagnetic group that is attached to a part of a molecular entity whose microscopic environment is of interest and may be revealed by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.
A substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction.
A small molecule which increases (activator) or decreases (inhibitor) the activity of an (allosteric) enzyme by binding to the enzyme at the regulatory site (which is different from the substrate-binding catalytic site).
Any substance or mixture of substances that, in solution (typically aqueous), resists change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base.
A role played by a stable paramagnetic molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy without covalent attachment to the molecular entity of interest.
A fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas which has formed over many years through the decomposition of deposited vegetation which was under extreme pressure of an overburden of earth.
Material containing fissile nuclides, which when placed in a reactor, enables a chain reaction to be achieved.
Any pharmaceutical compound containing a radioisotope.
Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system.
A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).
A substance used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations.
An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1).
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitors
angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor
angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I inhibitors
endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitor
endothelial cell peptidyl dipeptidase inhibitors
peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitor
peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitors
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.
A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system.
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function.
A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour.
Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions.
An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect.
Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.
A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors.
A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.
An EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)), EC 1.2.1.3.
CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitor
EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitors
NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitor
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitors
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitor
aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitors
m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
propionaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state. An antipyretic will not affect the normal body temperature if one does not have fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override an interleukin-induced increase in temperature. The body will then work to lower the temperature and the result is a reduction in fever.
A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.
An agent that selectively binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors.
An agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.
A drug which lowers the blood glucose level.
An agent that binds to but does not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic agonists. beta-Adrenergic antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches and anxiety.
A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 (cyclooxygenase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitors
cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1) inhibitors
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase inhibitor
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
An agent that selectively binds to and activates alpha-adrenergic receptors.
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor which interferes with the activity of the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), EC 3.1.3.48, involved in the removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins.
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitors
[phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitor
[phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitors
phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitor
phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitors
phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitor
phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitors
phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitor
phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitors
phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitor
phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitors
protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor
protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors
protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitor
protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitors
protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor
protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors
tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor
tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
An EC 3.5.2.* (non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6).
penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase inhibitor
penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase inhibitors
An EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2).
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitors
hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase inhibitors
hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
hypoxanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitor
xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) inhibitors
xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
xanthine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
An inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme.
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor
Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.
A drug that binds to and activates histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications, histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically.
A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood).
An agent used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.
A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
A substance that suppresses Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
An agent useful in the treatment or prevention of coccidiosis in man or animals.
Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.
A gout suppressant that acts directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.
A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
A drug that increases uric acid excretion by the kidney (uricosuric drug), decreases uric acid production (antihyperuricemic), or alleviates the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout.
A drug used for its effect on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume.
A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes.
An agent that has an affinity for serotonin receptors and is able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. Serotonin agonists are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of migraine disorders.
A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections.
A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases.
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
A drug used in the treatment of infections with bacteria of the genus Treponema.
A substance that is used in the treatment of syphilis.
A drug used to treat infestations with arthropods of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
A drug that stimulates contraction of the myometrium. Oxytocics are used to induce labour, obstetric at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion haemorrhage, and to assess foetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (abortifacients).
An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.
Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block.
A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder Trypanosomatida.
A compound which stimulates anabolism and inhibits catabolism. Anabolic agents stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
An agent that promotes the production and release of interferons.
Any EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16).
3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase phosphatase inhibitor
3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase phosphatase inhibitors
Aspergillus awamori acid protein phosphatase inhibitor
Aspergillus awamori acid protein phosphatase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.16 (protein serine/threonine phosphatase) inhibitors
HMG-CoA reductase phosphatase inhibitors
branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase inhibitor
branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase phosphatase inhibitors
phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) inhibitor
phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) inhibitors
phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase inhibitor
phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase inhibitors
phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase inhibitor
phosphopyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase inhibitors
polycation modulated (PCM-) phosphatase inhibitor
polycation modulated (PCM-) phosphatase inhibitors
protein serine/threonine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) inhibitors
protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor
protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors
serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase inhibitor
serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor
A substance administered to enhance contrast in images of the inside of the body obtained using X-rays, gamma-rays, sound waves, radio waves (MRI), or radioactive particles in order to diagnose disease.
A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays.
An EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6).
C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitor
C ribonucleic acid formation factors inhibitors
DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
DNA-dependent RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
DNA-dependent ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
DNA-directed nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors
nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
ribonucleic acid nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitor
ribonucleic acid transcriptase inhibitors
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases).
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinases.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13).
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitors
calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitor
calcium-dependent protein kinase C inhibitors
calcium-independent protein kinase C inhibitor
calcium-independent protein kinase C inhibitors
calcium/phospholipid dependent protein kinase inhibitor
calcium/phospholipid dependent protein kinase inhibitors
protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13) inhibitor
protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitor
choline esterase II (unspecific) inhibitors
A hormone that specifically regulates growth.
A plant growth regulator that modulates the formation of stems, leaves and flowers, as well as the development and ripening of fruit. The term includes endogenous and non-endogenous compounds (e.g. active compounds produced by bacteria on the leaf surface) as well as semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.
An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors.
An agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists.
An agent that binds to but does not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous alpha-adrenergic agonists. alpha-Adrenergic antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
H1-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists.
Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems.
H2-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter.
A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.
A drug that has a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output.
Any of low-molecular-mass iron(III)-chelating compounds produced by plants for the purpose of the transport and sequestration of iron.
A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate.
One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools.
An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27).
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitors
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating) inhibitors
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitor
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid hydroxylase inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic hydroxylase inhibitors
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitor
p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons.
Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors.
Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor.
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Derivatives of carbamic acid with insecticidal properties of general formula ROC(=O)NR(1)R(2), where ROH is an alcohol, oxime, or phenol and R(1) is hydrogen or methyl. Like organophosphate insecticides, they are cholinesterase inhibitors, but carbamate insecticides differ in action from the organophosphates in that the inhibitory effect on cholinesterase is generally brief.
An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitors
acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitor
acetyl.beta-methylcholinesterase inhibitors
acetylcholine acetylhydrolase inhibitors
acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitor
acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
A respiratory-chain inhibitor that interferes with the action of the the enzyme NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating), EC 1.6.5.3.
EC 1.6.5.3 (NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)) inhibitor
EC 1.6.5.3 (NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)) inhibitors
EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitors
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) inhibitor
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) inhibitors
NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase inhibitors
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
NADH2 dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) inhibitor
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex inhibitor
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) inhibitor
NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) inhibitors
NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H+-translocating) inhibitor
complex I (NADH:Q1 oxidoreductase) inhibitors
complex I (electron transport chain) inhibitors
complex I (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase inhibitor
mitochondrial electron transport complex 1 inhibitor
mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitor
mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitors
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase inhibitor
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase inhibitors
EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitor
A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(3R,5S,6E)-7-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(1-methylethyl)-2-(ethyl(methylsulfonyl)amino)-5-pyrimidinyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoic acid
(3R,5S,6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
An EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4).
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors
amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitor
amine oxidase (flavin-containing) inhibitors
amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitor
amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing) inhibitors
amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitor
monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) inhibitors
monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane.
An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes.
Any sodium channel blocker that interferes with the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels.
voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers
Any protein kinase inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosine kinase.
Substance used to treat lice (genus Pediculus) infestation.
Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues.
A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels.
ryanodine-sensitive calcium channel modulator
ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel modulator
A surfactant with an uncharged hydrophilic headgroup.
A substance that can carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into the blood stream. Blood substitutes are used to replace hemoglobin in severe hemorrhage and also to perfuse isolated organs.
Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.
Substance that produces loss of consciousness.
Drugs that used to treat infestations by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma.
Any member of a collection of zwitterionic buffer substances selected or devised for suitability in experimental biological systems according to a number of predetermined criteria. Named after Dr. Norman Good.
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
A molecular entity that is an electron-pair acceptor and therefore able to form a covalent bond with an electron-pair donor (Lewis base), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
A volatile or volatilizable chemical compound utilized for control of pests in buildings, soil, grain, as well as during processing of goods to be imported or exported to prevent transfer of exotic organisms.
Any chemical substance that inhibits the life-cycle of an organism.
homopteran inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis
lepidopteran inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis
A role played by a fluorescent molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Any drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, though not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye.
A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.
A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.
A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.
(3R,5R,6S,7R,8R,11R,12S,13R,14S,15S)-12-[(4-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-14-{[2-O-acetyl-3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-5,7,8,11,13,15-hexamethyl-4,10-dioxo-1,9-dioxaspiro[2.13]hexadecan-6-yl acetate
A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.
2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]benzeneacetic acid
{2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl}acetic acid
2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)benzeneacetic acid
[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetic acid
Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein.
A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body).
An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.
Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonergic agonists.
A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell.
An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases.
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds.
Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor.
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of catechol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6).
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors
catechol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6) inhibitor
catechol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6) inhibitors
catecholamine O-methyltransferase inhibitor
catecholamine O-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
A local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part.
A drug that it mimics the action of calcium on tissues.
Any drug that acts on an alpha-adrenergic receptor.
Any of the drugs that act on beta-adrenergic receptors.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21).
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitors
aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) inhibitor
aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) inhibitors
alditol:NAD(P)(+) 1-oxidoreductase inhibitor
alditol:NAD(P)(+) 1-oxidoreductase inhibitors
alditol:NADP(+) 1-oxidoreductase inhibitor
alditol:NADP(+) 1-oxidoreductase inhibitors
polyol dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitor
polyol dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists.
A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.
A modulator of gamma-secretase, one of the three endopeptidases that are specific for amyloid protein precursor and which have been identified based upon the region of the amyloid protein precursor which they cleave.
A drug that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus.
A drug that affects the function of fibrin in blood coagulation.
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.
Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists.
A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists.
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists
Metabolites of bile acids, four-ringed steroid acids formed along the cholesterol degradation pathway.
A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
A compound that inhibits the action of prostaglandins.
A drug that acts principally at one or more sites within the peripheral neuroeffector systems, the autonomic system, and motor nerve-skeletal system.
A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors.
ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Any inhibitor of cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP), which transfers cholesterol from high density lipoproteins (HDL, the 'good' cholesterol-containing particles) to low or very low density lipoproteins (LDL or VLDL, the 'bad' cholesterol-containing particles). Inhibition of this process results in higher HDL levels and lower LDL levels. CETP inhibitors are under investigation as potential drugs to reduce the risk of arteriosclerotic vascular disease (atherosclerosis).
cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor
A chemical substance that prevents or reduces the probability of conception.
A chemical substance or agent with contraceptive activity in females.
A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy.
An oral contraceptive which owes its effectiveness to synthetic preparation.
An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors.
Any hormone that is responsible for controlling sexual characteristics and reproductive function.
A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
A hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals by binding to oestrogen receptors. The oestrogens are named for their importance in the oestrous cycle. The oestrogens that occur naturally in the body, notably estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol are steroids. Other compounds with oestrogenic activity are produced by plants (phytoestrogens) and fungi (mycoestrogens); synthetic compounds with oestrogenic activity are known as xenoestrogens.
Any compound that exhibits antagonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor
A drug which causes a narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.
A drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.
A compound which inhibits the movement of an ion across an energy-transducing cell membrane.
Any pathway inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids.
A substance that can be converted into a vitamin by animal tissues.
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*).
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitors
phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitor
phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.*) inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
A drug used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates.
Compound which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.
Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons.
Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
A substance that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1).
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitors
NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-specific aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors
alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitor
alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) inhibitors
aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
aliphatic alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors
primary alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits the bacterial enzymes of the DNA topoisomerases, Type I class (EC 5.99.1.2) that catalyze ATP-independent breakage of one of the two strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strand through the break, and rejoining of the broken strand. These bacterial enzymes reduce the topological stress in the DNA structure by relaxing negatively, but not positively, supercoiled DNA.
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.2 (topoisomerase I) inhibitors
topoisomerase I (EC 5.99.1.2) inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
Any cholinergic antagonist that inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the muscarinic antagonists.
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80).
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitors
UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose:N-acylsphingosine D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitors
ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80) inhibitor
ceramide glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.80) inhibitors
ceramide:UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase inhibitor
ceramide:UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase inhibitors
ceramide:UDPGlc glucosyltransferase inhibitor
ceramide:UDPGlc glucosyltransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucose-ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 1.6.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone), EC 1.6.5.2.
EC 1.6.5.2 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitor
EC 1.6.5.2 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitors
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitors
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.5.2) inhibitor
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.5.2) inhibitors
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitor
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitors
NAD(P)H-quinone dehydrogenase inhibitors
NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitor
NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitors
NAD(P)H: menadione oxidoreductase inhibitor
NAD(P)H: menadione oxidoreductase inhibitors
NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase inhibitor
NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase inhibitors
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate, quinone) inhibitor
dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate, quinone) inhibitors
flavoprotein NAD(P)H-quinone reductase inhibitor
flavoprotein NAD(P)H-quinone reductase inhibitors
reduced NAD(P)H dehydrogenase inhibitors
reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase inhibitor
reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase inhibitors
viologen accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase inhibitor
viologen accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
A role played by a molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment.
An acid or base which exhibits a colour change on neutralization by the basic or acidic titrant at or near the equivalence point of a titration.
Anything used in a scientific experiment that gives a visual change to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
A substance which is adsorbed or desorbed with concomitant colour change at or near the equivalence point of a titration.
A colour indicator that is colourless on one side of the transition interval.
A colour indicator that possesses a different colour on each side of the transition interval.
An EC 1.6.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming), EC 1.6.3.1.
EC 1.6.3.1. (NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)) inhibitor
EC 1.6.3.1. (NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)) inhibitors
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitors
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) (EC 1.6.3.1) inhibitor
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) (EC 1.6.3.1) inhibitors
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) inhibitor
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) inhibitors
NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (H2O2-forming) inhibitor
NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (H2O2-forming) inhibitors
NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor
A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
Antagonist of platelet surface glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa which has a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation.
glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
An EC 3.5.4.* (non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4).
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitors
adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) inhibitor
adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) inhibitors
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4).
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitors
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase inhibitor
phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase inhibitors
phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) inhibitors
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of dihydropteroate from p-aminobenzoic acid and dihydropteridine-hydroxymethyl-pyrophosphate.
(2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase inhibitor
(2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase inhibitors
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase inhibitor
2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase inhibitors
7,8-dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor
7,8-dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitors
7,8-dihydropteroic acid synthetase inhibitor
7,8-dihydropteroic acid synthetase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitors
dihydropteroate diphosphorylase inhibitor
dihydropteroate diphosphorylase inhibitors
dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase inhibitor
dihydropteroate pyrophosphorylase inhibitors
dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) inhibitor
dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
An agent that produces a soft formed stool, and relaxes and loosens the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve constipation. Compare with cathartic, which is a substance that accelerates defecation. A substances can be both a laxative and a cathartic.
Compound that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. It also increases the osmolarity of plasma.
Substance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.
Any agent that is used to decrease appetite.
An agent that inhibits cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions.
Agent that dilates the pupil. Used in eye diseases and to facilitate eye examination. It may be either a sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic. The latter cause cycloplegia or paralysis of accommodation at high doses and may precipitate glaucoma.
Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
An agent, with unique chemical structure and biochemical requirements, which generates nitric oxide.
An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor which interferes with the action of 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17).
3',5'-cyclic nucleoside monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic nucleoside monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitors
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
3',5'-cyclonucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclonucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
3': 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) inhibitor
3': 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) inhibitors
3':5'-cyclic nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitor
3':5'-cyclic nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitors
cyclic 3',5'-mononucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic 3',5'-mononucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic 3',5'-phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic 3',5'-phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic 3',5-nucleotide monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic 3',5-nucleotide monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) inhibitor
cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cyclic CMP) inhibitors
nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate diesterase inhibitor
nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate diesterase inhibitors
nucleoside-3',5-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
nucleoside-3',5-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1).
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase inhibitor
1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase inhibitors
4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase inhibitor
4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase inhibitors
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2.
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 inhibitor
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 inhibitors
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 1.
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 inhibitor
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of urease (EC 3.5.1.5), reducing hydrolysis.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dimethylallyltranstransferase (EC 2.5.1.1).
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthetase inhibitor
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthetase inhibitors
DMAPP:IPP-dimethylallyltransferase inhibitor
DMAPP:IPP-dimethylallyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitors
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltranstransferase inhibitor
dimethylallyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate dimethylallyltranstransferase inhibitors
dimethylallyltranstransferase (EC 2.5.1.1) inhibitor
dimethylallyltranstransferase (EC 2.5.1.1) inhibitors
dimethylallyltranstransferase inhibitors
geranyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor
geranyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors
geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitor
geranyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitors
trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitor
trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
An agent that inhibits bone resorption and/or favor bone mineralization and bone regeneration. Used to heal bone fractures and to treat bone diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis.
A drug used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
An EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3).
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitors
NADPH-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) inhibitor
dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) inhibitors
tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitor
tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
A reagent with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between macromolecules, principally side chains of amino acids in proteins, allowing the locations of naturally reactive areas within the proteins to be identified.
A drug used to treat trichomonas infections.
A substance used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.
A chemical substance that interrupts pregnancy after implantation.
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.129).
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitors
[poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-(N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide)]-diphosphoundecaprenol:[N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide]-diphosphoundecaprenol disaccharidetransferase inhibitor
[poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-(N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide)]-diphosphoundecaprenol:[N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide]-diphosphoundecaprenol disaccharidetransferase inhibitors
bactoprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-pentapeptide:peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
bactoprenyldiphospho-N-acetylmuramoyl-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-pentapeptide:peptidoglycan N-acetylmuramoyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
penicillin binding protein 1B inhibitors
peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.129) inhibitor
peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.129) inhibitors
peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase inhibitor
peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase inhibitors
peptidoglycan transglycosylase inhibitor
peptidoglycan transglycosylase inhibitors
undecaprenyldiphospho-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide):undecaprenyldiphospho-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide) disaccharidetransferase inhibitor
undecaprenyldiphospho-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide):undecaprenyldiphospho-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-muramoylpentapeptide) disaccharidetransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
{1-[({(1R)-1-{3-[(E)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-3-[2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl}sulfanyl)methyl]cyclopropyl}acetic acid
(R-(E))-1-(((1-(3-(2-(7-Chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl)propyl)thio)methyl)cyclopropaneacetic acid
1-[[[(1 R)-1-[3-[(1E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolinyl)ethenyl] phenyl]-3-[2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)phenyl]propyl]sulfanyl]methyl]cyclopropaneacetic acid
A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
A substance that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. It acts as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. It can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.
Any retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist with specificity for RARalpha and RARbeta.
retinoic acid receptor alpha/beta agonist
A compound that interacts with progesterone receptors in target tissues to bring about effects similar to those of progesterone.
A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing), EC 5.99.1.3 (also known as topoisomerase II and as DNA gyrase), which catalyses ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands.
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) (EC 5.99.1.3) inhibitor
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) (EC 5.99.1.3) inhibitors
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) inhibitor
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing) inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.3 (DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)) inhibitor
EC 5.99.1.3 (DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)) inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
A drug which acts to reduce estrogenic activity in the body, either by reducing the amount of estrogen or by reducing the activity of whatever estrogen is present.
An agent which regulates the physiologic mechanisms that control the appetite and food intake.
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of of 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)), EC 1.3.1.22, the enzyme which converts testosterone (CHEBI:17347) into the more potent androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (EC 1.3.1.22) inhibitor
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (EC 1.3.1.22) inhibitors
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitor
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitors
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase inhibitor
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase inhibitors
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:NADP+ Delta(4)-oxidoreductase inhibitor
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid:NADP+ Delta(4)-oxidoreductase inhibitors
3-oxosteroid Delta4-dehydrogenase inhibitor
4-ene-3-oxosteroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor
Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase inhibitor
Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.22 (3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))) inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.22 (3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitors
cholest-4-en-3-one 5alpha-reductase inhibitor
cholestenone 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase inhibitor
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5alpha-oxidoreductase inhibitors
testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
testosterone Delta(4)-5alpha-reductase inhibitor
testosterone Delta(4)-5alpha-reductase inhibitors
testosterone Delta(4)-hydrogenase inhibitor
testosterone Delta(4)-hydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.210), a group of steroidogenic enzymes.
3beta (or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
3beta (or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.210) inhibitor
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.210) inhibitors
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
3beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase inhibitor
3beta,20alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase inhibitors
3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.210 (3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.210 (3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitors
dehydrogenase, 3beta,20alpha-hydroxy steroid inhibitor
dehydrogenase, 3beta,20alpha-hydroxy steroid inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14) and so reduces production of estrogenic steroid hormones.
A drug used to treat hyperparathyroidism by reducing the excessive production of parathyroid hormones.
A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of estrogens.
A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of mineralocorticoids, a class of steroid hormones characterised by their similarity to aldosterone and their influence on salt and water balance.
Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherogenesis, the accumulation of lipid-containing plaques on the innermost layers of the arteries. Compare with antiatherosclerotic agent.
A drug used to treat allergic reactions.
An agent which overcomes insulin resistance by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists
proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist
proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.
A deaminating agent is a role played by a chemical agent which exhibits the capability of causing the loss of an amine functional group on another molecular entity (e.g. DNA or protein).
A role played by a chemical compound exhibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the liver in animals.
A role played by any chemical compound (natural or synthetic) exhibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the kidneys.
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
A role played by a chemical compound exhibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the heart and cardiomyocytes.
Any compound used for the purpose of preserving biological tissues from decay in such a way as to allow for the preparation of thin, stained sections for subsequent histological study.
An inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, EC 2.7.1.137, a family of related enzymes capable of phosphorylating the 3 position hydroxy group of the inositol ring of a phosphatidylinositol.
1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor
1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase inhibitors
type I phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitor
type I phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitors
type III phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor
type III phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of lipid kinases.
A drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1), a kinase enzyme involved in phosphorylation of hydroxy group of serine or threonine.
ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitor
ATP-protein transphosphorylase inhibitors
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitors
BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitor
BR serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitors
cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor
cAMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors
cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
casein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitor
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A inhibitors
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitor
non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.1) inhibitors
non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor
non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors
phosphorylase b kinase kinase inhibitors
protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
protein kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitor
protein serine-threonine kinase inhibitors
protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitor
ribosomal protein S6 kinase II inhibitors
serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitor
serine(threonine) protein kinase inhibitors
serine-specific protein kinase inhibitor
serine-specific protein kinase inhibitors
serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor
serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors
threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitor
threonine-specific protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
An agent that modulates the physiologic angiogenesis process. This is accomplished by endogenous angiogenic proteins and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents.
A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent.
A dopaminergic agent that blocks the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the adrenergic uptake inhibitors also inhibit dopamine uptake.
A chemical substance which binds to specific hormone receptors activating the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
A drug that binds to and activates dopamine receptors.
An agent causing contraction of the pupil of the eye. Because the size of the pupil is under the antagonistic control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, drugs affecting either system can cause miosis. Drugs that mimic or potentiate the parasympathetic input to the circular constrictor muscle and drugs that inhibit sympathetic input to the radial dilator muscle tend to contract the pupils.
A compound that inhibits the growth of marine organisms.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
A group that is introduced into a molecule by chemical modification of a functional group in order to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction.
A role played by a phosphonium ylide in a Wittig reaction.
An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.
A fluorescent dye used to stain biological specimens.
A role played by an organomagnesium halide in a Grignard reaction.
A role played by a compound in a fluid state in swelling a gel, network, or solid.
A role played by a compound that facilitates the rapid drying of gels without their cracking.
A drug used to produce muscle relaxation (excepting neuromuscular blocking agents). Its primary clinical and therapeutic use is the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. Also used for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis.
A drug used for its actions on skeletal muscle.
A drug that binds to and activates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonists
A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems.
A hormone antagonist that blocks endothelin receptors.
A endothelin receptor antagonist is a drug which selectively blocks endothelin A receptors.
A compound which binds and activates the prostacyclin receptor IP1, but has only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist.
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes.
A chemical role played by the molecular entity or part thereof in a photochemical process.
A role played by a molecular entity or part thereof in a photobiochemical process.
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
An organic dye characterized by an aromatic four-membered ring system derived from squaric acid.
A chemical substance that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis.
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sterol methyltransferase.
An EC 3.2.* (glycosylase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any glycosidase (i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds, EC 3.2.1.*).
An antiviral drug targeted at influenza viruses. Its mode of action consists of blocking the function of the viral neuraminidase protein (EC 3.2.1.18), thus preventing the virus from budding from the host cell.
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitors
N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase inhibitor
N-acylneuraminate glycohydrolase inhibitors
exo-alpha-sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) inhibitor
exo-alpha-sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18) inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
An inhibitor of ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.26.13), an enzyme required for specific hydrolysis of the RNA strand of an RNA/DNA hybrid.
EC 3.1.26.13 (retroviral ribonuclease H) inhibitors
retroviral reverse transcriptase RNaseH inhibitor
retroviral reverse transcriptase RNaseH inhibitors
retroviral ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.26.13) inhibitor
retroviral ribonuclease H (EC 3.1.26.13) inhibitors
EC 3.1.26.13 (retroviral ribonuclease H) inhibitor
A drug that blocks the action of proteasomes, cellular complexes that break down proteins.
A group that serves to protect a phosphate group in the context of a synthesis.
A group that serves to protect a carboxylic acid function in the context of a synthesis.
The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds.
A compound that exhibits agonist activity at the P2Y2 receptor.
A substance used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for prostheses.
A drug that binds to and activates gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptors.
The role played by a molecular entity, such as an atom or free radical, which is involved in chain-propagating reactions.
A topoisomerase inhibitor that inhibits DNA topoisomerase IV, which catalyses ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands.
An EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.22).
EC 1.4.3.22 (diamine oxidase) inhibitors
diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.22) inhibitors
histamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
histamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of IMP dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.205), so blocking de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides.
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitors
IMP dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.205) inhibitor
IMP dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.205) inhibitors
inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase inhibitor
inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An entity which inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
A drug that suppresses spasms. These are usually caused by smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs. The effect is to prevent spasms of the stomach, intestine or urinary bladder.
A compound that exhibits agonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor.
Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea.
A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion.
A class of anticoagulants which act by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.
An antagonist at the neurokinin-1 receptor.
An antagonist at the substance P receptor.
A drug or agent applied to the skin to control seborrhea or seborrheic dermatitis.
Any inhibitor of an acid--D-amino-acid ligase (EC 6.3.2.*).
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--D-amino-acid ligase (peptide synthase)) inhibitor
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--D-amino-acid ligase (peptide synthase)) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--D-amino-acid ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--amino-acid ligase) inhibitor
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--amino-acid ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.* [acid--D-amino-acid ligase (peptide synthase)] inhibitor
EC 6.3.2.* [acid--D-amino-acid ligase (peptide synthase)] inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.* (acid--D-amino-acid ligase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.*).
EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitors
inhibitor of metalloendopeptidases (EC 3.4.24.*)
inhibitors of metalloendopeptidases (EC 3.4.24.*)
metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.*) inhibitor
metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.*) inhibitors
EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor
Any substance that stimulates an immune response in the body, such as through antibody production or by presentation to a T-cell receptor after binding to a major histocompability complex (MHC).
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals.
A chemical substance which inhibits the function of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*).
EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitors
inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*)
inhibitor of serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*)s
EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor
A compound that exhibits agonist activity at the kappa-opioid receptor.
Any compound that exhibits antagonist activity at the delta-opioid receptor.
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of squalene monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.132).
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitors
squalene monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.132) inhibitor
squalene monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.132) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28).
5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase inhibitor
5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitors
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) inhibitor
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) inhibitors
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor
aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitors
hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase inhibitor
hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the action of a dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.*).
Any substance that inhibits the synthesis of DNA.
Any antigen that is a phosphorylated microbial metabolite which activates an immune response in humans.
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of serine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50).
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
acyl-CoA:serine C-2 acyltransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
serine C-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50) inhibitor
serine C-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50) inhibitors
serine C-palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
A EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16).
EC 2.4.1.16 (chitin synthase) inhibitors
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase inhibitors
chitin synthase (EC 2.4.1.16) inhibitors
chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
chitin-UDP acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase inhibitor
chitin-UDP acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase inhibitors
chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase inhibitor
trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase inhibitors
Any drug which blocks vasopressin receptors.
arginine vasopressin receptor antagonist
arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists
A drug, usually applied topically, that relieves pruritus (itching).
Any drug which binds to vasopressin receptors and triggers a response.
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the nucleophile) by accepting both bonding electrons from that reaction partner.
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
A reagent used to improve selectivity in chromatographic analyses or separations, e.g. by formation of a derivative or by modification of the mobile phase.
A surfactant molecule with hydrophilic groups at both ends of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain
A drug used for the treatment of hyperplasia (increaced cell production within an organ or tissue).
Any drug used to depigment skin, normally by decreasing the excretion of melanin from melanocytes.
A drug which interferes with the binding, fusion and entry of an HIV virion to a human cell. By blocking this step in HIV's replication cycle, such agents slow the progression from HIV infection to AIDS.
A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the activity of reverse transcriptase, EC 2.7.7.49, a viral DNA polymerase enzyme that retroviruses need in order to reproduce.
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitor
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitors
RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
RNA-dependent deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
RNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.49) inhibitor
RNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.49) inhibitors
RNA-instructed DNA polymerase inhibitors
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitor
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
A surfactant molecule possessing both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties.
Any EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase), EC 1.14.18.1, an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of phenols (such as tyrosine) and is widespread in plants and animals.
L-tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-tyrosine,L-dopa:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
NN-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase inhibitor
NN-acetyl-6-hydroxytryptophan oxidase inhibitors
monophenol dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
monophenol dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
monophenol, dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.8).
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca(2+)-transporting) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (Ca(2+)-transporting) inhibitors
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.8) inhibitor
Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.8) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitors
sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor
sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitors
sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
Any macromolecule whose structure mimics that of an epitope. When applied to immunisation, a mimotope induces the desired antibody specificities exclusively based on the principle of molecular mimicry.
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydrolase acting on peptide bonds (peptidase), EC 3.4.*.*).
EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bond) inhibitor
EC 3.4.* (hydrolase acting on peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on peptide bond (EC 3.4.*)
EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor
Any EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) and thus the generation of glutamate from glutamine.
Any hormone produced by the thyroid gland
Any member of the class of herbicides whose members contain a phenoxy or substituted phenoxy group.
Any agent that acts on an opioid receptor or affects the life cycle of an opioid transmitter.
Any agent that acts on a mu-opioid receptor.
Any agent that acts on a delta-opioid receptor.
Any agent that acts on a kappa-opioid receptor.
An agent that binds to but does not activate an opioid receptor thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous opioid receptor agonists.
An agent that selectively binds to and activates an opioid receptor.
Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists
A chiral compound used to induce stereoselectivity into a reaction.
An agent which blocks glucagon receptors.
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tryptophan synthase (EC 4.2.1.20).
EC 4.2.1.20 (tryptophan synthase) inhibitors
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate) inhibitor
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indoleglycerol-phosphate) inhibitors
indoleglycerol phosphate aldolase inhibitor
indoleglycerol phosphate aldolase inhibitors
tryptophan synthase (EC 4.2.1.20) inhibitor
tryptophan synthase (EC 4.2.1.20) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.20 (tryptophan synthase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor, generally irreversible, that is similar in structure to a particular substrate for a specific enzyme.
Any substance which inhibits the action of receptors for excitatory amino acids.
excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist
excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists
Any substance that possesses little anaesthetic effect by itself, but which enhances or potentiates the anaesthetic action of other drugs when given at the same time.
Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself.
An antigen capable, on its own, of inducing an immune response.
Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit or promote polymerisation of microtubules.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of riboflavin synthase (EC 2.5.1.9).
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine:6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine 2,3-butanediyltransferase inhibitor
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine:6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine 2,3-butanediyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.9 (riboflavin synthase) inhibitors
riboflavin synthase (EC 2.5.1.9) inhibitor
riboflavin synthase (EC 2.5.1.9) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.9 (riboflavin synthase) inhibitor
A toxin that is produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant which interferes with the function of the kidney in animals.
A hormone antagonist that blocks angiotensin receptors.
A drug used in the treatment of bile or liver disorders.
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98).
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitors
histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitor
histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase.
inositol phosphorylceramide synthase inhibitor
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39).
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitors
endothelium-derived relaxation factor-forming enzyme inhibitor
endothelium-derived relaxation factor-forming enzyme inhibitors
endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase inhibitor
endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthase inhibitors
nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) inhibitor
nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
Any substance that interacts with tubulin to promote polymerisation of microtubules.
Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit polymerisation of microtubules.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a metabotropic glutamate receptor.
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists
Any donor that can transfer acyl groups between molecular entities.
An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any glutamate synthase.
EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitors
L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating) inhibitor
L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating) inhibitors
ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase inhibitor
ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase inhibitors
ferredoxin-glutamate synthase inhibitors
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) (EC 1.4.7.1) inhibitor
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) (EC 1.4.7.1) inhibitors
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) inhibitor
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) inhibitors
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent) inhibitor
glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent) inhibitors
EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor
A class of secondary metabolites developed by many plants to influence the behaviour, growth or survival of herbivores, and thus acting as a defence against herbivory.
An EC 2.7.10.* (protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1).
ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (receptor-type) inhibitor
ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (receptor-type) inhibitors
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitors
ephrin-B3 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor
insulin receptor protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neurite outgrowth regulating kinase inhibitor
novel oncogene with kinase-domain inhibitor
receptor protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1) inhibitor
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1) inhibitors
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor
receptor protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24).
EC 2.3.1.24 (sphingosine N-acyltransferase) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase inhibitor
acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase inhibitors
sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24) inhibitor
sphingosine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.24) inhibitors
sphingosine N-acyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.24 (sphingosine N-acyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the function of aconitase (EC 4.2.1.3).
EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitors
aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3) inhibitor
aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3) inhibitors
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) inhibitor
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming) inhibitors
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase inhibitor
citrate(isocitrate) hydro-lyase inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.3 (aconitate hydratase) inhibitor
An EC 3.11.1.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds of phosphono-acetaldehyde, -acetate, or -pyruvate) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphonopyruvate hydrolase (EC 3.11.1.3).
EC 3.11.1.3 (phosphonopyruvate hydrolase) inhibitors
phosphonopyruvate hydrolase (EC 3.11.1.3) inhibitor
phosphonopyruvate hydrolase (EC 3.11.1.3) inhibitors
EC 3.11.1.3 (phosphonopyruvate hydrolase) inhibitor
An antagonist that blocks glycine receptors.
Any additive that enhances the efficiency of fuel.
Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.
An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24).
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming) inhibitor
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (trans-cinnamate-forming) inhibitors
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitors
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) inhibitor
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.24) inhibitors
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
An EC 1.2.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor which interferes with the action of aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1).
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitors
aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1) inhibitors
aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates an odorant receptor.
Any compound that inhibits the action of tankyrase.
An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30).
ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerising) inhibitor
ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerising) inhibitors
ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) inhibitor
ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitors
NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30) inhibitor
NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30) inhibitors
NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase inhibitors
NAD(+):poly(ADP-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase inhibitor
NAD(+):poly(ADP-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase inhibitors
NAD(+):poly(adenosine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase inhibitor
NAD(+):poly(adenosine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyl-transferase inhibitors
poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitor
poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.99.* (glycosyltransferases transferring other glycosyl groups) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a sialyltransferase.
The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability.
A food additive used to form or maintain a uniform emulsion of two (or more) phases in a food.
Any compound that induces or regulates osteogenesis.
A catalyst that facilitates the migration of a reactant from one phase into another phase where reaction occurs.
Chemical role played by a material when used to promote crystallisation.
An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1).
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitors
inosine-guanosine phosphorylase inhibitor
inosine-guanosine phosphorylase inhibitors
purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
purine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
purine deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
purine ribonucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
purine ribonucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) inhibitor
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) inhibitors
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase inhibitor
purine-nucleoside:phosphate ribosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors.
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
Any substance that inhibits the release of insulin
An EC 1.1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.13).
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitors
alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.13) inhibitors
alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22).
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitors
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine) inhibitor
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine) inhibitors
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming) inhibitor
L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine; L-cystathionine-forming) inhibitors
cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) inhibitor
cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of mitochondrial carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21).
CPT I (outer membrane carnitine palmitoyl transferase) inhibitor
CPT I (outer membrane carnitine palmitoyl transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitors
L-carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
L-carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21) inhibitor
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21) inhibitors
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
carnitine palmitoyltransferase II inhibitor
carnitine palmitoyltransferase II inhibitors
carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor
carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitors
carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A inhibitor
carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A inhibitors
mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor
mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitors
outer malonyl-CoA inhibitable carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
outer malonyl-CoA inhibitable carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase inhibitor
palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase inhibitors
palmitoylcarnitine transferase inhibitor
palmitoylcarnitine transferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
An inhibitor that interferes with the process of T-cell proliferation.
A small protein-like chain designed to mimic a peptide.
The element or compound in a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction that donates an electron to another species.
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
Any substance that inhibits the action of sodium-dependent Pi-transporters.
sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter inhibitor
sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter inhibitor
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1).
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitors
alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitor
alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitors
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor
An antagonist at the fibroblast growth factor receptor.
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonists
fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor
fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist
A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition.
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9).
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitors
sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor
sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
Any drug which binds to gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors and triggers a response.
gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a glucocorticoid receptor.
An antogonist that blocks chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5).
An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19).
4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutanoate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate--2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutyric acid 2-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors
4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor
4-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitors
GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
GABA--2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
GABA--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
GABA--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitor
GABA--alpha-ketoglutaric acid transaminase inhibitors
GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
GABA--alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
GABA--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
GABA--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitor
aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors
beta-alanine aminotransferase inhibitors
beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
beta-alanine--oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
beta-alanine--oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-amino-N-butyrate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyrate--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyrate:alpha-oxoglutarate aminotransferase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid pyruvate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid--2-oxoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid--alpha-ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric transaminase inhibitors
glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitor
glutamate--succinic semialdehyde transaminase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45).
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase inhibitor
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitors
methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase inhibitor
methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2).
10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide N-formyltransferase inhibitors
2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide 5'-phosphate transformylase inhibitor
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate:2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide ribonucleotide transformylase inhibitor
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate:2-amino-N-ribosylacetamide ribonucleotide transformylase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitors
glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor
glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitors
glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase inhibitor
glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase inhibitors
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) inhibitor
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.2) inhibitors
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a retinoid X receptor.
Any compound that leaves a pliable, cohesive, and continuous covering over a surface when applied to it.
A sclerotherapy agent is used to treat blood vessels or blood vessel malformations (vascular malformations) and also those of the lymphatic system by injection into the vessels, which makes them shrink.
An EC 1.14.16.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, reduced pteridine as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2).
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitors
L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) inhibitor
L-tyrosine,tetrahydrobiopterin:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating) inhibitors
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) inhibitor
tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.2) inhibitors
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
An antagonist at the alpha1B-adrenoceptor.
An pathway inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of cellulose.
An EC 3.6.4.10 (non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase) inhibitor that blocks the action of heat shock protein 90.
An antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor.
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase C receptor
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fatty acid amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.99).
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitors
arachidonoylethanolamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
arachidonoylethanolamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
fatty acid amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.99) inhibitor
fatty acid amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.99) inhibitors
fatty acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
fatty acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
A compound that exhibits agonist activity at the delta-opioid receptor.
Any compound that mimics the action of incretins, gastrointestinal hormones that cause an increase in the amount of insulin released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans after eating, even before blood glucose levels become elevated.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates AMPA receptors.
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor agonist
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase G receptor.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase receptor.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58), one of the three enzymes in the prenyltransferase group.
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitors
farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitor
farnesyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine farnesyltransferase inhibitors
protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitor
protein farnesyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.58) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
Any protease inhibitor that restricts the action of a cysteine protease.
A histamine agonist that binds to and activates histamine H3-receptors.
A histamine agonist that binds to and activates H4-receptors.
A histamine antagonist that selectively binds to but does not activate histamine H3 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
An EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15), preventing formation of N-acetylglucosamine lipid intermediates and glycosylation of newly synthesised glycoproteins.
EC 2.7.8.15 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase) inhibitors
N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor
N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors
UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitor
UDP-D-N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate transferase inhibitors
UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor
UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate transferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15) inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase inhibitors
UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitor
UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase inhibitors
UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor
UDP-acetylglucosamine--dolichol phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors
chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitor
chitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol synthase inhibitors
dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor
dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine--dolichyl phosphate acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.8.15 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase) inhibitor
Any chemical substance produced during the conversion of a reactant to a product.
A compound which acts as an agonist at the ATP-sensitive K+ channel.
A compound used to form the matrix for MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry. MALDI matrix materials are crystalline compounds with a fairly low molecular weight, so as to allow facile vaporization, have strong absorption at UV or IR wavelengths (to rapidly and efficiently absorb laser irradiation), generally contain polar groups (enabling them to be used in aqueous solutions) and are frequently acidic (so assisting ionisation of the compound being studied, which is contained within the matrix material).
'matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization' matrix material
'matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization' matrix materials
A neurotransmitter transporter modulator that activates glutamate transporters.
excitatory amino-acid transporter activator
excitatory amino-acid transporter activators
A membrane transport modulator that affects the transport of neurotransmitters.
A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin K (EC 3.4.22.38).
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.29).
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase inhibitor
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.29 (geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase) inhibitors
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.29) inhibitor
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.29) inhibitors
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibitor
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitor
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.29 (geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43).
EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitors
arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43) inhibitor
arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43) inhibitors
cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A metabolite of plant origin (phytochemical) which acts as a source material for biosynthesis of both lignans and lignin.
An EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1).
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitors
L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitor
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) inhibitors
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
glycine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitor
serine hydroxymethyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor
An excitatory amino acid agonist which binds to NMDA receptors and triggers a response.
A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour.
A toxin that accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Any glycine transporter inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine 1 transporters.
An agonist that binds to and activates glycine receptors
An EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.8.1.9).
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitors
NADPH2:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase inhibitor
NADPH2:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase inhibitors
thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.8.1.9) inhibitor
thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.8.1.9) inhibitors
thioredoxin reductase (NADPH) inhibitors
thioredoxin-disulfide reductase inhibitor
thioredoxin-disulfide reductase inhibitors
thioredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
thioredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26).
EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitors
acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase inhibitor
acyl coenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase inhibitors
acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors
acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor
acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitors
sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) inhibitor
sterol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
A sterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor that specifically inhibits acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2.
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitors
acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor
An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11).
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase inhibitor
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase inhibitors
1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase inhibitor
1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate inositoltrisphosphohydrolase inhibitors
1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitors
monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase inhibitor
monophosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C inhibitors
phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitors
phosphoinositide phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11) inhibitor
phosphoinositide phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.11) inhibitors
phosphoinositide phospholipase C inhibitor
phosphoinositide phospholipase C inhibitors
triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
The role played by a substance in enhancing the appearance or odour of the human body; a name given to the substance itself or to a component of it.
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
Any compound that inhibits cell division (mitosis).
A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by Mycobacteria, a genus of actinobacteria. Aerobic and nonmotile, members of the genus include the pathogens responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy.
An antiparasitic drug which is effective against Apicomplexan parasites in the genus Plasmodium. The genus contains over 200 species and includes those responsible for malaria.
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20).
1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor
1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitor
acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitors
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) inhibitor
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) inhibitors
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitor
diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitors
diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor
diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
diglyceride O-acyltransferase inhibitors
palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor
palmitoyl-CoA-sn-1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 6.5.1.* (DNA/RNA repair enzymes) inhibitor that interferes with the action of DNA ligase (ATP), EC 6.5.1.1.
DNA ligase (ATP) (EC 6.5.1.1) inhibitors
EC 6.5.1.1 (DNA ligase (ATP)) inhibitors
EC 6.5.1.1 [DNA ligase (ATP)] inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid joinase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid repair enzyme inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid repair enzyme inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid-joining enzyme inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid-joining enzyme inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic repair enzyme inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic repair enzyme inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic-joining enzyme inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic-joining enzyme inhibitors
polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase (ATP) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of leukocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.37).
EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitors
leukocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) inhibitor
leukocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) inhibitors
polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase inhibitor
polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase inhibitors
EC 3.4.21.37 (leukocyte elastase) inhibitor
An inhibitor of hepatitis C protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
Any protease inhibitor that restricts the action of a serine protease.
A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).
A depigmentation agent which inhibits the synthesis of melanin.
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1).
An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus.
An anti-HIV agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of HIV-1, the more infective and more virulent of the two types of HIV virus.
An anti-HIV agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of HIV-2, the less infective and less virulent of the two types of HIV virus.
An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the hepatitis B virus.
An antiviral agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of the herpes simplex virus (also known as the human herpes virus).
An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-1.
An anti-HSV agent agent that destroys or inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus-2.
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of heparanase (EC 3.2.1.166).
heparan sulfate N-sulfo-D-glucosamine endoglucanase inhibitor
heparan sulfate N-sulfo-D-glucosamine endoglucanase inhibitors
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of chymase (EC 3.4.21.39).
skeletal muscle (SK) protease inhibitors
A lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34).
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitors
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) inhibitor
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.34) inhibitors
arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
A lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.31).
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitors
arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.31) inhibitor
arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.31) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
A lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33).
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitors
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33) inhibitor
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33) inhibitors
arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase inhibitor
arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase inhibitors
linoleic acid omega(6)-lipoxygenase inhibitor
linoleic acid omega(6)-lipoxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3).
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitors
heparin releasable hepatic lipase inhibitor
heparin releasable hepatic lipase inhibitors
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase inhibitor
pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase inhibitors
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase inhibitor
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase inhibitors
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase inhibitor
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase inhibitors
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase inhibitor
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase inhibitors
triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitor
triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
Any compound that has anti-asthmatic effects.
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19).
EC 4.1.1.19 (arginine decarboxylase) inhibitors
L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming) inhibitor
L-arginine carboxy-lyase (agmatine-forming) inhibitors
arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) inhibitor
arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.19 (arginine decarboxylase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fructose-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11).
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase inhibitor
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase inhibitors
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitor
D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitors
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase inhibitor
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase inhibitors
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitor
fructose 1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitors
fructose 1,6-diphosphate phosphatase inhibitor
fructose 1,6-diphosphate phosphatase inhibitors
fructose bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitor
fructose bisphosphate phosphatase inhibitors
fructose diphosphate phosphatase inhibitor
fructose diphosphate phosphatase inhibitors
fructose-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) inhibitor
fructose-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (EC 2.1.1.79).
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclising) inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclising) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclizing) inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase (cyclizing) inhibitors
cyclopropane fatty acid synthase inhibitors
cyclopropane fatty acid synthetase inhibitor
cyclopropane fatty acid synthetase inhibitors
cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase (EC 2.1.1.79) inhibitor
cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase (EC 2.1.1.79) inhibitors
cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase inhibitor
cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase inhibitors
unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase inhibitor
unsaturated-phospholipid methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific), EC 2.1.1.72.
DNA adenine methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.72 (site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)) inhibitor
EC 2.1.1.72 (site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitors
restriction-modification system inhibitor
restriction-modification system inhibitors
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) (EC 2.1.1.72) inhibitor
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) (EC 2.1.1.72) inhibitors
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) inhibitor
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor
Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be more likely than second generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements; such body movements can become permanent even after treatment has ceased.
Antipsychotic drugs which can have different modes of action but which tend to be less likely than first generation antipsychotics to cause extrapyramidal motor control disabilities such as body rigidity or Parkinson's disease-type movements.
An antagonist at the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonists
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5).
activated blood-coagulation factor II inhibitor
activated blood-coagulation factor II inhibitors
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.114), a key enzyme target in the development of anti-cancer therapies.
(1->3)-(1->6)-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase inhibitor
(1->3)-(1->6)-mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase inhibitors
1,3-(1,6-)mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase inhibitor
1,3-(1,6-)mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-D-mannohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitors
GlcNAc transferase I-dependent alpha1,3[alpha1,6]mannosidase inhibitor
GlcNAc transferase I-dependent alpha1,3[alpha1,6]mannosidase inhibitors
exo-1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase inhibitors
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.114) inhibitor
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.114) inhibitors
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase inhibitor
mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1).
nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 agonist
nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 agonists
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
A compound that inhibits the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist
gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonists
Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity.
An agonist that binds to and activates erythropeotin receptors.
An agonist that binds to and activates prostaglandin receptors.
A membrane transport modulator that restores the chloride ion transport ability of defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes.
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiators
An antagonist that interferes with the action of smoothened (SMO) receptor.
Any compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia.
Any compound that improves mental functions such as cognition, memory, intelligence, motivation, attention, and concentration.
Any compound used for the treatment of eye conditions or eye diseases.
Any compound that is able to protect normal cells from the damage caused by radiation therapy.
Any compound which inhibits the postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
Any compound used to suppress premature labour and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions.
An agonist that binds to and activates cannabinoid receptors.
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
A chemosterilant intended to sterilize insects.
A ryanodine receptor modulator which activates the receptor. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) act as selective ion channels, modulating the release of calcium. Activating the receptors causes the release of calcium, so depleting internal calcium and ultimately preventing further muscle contraction.
A reagent used in the determination of the concentration of a coloured chemical element or chemical compound in solution.
In NMR spectroscopy a reagent added to a solution to induce chemical shifts and thus simplify complex spectra.
nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagent
nuclear magnetic resonance shift reagents
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor which interferes with the action of microbial collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3, also formerly EC 3.4.4.19 and EC 3.4.99.5).
Achromobacter iophagus collagenase inhibitor
Achromobacter iophagus collagenase inhibitors
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase inhibitor
Clostridium histolyticum collagenase inhibitors
Clostridium histolyticum proteinase A inhibitor
Clostridium histolyticum proteinase A inhibitors
EC 3.4.24.3 (microbial collagenase) inhibitors
microbial collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) inhibitor
microbial collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) inhibitors
EC 3.4.24.3 (microbial collagenase) inhibitor
An inhibitor that interferes with the process of gap junctional intercellular communication.
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitors
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a retinoic acid receptor.
An antogonist that interferes with the action of activator protein 1 (AP-1).
A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45).
D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase inhibitor
D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitors
glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase inhibitor
glucosphingosine glucosylhydrolase inhibitors
glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45) inhibitor
glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45) inhibitors
glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase inhibitor
glucosylsphingosine beta-D-glucosidase inhibitors
glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase inhibitor
glucosylsphingosine beta-glucosidase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sucrose alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.48).
EC 3.2.1.48 (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) inhibitors
sucrose alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.48) inhibitor
sucrose alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.48) inhibitors
sucrose-alpha-D-glucohydrolase inhibitor
sucrose-alpha-D-glucohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.48 (sucrose alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of sucrose oligo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10).
EC 3.2.1.10 (oligo-1,6-glucosidase) inhibitors
dextrin 6alpha-glucanohydrolase inhibitor
dextrin 6alpha-glucanohydrolase inhibitors
oligo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10) inhibitor
oligo-1,6-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.10) inhibitors
oligosaccharide alpha-1,6-glucohydrolase inhibitor
oligosaccharide alpha-1,6-glucohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.10 (oligo-1,6-glucosidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20).
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitors
alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) inhibitor
alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (EC 2.5.1.59).
EC 2.5.1.59 (protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I) inhibitors
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase inhibitor
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:protein-cysteine geranyltransferase inhibitors
geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitor
geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitors
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (EC 2.5.1.59) inhibitor
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (EC 2.5.1.59) inhibitors
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitor
protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.59 (protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I) inhibitor
An inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, an enzyme required for the integration of the genetic material of the retrovirus into the DNA of the infected cells.
A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.
A protein kinase inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis and transcription. mTOR inhibitors are used to prevent transplant rejection and in treatment of cancer.
mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors
Any substance that inhibits the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
A compound which causes a reduction in the levels of glutathione in cells.
An EC 1.3.98.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors, with other, known, acceptors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate), EC 1.3.98.1 (formerly EC 1.3.3.1).
(S)-dihydroorotate:fumarate oxidoreductase inhibitor
(S)-dihydroorotate:fumarate oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.98.1 (dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)) inhibitor
EC 1.3.98.1 (dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)) inhibitors
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitors
dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate) (EC 1.3.98.1) inhibitor
dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate) (EC 1.3.98.1) inhibitors
dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate) inhibitor
dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate) inhibitors
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor
A pathway inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of pyrimidine.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates guanylate cyclase 2C receptors.
An antagonist at the bradykinin receptor.
purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonist
purinergic receptor subtype P2Y12 antagonists
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of coagulation factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6).
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitors
activated Stuart-Prower factor inhibitor
activated Stuart-Prower factor inhibitors
activated blood-coagulation factor X inhibitor
activated blood-coagulation factor X inhibitors
coagulation factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6) inhibitor
coagulation factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6) inhibitors
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.14.* (dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitor that specifically inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (EC 3.4.14.5).
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitors
T cell triggering molecule Tp103 inhibitor
T cell triggering molecule Tp103 inhibitors
X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase inhibitor
X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase inhibitors
Xaa-Pro-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase inhibitor
Xaa-Pro-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase inhibitors
amino acyl-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase inhibitor
amino acyl-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase inhibitors
dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitor
dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitors
glycylprolyl dipeptidylaminopeptidase inhibitor
glycylprolyl dipeptidylaminopeptidase inhibitors
postproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV inhibitor
postproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV inhibitors
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome P450 17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (EC 1.14.99.9).
17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitor
17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitors
17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase inhibitor
17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitors
cytochrome P450 (P-45017alpha,lyase) inhibitor
cytochrome P450 (P-45017alpha,lyase) inhibitors
cytochrome P450 17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitor
cytochrome P450 17-alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitors
steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.9) inhibitor
steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.9) inhibitors
steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase inhibitors
steroid 17alphahydroxylase/17,20 lyase inhibitor
steroid 17alphahydroxylase/17,20 lyase inhibitors
steroid,NADPH--hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating) inhibitor
steroid,NADPH--hemoprotein reductase:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor that specifically blocks the action of phosphodiesterase IV.
An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.
A hormone agonist that binds to and activates progesterone receptors.
An EC 6.4.1.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2).
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitors
acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) inhibitor
acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) inhibitors
acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor
Any compound which induces a partially or terminally differentiated cell to revert to an earlier developmental stage.
An EC 5.99.1.* (miscellaneous isomerase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any of the topoisomerases (enzymes that regulate the overwinding or underwinding of DNA).
Any substance that inhibits the polymerisation of the protein actin.
Any protein kinase inhibitor that inhibits the action of an Aurora kinase (a group of serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell proliferation).
Any substance which blocks the painful sensation of heat caused by capsaicin acting on the TRPV1 ion channel.
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 antagonist
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 antagonists
Any compound which acts on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulator
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor modulators
A PPAR modulator which activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists
An EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12).
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.12 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)) inhibitor
EC 1.2.1.12 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)) inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.12 [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)] inhibitors
NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
NADH-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADH-glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate inhibitor
dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate inhibitors
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor
glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors
glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase inhibitor
glyceraldehyde-3-P-dehydrogenase inhibitors
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.12) inhibitor
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.12) inhibitors
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
triosephosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.12 [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)] inhibitor
An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor which interferes with the action of cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15).
Aldrichina grahami cysteine proteinase inhibitor
Aldrichina grahami cysteine proteinase inhibitors
A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits papain (EC 3.4.22.2).
An antiprotozoal drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania.
Any entity used to generate reactive oxygen species.
An agonist that binds to and activates G-protein-coupled receptors
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonists
A hormone receptor modulator that acts as a complete or partial agonist or as an antagonist at the progesterone receptor.
Any drug that has been developed specifically for treatment of a rare medical condition, the condition itself being known as an orphan disease.
Any compound that binds and activates the enzyme carbamylphosphate synthetase I.
carbamylphosphate synthetase I activators
carbamylphosphate synthetase I activator
A compound that blocks the processing of the Gag precursor protein in HIV-1 by the viral protease enzyme, leading to the formation of noninfectious, immature virus particles that are incapable of infecting other cells.
A histamine agonist that binds to and activates H1-receptors.
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.4).
EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitors
N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitor
N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitors
N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase inhibitor
N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitors
acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.4) inhibitor
acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.4) inhibitors
acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitor
acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase inhibitors
acetylserotonin methyltransferase inhibitor
acetylserotonin methyltransferase inhibitors
hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase inhibitor
hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase inhibitors
hydroxyindole methyltransferase inhibitor
hydroxyindole methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Sir2.
An agonist that binds to and activates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist
Any intra-glandular substance that acts as a precursor of a hormone, usually having minimal hormonal effect itself. Prohormones generally help in amplifying the effect of existing hormones.
An antagonist at any adenosine receptor.
An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*)
A signalling molecule produced and used by bacteria participating in quorum sensing, that is, in cell-cell communication to coordinate community-wide regulation of processes such as biofilm formation, virulence, and bioluminescence in populations of bacteria. Such communication can occur both within and between different species of bacteria.
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85), a multi-enzyme protein involved in fatty acid synthesis.
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing) inhibitor
acyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing and thioester-hydrolysing) inhibitors
fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85) inhibitor
fatty acid synthase (EC 2.3.1.85) inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ceramidase (EC 3.5.1.23).
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase inhibitor
N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase inhibitors
glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase inhibitor
glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase inhibitors
A PPAR modulator which activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma.
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists
An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.
An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor that blocks the action of 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35).
3',5'-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitors
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35) inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35) inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitors
cyclic 3',5'-GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic 3',5'-GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cyclic guanosine 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor
guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptide deformylase (EC 3.5.1.88), involved in the catalytic removal of the N-terminal formyl group of nascent proteins.
EC 3.5.1.88 (peptide deformylase) inhibitors
formyl-L-methionyl peptide amidohydrolase inhibitor
formyl-L-methionyl peptide amidohydrolase inhibitors
peptide deformylase (EC 3.5.1.88) inhibitor
peptide deformylase (EC 3.5.1.88) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.88 (peptide deformylase) inhibitor
Any molecule shown to have the potentiality in stimulating the effect of nerve growth factor.
An inhibitor that interferes with the action of MTP.
microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor
microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitors
An agonist that binds to and activates glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) receptors.
glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonists
glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist
Any toxin secreted by bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa enabling them to achieve colonisation of a niche in the host, inhibit or evade the host's immune response, enter and exit cells, or obtain nutrition from the host.
A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin B1 by enzymes from animal tissues.
An inhibitor that interferes with vesicular glutamate transport.
vesicular glutamate transport inhibitors
vesicular glutamate transporter 1 inhibitor
vesicular glutamate transporter 1 inhibitors
Any compound that promotes the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels.
A pheromone which is released by an organism when damaged by a predator which warns other individuals that there is a danger.
An EC 2.3.2.* (aminoacyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.13).
EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitors
R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl transferase inhibitor
glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor
glutaminylpeptide gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitors
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.13) inhibitor
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.13) inhibitors
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitors
protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitor
protein-glutamine:amine gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs).
Any inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2).
breast cancer resistance protein inhibitors
breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
Any inhibitor of the biosynthesis of carotenoids.
An EC 1.3.99.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with other acceptors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming), EC 1.3.99.29, an enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis that converts phytoene into zeta-carotene (zeta-carotene) via the symmetrical introduction of two double bonds at the C-11 and C-11' positions of phytoene.
15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (zeta-carotene-forming) inhibitor
15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (zeta-carotene-forming) inhibitors
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitors
phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming) (EC 1.3.99.29) inhibitor
phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming) (EC 1.3.99.29) inhibitors
phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming) inhibitor
phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming) inhibitors
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor
An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.52).
D-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitor
D-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitors
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.52) inhibitor
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.52) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbonyl reductase (NADPH), EC 1.1.1.184.
EC 1.1.1.184 (carbonyl reductase (NADPH)) inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.184 (carbonyl reductase (NADPH)) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitors
NADPH2-dependent carbonyl reductase inhibitor
NADPH2-dependent carbonyl reductase inhibitors
carbonyl reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.184) inhibitor
carbonyl reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.184) inhibitors
nonspecific NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase inhibitor
nonspecific NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase inhibitors
prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase inhibitors
secondary-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
secondary-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor
An EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidases) inhibitor that inhibits the action of L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11).
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitors
L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) inhibitor
L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) inhibitors
L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitors
L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase inhibitor
L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor
Any compound that protects plants by activating their defence mechanisms.
Any compound that inhibits one or more steps in the pathway leading to the synthesis of brassinosteroids.
An agent that reduces or interferes with the mutagenic actions or effects of a substance.
An agonist that binds to and activates abscisic acid receptors.
An EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4).
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitors
protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors
protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitor
protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors
protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
protoporphyrinogen-IX:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor
Any compound that inhibits one or more steps in the pathway leading to the synthesis of gibberellins.
An EC 4.4.1.* (C-S lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of the enzyme methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11).
EC 4.4.1.11 (methionine gamma-lyase) inhibitors
methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11) inhibitor
methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11) inhibitors
EC 4.4.1.11 (methionine gamma-lyase) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase inhibitor (EC 3.6.3.14).
ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)-transporting) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (H(+)-transporting) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitors
H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase (EC 3.6.3.14) inhibitor
H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase (EC 3.6.3.14) inhibitors
H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase inhibitor
H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase inhibitors
bacterial Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase inhibitor
bacterial Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ATPase inhibitors
coupling factors (Fo, F1 and CF1) inhibitor
coupling factors (Fo, F1 and CF1) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase which acts on acid anhydrides (EC 3.6.*.*).
EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*)
inhibitors of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*)
EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor
An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor
nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells inhibitors
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 3.
Any compound that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation.
Any inhibitor that interferes with the action of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.
sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitors
sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
A hormone antagonist that inhibits the action of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin.
An agonist at the adenosine A3 receptor.
An acaricide that kills mites of the genus Sarcoptes.
A hormone agonist that binds to and activates a thyroid hormone receptor.
A photochemical role realized in the absorption of ultraviolet light, for example to protect skin cells from damage.
A drug used in treating and healing of wounds.
Any agent used to determine the amino-acid sequence in a polypeptide.
An EC 2.7.3.* (phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of creatine kinase, EC 2.7.3.2.
Any EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of methionyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.18).
EC 3.4.11.18 (methionyl aminopeptidase) inhibitors
methionyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.18) inhibitor
methionyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.18) inhibitors
EC 3.4.11.18 (methionyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor
Any methionyl aminopeptidase inhibitor that inhibits the action of methionyl aminopeptidase 2.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 1 cannabinoid receptors.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 2 cannabinoid receptors.
A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.
A reagent used in the determination by spectrophotometry of the concentration of a chemical element or chemical compound in solution.
A substance that invokes a specific immune non-responsiveness due to its molecular form. If its molecular form is changed, a tolerogen can become an immunogen.
A reagent used to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis.
A PPAR modulator which activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta.
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 2 agonist
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 2 agonists
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta agonist
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta agonists
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonists
Any compound that inhibits the growth of bacteria of the genus Vibrio.
An antimetabolite that impairs the action of folic acids
Any compound that binds to and activates the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39).
Any substance that stimulates the corneal nerves in the eves to cause tears.
Substance used to set dyes on fabrics or tissue sections by forming a coordination complex with the dye which then attaches to the fabric or tissue.
An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that inhibits the action of ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1).
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitor
2'-deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate:thioredoxin-disulfide 2'-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitors
nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor
nucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors
ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitor
ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase inhibitors
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitor
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase (EC 1.17.4.1) inhibitors
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitor
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase inhibitors
ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitor
ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase inhibitors
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming), EC 1.1.1.153, which plays an important part in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin.
7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase
7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP(+) oxidoreductases
EC 1.1.1.153 (sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)) inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.153 (sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitors
L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming) (EC 1.1.1.153) inhibitor
sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming) (EC 1.1.1.153) inhibitors
sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming) inhibitor
sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor
Any compound used as a monomer for a polymerisation process. The term is generally used in relation to industrial polymerisation processes.
An compound that inhibits quinol oxidation sites.
An antagonist at the epidermal growth factor receptor.
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists
epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor
epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
Any substance which is used to reduce or control weight.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44).
6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor
6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase inhibitors
6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
6-phosphogluconic carboxylase inhibitors
6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase inhibitor
6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) inhibitor
NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) inhibitors
NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitor
NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inhibitors
phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+ -dependent, decarboxylating) inhibitor
phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP+ -dependent, decarboxylating) inhibitors
phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor
phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen).
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of curare.
An EC 2.3.2.* (aminoacyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2).
(5-L-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase inhibitor
(5-L-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitors
L-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor
L-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors
alpha-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors
gamma-glutamyl peptidyltransferase inhibitor
gamma-glutamyl peptidyltransferase inhibitors
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitors
gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) inhibitor
gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) inhibitors
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.
A compound used as a probe during microarray analysis of oligosaccharide-protein interactions.
A reagent used in the immobilization of compounds prior to their use in microarray analysis.
An EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of memapsin 2 (EC 3.4.23.46).
beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor
beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitors
beta-site Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor
beta-site Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors
beta-site Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor
beta-site Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitors
membrane-associated aspartic protease 2 inhibitor
membrane-associated aspartic protease 2 inhibitors
An EC 3.1.27.* (endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ribonuclease T1 (EC 3.1.27.3).
Aspergillus oryzae ribonuclease inhibitor
Aspergillus oryzae ribonuclease inhibitors
EC 3.1.27.3 (ribonuclease T1) inhibitors
ribonuclease T1 (EC 3.1.27.3) inhibitors
ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclising) inhibitor
ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclising) inhibitors
ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing) inhibitor
ribonuclease guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing) inhibitors
A serine/threonine kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits human mutant serine/threonine kinase (B-Raf)
human mutant serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
human mutant serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
Colourless, endogenous or exogenous pigment precursors that may be transformed by biological mechanisms into coloured compounds. They are used in biochemical assays and in diagnosis as indicators, particularly in the form of enzyme substrates.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21).
EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitors
farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase inhibitor
farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase inhibitors
farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase inhibitor
farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase inhibitors
presqualene-diphosphate synthase inhibitor
presqualene-diphosphate synthase inhibitors
squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21) inhibitor
squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitor
An EC 5.4.3.* (intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups) inhibitor that interferes with the action of lysine 2,3-aminomutase (EC 5.4.3.2).
EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitors
lysine 2,3-aminomutase (EC 5.4.3.2) inhibitor
lysine 2,3-aminomutase (EC 5.4.3.2) inhibitors
EC 5.4.3.2 (lysine 2,3-aminomutase) inhibitor
An antagonist at the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1.
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonists
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
Any compound that inhibits one or more steps in the pathway leading to the synthesis of ergosterol.
Any substance that can induce the release of histamine from mast cells.
A generally pharmacologically inactive substance that is formulated with the active ingredient of a medication.
Any substance that accelerates defecation. Compare with laxatives, which are substances that ease defecation (usually by softening faeces). A substance can be both a laxative and a cathartic.
A chemical additive used to toughen or harden a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains.
An inhibitor of peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.*) that inhibits the action of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6).
hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitor
hydrogen-peroxide:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitors
An EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any of the peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.*).
An agonist that binds to and activates platelet-activating factor receptors.
platelet-activating factor receptor agonists
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
An EC 6.1.* (C-O bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ligase forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds (EC 6.1.1.*).
EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitors
ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds (EC 6.1.1.*) inhibitor
ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds (EC 6.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor
An EC 1.4.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine decarboxylase (EC 1.4.4.2).
EC 1.4.4.2 (glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)) inhibitor
EC 1.4.4.2 (glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)) inhibitors
EC 1.4.4.2 [glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)] inhibitors
glycine cleavage system P-protein inhibitor
glycine cleavage system P-protein inhibitors
glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) (EC 1.4.4.2) inhibitor
glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) (EC 1.4.4.2) inhibitors
glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) inhibitor
glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring) inhibitors
glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
glycine-cleavage complex P-protein inhibitor
glycine-cleavage complex P-protein inhibitors
glycine:H-protein-lipoyllysine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-amino-methylating)
glycine:H-protein-lipoyllysine oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, acceptor-amino-methylating) inhibitor
glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating) inhibitor
glycine:lipoylprotein oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-aminomethylating) inhibitors
EC 1.4.4.2 [glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)] inhibitor
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that specifically inhibits the action of seryl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.11).
EC 6.1.1.11 (serine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
EC 6.1.1.11 (serine--tRNA ligase) inhibitors
L-serine:tRNA(Ser) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-serine:tRNA(Ser) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
serine--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.11) inhibitor
serine--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.11) inhibitors
seryl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitors
seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitor
seryl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitors
seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitor
seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitors
An EC 5.1.1.* (racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1).
EC 5.1.1.1 (alanine racemase) inhibitors
alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) inhibitors
An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of an isomerase (EC 5.*.*.*).
An acid--amino-acid ligase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.4).
D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.4) inhibitor
D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (EC 6.3.2.4) inhibitors
D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.4 (D-alanine--D-alanine ligase) inhibitors
alanine:alanine ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
alanine:alanine ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.4 (D-alanine--D-alanine ligase) inhibitor
An acid--amino-acid ligase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a glutamate--cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2)
EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitors
gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase inhibitor
gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase inhibitors
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitors
gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase inhibitor
gamma-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase inhibitors
glutamate--cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2) inhibitor
glutamate--cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*.*).
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitor
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitors
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a ligase (EC 6.*.*.*). Ligases are enzymes that catalyse the joining of two molecules with concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-C bond-forming ligase (EC 6.4.*.*).
C-C bond-forming ligase (EC 6.4.*) inhibitor
C-C bond-forming ligase (EC 6.4.*) inhibitorS
EC 6.4.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS
EC 6.4.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
A ligase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase (EC 6.5.*.*).
EC 6.5.* (phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase) inhibitors
phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase (EC 6.5.*) inhibitor
phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase (EC 6.5.*) inhibitors
phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase inhibitor
phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase inhibitors
EC 6.5.* (phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
A compound which increases either the number of red cells or the amount of haemoglobin in the blood.
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of ubiquitin--protein ligase (EC 6.3.2.19).
EC 6.3.2.19 (ubiquitin--protein ligase) inhibitors
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 inhibitor
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 inhibitors
ubiquitin:protein-lysine N-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
ubiquitin:protein-lysine N-ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.3.2.19 (ubiquitin--protein ligase) inhibitor
Any compound that binds to and activates soluble guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2).
Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound.
A non-fluorescent small compound which become fluorescent only when complexed to a fluorogen activating protein (FAP).
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48).
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitors
acetyl-CoA:histone acetyltransferase inhibitor
acetyl-CoA:histone acetyltransferase inhibitors
histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48) inhibitor
histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48) inhibitors
nucleosome-histone acetyltransferase inhibitor
nucleosome-histone acetyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in corals (marine invertebrates).
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in marine macro- and microorganisms.
Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the kidney.
An EC 2.7.10.* (protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor that specifically blocks the action of non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.2).
ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitor
ATP:[protein]-L-tyrosine O-phosphotransferase (non-specific) inhibitors
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitors
cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.2) inhibitor
non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.2) inhibitors
p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
p60c-src protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
A compound used to return an excited fluorophore to the ground state by transfer of energy from fluorophore to quencher without the emission of light, with the quencher being promoted to its own excited state.
A transferase inhibitor inhibiting the action of transferase of a one-carbon-containing group (EC 2.1.*.*).
one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitor
one-carbon-containing group transferase inhibitors
A transferase inhibitor interfering with the action of any transferase that transfers an aldehyde or ketone group (EC 2.2.*.*).
EC 2.2.* (aldehyde or ketone transferase) inhibitors
aldehyde or ketone transferase inhibitor
aldehyde or ketone transferase inhibitors
aldehyde/ketone transferase (EC 2.2.*) inhibitor
aldehyde/ketone transferase (EC 2.2.*) inhibitors
EC 2.2.* (aldehyde or ketone transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acyltransferase (EC 2.3.*.*).
A transferase inhibitor inhibiting the action of a glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.*.*).
EC 2.4.* (glycosyltransferase) inhibitors
glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.*) inhibitor
glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.*) inhibitors
EC 2.4.* (glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*).
EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors
alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitor
alkyl/aryl (non-methyl) transferase inhibitors
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase (EC 2.5.1.*) inhibitors
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitor
non-methyl alkyl/aryl transferase inhibitors
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitor
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits a nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*.*).
nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitor
nitrogenous group transferase (EC 2.6.*) inhibitors
nitrogenous group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*).
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a sulfur-containing group transferase (EC 2.8.*.*).
EC 2.8.* (S-containing group transferase) inhibitor
EC 2.8.* (S-containing group transferase) inhibitors
S-containing group transferase inhibitor
S-containing group transferase inhibitors
sulfur-containing group transferase (EC 2.8.*) inhibitor
sulfur-containing group transferase (EC 2.8.*) inhibitors
sulfur-containing group transferase inhibitor
sulfur-containing group transferase inhibitors
A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a selenium-containing group transferase (EC 2.9.*.*).
EC 2.9.* (Se-containing group transferase) inhibitors
Se-containing group transferase inhibitor
Se-containing group transferase inhibitors
selenium-containing group transferase (EC 2.9.*) inhibitor
selenium-containing group transferase (EC 2.9.*) inhibitors
selenium-containing group transferase inhibitor
selenium-containing group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.9.* (Se-containing group transferase) inhibitor
A transferase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a molybdenum- or tungsten-containing group transferase (EC 2.10.*.*).
EC 2.10.* (Mo- or W-containing group transferase) inhibitors
Mo- or W-containing group transferase (EC 2.10.*) inhibitor
Mo- or W-containing group transferase (EC 2.10.*) inhibitors
Mo- or W-containing group transferase inhibitor
Mo- or W-containing group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.10.* (Mo- or W-containing group transferase) inhibitor
An isomerase inhibitor interfering with the action of a racemase or epimerase (EC 5.1.*.*).
EC 5.1.* (racemase/epimerase) inhibitors
racemase and epimerase (EC 5.1*) inhibitor
racemase and epimerase (EC 5.1*) inhibitors
An isomerase inhibitor interfering with the action of a cis-trans-isomerase (EC 5.2.*.*).
EC 5.2.* (cis-trans-isomerase) inhibitors
cis-trans-isomerase (EC5.2.*) inhibitors
EC 5.2.* (cis-trans-isomerase) inhibitor
An isomerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an intramolecular oxidoreductase (EC 5.3.*.*).
EC 5.3.* (intramolecular oxidoreductase) inhibitors
intramolecular oxidoreductase (EC 5.3.*) inhibitor
intramolecular oxidoreductase (EC 5.3.*) inhibitors
intramolecular oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 5.3.* (intramolecular oxidoreductase) inhibitor
An isomerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an intramolecular transferase (EC 5.4.*.*).
EC 5.4.* (intramolecular transferase) inhibitors
intramolecular transferase (EC 5.4.*) inhibitor
intramolecular transferase (EC 5.4.*) inhibitors
EC 5.4.* (intramolecular transferase) inhibitor
An isomerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of an intramolecular lyase (EC 5.5.*.*).
EC 5.5.* (intramolecular lyase) inhibitors
EC 5.5.* (intramolecular lyase) inhibitor
An isomerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any member of the group of 'other isomerases' (EC 5.99.*.*).
EC 5.99.* (miscellaneous isomerases) inhibitor
EC 5.99.* (miscellaneous isomerases) inhibitors
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-O bond-forming ligase (EC 6.1.*.*).
C-O bond-forming ligase (EC 6.1.*) inhibitor
C-O bond-forming ligase (EC 6.1.*) inhibitors
EC 6.1.* (C-O bond-forming ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.1.* (C-O bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-S bond-forming ligase (EC 6.2.*.*).
C-S bond-forming ligase (EC 6.2.*) inhibitor
C-S bond-forming ligase (EC 6.2.*) inhibitors
EC 6.2.* (C-S bond-forming ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.2.* (C-S bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
A ligase inhibitor which interferes with the action of a nitrogen-metal bond-forming ligase (EC 6.6.*.*).
EC 6.6.* (N-metal bond-forming ligase) inhibitors
N-metal bond-forming ligase (EC 6.6.*) inhibitor
N-metal bond-forming ligase (EC 6.6.*) inhibitors
EC 6.6.* (N-metal bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation.
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-C lyase (EC 4.1.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-O lyase (EC 4.2.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-N lyase (EC 4.3.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-S lyase (EC 4.4.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-halide lyase (EC 4.5.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a P-O lyase (EC 4.6.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-P lyase (EC 4.6.*.*).
A lyase inhibitor which interferes with the activity of a lyase in the EC 4.99.*.* group.
EC 4.99.* (miscellaneous lyase) inhibitors
miscellaneous lyase (EC 4.99.*) inhibitor
miscellaneous lyase (EC 4.99.*) inhibitors
EC 4.99.* (miscellaneous lyase) inhibitor
A synthetic oligonucleotide whose base sequence is complementary to a gene's messenger RNA (mRNA) and which will bind with the mRNA inactivating it.
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*).
EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitors
EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (EC 1.2.*.*).
EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitor
EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitors
EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitors
EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-CH group of donors (EC 1.3.*.*).
EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group (EC 1.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group (EC 1.3.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group inhibitors
EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*.*).
EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor
EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donor inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH2 group of donors (EC 1.4.*) inhibitors
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-NH group of donors (EC 1.5.*.*).
EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group (EC 1.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group (EC 1.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH (EC 1.6.*.*).
EC 1.6.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH (EC 1.6.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH (EC 1.6.*)
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH (EC 1.6.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH (EC 1.6.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH inhibitors
EC 1.6.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase of class EC 1.7.*.* (acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors).
EC 1.7.* (oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors (EC 1.7.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors (EC 1.7.*)
EC 1.7.* (oxidoreductase acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase of class EC 1.8.*.* (acting on a sulfur group of donors).
EC 1.8.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a sulfur group of donors (EC 1.8.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a sulfur group of donors (EC 1.8.*) inhibitors
EC 1.8.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*).
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors (EC 1.10.*.*).
EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitor
EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitors
inhibitor of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donor
inhibitor of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donor (EC 1.10.*)
inhibitor of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors
inhibitors of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donor
inhibitors of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donor (EC 1.10.*)
inhibitors of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors
EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*.*).
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitors
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.12.*.*).
EC 1.12.* (oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.12.* (oxidoreductases acting on hydrogen as donors) inhibitor
EC 1.12.* (oxidoreductases acting on hydrogen as donors) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.12.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.12.*)
oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors inhibitors
EC 1.12.* (oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases), EC 1.13.*.*.
EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitors
EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*).
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor (EC 1.15.*.*).
EC 1.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor (EC 1.15.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor (EC 1.15.*)
oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor (EC 1.15.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor (EC 1.15.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor inhibitors
EC 1.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on superoxide as acceptor) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions (EC 1.16.*.*).
EC 1.16.* (oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions) inhibitors
EC 1.16.* (oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions) inhibitor
EC 1.16.* (oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions) inhibitors
oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions (EC 1.16.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions (EC 1.16.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions inhibitor
oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions inhibitors
oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions (EC 1.16.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions (EC 1.16.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions inhibitor
oxidoreductase oxidizing metal ions inhibitors
EC 1.16.* (oxidoreductase oxidising metal ions) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*.*).
EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 (EC 1.17.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 inhibitors
EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors (EC 1.18.*.*).
EC 1.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors) inhibitor
EC 1.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors
oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors (EC 1.18.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors (EC 1.18.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors (EC 1.18.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on iron-sulfur proteins as donors (EC 1.18.*) inhibitors
EC 1.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on Fe-S proteins as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor (EC 1.19.*.*).
EC 1.19.* (oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor (EC 1.19.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor (EC 1.19.*)
oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor (EC 1.19.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor (EC 1.19.*) inhibitors
EC 1.19.* (oxidoreductase acting on reduced flavodoxin as donor) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors (EC 1.20.*.*).
EC 1.20.* (oxidoreductase acting on P or As in donors) inhibitors
EC 1.20.* (oxidoreductase acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors) inhibitor
EC 1.20.* (oxidoreductase acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on P or As in donors (EC 1.20.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on P or As in donors (EC 1.20.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors (EC 1.20.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors (EC 1.20.*) inhibitors
EC 1.20.* (oxidoreductase acting on P or As in donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond (EC 1.21.*.*).
EC 1.21.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond (EC 1.21.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond (EC 1.21.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond inhibitors
EC 1.21.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors (EC 1.22.*.*).
EC 1.22.* (oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors (EC 1.22.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors (EC 1.22.*)
oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors (EC 1.22.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors (EC 1.22.*) inhibitors
EC 1.22.* (oxidoreductase acting on halogen in donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor (EC 1.23.*.*).
EC 1.23.* (oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor (EC 1.23.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor (EC 1.23.*)
oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor (EC 1.23.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor (EC 1.23.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor inhibitors
EC 1.23.* (oxidoreductase acting on C-O-C group as acceptor) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of any oxidoreductase that is classified as EC 1.97.*.*, (those oxidoreductases not included in any other EC 1.* category).
EC 1.97.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase) inhibitor
EC 1.97.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase) inhibitors
EC 1.97.* (other oxidoreductase) inhibitors
inhibitor of 'other' oxidoreductase (EC 1.97.*)
inhibitor of miscellaneous oxidoreductase (EC 1.97.*)
inhibitors of 'other' oxidoreductase (EC 1.97.*)
inhibitors of miscellaneous oxidoreductase (EC 1.97.*)
EC 1.97.* (other oxidoreductase) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of any oxidoreductase using H2 as reductant (EC 1.98.*.*).
EC 1.98.* (enzymes using H2 as reductant) inhibitors
inhibitor of enzymes using H2 as reductant (EC 1.98.*)
inhibitors of enzymes using H2 as reductant (EC 1.98.*)
EC 1.98.* (enzymes using H2 as reductant) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of any oxidoreductase that is classified as EC 1.99.*.* (other oxidoreductases using O2 as oxidant).
EC 1.99.* (other oxidoreductases using O2 as oxidant) inhibitors
EC 1.99.* (other oxidoreductases using O2 as oxidant) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*).
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any glycosylase (EC 3.2.*.*).
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydrolase acting on an ether bond (EC 3.3.*.*).
EC 3.3.* (hydrolase acting on ether bond) inhibitor
EC 3.3.* (hydrolase acting on ether bond) inhibitors
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on carbon-carbon bonds (EC 3.7.*.*).
EC 3.7.* (hydrolases acting on C-C bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.7.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-carbon bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.7.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-carbon bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.7.* (hydrolases acting on C-C bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on halide bonds (EC 3.8.*.*).
EC 3.8.* (hydrolases acting on halide bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on halide bonds (EC 3.8.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on halide bonds (EC 3.8.*) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on halide bonds (EC 3.8.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on halide bonds (EC 3.8.*)
EC 3.8.* (hydrolases acting on halide bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.9.*.*).
EC 3.9.* (hydrolases acting on P-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.9.* (hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.9.* (hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on P-N bonds (EC 3.9.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on P-N bonds (EC 3.9.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.9.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.9.*) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on P-N bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on P-N bonds (EC 3.9.*)
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.9.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on P-N bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on P-N bonds (EC 3.9.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on phosphorus-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.9.*)
EC 3.9.* (hydrolases acting on P-N bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.10.*.*).
EC 3.10.* (hydrolases acting on S-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.10.* (hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.10.* (hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on S-N bonds (EC 3.10.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on S-N bonds (EC 3.10.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.10.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.10.*) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on S-N bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on S-N bonds (EC 3.10.*)
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.10.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on S-N bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on S-N bonds (EC 3.10.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on sulfur-nitrogen bonds (EC 3.10.*)
EC 3.10.* (hydrolases acting on S-N bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds (EC 3.11.*.*).
EC 3.11.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.11.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.11.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on C-P bonds (EC 3.11.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on C-P bonds (EC 3.11.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds (EC 3.11.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds (EC 3.11.*) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on C-P bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on C-P bonds (EC 3.11.*)
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds (EC 3.11.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on C-P bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on C-P bonds (EC 3.11.*)
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on carbon-phosphorus bonds (EC 3.11.*)
EC 3.11.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds (EC 3.12.*.*).
EC 3.12.* (hydrolases acting on S-S bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.12.* (hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.12.* (hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on S-S bonds (EC 3.12.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on S-S bonds (EC 3.12.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on S-S bonds inhibitor
hydrolases acting on S-S bonds inhibitors
hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds (EC 3.12.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds (EC 3.12.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds inhibitor
hydrolases acting on sulfur-sulfur bonds inhibitors
EC 3.12.* (hydrolases acting on S-S bonds) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on carbon-sulfur bonds (EC 3.13.*.*).
EC 3.13.* (hydrolases acting on C-S bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.13.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.13.* (hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on C-S bonds (EC 3.13.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on C-S bonds (EC 3.13.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on C-S bonds inhibitor
hydrolases acting on C-S bonds inhibitors
hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds (EC 3.13.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds (EC 3.13.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds inhibitor
hydrolases acting on carbon-sulfur bonds inhibitors
EC 3.13.* (hydrolases acting on C-S bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*).
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*).
EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors
inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase
inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*)
inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase
inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*)
phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor
phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors
phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor
phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26).
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitors
proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitor
proline-specific endopeptidase inhibitors
prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitor
prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) inhibitors
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of a peptidyl dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*).
EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitors
inhibitor of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*)
inhibitors of peptidyl-dipeptidases (EC 3.4.15.*)
peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitor
peptidyl-dipeptidase (EC 3.4.15.*) inhibitors
EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any endoribonuclease producing 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.26.*).
EC 3.1.26.* (endoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters) inhibitors
endoribonuclease producing 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.26.*) inhibitor
endoribonuclease producing 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.26.*) inhibitors
endoribonuclease producing 5'-phosphomonoesters inhibitor
endoribonuclease producing 5'-phosphomonoesters inhibitors
EC 3.1.26.* (endoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes wtih the action of any aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.*).
An EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidase (EC 3.4.14.*).
EC 3.4.14.* (dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitors
EC 3.4.14.*(dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitor
EC 3.4.14.*(dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitors
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidase (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitor
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidase (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitors
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidase inhibitor
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitor
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitors
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases inhibitor
dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases inhibitors
dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitor
dipeptidyl-peptidases and tripeptidyl-peptidases (EC 3.4.14.*) inhibitors
EC 3.4.14.* (dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.* (glycosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hexosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.*).
EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitors
hexosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.*) inhibitor
hexosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.*) inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.* (glycosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.*).
EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitors
pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.*) inhibitor
pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.*) inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any endoribonuclease producing other than a 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.27.*).
EC 3.1.27.* (endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters) inhibitors
inhibitor of endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters
inhibitor of endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.27.*)
inhibitors of endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters
inhibitors of endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters (EC 3.1.27.*)
EC 3.1.27.* (endoribonucleases producing other than 5'-phosphomonoesters) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of caspase-1 (EC 3.4.22.36).
interleukin 1 converting enzyme inhibitor
interleukin 1 converting enzyme inhibitors
interleukin 1beta converting enzyme inhibitor
interleukin 1beta converting enzyme inhibitors
interleukin 1beta precursor proteinase inhibitor
interleukin 1beta precursor proteinase inhibitors
interleukin 1beta-converting endopeptidase inhibitor
interleukin 1beta-converting endopeptidase inhibitors
interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme inhibitor
interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme inhibitors
interleukin-1 beta convertase precursor inhibitor
interleukin-1 beta convertase precursor inhibitors
interleukin-1beta converting enzyme inhibitor
interleukin-1beta converting enzyme inhibitors
interleukin-1beta precursor proteinase inhibitor
interleukin-1beta precursor proteinase inhibitors
precursor interleukin-1beta converting enzyme inhibitor
precursor interleukin-1beta converting enzyme inhibitors
pro-interleukin 1beta proteinase inhibitor
pro-interleukin 1beta proteinase inhibitors
prointerleukin 1beta protease inhibitors
An EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any cysteine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.*).
EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitors
cysteine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.*) inhibitor
cysteine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.*) inhibitors
EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18).
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitors
S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitor
S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase inhibitors
glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitor
glutathione S-alkyl transferase inhibitors
glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitor
glutathione S-alkyltransferase inhibitors
glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitor
glutathione S-aralkyltransferase inhibitors
glutathione S-aryltransferase inhibitors
glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor
glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4).
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitors
steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor
steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitors
steroid 11beta/18-hydroxylase inhibitors
steroid,reduced-adrenodoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11beta-hydroxylating) inhibitor
steroid,reduced-adrenodoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (11beta-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.*).
EC 3.5.2.* (non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.*) inhibitor
non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.*) inhibitors
non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase inhibitor
non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.5.2.* (non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.4.*).
EC 3.5.4.* (non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.4.*) inhibitor
non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.4.*) inhibitors
non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase inhibitor
non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.5.4.* (non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12).
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitors
sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase inhibitor
sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase inhibitors
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12) inhibitor
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.12) inhibitors
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase inhibitor
sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*).
EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitors
protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitor
protein-serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.*) inhibitors
protein-serine/threonine kinase inhibitor
EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*).
EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors
inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*)
inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*)
nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor
nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with any enzyme in the EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) category.
EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitors
EC 2.7.8.* (transferases for other substituted phosphate groups) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.*).
EC 2.7.10.* (protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitors
protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.*) inhibitor
protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.*) inhibitors
EC 2.7.10.* (protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (EC 2.7.3.*).
EC 2.7.3.* (phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor) inhibitors
phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (EC 2.7.3.*) inhibitor
phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor (EC 2.7.3.*) inhibitors
EC 2.7.3.* (phosphotransferases with a nitrogenous group as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31).
EC 3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase) inhibitors
beta-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase inhibitor
beta-D-glucuronoside glucuronosohydrolase inhibitors
beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) inhibitor
beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) inhibitors
beta-glucuronide glucuronohydrolase inhibitor
beta-glucuronide glucuronohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase) inhibitor
An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*).
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitors
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitor
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitor
An EC 6.4.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylating enzyme (EC 6.4.1.*).
EC 6.4.1.* (C-C bond forming ligase) inhibitor
EC 6.4.1.* (C-C bond forming ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.4.1.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitors
inhibitor of ligases forming C-C bonds (EC 6.4.1.*)
inhibitors of ligases forming C-C bonds (EC 6.4.1.*)
An EC 6.5.* (phosphoric ester bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of and DNA or RNA repair enzyme (EC 6.5.1.*).
EC 6.5.1.* (DNA/RNA repair enzymes) inhibitors
EC 6.5.1.* (DNA/RNA repair enzymes) inhibitor
An EC 5.1.* (racemase/epimerase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any racemase acting on amino acids or their derivatives (EC 5.1.1.*).
EC 5.1.1.* (racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives) inhibitors
inhibitor of racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives
inhibitor of racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives (EC 5.1.1.*)
inhibitors of racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives
inhibitors of racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives (EC 5.1.1.*)
EC 5.1.1.* (racemases acting on amino acids and derivatives) inhibitor
An EC 5.4.* (intramolecular transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups (EC 5.4.3.*).
EC 5.4.3.* (intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups) inhibitors
inhibitor of intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups
inhibitor of intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups (EC 5.4.3.*)
inhibitors of intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups
inhibitors of intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups (EC 5.4.3.*)
EC 5.4.3.* (intramolecular transferase transferring amino groups) inhibitor
An EC 5.99.* (other isomerases) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any enzyme in the EC 5.99.1.* class.
EC 5.99.1.* (miscellaneous isomerase) inhibitors
EC 5.99.1.* (miscellaneous isomerase) inhibitor
An EC 4.4.* (C-S lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any enzyme in the EC 4.4.1.* category.
An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*).
An EC 2.5.* (transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transferase that transfers an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.*).
EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitors
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitor
non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase (EC 2.5.*) inhibitors
EC 2.5.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*).
EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+)acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.1.3.*).
EC 1.1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.1.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.1.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of any oxidoreductase incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*).
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*).
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any enzyme in the EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous) category.
EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.99.*) inhibitor
miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.99.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using NADH or NADPH as one donor (EC 1.14.13.*).
EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor (EC 1.14.13.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor (EC 1.14.13.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor and incorporating one atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.15.*).
EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced Fe-S protein as one donor, incorporating 1 O atom) inhibitors
EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor
EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.15.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.15.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.15.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with reduced Fe-S protein as one donor, incorporating 1 O atom) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a miscellaneous compound as one donor and incorporating one atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.18.*).
EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.18.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.18.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.18.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, miscellaneous compound as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using reduced pteridine as one donor and incorporating one atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.16.*).
EC 1.14.16.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, reduced pteridine as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, reduced pteridine as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.16.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, reduced pteridine as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen (EC 1.14.16.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.16.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, reduced pteridine as one donor, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen) inhibitor
An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any such enzyme that uses a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*).
EC 1.17.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.17.4.*) inhibitors
EC 1.17.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.17.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme that uses oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*).
EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.17.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*).
EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.2.3.*).
EC 1.2.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.2.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.2.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.2.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*).
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme in the EC 1.3.98.* (with other, known, acceptors) category.
EC 1.3.98.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors, with other, known, acceptors) inhibitor
EC 1.3.98.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors, with other, known, acceptors) inhibitors
EC 1.3.98.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, with other, known, acceptors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors, with other, known, acceptors (EC 1.3.98.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors, with other, known, acceptors (EC 1.3.98.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.98.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, with other, known, acceptors) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme in the EC 1.3.98.* (with other acceptors) category.
EC 1.3.99.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with other acceptors) inhibitors
EC 1.3.99.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, with other acceptors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with other acceptors (EC 1.3.99.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with other acceptors (EC 1.3.99.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.99.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, with other acceptors) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.3.3.*).
EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.3.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.3.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*).
EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.4.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.4.4.*).
EC 1.4.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.4.4.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, a disulfide as acceptor (EC 1.4.4.*) inhibitors
EC 1.4.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, a disulfide as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*).
EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.6.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a quinone or similar as acceptor (EC 1.6.5.*).
EC 1.6.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar as acceptor (EC 1.6.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar as acceptor (EC 1.6.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.6.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with a quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.6.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.6.3.*).
EC 1.6.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.6.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.6.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.6.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on NADH or NADPH with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.8.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.8.1.*).
EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.8.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.8.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*).
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.*).
EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferase) inhibitor
EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferase) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitors
methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.*) inhibitor
methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.* (C1-transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase (EC 2.1.2.*).
EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitors
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitor
hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases (EC 2.1.2.*) inhibitors
EC 2.1.2.* (hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor
An EC 2.2.* (aldehyde or ketone transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any (transketolase or transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.*).
EC 2.2.1.* (transketolase/transaldolase) inhibitors
EC 2.2.1.* (transketolases and transaldolases) inhibitor
EC 2.2.1.* (transketolases and transaldolases) inhibitors
transketolase/transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.*) inhibitor
transketolase/transaldolase (EC 2.2.1.*) inhibitors
EC 2.2.1.* (transketolase/transaldolase) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any aminoacyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.*).
EC 2.3.2.* (aminoacyltransferase) inhibitors
aminoacyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.*) inhibitor
aminoacyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.*) inhibitors
EC 2.3.2.* (aminoacyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any acyltransferase transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (EC 2.3.1.*).
EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitors
acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group EC 2.3.1.* inhibitor
acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group EC 2.3.1.* inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor
An EC 2.6.* (nitrogenous group transferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any transaminase (EC 2.6.1.*).
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphotransferase with an alcohol group as acceptor (EC 2.7.1.*).
EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitors
phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (EC 2.7.1.*) inhibitor
phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (EC 2.7.1.*) inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.* (glycosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any glycosyltransferase in the EC 2.4.99.* (transferring other glycosyl groups) category.
EC 2.4.99.* (glycosyltransferases transferring other glycosyl groups) inhibitors
glycosyltransferases transferring other glycosyl groups (EC 2.4.99.*) inhibitor
glycosyltransferases transferring other glycosyl groups (EC 2.4.99.*) inhibitors
EC 2.4.99.* (glycosyltransferases transferring other glycosyl groups) inhibitor
An EC 3.11.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of any phosphonoacetaldehyde, phosphonoacetate, or phosphonopyruvate hydrolase (EC 3.11.1.*).
EC 3.11.1.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds of phosphono-acetaldehyde, -acetate, or -pyruvate) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on C-P bonds of phosphono-acetaldehyde, -acetate, or -pyruvate (EC 3.11.1.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on C-P bonds of phosphono-acetaldehyde, -acetate, or -pyruvate (EC 3.11.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.11.1.* (hydrolases acting on C-P bonds of phosphono-acetaldehyde, -acetate, or -pyruvate) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any aspartic endopeptidase (EC 3.4.23.*).
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitors
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidases) inhibitor
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidases) inhibitors
aspartic endopeptidase (EC 3.4.23.*) inhibitor
aspartic endopeptidase (EC 3.4.23.*) inhibitors
aspartic endopeptidases (EC 3.4.23.*) inhibitor
aspartic endopeptidases (EC 3.4.23.*) inhibitors
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.14).
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitors
cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.14) inhibitor
cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.14) inhibitors
cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase inhibitors
puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase inhibitor
puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase inhibitors
soluble alanyl aminopeptidase inhibitors
thiol-activated aminopeptidase inhibitor
thiol-activated aminopeptidase inhibitors
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.14.* (dipeptidyl- and tripeptidyl-peptidases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dipeptidyl-peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.2).
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitors
dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase II inhibitors
dipeptidyl-peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.2) inhibitor
dipeptidyl-peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.2) inhibitors
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme that catalyses transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*).
EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitors
acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitor
acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an unspecified monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1).
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitors
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitors
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitor
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the function of any such enzyme using 2-oxoglutarate as one donor and incorporating one atom each of oxygen into both donors (EC 1.14.11.*).
EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors (EC 1.14.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors (EC 1.14.11.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors (EC 1.14.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors (EC 1.14.11.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.* (C-C lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any carboxy-lyase (EC 4.1.1.*).
An EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydro-lyase (EC 4.2.1.*).
A drug which increases the blood glucose level.
An EC 1.1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9).
D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase inhibitor
D-galactose:oxygen 6-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.3.9 (galactose oxidase) inhibitors
EC 1.1.3.9 (galactose oxidase) inhibitor
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
An EC 3.4.13.* (dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of membrane dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.19).
EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitors
glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored renal dipeptidase inhibitors
membrane dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.19) inhibitor
membrane dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.19) inhibitors
EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway.
An EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on ATP and involved in cellular and subcellular movement (EC 3.6.4.*).
EC 3.6.4.* (hydrolase acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitor
EC 3.6.4.* (hydrolase acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitors
EC 3.6.4.* (hydrolases acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement (EC 3.6.4.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement (EC 3.6.4.*) inhibitors
EC 3.6.4.* (hydrolases acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.4.* (hydrolases acting on ATP; involved in cellular and subcellular movement) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase (EC 3.6.4.10).
ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerising) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerising) inhibitors
ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerizing) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (polypeptide-polymerizing) inhibitors
EC 3.6.4.10 (non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase) inhibitors
molecular chaperone Hsc70 ATPase inhibitor
molecular chaperone Hsc70 ATPase inhibitors
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase (EC 3.6.4.10) inhibitor
non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase (EC 3.6.4.10) inhibitors
EC 3.6.4.10 (non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4).
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in the mould, Aspergillus.
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in the mould, Chaetomium.
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Penicillium.
Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans.
Any fungal metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in fungi.
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae secondary metabolites
Any bacterial metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in bacteria.
A hormone antagonist that blocks corticotropin-releasing factor receptors
corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists
corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist
A synthetic or semi-synthetic compound that has oestrogenic activity.
Any compound produced by a plant that happens to have estrogenic activity.
Any compound produced by a fungus that happens to have estrogenic activity.
An antagonist that binds to and activates aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs).
An EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme in the EC 1.10.99.* category.
EC 1.10.99.* (oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors) inhibitors
oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors (EC 1.10.99.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors (EC 1.10.99.*) inhibitors
EC 1.10.99.* (oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors) inhibitor
An EC 1.10.99.* (oxidoreductases acting on diphenols and related substances as donors, other acceptors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone), EC 1.10.99.2.
1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.10.99.2 (ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitor
EC 1.10.99.2 (ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitors
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitors
N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitor
N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) inhibitors
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-2 inhibitor
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-2 inhibitors
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase2 inhibitor
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase2 inhibitors
ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.10.99.2) inhibitor
ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.10.99.2) inhibitors
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
An EC 2.3.* (acyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acyltransferase which converts the acyl group to an alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*).
EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitors
acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitor
acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer (EC 2.3.3.*) inhibitors
EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor
An EC 2.3.3.* (acyltransferase converting acyl to alkyl group on transfer) inhibitor that interferes with the action of citrate (Si)-synthase, EC 2.3.3.1.
EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitor
EC 2.3.3.1 (citrate (Si)-synthase) inhibitors
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitors
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitor
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [thioester-hydrolysing, (pro-S)-carboxymethyl forming] inhibitors
citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitor
citrate (Si)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.1) inhibitors
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitor
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase [(pro-3S)-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA] inhibitors
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitor
citrate oxaloacetate-lyase, CoA-acetylating inhibitors
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41).
4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitor
4-nitrophenylphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.41) inhibitors
4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor
4-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitors
Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitor
Ecto-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase inhibitors
p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor
p-nitrophenylphosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor
A compound that alters the structure of mucus so as to decrease its viscosity and thereby facilitate its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. Compare with antitussives, which suppress the cough reflex, and expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing.
Compounds that are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing. Compare with mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration, and antitussives, which suppress the cough reflex.
An EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor (EC 1.4.7.*).
EC 1.4.7.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor (EC 1.4.7.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor (EC 1.4.7.*) inhibitors
EC 1.4.7.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, Fe-S protein as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.49).
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitors
O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (adding methanethiol) inhibitor
O-acetyl-L-homoserine acetate-lyase (adding methanethiol) inhibitors
O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrolase inhibitor
O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrolase inhibitors
O-acetyl-L-homoserine:methanethiol 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase inhibitor
O-acetyl-L-homoserine:methanethiol 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase inhibitors
O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase inhibitor
O-acetylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase inhibitors
O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.49) inhibitor
O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.49) inhibitors
O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase inhibitor
O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase inhibitors
O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase inhibitor
O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.10).
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitors
L-serine-O-sulfate ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming) inhibitor
L-serine-O-sulfate ammonia-lyase (pyruvate-forming) inhibitors
serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.10) inhibitor
serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.10) inhibitors
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a quinone or related compound as acceptor (EC 1.3.5.*).
EC 1.3.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor (EC 1.3.5.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor (EC 1.3.5.*)
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor (EC 1.3.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor (EC 1.3.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), EC 1.3.5.2.
(S)-dihydroorotate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase inhibitor
(S)-dihydroorotate:(acceptor) oxidoreductase inhibitors
(S)-dihydroorotate:acceptor oxidoreductase inhibitor
(S)-dihydroorotate:acceptor oxidoreductase inhibitors
(S)-dihydroorotate:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
(S)-dihydroorotate:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.5.2 (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitor
EC 1.3.5.2 (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)) inhibitors
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitors
dihydroorotate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
dihydroorotate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
An EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a cytochrome as acceptor (EC 1.10.2.*).
EC 1.10.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor (EC 1.10.2.*)
inhibitors of an oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor (EC 1.10.2.*)
oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor (EC 1.10.2.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor (EC 1.10.2.*) inhibitors
EC 1.10.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.10.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2).
EC 1.10.2.2 (quinol--cytochrome-c reductase) inhibitors
inhibitor of quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2)
inhibitors of quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2)
quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2) inhibitor
quinol--cytochrome-c reductase (EC 1.10.2.2) inhibitors
EC 1.10.2.2 (quinol--cytochrome-c reductase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.1.1.141).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitors
(5Z,13E,15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,13E,15S)-11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitors
11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitor
11alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-enoate:NAD(+) 15-oxidoreductase inhibitors
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.1.1.141) inhibitor
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.1.1.141) inhibitors
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitor
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitors
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitors
15-hydroxyprostanoic dehydrogenase inhibitor
15-hydroxyprostanoic dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitors
NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I) inhibitor
NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (type I) inhibitors
NAD-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor
NAD-specific 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
An EC 1.21.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.21.3.*).
EC 1.21.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.21.3.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.21.3.*)
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.21.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.21.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.21.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.21.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond, with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of reticuline oxidase (EC 1.21.3.3, previously EC 1.5.3.9).
(S)-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming) inhibitor
(S)-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming) inhibitors
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitors
berberine-bridge-forming enzyme inhibitor
berberine-bridge-forming enzyme inhibitors
reticuline oxidase (EC 1.21.3.3) inhibitor
reticuline oxidase (EC 1.21.3.3) inhibitors
tetrahydroprotoberberine synthase inhibitor
tetrahydroprotoberberine synthase inhibitors
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.116).
3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.116) inhibitor
3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.116) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of IkappaB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10).
ATP:[IkappaB protein] phosphotransferase
ATP:[IkappaB protein] phosphotransferase inhibitor
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitors
IkappaB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10) inhibitors
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122).
(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122) inhibitor
(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.122) inhibitors
(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase inhibitor
(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.122 ((S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor
EC 2.1.1.122 ((S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase inhibitors
tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase inhibitor
tetrahydroprotoberberine cis-N-methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on the C-N bond of nitriles (EC 3.5.5.*).
EC 3.5.5.* (hydrolase acting on C-N bonds in nitriles) inhibitors
hydrolase acting on C-N bonds in nitriles (EC 3.5.5.*) inhibitor
hydrolase acting on C-N bonds in nitriles (EC 3.5.5.*) inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolases acting on C-N bonds in nitriles
inhibitors of hydrolases acting on C-N bonds in nitriles
EC 3.5.5.* (hydrolase acting on C-N bonds in nitriles) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.5.* (hydrolase acting on C-N bonds in nitriles) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.1).
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 9-oxidoreductase inhibitors
9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitor
9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase inhibitors
9-ketoprostaglandin reductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitors
prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin E2-9-oxoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitor
prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase (EC 1.1.1.189) inhibitors
reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitor
reductase, 15-hydroxy-9-oxoprostaglandin inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2, TLR-2) protein.
A dye used in microscopic or electron microscopic examination of cells and tissues to give contrast and to highlight particular features of interest, such as nuclei and cytoplasm.
A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199).
An EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33).
ATP:(R)-pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:(R)-pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase inhibitors
ATP:pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitors
pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33) inhibitor
pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33) inhibitors
pantothenate kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
pantothenate kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.83).
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitors
anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.83) inhibitor
anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.83) inhibitors
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor
Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the heart.
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a pregnane X receptor.
Any compound that activates UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17).
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates androstane receptors.
constitutive androstane receptor agonist
constitutive androstane receptor agonists
An EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of trypanothione-disulfide reductase (EC 1.8.1.12).
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitors
N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase inhibitor
N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase inhibitors
NADPH2:trypanothione oxidoreductase inhibitor
NADPH2:trypanothione oxidoreductase inhibitors
NADPH:trypanothione oxidoreductase inhibitor
NADPH:trypanothione oxidoreductase inhibitors
trypanothione-disulfide reductase (EC 1.8.1.12) inhibitor
trypanothione-disulfide reductase (EC 1.8.1.12) inhibitors
trypanothione:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
trypanothione:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prostaglandin-F synthase (EC 1.1.1.188).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitors
NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase inhibitor
NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase inhibitors
prostaglandin 11-keto reductase inhibitor
prostaglandin 11-keto reductase inhibitors
prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin D2-ketoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin D2-ketoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin-D2 11-reductase inhibitors
reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin inhibitor
reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin inhibitors
synthetase, prostaglandin F2alpha inhibitor
synthetase, prostaglandin F2alpha inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25).
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) inhibitor
shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) inhibitors
shikimate:NADP(+) 3-oxidoreductase inhibitor
shikimate:NADP(+) 3-oxidoreductase inhibitors
shikimate:NADP(+) 5-oxidoreductase inhibitor
shikimate:NADP(+) 5-oxidoreductase inhibitors
shikimate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
shikimate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An agonist that binds to and activates bradykinin receptors
A bradykinin agonist that binds to and activates bradykinin B2 receptors.
Any product obtained as a result of thermally induced non-enzymatic degradation.
Any thermal degradation product obtained as a result of a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar (Maillard reaction, a non-enzymatic browning procedure that usually imparts flavour to starch-based food products).
A phsychotropic drug that improves wakefulness and alertness, and reduces tiredness, drowsiness, and the need for sleep. Eugeroics are relatively non-addictive and are used in the treatment of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders.
A diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267).
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate isomeroreductase inhibitor
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate isomeroreductase inhibitors
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267) inhibitor
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267) inhibitors
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitor
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitors
1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitor
1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase inhibitors
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (isomerising) inhibitor
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (isomerising) inhibitors
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (isomerizing) inhibitor
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (isomerizing) inhibitors
2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) synthase inhibitor
2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) synthase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3).
EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitors
L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitor
L-histidine ammonia-lyase (urocanate-forming) inhibitors
histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitor
histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) inhibitors
EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any omega-peptidase (EC 3.4.19.*).
EC 3.4.19.* (omega-peptidase) inhibitors
omega-peptidase (EC 3.4.19.*) inhibitors
An EC 3.4.19.* (omega-peptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3).
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitors
L-pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase inhibitor
L-pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase inhibitors
L-pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase inhibitor
L-pyrrolidonecarboxylate peptidase inhibitors
pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3) inhibitor
pyroglutamyl-peptidase I (EC 3.4.19.3) inhibitors
pyrrolidone-carboxyl peptidase inhibitor
pyrrolidone-carboxyl peptidase inhibitors
pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptidase inhibitor
pyrrolidonecarboxylyl peptidase inhibitors
pyrrolidonyl peptidase inhibitors5-oxoprolyl-peptidase inhibitor
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
A drug used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract.
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of meprin A (EC 3.4.24.18).
N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase inhibitor
N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid hydrolase inhibitors
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phospholipid-translocating ATPase (EC 3.6.3.1).
ATP phosphohydrolase (phospholipid-flipping) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (phospholipid-flipping) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.1 (phospholipid-translocating ATPase) inhibitors
aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase inhibitor
aminophospholipid-transporting ATPase inhibitors
phospholipid-translocating ATPase (EC 3.6.3.1) inhibitor
phospholipid-translocating ATPase (EC 3.6.3.1) inhibitors
phospholipid-translocating ATPase inhibitor
phospholipid-translocating ATPase inhibitors
phospholipid-transporting ATPase inhibitor
phospholipid-transporting ATPase inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.1 (phospholipid-translocating ATPase) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xenobiotic-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.44).
ATP phosphohydrolase (steroid-exporting) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (steroid-exporting) inhibitors
ATP phosphohydrolase (xenobiotic-exporting) inhibitor
ATP phosphohydrolase (xenobiotic-exporting) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitors
pleiotropic-drug-resistance protein inhibitor
pleiotropic-drug-resistance protein inhibitors
xenobiotic-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.44) inhibitor
xenobiotic-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.44) inhibitors
xenobiotic-transporting ATPase inhibitor
xenobiotic-transporting ATPase inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
Any inhibitor of the trasporter protein ATP/ADP translocase.
An EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.53).
3',5'-cyclic-AMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-AMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase inhibitors
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.53) inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.53) inhibitors
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitors
cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor
cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor
An EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88).
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitor
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitors
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitor
Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitors
Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor
Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitors
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) inhibitor
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.88) inhibitors
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde:NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-pyrroline-5-carboxylate-NAD(+) oxidoreductase inhibitors
pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitor
pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase inhibitors
pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor
pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.181).
13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.181) inhibitor
13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.181) inhibitors
13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase inhibitor
13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase inhibitors
13-deoxydaunorubicin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-hydroxylating) inhibitor
13-deoxydaunorubicin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (13-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of quinine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.67).
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitors
quinine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.67) inhibitor
quinine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.67) inhibitors
quinine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
quinine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.15).
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase (adding H2O; pyruvate-forming) inhibitor
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase (adding H2O; pyruvate-forming) inhibitors
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase (adding water; pyruvate-forming) inhibitor
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase (adding water; pyruvate-forming) inhibitors
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase inhibitor
2,3-diaminopropanoate ammonia-lyase inhibitors
2,3-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitor
2,3-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitors
EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitors
alpha,beta-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitor
alpha,beta-diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitors
diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.15) inhibitor
diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.15) inhibitors
diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitor
diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase inhibitors
EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase).
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitors
sterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving) inhibitor
sterol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (14-methyl cleaving) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that inhibits the action of leucine--tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.4).
EC 6.1.1.4 (leucine--tRNA ligase) inhibitors
L-leucine:tRNA(Leu) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-leucine:tRNA(Leu) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitor
leucyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitors
leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitor
leucyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitors
leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitor
leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.1.1.4 (leucine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel.
An antioxidant that used as a food additives to help guard against food deterioration.
A food preservative that acts by chelating with metal cations (particularly those of copper, iron and nickel) that catalyse the oxidation of fats in food.
A substance added to powdered or granulated materials in order to prevent the formation of lumps and so facilitate its packaging or transport.
An anticaking agent that is used to reduced the tendency of particles of food to adhere to one another.
A food additive that is used to preserve the structure of food.
A compound that is used to keep a substance moist.
A humectant that is used as a food additive to prevent foodstuffs from drying out.
A food additive that is used to increase the viscosity of foodstuffs.
A food additive which liberates gas so as to increase the volume of a dough or batter, resulting in a lighter and softer finished product.
A food additive that is applied to the external surface or a food in order to give a smooth shiny appearance and/or to provide a protective coating to foodstuffs.
A substance that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in solutions and other liquids during their industrial or laboratory processing.
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
A food additive that is used for the purpose of decolourising food.
A food additive that contributes to the bulk of a food without significantly contributing to its available energy value.
A food additive that intensifies, retains or stabilises the colour of a food.
A food additive that makes it possible to form or maintain a uniform dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid phase.
Any inhibitor of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein inhibitors
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein inhibitor
A food additive that enhances the texture of a foodstuff by gel formation.
A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.
An EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50).
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [(5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl)methylsulfonium-salt-forming] inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [(5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl)methylsulfonium-salt-forming] inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine-forming] inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase [S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine-forming] inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase inhibitors
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
A substance that inhibits any of the Wnt signalling pathway, a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside of a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell.
A food additive that is used to reduce or prevent foaming during the processing or manufacture of foodstuffs.
A food additive that is used to dilute, disperse or dissolve a food additive or nutrient without altering its function. Carriers are used to facilitate the handling or use of the food additive or nutrient.
Any small molecule that mimics the action of an enzyme.
A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.
An antagonist which acts by inhibiting the action of vitamin B1
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
Any unwanted chemical in food. The term includes agrochemicals and industrial chemicals that may contaminate foodstuffs during their production, transportation or storage.
Any metabolite that is produced during a metabolite reaction in lichens (composite organisms consisting of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner co-existing in a symbiotic relationship).
An EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of hexokinase, EC 2.7.1.1, an enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses forming hexose phosphate.
ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase inhibitors
glucose ATP phosphotransferase inhibitor
glucose ATP phosphotransferase inhibitors
hexokinase type IV glucokinase inhibitor
hexokinase type IV glucokinase inhibitors
An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of the enzyme lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5), which catalyses the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids.
2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase inhibitor
2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.5 (lysophospholipase) inhibitors
lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase inhibitor
lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase inhibitors
lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) inhibitor
lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) inhibitors
lysophospholipase transacylase inhibitor
lysophospholipase transacylase inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.5 (lysophospholipase) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+)), EC 1.3.1.8.
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitors
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (EC 1.3.1.8) inhibitor
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (EC 1.3.1.8) inhibitors
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitor
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) inhibitors
acyl-CoA:NADP(+) 2-oxidoreductase inhibitor
acyl-CoA:NADP(+) 2-oxidoreductase inhibitors
crotonyl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
dehydrogenase, acyl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) inhibitor
dehydrogenase, acyl coenzyme A (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.7).
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.7) inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.7) inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitors
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enoylpyruvyltransferase inhibitor
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enoylpyruvyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine-3-enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-enoyl-1-carboxyethyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-enoyl-1-carboxyethyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitors
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose 3-enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitor
phosphoenolpyruvate:uridine-5'-diphospho-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose 3-enolpyruvyltransferase inhibitors
phosphopyruvate-uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyruvatetransferase inhibitor
phosphopyruvate-uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine pyruvatetransferase inhibitors
pyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitor
pyruvate-UDP-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase inhibitor
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase inhibitors
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitor
pyruvate-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine transferase inhibitors
pyruvic-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor
pyruvic-uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.4.* (non-peptide cyclic amidine C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1).
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitors
cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) inhibitor
cytosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.1) inhibitors
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor
An EC 5.1.* (racemase/epimerase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on hydroxy acids and their derivatives (EC 5.1.2.*).
EC 5.1.2.* (racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives) inhibitors
inhibitor of racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
inhibitor of racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives (EC 5.1.2.*)
inhibitors of racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives
inhibitors of racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives (EC 5.1.2.*)
EC 5.1.2.* (racemases acting on hydroxy acids and derivatives) inhibitor
An EC 5.1.* (racemase/epimerase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on carbohydrates and their derivatives (EC 5.1.3.*).
EC 5.1.3.* (racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives) inhibitors
inhibitor of racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
inhibitor of racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives (EC 5.1.3.*)
inhibitors of racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
inhibitors of racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives (EC 5.1.3.*)
EC 5.1.3.* (racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives) inhibitor
An EC 5.1.* (racemase/epimerase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting compounds other than amino acids and their derivatives, hydroxy acids and their derivatives, or carbohydrates and their derivatives (EC 5.1.99.*).
EC 5.1.99.* (racemases acting on other compounds) inhibitors
inhibitor of racemases acting on other compounds (EC 5.1.99.*)
inhibitors of racemases acting on other compounds (EC 5.1.99.*)
EC 5.1.99.* (racemases acting on other compounds) inhibitor
An EC 5.1.3.* (racemases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives) inhibitor that interferes with the action of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2).
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitors
UDP-alpha-D-glucose 4-epimerase inhibitor
UDP-alpha-D-glucose 4-epimerase inhibitors
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) inhibitor
UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) inhibitors
uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase inhibitor
uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase inhibitors
uridine diphosphate glucose 4-epimerase inhibitor
uridine diphosphate glucose 4-epimerase inhibitors
uridine diphospho-galactose-4-epimerase inhibitor
uridine diphospho-galactose-4-epimerase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucose 4-epimerase inhibitors
uridine diphosphoglucose epimerase inhibitor
uridine diphosphoglucose epimerase inhibitors
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
Any EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1 ).
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitors
A toxin used by animals and injected into their victims by a bite or sting.
A protein kinase agonist that selectively binds to and activates a protein kinase A receptor
Any agonist of one or more of the isoforms of adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1).
Any compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase (EC 2.7.11.31).
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase inhibitors
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitors
ATP:[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.31 ([hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase) inhibitor
EC 2.7.11.31 ([hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitors
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase inhibitor
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase inhibitors
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)] kinase inhibitor
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)] kinase inhibitors
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitor
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitors
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase inhibitor
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase inhibitors
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitor
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} inhibitor
An antagonist at the bone morphogenetic protein receptor.
bone morphogenetic protein receptor inhibitors
bone morphogenetic protein receptor antagonist
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
An EC 4.6.* (P-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2).
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitors
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) inhibitor
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) inhibitors
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-GMP-forming) inhibitor
GTP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-GMP-forming) inhibitors
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, the main signaling receptor of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor antagonists
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor antagonist
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.97).
EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitors
myristoyl-CoA-protein N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor
myristoyl-CoA-protein N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors
myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyl transferase inhibitor
myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyl transferase inhibitors
peptide N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor
peptide N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors
protein N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor
protein N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors
tetradecanoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase inhibitor
tetradecanoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Delta(24)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72).
Delta(24)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72) inhibitor
Delta(24)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.72) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of methionine adenosyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.6).
ATP-methionine adenosyltransferase inhibitor
ATP-methionine adenosyltransferase inhibitors
ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase inhibitor
ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase inhibitors
S-adenosylmethionine synthase inhibitors
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase inhibitor
S-adenosylmethionine synthetase inhibitors
adenosylmethionine synthetase inhibitors
methionine S-adenosyltransferase inhibitor
methionine S-adenosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sphinganine kinase (EC 2.7.1.91).
ATP:sphinganine 1-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:sphinganine 1-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.91 (sphinganine kinase) inhibitor
EC 2.7.1.91 (sphinganine kinase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitors
dihydrosphingosine kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
dihydrosphingosine kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
sphingosine kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
sphingosine kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of myosin-light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).
ATP:[myosin-light-chain] O-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:[myosin-light-chain] O-phosphotransferase inhibitors
ATP:myosin-light-chain O-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:myosin-light-chain O-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitors
calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase inhibitor
calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase inhibitors
myosin light chain protein kinase inhibitor
myosin light chain protein kinase inhibitors
myosin light-chain kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitor
myosin light-chain kinase (phosphorylating) inhibitors
myosin-light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18) inhibitor
myosin-light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18) inhibitors
smooth-muscle-myosin-light-chain kinase inhibitor
smooth-muscle-myosin-light-chain kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
An animal metabolite produced by any member of the phylum Nematoda.
A nematode metabolite produced by Caenorhabditis elegans.
Any compound that affects the dimerisation of the protein survivin.
Any EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme acting on phosphorus-containing anhydrides.
EC 3.6.1.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in P-containing anhydrides) inhibitors
EC 3.6.1.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides) inhibitor
EC 3.6.1.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in P-containing anhydrides (EC 3.6.1.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in P-containing anhydrides (EC 3.6.1.*) inhibitors
hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides (EC 3.6.1.*) inhibitor
hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides (EC 3.6.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.6.1.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in P-containing anhydrides) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.1.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides in P-containing anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of adenosinetriphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3).
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitors
adenosinetriphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) inhibitor
adenosinetriphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) inhibitors
complex V (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex V (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in single-celled microorganisms, archaea.
An agonist that binds to and activates melatonin receptors.
A calpain inhibitor that interferes with the action of calpain-1 (EC 3.4.22.52).
calcium-activated neutral protease I inhibitor
calcium-activated neutral protease I inhibitors
Any compound that is used as an additive to increase the plasticity or fluidity of a substance, particularly but not exclusively to synthetic polymers.
A potassium channel modulator that opens the potassium channel.
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of gelatinase B (EC 3.4.24.35).
95 kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase inhibitor
95 kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase inhibitors
type IV collagen metalloproteinase inhibitor
type IV collagen metalloproteinase inhibitors
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24).
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitors
extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor
extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors
microtubule-associated protein kinase inhibitor
microtubule-associated protein kinase inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24) inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24) inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors
p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor
p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors
stress-activated protein kinase inhibitor
stress-activated protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
An EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using H2O2 as acceptor and incorporating one oxygen atom of the H2O2 into the product (EC 1.11.2.*).
EC 1.11.2.* (oxidoreductase with H2O2 as acceptor, incorporating 1 O atom into product) inhibitors
EC 1.11.2.* (oxidoreductase with H2O2 as acceptor, incorporating 1 O atom into product) inhibitor
An EC 1.11.2.* (oxidoreductase with H2O2 as acceptor, incorporating 1 O atom into product) inhibitor that interferes with the action of myeloperoxidase (EC 1.11.2.2).
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitors
chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (hypochlorite-forming) inhibitor
chloride:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase (hypochlorite-forming) inhibitors
myeloperoxidase (EC 1.11.2.2) inhibitors
Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.
A pathway inhibitor that disrupts the synthesis of glycerophosphoinositol
glycerophosphoinositol synthesis inhibitors
glycerophosphoinositol synthesis inhibitor
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any tryptophan--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.2).
EC 6.1.1.2 (tryptophan--tRNA ligase) inhibitors
L-tryptophan-tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-tryptophan-tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
L-tryptophan:tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-tryptophan:tRNA(Trp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
tryptophan--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.2) inhibitor
tryptophan--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.2) inhibitors
tryptophanyl ribonucleic synthetase inhibitor
tryptophanyl ribonucleic synthetase inhibitors
tryptophanyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitor
tryptophanyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitors
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitor
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleate synthetase inhibitors
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitor
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitors
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic synthetase inhibitor
tryptophanyl-transfer ribonucleic synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.1.1.2 (tryptophan--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-ethoxyphenyl group.
A chromophore that is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to a large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far-red light absorbing form.
Substances that are administered to farmed animals to improve productivity by promoting weight gain, increasing muscle mass, limiting fat deposition, reducing feed consumption, and reducing waste production.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22).
ATP:cyclin phosphotransferase inhibitors
Cdk-activating protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitors
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase inhibitor
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that specifically inhibits the action of aspartate--tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.12).
EC 6.1.1.12 (aspartate--tRNA ligase) inhibitors
L-aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
L-aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
aspartyl ribonucleate synthetase inhibitor
aspartyl ribonucleate synthetase inhibitors
aspartyl ribonucleic synthetase inhibitor
aspartyl ribonucleic synthetase inhibitors
aspartyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitor
aspartyl-transfer RNA synthetase inhibitors
aspartyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitor
aspartyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.1.1.12 (aspartate--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
A calpain inhibitor that interferes with the action of calpain-2 (EC 3.4.22.53).
calcium-activated neutral protease II inhibitor
calcium-activated neutral protease II inhibitors
An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of calpain-3 (EC 3.4.22.54).
calcium-activated neutral proteinase 3 inhibitor
calcium-activated neutral proteinase 3 inhibitors
muscle-specific calcium-activated neutral protease 3 inhibitor
muscle-specific calcium-activated neutral protease 3 inhibitors
An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any calpain.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates glucocorticoid receptors.
Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota or microorganisms (e.g. bacteria and fungi) that live in the digestive tracts of animals.
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11).
CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated) antigens inhibitor
CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated) antigens inhibitors
acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen inhibitor
acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen inhibitors
common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen inhibitor
common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen inhibitors
common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigens inhibitor
common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigens inhibitors
kidney-brush-border neutral endopeptidase inhibitor
kidney-brush-border neutral endopeptidase inhibitors
kidney-brush-border neutral peptidase inhibitor
kidney-brush-border neutral peptidase inhibitors
kidney-brush-border neutral proteinase inhibitor
kidney-brush-border neutral proteinase inhibitors
membrane metalloendopeptidase inhibitors
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (EC 3.4.24.71).
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitors
endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (EC 3.4.24.71) inhibitor
endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (EC 3.4.24.71) inhibitors
endothelin-converting enzyme 1 inhibitor
endothelin-converting enzyme 1 inhibitors
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.2.* (aldehyde-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.27).
EC 4.1.2.27 (sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase) inhibitors
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate aldolase inhibitor
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate aldolase inhibitors
sphinganine-1-phosphate alkanal-lyase inhibitor
sphinganine-1-phosphate alkanal-lyase inhibitors
sphinganine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitors
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming) inhibitor
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming) inhibitors
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase inhibitor
sphinganine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase inhibitors
sphingosine-1-phosphate aldolase inhibitor
sphingosine-1-phosphate aldolase inhibitors
sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase inhibitors
EC 4.1.2.27 (sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase) inhibitor
An EC 4.1.* (C-C lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any aldehyde-lyase (EC 4.1.2.*).
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia galeata.
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
An EC 1.3.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH of donor with a quinone or related compound as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of succinate dehydrogenase (quinone), EC 1.3.5.1.
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitors
succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) inhibitor
succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) inhibitors
succinate dehydrogenase complex inhibitor
succinate dehydrogenase complex inhibitors
succinate:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
succinate:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
A semiochemical used for inter-species chemical communication in a way that benefits an individual of another species that receives the chemical signal.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia pulex.
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia tenebrosa.
An EC 6.2.* (C-S bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an acid-thiol ligase inhibitor (EC 6.2.1.*).
EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligases) inhibitor
EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligases) inhibitors
EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligase) inhibitor
An EC 6.2.1.* (acid-thiol ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.3).
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitors
fatty acid thiokinase (long chain) inhibitor
fatty acid thiokinase (long chain) inhibitors
fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor
fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitors
long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor
long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitors
long-chain acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor
long-chain acyl CoA synthetase inhibitors
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase I inhibitor
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase I inhibitors
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase II inhibitor
long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase II inhibitors
long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor
long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase inhibitors
long-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitor
long-chain fatty acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) inhibitors
long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor
long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase inhibitors
palmitoyl coenzyme A synthetase inhibitor
palmitoyl coenzyme A synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates orexin receptors.
An antagonist at the protease-activated receptor-1.
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor antagonist
coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor antagonists
coagulation factor II receptor antagonist
coagulation factor II receptor antagonists
coagulation factor II thrombin receptor antagonist
coagulation factor II thrombin receptor antagonists
protease activated receptor 1 antagonist
protease activated receptor 1 antagonists
protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist
protease-activated receptor 1 antagonists
protease-activated receptor-1 antagonists
proteinase-activated receptor 1 antagonist
proteinase-activated receptor 1 antagonists
protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of methylsterol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.72).
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) inhibitor
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) inhibitors
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) inhibitor
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.72 (ethylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitors
methylsterol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.72) inhibitor
methylsterol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.72) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.72 (methylsterol monooxygenase) inhibitor
Any compound that inhibits the biosynthesis of any sterol.
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Delta(14)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70).
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP(+) Delta(14)-oxidoreductase inhibitor
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol:NADP(+) Delta(14)-oxidoreductase inhibitors
Delta(14)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70) inhibitor
Delta(14)-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.70) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitor
Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in marine macro- and microorganisms.
Any agent capable of inducing steatosis, a pathological condition characterised by accumulation or abnormal retention of fats within a cell.
Any hepatotoxic agent capable of inducing liver steatosis or fatty liver disease.
A sterol biosynthesis inhibitor that acts by inhibiting the C14 demethylation step within fungal steroid biosynthesis.
Any compound that inhibits the biosynthesis of any phospholipid.
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) (EC 2.4.1.231).
EC 2.4.1.231 [alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining)] inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) (EC 2.4.1.231) inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) (EC 2.4.1.231) inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining) inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.231 [alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (configuration-retaining)] inhibitor
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64).
EC 2.4.1.64 (alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase) inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64) inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64) inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalose:phosphate beta-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.64 (alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase) inhibitor
An EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 2.4.1.28).
EC 3.2.1.28 (alpha,alpha-trehalase) inhibitors
alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) inhibitor
alpha,alpha-trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) inhibitors
EC 3.2.1.28 (alpha,alpha-trehalase) inhibitor
Any inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A.
HCV non-structural protein 5A inhibitors
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of scytalone dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.94).
EC 4.2.1.94 (scytalone dehydratase) inhibitors
scytalone 7,8-hydro-lyase (1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene-forming) inhibitor
scytalone 7,8-hydro-lyase (1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene-forming) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.94 (scytalone dehydratase) inhibitor
An EC 3.4.24.* (metalloendopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of gelatinase A (EC 3.4.24.24).
type IV collagenase/gelatinase inhibitor
type IV collagenase/gelatinase inhibitors
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples.
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nicotinamidase (EC 3.5.1.19).
An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidase K (EC 3.4.21.64).
Tritirachium album proteinase K inhibitor
Tritirachium album proteinase K inhibitors
Tritirachium album serine proteinase inhibitor
Tritirachium album serine proteinase inhibitors
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
An EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5).
2-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
2-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitors
acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) inhibitor
arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) inhibitors
arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
beta-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
beta-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
indoleamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
indoleamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
p-aminosalicylate N-acetyltransferase inhibitor
p-aminosalicylate N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
serotonin N-acetyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1).
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitor
1,4-alpha-D-glucan:phosphate alpha-D-glucosyltransferase inhibitors
1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase inhibitor
1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitors
glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) inhibitor
glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) inhibitors
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.127).
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitor
1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitors
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitors
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitor
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitors
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.127) inhibitor
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.127) inhibitors
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitor
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of inositol-polyphosphate multikinase (EC 2.7.1.151).
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitors
IP3/IP4 dual-specificity 6-/3-kinase inhibitor
IP3/IP4 dual-specificity 6-/3-kinase inhibitors
inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-/5-kinase inhibitor
inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-/5-kinase inhibitors
inositol-polyphosphate multikinase (EC 2.7.1.151) inhibitor
inositol-polyphosphate multikinase (EC 2.7.1.151) inhibitors
inositol-polyphosphate multikinase inhibitor
inositol-polyphosphate multikinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphotransferase with a phosphate group as acceptor (EC 2.7.4.*).
EC 2.7.4.* (phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor) inhibitors
phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor (EC 2.7.4.*) inhibitor
phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor (EC 2.7.4.*) inhibitors
EC 2.7.4.* (phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor) inhibitor
Any EC 2.7.4.* (phosphotransferases with a phosphate group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6).
ATP:nucleoside-diphosphate phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:nucleoside-diphosphate phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitors
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate kinase inhibitor
nucleoside 5'-diphosphate kinase inhibitors
nucleoside diphosphate (UDP) kinase inhibitor
nucleoside diphosphate (UDP) kinase inhibitors
nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) inhibitor
nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6) inhibitors
nucleoside-diphosphate kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.6.1.* (transaminase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) (EC 2.6.1.19).
D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.16 (glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)) inhibitors
L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor
L-glutamine-D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitors
L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating) inhibitor
L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate isomerase (deaminating) inhibitors
glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase inhibitor
glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase inhibitors
glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (glutamine-forming) inhibitor
glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (glutamine-forming) inhibitors
glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitor
glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors
glucosaminephosphate isomerase inhibitor
glucosaminephosphate isomerase inhibitors
hexosephosphate aminotransferase inhibitor
hexosephosphate aminotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.6.1.16 (glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing)) inhibitor
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates the thrombopoietin receptor [myeloproliferative leukemia protein or CD110 (Cluster of Differentiation 110)].
Any cosmetic used to lighten the colour of skin by reducing the concentration of melanin.
An EC 1.10.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.10.3.*).
EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
Any EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1).
1,2-benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
1,2-benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitors
catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) inhibitor
catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) inhibitors
o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
o-diphenol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.10.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on diphenols and related substances as donors with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of laccase (EC 1.10.3.2).
benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
benzenediol:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
Any EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor that interferes with the action of quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.1.24).
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitors
quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.24) inhibitor
quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.24) inhibitors
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclising) inhibitor
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclising) inhibitors
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitor
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) inhibitors
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (ring-opening) inhibitor
quercetin:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (ring-opening) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of D-amino-acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3).
D-amino-acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) inhibitor
D-amino-acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) inhibitors
D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitors
L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-amino acid:O2 oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor
Any compound that binds to and activates the enzyme [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase (EC 2.7.11.31).
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activator
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activators
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activator
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activators
ATP:[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphotransferase activator
ATP:[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] phosphotransferase activators
EC 2.7.11.31 ([hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase) activator
EC 2.7.11.31 ([hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase) activators
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} activators
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activator
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activators
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)] kinase activator
[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH2)] kinase activators
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activator
beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activators
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase (phosphorylating) activator
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase (phosphorylating) activators
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activator
hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinase activators
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activator
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase activators
EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} activator
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11).
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cAMP-dependent) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitors
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11) inhibitor
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12).
3':5'-cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
3':5'-cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cGMP-dependent) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (cGMP-dependent) inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitors
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12) inhibitor
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12) inhibitors
cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ibeta inhibitor
cGMP-dependent protein kinase Ibeta inhibitors
guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitor
guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
Any inhibitor of nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase.
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors
nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
Any inhibitor of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A.
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors
hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
A compound that inhibits the re-uptake of the neurotransmitter GABA from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron, so increasing the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter and hence increasing neurotransmission.
gamma-aminobutyric acid re-uptake inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid re-uptake inhibitors
gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitor
gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake inhibitors
Any glycine transporter inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine 2 transporters.
Any substance that inhibits the action of glycine transporters.
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates thromboxane A2 receptors.
An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific].
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 8 isopentenyl units) inhibitor
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate cistransferase (adding 8 isopentenyl units) inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.31 {ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific]} inhibitors
bactoprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitor
bactoprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitors
ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitor
ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitors
ditrans,polycis-undecaprenylcistransferase inhibitor
ditrans,polycis-undecaprenylcistransferase inhibitors
undecaprenyl diphosphate synthetase inhibitor
undecaprenyl diphosphate synthetase inhibitors
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitors
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitor
undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase inhibitors
undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitor
undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase inhibitors
EC 2.5.1.31 {ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific]} inhibitor
Any EC 1.4.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group) inhibitor that interferes with the action any such enzyme that has NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor.
EC 1.4.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.4.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.4.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group; NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.4.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group; NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.4.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH2 group; NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)] (EC 1.4.1.3).
EC 1.4.1.3 {glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]} inhibitors
L-glutamate:NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitor
L-glutamate:NAD(P)(+) oxidoreductase (deaminating) inhibitors
glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)] (EC 1.4.1.3) inhibitor
glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)] (EC 1.4.1.3) inhibitors
glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)] inhibitor
glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)] inhibitors
EC 1.4.1.3 {glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]} inhibitor
Any compound that acts as an agonist towards the liver X receptors.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in rat (Rattus norvegicus).
Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
Any substance used in acriculture, horticulture, forestry, etc. for its fungicidal properties.
An EC 5.3.* (intramolecular oxidoreductase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of any such enzyme that transposes C=C bonds (EC 5.3.3.*).
EC 5.3.3.* (intramolecular oxidase transposing C=C bonds) inhibitors
intramolecular oxidase transposing C=C bonds inhibitor (EC 5.3.3.*) inhibitor
intramolecular oxidase transposing C=C bonds inhibitor (EC 5.3.3.*) inhibitors
EC 5.3.3.* (intramolecular oxidase transposing C=C bonds) inhibitor
An EC 5.3.3.* (intramolecular oxidase transposing C=C bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a cholestenol Delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.5).
Delta(7)-cholestenol Delta(7)-Delta(8)-isomerase inhibitor
Delta(7)-cholestenol Delta(7)-Delta(8)-isomerase inhibitors
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitors
cholestenol Delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.5) inhibitor
cholestenol Delta-isomerase (EC 5.3.3.5) inhibitors
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ent-kaurene oxidase (E.C. 1.14.13.78).
EC 1.14.13.78 (ent-kaurene oxidase) inhibitors
ent-kaurene oxidase (EC 1.14.13.78) inhibitor
ent-kaurene oxidase (EC 1.14.13.78) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.78 (ent-kaurene oxidase) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.13.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating 1 atom of oxygen, with NADH or NADPH as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase).
EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitors
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase inhibitor
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase inhibitors
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-monooxygenase inhibitor
taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-monooxygenase inhibitors
taurochenodeoxycholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6alpha-hydroxylating) inhibitor
taurochenodeoxycholate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6alpha-hydroxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of endopeptidase Clp (EC 3.4.21.92).
EC 3.4.21.92 (endopeptidase Clp) inhibitors
EC 3.4.21.92 (endopeptidase Clp) inhibitor
An inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor
signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitors
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 inhibitors
Mothers against decapentaplegic homologue 3 inhibitor
Mothers against decapentaplegic homologue 3 inhibitors
mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 inhibitor
Any inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 protein
signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 protein inhibitors
signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 protein inhibitor
Any toxin produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).
Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
Any ionophore capable of transportation of potassium ions across membranes.
Any compound that inhibits the process of autophagy (the self-digestion of one or more components of a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell).
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of duals specificity kinases acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues.
EC 2.7.12.* [dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues)] inhibitors
inhibitor of dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues) (EC 2.7.12.*)
inhibitors of dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues) (EC 2.7.12.*)
EC 2.7.12.* [dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues)] inhibitor
An EC 2.7.12.* [dual-specificity kinases (those acting on Ser/Thr and Tyr residues)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (EC 2.7.12.2).
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKK-activated) inhibitor
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKKK-activated) inhibitors
EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (EC 2.7.12.2) inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (EC 2.7.12.2) inhibitors
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors
EC 2.7.12.2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitor
An antagonist at G-protein-coupled receptor.
Any retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist with specificity for RARgamma.
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 3 agonist
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 3 agonists
An activator of alpha-secretase, one of the three endopeptidases that are specific for amyloid protein precursor and which have been identified based upon the region of the amyloid protein precursor which they cleave.
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.170).
3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase inhibitor
3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase inhibitors
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.170) inhibitor
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.170) inhibitors
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate:NAD(P)(+) 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate:NAD(P)(+) 3-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.170 [3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)] inhibitors
sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase inhibitor
sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase inhibitors
sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.170 [3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)] inhibitor
An EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.37).
DNA-cytosine methyltransferase inhibitor
DNA-cytosine methyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.37 [DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase] inhibitors
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitor
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitors
cytosine DNA methyltransferase inhibitor
cytosine DNA methyltransferase inhibitors
cytosine-specific DNA methyltransferase inhibitor
cytosine-specific DNA methyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleate methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleate methyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid methylase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid methylase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid modification methylase inhibitors
methylphosphotriester-DNA methyltransferase inhibitor
methylphosphotriester-DNA methyltransferase inhibitors
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-specific) inhibitor
site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (cytosine-specific) inhibitors
EC 2.1.1.37 [DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase] inhibitor
An EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of c-Met tyrosine kinase.
MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor
MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Any EC 4.1.1.* (carboxy-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23).
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitors
orotate monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitor
orotate monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors
orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase inhibitor
orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase inhibitors
orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitor
orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors
orotidine phosphate decarboxylase inhibitor
orotidine phosphate decarboxylase inhibitors
orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitor
orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase (UMP-forming) inhibitor
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase (UMP-forming) inhibitors
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase inhibitor
orotidine-5'-phosphate carboxy-lyase inhibitors
orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23) inhibitor
orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23) inhibitors
orotidylic acid decarboxylase inhibitors
uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase inhibitor
uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase inhibitors
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
An EC 6.4.1.* (carboxylase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1).
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitors
pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) inhibitor
pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) inhibitors
pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
pyruvate:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor
An EC 4.6.* (P-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1).
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclising) inhibitor
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclising) inhibitors
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclising; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) inhibitor
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclising; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) inhibitors
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) inhibitor
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) inhibitors
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) inhibitor
ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) inhibitors
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitors
adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) inhibitor
adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) inhibitors
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
Any compound that binds to and activates the enzyme histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48).
An EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Sir1.
A substance that causes another substance to be secreted.
A secretagogue that causes the secretion of insulin.
EC 5.3.1.* (intramolecular oxidoreductase interconverting aldoses and ketoses) inhibitor
Any EC 5.3.1.* (intramolecular oxidoreductase interconverting aldoses and ketoses) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a triose-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1).
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase inhibitor
D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase inhibitors
EC 5.3.1.1 (triose-phosphate isomerase) inhibitors
triose-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) inhibitor
triose-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) inhibitors
EC 5.3.1.1 (triose-phosphate isomerase) inhibitor
A nuclear receptor modulator that affects the retinoic acid receptor
Any receptor modulator acting on nuclear receptors
A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors.
A retinoic acid receptor antagonist that antagonises retinoic acid receptor alpha.
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonists
An antagonist that acts at the retinoic acid receptor.
Any retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist with specificity for RARbeta.
A retinoic acid receptor antagonist that antagonises retinoic acid receptor gamma.
retinoic acid receptor gamma antagonists
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralize the deleterious effects of cyanide.
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralise the deleterious effects of organophosphates or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (nerve agents).
antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralise the deleterious effects of opioids.
A role borne by a molecule that acts to counteract or neutralise the deleterious effects of benzodiazepines.
Any compound that inihibits the human protein, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha 1.
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha 1 inhibitors
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1alpha 1 inhibitor
A serine/threonine kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (ATK1).
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase inhibitor
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase inhibitors
An agonist that binds to and activates prostacyclin receptors
An inverse agonist that binds to the same receptor as a liver X receptor agonist, but which induces a pharmacological response opposite to that agonist.
A substance that binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist for that receptor, but which exerts the opposite pharmacological effect.
An EC 2.4.2.* (pentosyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4).
EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitors
pyrimidine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor
pyrimidine deoxynucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors
thymidine-orthophosphate deoxyribosyltransferase inhibitor
thymidine-orthophosphate deoxyribosyltransferase inhibitors
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitor
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitors
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitor
thymidine:phosphate deoxy-alpha-D-ribosyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.8.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a quinone or similar compound as an acceptor.
EC 1.8.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group donors, quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group donors, quinone or similar as acceptor (EC 1.8.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group donors, quinone or similar as acceptor (EC 1.8.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.8.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group donors, quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.8.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group donors, quinone or similar as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of sulfide:quinone reductase (EC 1.8.5.4).
EC 1.8.5.4 (sulfide:quinone reductase) inhibitors
sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor
sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
sulfide:quinone reductase (EC 1.8.5.4) inhibitor
sulfide:quinone reductase (EC 1.8.5.4) inhibitors
EC 1.8.5.4 (sulfide:quinone reductase) inhibitor
An inhibitor that interferes with the dimerisation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).
extracellular signal-regulated kinase dimerisation inhibitor
extracellular signal-regulated kinase dimerisation inhibitors
A compound that enhances the activity of a steroid receptor coactivator.
steroid receptor coactivator small molecule stimulator
steroid receptor coactivator small molecule stimulators
steroid receptor coactivator stimulators
A chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy.
A GABA receptor agonist specific for GABAA receptors, ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors).
Any inhibitor of erythropoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis (red blood cell production).
An antagonist at purinergic P2 receptors
An antagonist at purinergic P2X receptors
Any compound that inhibits collagen cross-linking.
An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of tau-protein kinase inhibitor (EC 2.7.11.26).
ATP:[tau-protein] O-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:[tau-protein] O-phosphotransferase inhibitors
ATP:tau-protein O-phosphotransferase inhibitor
ATP:tau-protein O-phosphotransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitors
glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitor
glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibitors
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
An agonist that selectively binds to and activates elastin-laminin receptors.
An EC 1.1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, quinone or similar compound as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.5.3).
EC 1.1.5.3 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.1.5.3 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using a quinone or similar compound as acceptor (EC 1.1.5.*).
EC 1.1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, quinone or simliar compound as acceptor) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, quinone or simliar compound as acceptor (EC 1.1.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, quinone or simliar compound as acceptor (EC 1.1.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, quinone or similar compound as acceptor) inhibitor
Any activator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
vascular endothelial growth factor activator
vascular endothelial growth factor activators
vascular endothelial growth factor inducer
vascular endothelial growth factor inducers
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates lysophosphatidic acid receptors.
lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists
lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist
An antagonist that binds to and deactivates TGFbeta receptors.
transforming growth factor receptor antagonist
transforming growth factor receptor antagonists
Any inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF).
macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitors
macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitor
An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.
[2,3-dichloro-4-(2-thienylcarbonyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
(2,3-Dichloro-4-(2-thenoyl)phenoxy)acetic acid
(2,3-Dichloro-4-(2-thiophenecarbonyl)phenoxy)acetic acid
4-(2-Thienylketo)-2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
A cultured cell that is part of a cell line - a stable and homogeneous population of cells with a common biological origin and propagation history in culture
Yongqun He, Matthew Brush, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Alexander Diehl, Jie Zheng, Yu Lin, Bjoern Peters
A 'cell line cell' is a part of a cell line established through the passaging/selection of a primary cultured cells or the experimental modification of an existing cell line. New types of cell line cells are established after sufficient passaging of a primary culture to establish a stable and homogenous population that qualifies as a line (typically 1-20 passages), or following some spontaneous or experimental modification that confers novel characteristics to an existing line. A cell line cell typically has mutations of five or more genes compared to the original cell that derives the cell line cell. Some gene mutations may turn on some oncogenes. Cell line cells can be in active culture, stored in a quiescent state for future use (e.g. frozen in liquid nitrogen), or applied in experimental procedures.
A cell line cell that is expected to be capable of an unlimited number of divisions, and is thus able to support indefinite propagation in vitro as part of an immortal cell line.
Yongqun He, Matthew Brush, Allen Xiang, Asiyah Yu Lin, Sirarat Sarntivijai, James Malone, Jie Zheng, Tomasz Adamusiak
cell line
He, Tong-Chuan, et al., Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway. Science 281.5382 (1998): 1509-1512.: "To evaluate the transcriptional effects of APC, we studied a human colorectal cancer cell line (HT29-APC) containing a zinc-inducible APC gene and a control cell line (HT29–β-Gal) containing an analogous inducible lacZ gene". Note that common usage in the literature is often of the form "a human colorectal cancer cell line", as seen above. But such references to studies in "a line" refer to the fact that discrete populations of cells that are input into culturing or experiments, not an entire lineage of cells. It is these discrete populations that we refer to as 'cell lines'.
A cultured cell population that represents a genetically stable and homogenous population of cultured cells that shares a common propagation history (i.e. has been successively passaged together in culture).
In the spring of 2013, a working group comprised of domain experts and representatives from CLO, OBI, CL, and ReO worked to establish a consensus model and definitions of cultured cells across these efforts. This included a careful characterization of how the term 'cell line' should be defined and applied. Notes about this work and its outcomes can be found on the CLO wiki here: http://code.google.com/p/clo-ontology/wiki/Cell_Lines
The term 'line' is used when a culture has undergone an intentional experimental process to establish a more uniform and stable population of cells (see 'establishing cell line'). This will require one or more passages, but may involve additional selection processes. Through such passaging and/or selection processes, the resulting 'line' attains some level of genetic stability and compositional homogeneity which is typically absent in primary cultures. Because of their relative homogeneity, ‘lines’ are capable of being characterized and stably propagated over a period of time. A new *type* of cell line can be established not only through the passaging/selection of a primary culture, but also through experimental modifications of existing lines (e.g. immortalization, stable genetic modifications, drug selection for a resistant subset, etc.). The definition provided here establishes the 'scale' of cell populations that qualify as cell lines - specifically those with a shared propagation history in culture. In this way, the 'cell line' class demarcates populations that represent what researchers actually use in the practice of science - e.g. as inputs to culturing, experimentation, and sharing. The definition is such that cell lines will exhibit important attributes. For example, they will have a relatively homogenous cell type composition as they have experienced similar selective pressures due to their continuous co-propagation. In addition, these populations can also be characterized by a passage number, again owing to their common passaging history. As defined here, 'cell line' can refer to a population of cells in active culture, applied experimentally, or stored in a quiescent state for future use.
Human Embryonic Kidney 293
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0045
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/CRL-1573.aspx
BTO: BTO_0000007
EFO: EFO_0001182)
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/CRL-11268.aspx
disease: clear cell carcinoma (kidney primary)
disease: epidermoid carcinoma (lung primary)
disease: colorectal adenocarcinoma (colon primary)
disease: carcinoma; small cell lung cancer; multidrug resistant
immortal human epithelial cell line cell that was derived from some colon epithelial cell from a human patient with the disease colon carcinoma
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0291
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/products/all/CCL-247.aspx
an immortal human uterine cervix-derived epithelial cell line that was derived from cervical adenocarcinoma cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who died of her cancer on October 4, 1951.
WEB: http://www.atcc.org/products/all/CCL-2.aspx
WEB: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12001993
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0027
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hep_G2
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/products/all/HB-8065.aspx
disease: promyeloblast; acute promyelocytic leukemia
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/CRL-1730.aspx
an immortalized human T lymphocyte cell that was derived in the late 1970s from the peripheral blood of a 14-year-old boy with T cell leukemia
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurkat_cells
an immortal breast cancer cell line cell isolated in 1970 from a 69-year-old Caucasian woman.
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0031
WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCF-7
disease: adenocarcinoma (mammary gland primary)
an immortal breast cancer cell line cell derived from a human patient with breast adenocarcinoma
A model mammalian cell line cell that was genereated from the initial isolation in 1958 of epithelial cells from the kidney tubule of an adult Cocker Spaniel dog by Stewart H. Madin and Norman B. Darby, Jr..
disease: epidermoid carcinoma (cervix primary)
A melanoma cell line cell. This cell line was established in 1974 from a metastatic site (axillary lymph node) in a 24-year-old Caucasian female with malignant melanoma, expresses mutant B-Raf (V600E) and wildtype N-Ras.
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_1706
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3121170
WEB: https://strap.nci.nih.gov/celline_detail.php?sample_id=56
WEB: https://www.atcc.org/Products/All/HTB-96.aspx
There is a CLO term for the cell line already: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009464
A human glioblastoma cell line cell. The cell line is part of the NCI-60 screening panel.
BJeLR cell is BJ fibroblast cell line cell transformed with hTERT, genomic SV40 LT and ST oncoproteins, and oncogenic HRASV12.
PubChem probe report: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98919/
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18355723
BJeLR cell
BJeH=BJ derivative transformed only with hTERT (BJ fibroblasts were derived from primary human cells by transformation with hTERT, genomic SV40 Large T (LT) and Ssmall T (ST))
BJeH cell
WEB: http://cellfinder.org/ontology?id=CELDA_00012667
RS-11846 cell
A derivative of the CHO cell line that is adapted to high-density, serum-free suspension culture
WEB: https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/R80007
CHO-S cell
DRD=BJ fibroblasts expressing hTERT, SV40 small T oncoprotein, dominant negative p53, cyclin D1, a mutant form of CDK4, along with the oncogene HRASV12
WEB: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2683762/
DRD cell
HL2/3 is a derivative of HeLa cells and contains a stably integrated copies of the HIV-1 molecular clone HXB2/3gpt.
WEB: https://www.aidsreagent.org/reagentdetail.cfm?t=cell_lines&id=83
WEB: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2078409
HL2/3
HeLa-MAGI-CCR5 cells are derived from HeLa cells and express human CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5, and an integrated gene encoding the b-galactosidase gene expressed from the HIV long terminal repeat.
WEB: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_D260
MAGI-CCR5 cells; HeLa-R5-16, engineered to express the Envelope protein (Env) from the CCR5-tropic HIV-1 clinical isolate 92US715, and also to express the Tat protein from HIV-1 NL4 3
HeLa-MAGI-CCR5
HeLa-R5-16 (gift from Roche Palo Alto, LLC) is a derivative of HeLa cells, engineered to express the Envelope protein (Env) from the CCR5-tropic HIV-1 clinical isolate 92US715, and also to express the Tat protein from HIV-1 NL43
WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=16314403
HeLa-R5-16
RD-HGA16 is derivative of CHO cells stably transfected with the promiscuous G-protein Gα16 gene and hygromycin-resistant. RD-HGA16 is from FLIPR LiveWare Cells (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale CA), a series of cells and expression vectors successfully used in drug discovery, based on G-protein chimeras developed by Bruce Conklin and colleagues at the Gladstone Institute, UCSF.
WEB: http://go.pardot.com/l/83942/2015-06-17/njr/83942/4464/Data_Sheet__FLIPR_LiveWare_G_protein_Cells_and_Plasmids.pdf
RD-HGA16
Sufu-KO-LIGHT cells were derived from Sufu knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts according to the method of Chen et al. [Genes Dev. 2009;23(16): 1910-28.] The cells were co-transfected with the zeocin resistance vector (pVgRXR, Invitrogen) and a firefly luciferase reporter driven by eight Gli binding sites and a γ-crystallin basal promoter (8XGHBS-FL). Sufu-KO-LIGHT lacks Sufu and exhibits constitutive Hh target gene expression in response to endogenous Gli activators.
WEB: https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013192301A1?cl=en
Sufu-KO-LIGHT cell
A Hela-derived cell line cell that expresses ubiquitinated GFP (Green Fluroescent Protein)
Ub-G76V-GFP/HeLa
The GripTite™ 293 MSR Cell Line is a genetically engineered Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cell line that expresses the human macrophage scavenger receptor and strongly adheres to standard tissue culture plates for dependable results.
GripTite 293 MSR cell
A mouse T-cell hybridoma cell line cell that is derived from the murine hybridoma cell line 2B4, stably transfected to overexpress the human protein BCL-2.
2B4/BCL-2 cell
A mouse T-cell hybridoma cell line cell that is derived from the murine hybridoma cell line 2B4, stably transfected to overexpress the human protein MCL-1.
2B4/MCL-1 cell
AVA5 cells are derived from the Huh-7 human hepatoma cell line, stably-expressing the HCV replicon (sub-genomic [CON1], genotype 1b); http://www.apath.com/index.html. See also PMID: 27013634, 1110665, 10390360
AVA5 cell
A murine leukemia cell line driven by the overexpression of Myc and BCL-2.
BCL-2 1863 cell
An immortalised mouse neural progenitor cell line cell that is capable of differentiation in vitro and is established by retorviral-mediated transduction of the avian myc oncogene into mitotic progenitor cells of neonatal mouse cerrebellum. Mouse strain CD1 x C57BL/6.
C17.2 cell
CEM21 (aka CEM#21 or CEM-R5Luc1#21) is derived from CEM.NKR-CCR5 by stable transfecttion of a Tet-activator responsive Luciferase reporter
CEM21 cell
DPX2 (aka DPX-2) is a HepG2-derived cell line stably integrated with a PXR (pregnane X receptor) expression vector plus a luciferase reporter, used to detect PXR activation/ CYP3A induction
DPX2 cell
FA2N-4 is a human hepatocyte cell line. Reference: http://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0267
FA2N-4 cell
HBL-1 (aka human is an EBV-negative B-cell lymphoma cell line established from the pleural effusion of a patient with malignant lymphoma, diffuse, large cell.
HBL-1 cell
HMC-1-8 is a human breast cancer cell line
HMC-1-8 cell
HMLE_sh_ECAD is a stable cell line mimicking a cancer stem cell (CSC), derived by knocking down E-Cadherin (via shRNA) in human breast epithelial cells to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)
HMLE_sh_ECAD cell
HMLE_sh_eGFP is a human breast epithelial cell line containing shRNA to GFP (green fluorescent reporter); used as an isogenic control line for HMLE_sh_ECAD
HMLE_sh_eGFP cell
HMLE_sh_TWIST is a stable cell line mimicking a cancer stem cell (CSC), derived by knocking down TWIST (via shRNA) in human breast epithelial cells to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); isogenic with another CSC line, HMLE_sh_ECAD
HMLE_sh_TWIST cell
An engineered 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line, which expresses the firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of Wnt-responsive promoters (TCF/LEF).
LEADING LIGHT Wnt Reporter cell line cell
MCL-1 1780 is a murine leukemia cell line driven by the overexpression of Myc and MCL-1.
MCL-1 1780 cell
MG213 is a subline of the BRG1/BRM-deficient cell line SW13 (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009185) that contains a stably integrated glucocorticoid-responsive MMTV-luciferase reporter.
MG213 cell
A PathHunter Beta-Arrestin GPCR cell line (DiscoverX), engineered to co-express the ProLink (PK) tagged GPCR (DRD2L, long form of human DRD2) and the Enzyme Acceptor (EA) tagged Beta-Arrestin. Activation of DRD2L-PK induces Beta-Arrestin-EA recruitment, forcing complementation of the two Beta-galactosidase enzyme fragments (EA and PK). The resulting functional enzyme hydrolyzes substrate to generate a chemiluminescent signal.
PathHunter CHO-K1 DRD2L Beta-Arrestin cell
A PathHunter Beta-Arrestin GPCR cell line (DiscoverX), engineered to co-express the ProLink (PK) tagged GPCR (human DRD3) and the Enzyme Acceptor (EA) tagged Beta-Arrestin. Activation of DRD3-PK induces Beta-Arrestin-EA recruitment, forcing complementation of the two Beta-galactosidase enzyme fragments (EA and PK). The resulting functional enzyme hydrolyzes substrate to generate a chemiluminescent signal.
PathHunter CHO-K1 DRD3 Beta-Arrestin cell
RAW-Blue cells are derived from the murine RAW 264.7 macrophages with chromosomal integration of a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter construct inducible by NF-κB and AP-1.
RAW-Blue cell
S16 cell
A mouse melanoma cell line (which harbors N-Ras mutation), isolated from a small amelanotic lung metastasis in a mouse with a s.c. K-1735 tumor.
SW1 cell
'Tango cell' refers to one of many stable cell lines, all based on the parental line HEK293T, designed to work in a 'Tango beta-arrestin' recruitiment assay to measure receptor activation for more than 300 GPCRs. See PMID25895059 and https://pdspdb.unc.edu/prestotango/
Tango cell
Human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell line derived from a 62-year-old male patient
TMD8 cell
U87-EGFRvIII (aka U87/vIII) is a stable cell line derived from U87MG (a human glioblastoma) to overexpress the most common mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) found in human glioblastomas--an in-frame deletion of an 801-bp sequence in the extracellular domain of EGFR termed EGFRvIII. (descr. in PMID 15548697).
U87-EGFRvIII cell
MDCK-II cell
Compared to the parent cell line, has a lower expression of endogenous ABCB1/MDR1.
MDCKII-LE cell
A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules.
metabolic disease
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in joint, has_material_basis_in Chikungunya virus, which is transmitted_by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom arthralgia, and has_symptom maculopapular rash.
Chikungunya fever
An acquired metabolic disease that is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.
An ehrlichiosis that results in infection located in granular leukocyte, has_material_basis_in Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which is transmitted by lone start tick (Amblyomma americanum ). The infection has symptom headache, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever and has symptom rash.
human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
HGE
An ehrlichiosis that results in infection located in monocyte or located in macrophage, has_material_basis_in Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which is transmitted by black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), transmitted by western black-legged tick (Ixodes pacificus) or transmitted by castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus). The infection has symptom headache, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever and has symptom rash.
Ehrlichiosis chafeensis
An acquired metabolic disease that is characterized by abnormal mineral metabolism.
A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia africae, which is transmitted_by ticks (Amblyomma hebraeum and Amblyomma variegatum). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar and has_symptom maculopapular rash.
Rickettsia africae spotted fever
south african tick-bite fever
A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, which is transmitted_by ticks (Haemaphysalis concinna). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar, has_symptom maculopapular rash, and has_symptom regional adenopathy.
Rickettsia heilongjiangensis spotted fever
A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia japonica, which is transmitted_by ticks (Dermacentor taiwanensis and Haemaphysalis flava). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschars, has_symptom regional adenopathy, and has_symptom rash on extremities.
Rickettsia japonica spotted fever
oriental spotted fever
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is transmitted_by contact with infected animals. The infection has_symptom redness of skin, has_symptom tenderness of skin and has_symptom warmth of skin.
A primary systemic mycosis that is a fungal infection located_in lungs, or located_in skin, which results_in disseminated granulomatous pulmonary process and cutaneous infection in rodents, small wild mammals and humans, has_material_basis_in Chrysosporium parvum or Emmonsia crescens.
An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage.
A nutritional deficiency that is disease characterized by a cardiomyopathy secondary to selenium deficiency.
A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions.
infectious disease
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain, has_material_basis_in La Crosse virus, which is transmitted_by treehole mosquito, Ochlerotatus triseriatus. The infection has_symptom seizures, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever, has_symptom coma, and has_symptom paralysis.
California Encephalitis
California virus encephalitis
Neuroinvasive California encephalitis virus infection
A lymphatic system disease that is characterized by an expansion of the monocyte-macrophage population and intense hemophagocytosis. It can occur de novo, but more often occurs in the setting of another disorder, usually an infection or a malignancy. A clinical picture of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and peripheral pancytopenia. The morphologic hallmark of this syndrome is the phagocytosis of hematopoietic elements by morphologically normal macrophages.
haemophagocytic syndrome
Xref MGI. MESH:C537250 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A paranasal sinus disease involving inflammation of the paranasal sinuses resulting from bacterial, fungal, viral infection, allergic or autoimmune issues. Symptoms can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip.
Secretory diarrhea is a diarrhea where there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption causing little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions.
A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection of the outermost layer located_in skin or located_in hair shaft, has_material_basis_in Fungi. No living tissue is invaded and there is no cellular response from the host.
Steroid-modified tinea infection
piedra
A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection of the keratinized layers located_in skin, located_in hair or located_in nail, which extends deeper into the epidermis, has_material_basis_in Fungi and results_in_formation_of skin lesions.
A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin or located_in subcutaneous tissue, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which penetrate the dermis or even deeper during or after a skin trauma.
A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection of internal organs and tissues located_in human body, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which enter the body via the respiratory tract, through the gut, paranasal sinuses or skin and spread through the bloodstream to multiple organs.
A diarrhea that is of rapid onset and course characterized by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide.
A botulism that involves intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTA, B, E and F) in adults, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum A, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum B, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum E and has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum F, which are transmitted by ingestion of bacterial spores, which then grow in the intestine and release toxins.
An upper respiratory tract disease which involves inflammation, pain, and swelling of the adenoid tissue due to the infection by bacteria and viruses. It occurs primarily in children and may be secondary to an allergy, infection of nose or throat and an obstruction of the eustachian tube. The infection has symptom pain, has symptom redness, has symptom swelling, and has symptom difficulty swallowing.
chronic adenoiditis
An otitis externa which is a disease of the ear produced by the growth of fungi in the external auditory canal. It is characterized by inflammation, pruritus, scaling and severe discomfort. The most common fungi are Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.
Singapore ear
An upper respiratory tract disease involving inflammation of both larynx and trachea often caused by viral infection. The infection can close off the windpipe.
A legionellosis that involves a milder respiratory illness without pneumonia. Symptoms include fever, headache and muscle aches which last for 2 to 5 days.
A bacterial pneumonia which is an acute pulmonary inflammatory response that develops after the inhalation of colonized oropharyngeal material containing bacteria. It is seen in individuals with dysphagia and gastric dysmotility. The disease has_symptom tachypnea and has_symptom cough.
An aspergillosis that presents as a clump of tangled mass of Aspergillus fungus fibres, blood clots, and white blood cells, which exists in the cavities of the lungs that develop in an area of previous lung disease or lung scarring.
A nervous system disease which is located in a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell).
A pulmonary fibrosis that is characterized by scarring of the lung.
FIBROCYSTIC PULMONARY DYSPLASIA
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS, FAMILIAL
cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
An idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by lung inflammation and scarring that obstructs the small airways and air sacs of the lungs (alveoli). A flu-like illness, with a cough, fever, a feeling of illness (malaise), fatigue, and weight loss, heralds the onset in about 50% of people. Frequent presence of crackling sounds (called Velcro crackles) when the doctor listens with a stethoscope.
BOOP
Cryptogenic organising pneumonitis
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis
bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia
bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
cryptogenic organising pneumonia
idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organising pneumonia
idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
An anthrax disease that results in infection located in lung lymph nodes brought on by breathing in the spores of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. The first symptoms of inhalation anthrax are like cold or flu symptoms and can include a sore throat, mild fever and muscle aches. Later symptoms include cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tiredness and muscle aches.
pulmonary anthrax
respiratory anthrax
wool-sorters' disease
woolsorters' disease
A respiratory system disease which involves the lower respiratory tract.
An autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome that is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, which is characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes auto-reactivity against endocrine organs.
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I
Whitaker syndrome
autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
An autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome that is characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes auto-reactivity against endocrine organs. It is more heterogeneous and has not been linked to one gene.
Schmidt syndrome
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2
A lupus erythematosus that causes skin lesions on parts of the body that are exposed to sunlight.
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain, has_material_basis_in Tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted_by Ixodes ticks. The infection has_symptom drowsiness, has_symptom confusion, has_symptom sensory disturbances, and has_symptom paralysis.
Central European encephalitis
Far Eastern TBE
Russian spring-summer encephalitis
Siberian tick-borne encephalitis
Taiga encephalitis
Western European tick-borne encephalitis
west-Siberian encephalitis
A genetic disease that is the result of one or more abnormal alleles and may be dominant, semi-dominant, or recessive.
A skin disease that is a type of allergic reaction located_in skin, which occurs in response to medications, infections, or illness.
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Junin virus, which is transmitted_by rodent, Calomys musculinus. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom leukopenia, has_symptom thrombocytopenia, and has_symptom hemorrhagic manifestations.
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Guanarito virus, which is transmitted_by cotton rat, Sigmodon alstoni and transmitted_by cane mouse, Zygodontomys brevicauda. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom weakness, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom convulsions, has_symptom epistaxis, has_symptom bleeding gums, has_symptom hematemesis, has_symptom melena, and has_symptom menorrhagia.
A hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that results_in infection located_in kidney, has_material_basis_in Hantaan virus, which is transmitted_by the eurasian field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, or has_material_basis_in Seoul virus, which is transmitted_by norwegian rat, Rattus norvegicus. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom back pain, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom blurred vision, has_symptom flushing of the face, has_symptom redness of the eyes, has_symptom rash, has_symptom low blood pressure, has_symptom acute shock, has_symptom vascular leakage, and has_symptom acute kidney failure, which can cause severe fluid overload.
A neuromuscular junction disease that is characterized by an abnormality of acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction which results from an autoimmune attack against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) on the presynaptic motor nerve terminal.
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
LEMS
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection of the central nervous system caused by Naegleria fowleri. The symptoms include headache, nausea, rigidity of the neck muscles, vomiting, delirium, seizures and coma.
Naegleria fowleri infection
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that results in infection of the brain caused by Acanthamoeba or Balamuthia mandrillaris. The symptoms include headaches, altered mental status, and focal neurologic deficit, which progresses over several weeks to death.
Acanthamoeba encephalitis
Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba
granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the intestine, central nervous system and eyes by Angiostrongylus cantonensis or Angiostrongylus costaricensis.
A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that is an inflammatory skin disease caused by the parasitic infestation of the female chigoe flea, Tunga penetrans in animals and humans. The symptoms include skin inflammation, severe pain, itching, and a lesion at the site of infection that is characterized by a black dot at the center of a swollen red lesion, surrounded a white halo.
A myiasis that involves parasitic infestation of Oestrus ovis larvae in the eye causing severe irritation, edema, and pain.
An subcutaneous mycosis that is a chronic inflammatory or granulomatous fungal infection caused by Conidiobolus species, which is restricted to the nasal submucosa and characterized by polyps or palpable restricted subcutaneous masses. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, drainage and sinus pain. Subcutaneous nodules develop in the nasal and perinasal regions.
An opportunistic mycosis that involves localized or hematogenously disseminated fungal infection by Fusarium solani or Fusarium oxysporum. Skin lesions are seen in neutropenic patients, and indolent cellulitis or soft-tissue necrosis occur in immunocompromised patients at the site of trauma.
An opportunistic mycosis that results_in disseminated infection, has_material_basis_in Trichosporon and results_in_formation_of nontender erythematous nodules anywhere on the body.
A systemic mycosis that results_in infection located_in human body, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which can overcome the physiological and cellular defences of the normal human host. The primary deep pathogens usually gain access to the host via the respiratory tract.
A refractive error that is characterized by the significant difference in perceived sizes of an object between the two eyes.
A hypothyroidism that is present at birth.
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
A syndrome that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of abnormalities affecting the lacrimal and salivary glands and ducts, ears, teeth and fingers and toes.
LEVY-HOLLISTER SYNDROME
lacrimoauriculodentodigital syndrome
A vestibular disease that is characterized by progressive hearing loss resulting from congenital enlargement of the vestibular aqueducts.
A phosphorus metabolism disease that is characterized by hypophosphatemia and the symptoms of osteomalacia including bone pain, skeletal deformities and osteoarthritis.
A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria as a result of their presence or activity within the normal, healthy host, and their intrinsic virulence is, in part, a necessary consequence of their need to reproduce and spread.
A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria which are part of the normal human flora when one or more of the defense mechanisms designed to restrict them from the usually sterile internal tissues are breached by accident, by intent (surgery), or by an underlying metabolic or an infectious disorder.
A bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection by bacteria in individuals whose host defense mechanisms have been compromised.
opportunistic bacterial infectious disease
A botulism that involves intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTA, B, E and F), which are transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with preformed toxins, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum A, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum B, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum E and has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum F. The infection has symptom blurred vision, has symptom diplopia, has symptom dysarthria, has symptom dysphonia, has symptom dysphagia and has symptom descending muscle paralysis.
A botulism that involves intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTA, B, E and F), has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum A, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum B, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum E and has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum F, which are transmitted by contact of spores with the open wounds, which then reproduce in an anaerobic environment to produce toxins.
A botulism that involves intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTA or B) in infants, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum A or has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum B, which are transmitted_by ingestion of bacterial spores, which then grow in the intestine and release toxins. The infection has_symptom constipation, has_symptom lethargy, has_symptom difficulty feeding, has_symptom swallowing, has_symptom ptosis, has_symptom loss of head control, and has_symptom muscle weakness.
A bartonellosis that results_in infection located_in endothelial cells or located_in red blood cells, has_material_basis_in Bartonella bacilliformis, which is transmitted_by sandflies of genus Lutzomyia. The infection has acute and chronic phases. The acute phase is characterized by severe hemolytic anemia and transient immunosuppression. The chronic phase is characterized by verruga peruana lesions which may ulcerate and bleed.
Carrion disease
Oroya fever
An intestinal disease that has_material_basis_in mutations in the APC gene and involves formation of numerous polyps in the epithelium of the large intestine which are initially benign and later transform into colon cancer.
adenomatous polyposis of the colon
A skin disease that is characterized by ulceration of less than 10 percent of the surface area of the body. The disease is often precipitated by the use of medications, such as antibiotics or antiepileptics, or onset of infection.
A syndrome that is characterized by a deficiency in the ability to repair ultraviolet damage that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of DNA repair.
A palmoplantar keratosis characterized by a well-demarcated, symmetric keratoderma located_in palms and located_in soles.
Thost-Unna Syndrome
Unna-Thost Syndrome
diffuse nonepidermolytic palmomplantar keratoderma
tylosis
nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma
A pemphigus that is characterized by recurring blistering most commonly occurring in the folds of the skin and has_material_basis_in mutations in the ATP2C1 gene that result in loss of adhesion within the skin.
BENIGN CHRONIC PEMPHIGUS
Pemphigus, Benign Familial
A multiple endocrine neoplasia characterized by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism, and occasionally cutaneous lichen amyloidosis.
MEN2A
Sipple syndrome
multiple endocrine neoplasia II
An intrinsic cardiomyopathy that is characterized by hypokinetic areas involving the free wall of the right ventricle, with fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, with associated arrhythmias originating in the right ventricle.
ARVC
ARVC cardiomyopathy
ARVD
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development.
A prion disease that is characterized by insomnia, hallucinations, dementia and death, located_in the brain.
A syndrome that is characterized by global growth retardation of the muscle, liver, brain and eyes as well as constrictive pericarditis and has_material_basis_in mutations in the TRIM37 gene.
MUL
Mulibrey growth disorder
Muscle-Liver-Brain-Eye Nanism
PERICARDIAL CONSTRICTION AND GROWTH FAILURE
Perheentupa Syndrome
A lysosomal storage disease that is characterized by cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and intellectual disability and has_material_basis_in mutations in the LAMP2 gene.
ANTOPOL DISEASE
PSEUDOGLYCOGENOSIS II
A syndrome that is characterized by gonadal dysgenesis, streak gonads, progressive focal segmental glomerulonephropathy and the development of urogenital cancers that is the result of mutation in the WT1 gene.
A syndrome characterized by a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment.
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS].
A sphingolipidosis that is characterized by leukodystrophy, ichthyosis, skeletal abnormalities and shortened life expectancy and has_material_basis_in mutation in the SUMF1 gene that results in deficiency in multiple sulfatase enzymes.
Sulfatidosis, Juvenile, Austin Type
multiple sulfatase deficiency disease
A peroxisomal disease that is characterized by neurological impairment, intellectual disability, hepatosplenomegaly and ichthyosis and results from the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids and phytanic acid, secondary to mutation in the PEX genes.
infantile phytanic acid storage disease
A rickets has_material_basis in X-linked mutations in the PHEX gene that lead to increased circulating levels of FGF-23, a phosphate-regulating hormone (phosphatonin), that leads to reduced renal phosphate reabsorption and consequently abnormal bone mineralization.
Hypophosphatemia, Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets
Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets, X-Linked
X-linked hypophosphatemia
hypophosphatemic rickets X-linked dominant
X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets
A skin disease characterized by a defect in the normal process of keratinization of the mucosa.
white sponge nevus
white sponge nevus of Cannon
A syndrome that is characterized by hypertrophic nails and hyperkeratosis of the hands and feet and has_material_basis in gene mutations that result in changes in keratin.
Jackson-Lawler Type Pachyonychia Congenita
Jadassohn-Lewandowsky Syndrome
PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, JADASSOHN-LEWANDOWSKY TYPE
Pachyonychia Congenita Type 1
A renal tubular transport disease that is has_material_basis_in mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in the kidneys' reabsorption of salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) from urine back into the bloodstream, thus impairing the kidneys' ability to reabsorb salt, leading to the loss of excess salt in the urine (salt wasting).
HYPOMAGNESEMIA-HYPOKALEMIA, PRIMARY RENOTUBULAR, WITH HYPOCALCIURIA
A heart conduction disease that is characterized by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Bangungut
Brugada type idiopathic ventricular fibrillation
Dream disease
Pokkuri death syndrome
SUNDS
sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome
A peroxisomal disease that is characterized by cortical atrophy, microcephaly, dysmorphic facies, muscular hypotonia and intellectual disability and has_material_basis_in mutation in the MVK gene that results in deficiency of mevalonate kinase and impaired cholesterol. biosynthesis.
Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency
A congenital nervous system abnormality characterized by the absence of folds in the cerebral cortex and caused_by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation.
A congenital nervous system abnormality characterized by non proper migration of neurons during the early development of the fetal brain.
periventricular heterotopia
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin or located_in subcutaneous tissue, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium ulcerans, which could be transmitted_by insects. The bacterium produces a toxin, named mycolactone, which causes subcutaneous fat necrosis and inhibits an immune response. The infection has_symptom nodule, which is a painless, mobile swelling in the skin.
Bairnsdale ulcer
Daintree ulcer
Mossman ulcer
Searl ulcer
Searle's ulcer
A male infertility disease characterized by male sterility, has_material_basis_in azospermia without abnormal sexual development.
DEL CASTILLO SYNDROME
Germinal Cell Aplasia
A myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of monocytes.
A phosphorus metabolism disease characterized by hyperphosphatemia and abnormal deposits of phosphate and calcium in joints and soft tissues, results from abnomral phosphorus metabolism and has_material_basis_in mutations in the FGF23, GALNT3 or KL gene.
A chromosomal deletion syndrome that is characterized by distinct craniofacial features, hypotonia and intellectual disability and has_material_basis_in a microdeletion of the short arm of chromosome 4.
4p deletion syndrome
PITT SYNDROME
Pitt-Rogers-Danks Syndrome
chromosome 4p16.3 deletion syndrome
A lysosomal storage disease that is characterized by delayed speech at 2-3 years of age, has_material_basis_in mutations in the AGA gene that result in the absence or shortage of the aspartylglucosaminidase enzyme in lysosomes, preventing the normal breakdown of glycoproteins.
aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency
aspartylglycosaminuria
glycosylasparaginase deficiency
A syndrome that is characterized at birth or prenatally by malformations and deformities affecting the majority of the skeleton and other areas of the body with autosomal recessive inheritance of the FGFR2 gene.
trapezoidocephaly-synostosis syndrome
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a mutation in chromosome 17 which results_in bowing in the located_in tibia or located_in femur.
Acampomelic Campomelic Dysplasia
A lipid storage disease that is characterized by abnormalities in swallowing, cognition, joint function, and central nervous system due to a deficiency in the enzyme ceramidase that results in sphingolipids deposition.
Farber disease
N-laurylsphingosine deacylase deficiency
acid ceramidase deficiency
A Lynch syndrome that is characterized by a propensity to develop cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin that has_material_basis_in mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes.
A syndrome that is characterized by increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection, elongated limbs, hypertelorism, bifid uvula and easy skin bruising due to mutations in TGFB3 that results in connective tissue defects.
A skin disease that is characterized by areas of sharply demarcated, brown hyperkeratosis and has_material_basis_in mutations in genes encoding for connexin channels proteins in the epidermis.
Erythrokeratodermia Figurata Variabilis
Greither Disease
A syndrome that is characterized by an accumulation of protein-rich fluid (lymph) in the soft layers of tissue under the skin resulting in pleural effusions, lymphedema (due to lymphatic hypoplasia) and yellow dystrophic nails hat lack a cuticle, grow slowly, and are loose or detached.
A RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac defects, mild mental retardation, and high birth weight followed by a failure to thrive and developmental delays.
FCS SYNDROME
Faciocutaneoskeletal Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by protuberant and low-set ears, flaring nostrils, thick lips, enlarged secondary sex organs and overwhelming insulin resistance and has_material_basis_in mutation within the INSR gene causing abnormalities in the insulin receptor.
Leprechaunism
A syndrome characterized by myxomas, spotty pigmentation of the skin and endocrine overactivity.
Carney Complex, Type 1
Carney Complex, Type 2
Carney Syndrome
Carney complex variant
LAMB Syndrome
NAME Syndrome
A hair disease that is characterized by short, easily broken hair that results in alopecia and has_material_basis_in mutations in genes for type II hair cortex keratins.
A syndrome that is characterized by multiorgan dysfunction. The key features are childhood obesity, blindness due to congenital retinal dystrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss with autosomal recessive inheritance and has_material_basis_in mutations in the ALMS1 gene.
A skin disease that is characterized by chronic skin inflammation, trichorrhexis invaginata, atopic dermatitis and has_material_basis_in mutations in the SPINK5 gene resulting in reduced capacity to inhibit serine proteases expressed in the skin.
A syndrome characterized by short stature, bachycephaly and other facial abnormalities, brachydactyly, joint stiffness and distinctive ocular abnormalities.
GEMSS syndrome
Marchesani-Weill Syndrome
Mesodermal Dysmorphodystrophy, Congenital
Spherophakia Brachymorphia Syndrome
congenital mesodermal dystrophy
A lipid metabolism disorder that has_material_basis_in X-linked inheritance of the tafazzin gene and is characterized by decreased production of an enzyme required to produce cardiolipin.
3-methylglutaconicaciduria type 2
3-methylglutaconicaciduria type II
MGA Type 2
MGA type II
A renal tubular transport disease that is characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia caused by dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels causing over expression of the channel.
Liddle's syndrome
Pseudoaldosteronism
A typhus that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia typhi or has_material_basis_in Rickettsia felis, which are transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis). The infection has symptom headache, has symptom fever, has symptom chills, has symptom myalgia, has symptom nausea, has symptom vomiting, has symptom cough and has symptom rash.
Rat-Flea Typhus
Rickettsia felis spotted fever
Urban Typhus of Malaya
cat flea rickettsiosis
fleaborne typhus
murine typhus
toulon typhus
urban typhus
Shop typhus
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Neorickettsia sennetsu, which is transmitted_by ingestion of raw or under-cooked gray mullet fish infected with the trematodes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom lymphadenopathy, has_symptom hepatosplenomegaly, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom chills, has_symptom headache, has_symptom backache and has_symptom myalgia.
Sennetsu ehrlichiosis
A skin disease that is characterized by a rash that results from a variety of causes including bacteria, viruses, toxins, drugs and autoimmune disorders.
Rash
exanthema
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in infants and children, located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 6 or has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 7 and has_symptom sudden high fever, and has_symptom red rash that occurs first on the trunk then spreading to legs and neck.
Roseola Infantum
Sixth Disease
A T-cell leukemia that results_in abnormal increase of lymphocytes, derives_from T-cells, has_material_basis_in Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by contaminated needles used by intravenous-drug users, and transmitted_by breast feeding. The infection results_in_formation_of skin lesions.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
A diabetes mellitus that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutations in the MODY genes impacting beta-cell function, typically occurring before 25 years of age and caused by primary insulin secretion defects.
MODY
Mason-type diabetes
A syndrome that is characterized by brittle hair, short stature, decreased fertility and cognitive impairment without photosensitivity has_material_basis_in mutations in the TTDN1 gene.
AMISH BRITTLE HAIR BRAIN SYNDROME
BIDS syndrome
HAIR-BRAIN SYNDROME
A spinal muscular atrophy that is characterized by progressive muscular weakness and motor disability that typically presents in the third decade of life and has_material_basis_in mutations in the SMN1 or SMN2 genes that are required for the survival of motor neurons.
SMA4
SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY, ADULT FORM
SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY, TYPE IV
spinal muscular atrophy 4
A hereditary night blindness that is characterized by hemeralopia with a moderate loss of visual acuity and caused by defective photoreceptor-to-bipolar cell signaling with common ERG findings of reduced or absent b-waves and generally normal a-waves.
congenital essential nyctalopia
A retinal vascular disease characterized by the prevention of blood vessel formation at the edges of the retina and the hemorrhage of the blood vessels in the retina.
FEVR
familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
A cataract that is characterized by a distinctive discoid lens opacity situated posteriorly and adjacent to the posterior capsule.
CATARACT, POSTERIOR POLAR
A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease characterized by demyelination of the peripheral nerve axons.
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1
A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease that is characterized by motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies caused by demyelination.
DEJERINE-SOTTAS NEUROPATHY
DEJERINE-SOTTAS SYNDROME
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves an excess of the amino acid methionine, in the blood. This condition can occur when methionine is not broken down properly in the body.
A physical disorder characterized by the abnormal distribution of the major visceral organs within the chest and abdomen.
heterotaxia
situs ambiguus
An adrenal gland disease that is characterized by cortisol deficiency, hypoaldosteronism and excessive or insufficient sex hormones, has_material_basis_in the mutation in the gene for 21-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid, 17alpha-hydroxylase or 20,22-desmolase.
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CONGENITAL, WITH 46,XY SEX REVERSAL, PARTIAL OR COMPLETE
P450scc DEFICIENCY
A thyroid gland medullary carcinoma that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance.
THYROID CARCINOMA, FAMILIAL MEDULLARY
A neuropathy characterized by congenital insensitivity to pain resulting in ulceration to the fingers, tongue, lips, and other distal appendages.
familial dysautonomia, type II
hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy
A syndrome that is characterized by childhood onset of joint stiffness and severe contractures of the hands and feet, erythematous skin lesions with subsequent development of severe lipodystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in PSMB8 on chromosome 6p21.32.
JOINT CONTRACTURES, MUSCULAR ATROPHY, MICROCYTIC ANEMIA, AND PANNICULITIS-INDUCED LIPODYSTROPHY
A sideroblastic anemia that is characterized by decreased production of hemoglobin and ataxia and has_material_basis_in the mutation in the ABCB7 gene.
Anemia sideroblastic and spinocerebellar ataxia
X-linked sideroblastic anaemia and ataxia
X-linked sideroblastic anaemia with ataxia
X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia
X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia
A muscular dystrophy that is characterized by diminished muscle tone (hypotonia), progressive muscle weakness and degeneration (atrophy), abnormally fixed joints, spinal rigidity, and delays in reaching motor milestones such as sitting or standing unassisted.
A congenital muscular dystrophy that is characterized by muscle weakness and respiratory depression and has_material_basis_in mutation in the COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 that produce components of type VI collagen.
ULLRICH DISEASE
Ullrich scleroatonic muscular dystrophy
A congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A that is characterized by muscle weakness, failure to thrive, severe intellectual and developmental disability, impaired vision and cardiac abnormalities and has_material_basis_in mutation in the FKTN gene that produces the fukutin protein.
A congenital muscular dystrophy that is characterized by hypotonia, seizures, severe intellectual and developmental disability, eye abnormalities and early death and has_material_basis_in mutations in multiple genes including POMT1, POMT2, ISPD, FKTN, FKRP, and LARGE1.
HARD syndrome
cerebroocular dysplasia-muscular dystrophy syndrome
A childhood electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by frequent seizures and intellectual disability that present in early childhood.
Lennox syndrome
An auditory system disease that is associated with permanent hearing loss caused by damage to structures in the inner ear and/or the middle ear, which is not associated with other signs and symptoms.
nonsyndromic hearing loss
nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss
A nonsyndromic deafness characterized by an X-linked inheritance mode.
X-linked deafness
A physical disorder that is characterized by cleft lip and/or cleft palate that result in feeding, speech and hearing problems caused by failures during development.
A dysostosis that results_in abnormal development located_in vertebrae or located_in ribs. The bones of the spine do not develop properly, which causes them to be misshapen and abnormally joined together.
Jarcho-Levin syndrome
spondylocostal dysostosis, autosomal recessive 3
spondylothoracic dysostosis
spondylothoracic dysplasia
A syndrome characterized by intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal dwarfism with microcephaly and intellectual disability.
Harper's syndrome
Virchow-Seckel dwarfism
bird-headed dwarfism
microcephalic primordial dwarfism
A retinal degeneration that characterized by progressive deterioration of the cone and rod photoreceptor cells.
cone-rod retinal dystrophy
An amino acid metabolic disorder that is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder characterized by the significant elevation of urinary levels of hydroxyglutaric acid causing progressive brain damage.
An 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria that involves damage to cerebellum affecting movement coordination resulting in problems with balance and muscle coordination (ataxia).
L-2-HYDROXYGLUTARIC ACIDEMIA
An 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria that involves developmental delay, seizures, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and abnormalities in the largest part of the brain (the cerebrum), which controls many important functions such as muscle movement, speech, vision, thinking, emotion, and memory.
A syndrome that is characterized by characterized by sagittal craniosynostosis and facial, ectodermal, and skeletal anomalies.
Levin syndrome
A macular degeneration that is characterized by a central cone dysfunction leading to a loss of vision with a normal fundus and normal fluorescein angiography findings.
A dysostosis characterized by short fingers and toes.
An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable plucking of ones hair.
A congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by muscle weakness, cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities and has_material_basis_in mutation to the POMT1 gene that encodes O-mannosyltransferase.
CMD due to dystroglycanopathy
An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation located in all parts of digestive tract.
A neutropenia characterized by a maturation arrest of granulopoiesis at the level or promyelocytes and early onset of severe bacterial infections.
A tooth disease characterized by failure to develop on or more missing teeth.
familial tooth agenesis
hypodontia
oligodontia
selective tooth agenesis
A bone development disease characterized by skeletal abnormalities and resulting in difficulty in breathing caused by mutations that result in ciliopathy.
Jeune syndrome
short-rib thoracic dysplasia with or without polydactyly
thoracic pelvic phalangeal dystrophy
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that has_material_basis_in Taenia solium or has_material_basis_in Taenia saginata, which are transmitted by ingestion of undercooked contaminated meat.
Beef tapeworm infection
Infection by Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Taenia saginata infectious disease
A schistosomiasis that involves parasitic infection of the intestine caused by Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma intercalatum or Schistosomiasis japonicum. The symptoms include fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, colonic polyposis with bloody diarrhea and eosinophilia.
Katayama fever
Schistosoma japonicum infection
Schistosoma mansoni infectious disease
schistosomiasis japonica
A tuberculosis that occurs at body sites other than the lung.
An extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is located_in gastrointestinal tract, located_in peritoneum, located_in omentum, located_in mesentery, located_in liver, located_in spleen or located_in pancreas.
A syndrome that is characterized by albinism, black lock, cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut and sensorineural deafness and has_material_basis_in a mutation in the endothelin B receptor gene (EDNRB).
ABCDS
albinism, black lock, cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut, and deafness
A syndrome that is characterized by light pigmentation with excessive freckling, sparse hair involving the scalp and axilla, lacrimal duct stenosis or atresia, onychodysplasia, hypodontia or early loss of permanent teeth, athelia or hypoplastic nipples, and breast hypoplasia, has_material_basis_in a mutation in TP63.
acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth syndrome
A syndrome characterized by achalasia, adrenal insufficiency and alacrima and has_material_basis_in mutations in the AAAS gene that encodes ALADIN within the nuclear envelope and results in dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
AAAS
Achalasia-Addisonianism-Alacrimia syndrome
Allgrove Syndrome
An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by a lack of formation of the distal extremities has_material_basis_in mutation in the LMBR1 gene.
Acheiropodia
Horn-Kolb Syndrome
A metal metabolism disorder characterized by dermatitis around bodily openings and the tips of fingers and toes, alopecia and diarrhea and has_material_basis_in mutation in the SLC39A4 gene that encodes a zinc uptake protein and results in zinc deficiency.
A keratosis that has_material_basis_in mutations in the ATP2A2 gene.
Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf
Hopf disease
An organ system cancer located_in the respiratory system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in the respiratory tract.
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the paranasal sinuses.
Epidermoid carcinoma of the paranasal sinus
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Accessory sinus
adenoid cystic carcinoma of Accessory sinus
paranasal sinus adenocarcinoma
paranasal sinus adenoid cystic carcinoma
paranasal sinus mucoepidermoid carcinoma
paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma
adenoid cystic carcinoma of paranasal sinus
squamous cell carcinoma of paranasal sinus
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm.
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located_in reproductive system organs.
A urinary system benign neoplasm located_in the bladder including papillomas, leiomyomas, fibromas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas and lipomas.
An organ system benign neoplasm located_in gastrointestinal tract organs.
A hepatobiliary benign neoplasm located_in the biliary tract.
extrahepatic bile duct neoplasm
neoplasm of extrahepatic bile ducts
tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct
A syndrome that is a genetically heterogeneous encephalopathy characterized in its most severe form by cerebral atrophy, leukodystrophy, intracranial calcifications, chronic cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis, increased CSF alpha-interferon, and negative serologic investigations for common prenatal infections.
Cree encephalitis
An eye disease characterized by fundus hypopigmentation, decreased visual acuity, nystagmus, astigmatism, myopia and defective darkness adaptation and has_material_basis_in mutation in the CACNA1F gene.
FORSIUS-ERIKSSON TYPE OCULAR ALBINISM
Forsius-Eriksson syndrome
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation at is in the gene encoding the monocarboxylate transporter-8 which alters the structure and function of the SLC16A2 protein which is then unable to transport the thyroid triiodothyronine (T3) hormone into nerve cells of the developing brain affecting normal brain development resulting in intellectual disability and problems with movement.
AHDS
ALLAN-HERNDON SYNDROME
A syndrome characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes.
An eye disease that is characterized by reduced pigmentation of the iris and the resulting impairment of visual acuity without significantly affecting the color of skin or hair and has_material_basis in mutation in the GPR143 gene that encodes segments of the melanosomes that stores melanin.
An amyloidosis characterized by pruritus, skin scratching and by deposits of amyloid in the dermis.
PCA
familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis
A vascular disease that is characterized by generalized calcification of the arterial internal elastic lamina, leading to rupture of the lamina and occlusive changes in the tunica intima with stenosis and decreased elasticity of the vessel wall.
generalized arterial calcification of infancy
idiopathic infantile arterial calcification
infantile arteriosclerosis
A connective tissue disease that is characterized by elongation and generalized tortuosity of the major arteries including the aorta.
A muscle tissue disease characterized by congenital joint contractures of hand and feet.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome
An X-linked disease that is characterized by profound congenital sensorineural hearing impairment, early-onset hypotonia, delayed motor development, mild to moderate intellectual disability, ataxia, and increased risk of infection and has_material_basis_in mutations of the PRPS1 gene.
ARTS
Lethal ataxia with deafness and optic atrophy
MRXS18
MRXSARTS
fatal X-linked ataxia with deafness and loss of vision
syndromic X-linked mental retardation 18
syndromic X-linked mental retardation Arts type
An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by specific patterns of aplasia/hypoplasia of humeri, femora, spine in newborns.
A metal metabolism disorder that is characterized by transferrin deficiency, microcytic anemia, and iron loading, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the structural gene for transferrin on chromosome 3q22.
familial hypotransferrinemia
An atrial fibrillation that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of the familial atrial fibrillation (ATFB) genes.
ATFB
A congenital heart septal defect characterized by an abnormal or inadequate fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions with the mid portion of the atrial septum and the muscular portion of the ventricular septum, thus allowing extra blood to circulate the lungs.
AVCD
AVSD
ECD
atrioventricular canal defect
endocardial cushion defect
A synostosis characterized by coronal craniosynostosis, short stature, and aplasia or hypoplasia of the radial bone.
A hypothyroidism that is characterized by thyroid dysgenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair and bifid epiglottis, has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the FKHL15 gene on chromosome 9q22.
HYPOTHYROIDISM, ATHYROIDAL, WITH SPIKY HAIR AND CLEFT PALATE
A syndrome that is characterized by congenital microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, severe developmental delay, simplified gyration and polymicrogyria that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in OCLN on chromosome 5q13.2.
BLC-PMG
BLCPMG
Baraitser-Brett-Piesowicz syndrome
Baraitser-Reardon syndrome
PTORCH1
band-like calcification with simplified gyration and polymicrogyria
bilateral band-like calcification with polymicrogyria
microcephaly-intracranial calcification-intellectual disability syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by macrocephaly, multiple noncancerous tumors and hamartomas, and dark freckles on the penis, and has_material_basis_in heterozygous germline mutation in the PTEN gene on chromosome 10q23.
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome
Riley-Smith syndrome
Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by leukonychia, wart-like skin growths, palmoplantar keratoderma and hearing loss, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene on chromosome 13q12.
KNUCKLE PADS, LEUKONYCHIA, AND SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS
A basal ganglia disease that is characterized by recurrent subacute encephalopathy, has_symptom confusion, has_symptom seizure, has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dystonia, has_symptom supranuclear facial palsy, has_symptom external ophthalmoplegia, and has_symptom dysphagia.
A syndrome that is characterized by cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans and craniosynostosis, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FGFR2 gene on chromosome 10q26.
A macular degeneration that it is characterized by the disruption of cells in a small area near the center of the retina, the macula and may cause progressive vision loss.
Best disease
Best macular dystrophy
juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy
A macular degeneration that is characterized by central vision loss, an absent electrooculogram light rise and a reduced electroretinogram, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the BEST1 gene on chromosome 11q12.
autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy
A congenital muscular dystrophy that is characterized by myopathy and joint contractures that progresses slowly, has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation in the COL6A1 gene, the COL6A2 gene, or the COL6A3 gene.
benign congenital muscular dystrophy
A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in severe mental and physical defects which can develop in a child when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. The presenting features include craniofacial dysmorphology (microcephaly, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small eye openings), pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, and central nervous system dysfunction.
A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in most, but not all, of the growth deficiency and/or craniofacial features of fetal alcohol syndrome including central nervous system dysfunction due to prenatal alcohol exposure.
A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in central nervous system dysfunction and behavioral and/or cognitive deficits due to prenatal alcohol exposure.
ARND
static encephalopathy
alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
A cerebral palsy that is caused by damage in the outer layer of the brain, the cerebral cortex, which results in increased tone, or tension, in a muscle causing abnormal movements.
A cerebral palsy that is caused by damage to the cerebellum, which affects muscle coordination, particularly in the limb. Some individuals suffer from hypotonia, tremors, difficulty with visual and/or auditory processing.
hypotonic cerebral palsy
A steroid inherited metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal conversion of cholesterol into bile acids which occurs predominantly in the liver.
3-beta-hydroxy-delta-5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency
CBA
cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid-5-beta-reductase deficiency
A syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, hyperactivity and facies, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KCNK9 gene on chromosome 8q24.
Birk-Barel mental retardation dysmorphism syndrome
A skin disease that is characterized by the development of skin papules on the head, face and upper torso, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding folliculin on chromosome 17p11.
A syndrome characterized by familial granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and skin granulomas. It has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutations in the NOD2 gene.
ARTHROCUTANEOUVEAL GRANULOMATOSIS
BLAUS
Jabs syndrome
An achromatopsia that is characterized by severely impaired color discrimination, low visual acuity, nystagmus, photophobia due to the absence of functional long wavelength-sensitive and medium wavelength-sensitive cones in the retina and has_material_basis_in recessive X-linked inheritance.
An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by severe dwarfism, dislocated joints, club feet, distinctive facies and dysplastic tubular bones with boomerang-like bowing, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FLNB gene on chromosome 3p14.
An X-linked disease that is characterized by intellectual disability, truncal obesity, seizures, hypogonadism, developmental delay, distinctive facial features, tapered fingers and short toes and has_material_basis_in X-linked recessive inheritance of mutations in the PHF6 gene.
BFLS
BORJ
Borjeson syndrome
MRXSBFL
intellectual deficiency-epilepsy-endocrine disorders syndrome
mental retardation, epilepsy, and endocrine disorder
syndromic X-linked mental retardation Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann type
A syndrome that is characterized by growth delays, failure to thrive and malformations of the head and face that results in infantile death, has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the EMG1 gene on chromosome 12p13.
BWCNS
Bowen Hutterite syndrome
Bowen-Conradi Hutterite syndrome
A carcinoma that is an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.
Small cell carcinoma - intermediate cell
Small cell carcinoma, intermediate cell
intermediate cell small cell carcinoma
A cancer that is classified based on the organ it starts in.
A cancer that is classified by the type of cell from which it is derived.
A large intestine cancer that is located_in the terminal part of the large intestine.
A syndrome that is characterized by brachydactyly and syndactyly, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the HOXD13 gene on chromosome 2q31.
An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by generalized platyspondyly without significant long bone abnormalities and short stature.
brachyrachia
A syndrome that is characterized by low birth weight and growth retardation, bilateral branchial clefts.
A skin disease that is characterized by the development of several types of tumors from the skin, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CYLD gene on chromosome 16q12.
BRSS
BSS
CYLD cutaneous syndrome
SBS
Spiegler-Brooke Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and a variety of cranial nerve palsies, usually involving the motor components of the seventh and ninth to twelfth cranial nerves.
A specific developmental disorder and physical disorder that is characterized by physical, behavioral and learning birth defects resulting from maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy.
A placenta disease that is an inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection.
A connective tissue disease that is an inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord.
A heart disease and a myopathy that is characterized by deterioration of the function of the heart muscle.
Cardiomyopathies
MESH:D009202 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
An epilepsy syndrome that is a group of clinical entities showing a cluster of electro-clinical characteristics, classified according to age at onset, cognitive and developmental antecedents and consequences, motor and sensory examinations, EEG features, provoking or triggering factors, and patterns of seizure occurrence with respect to sleep.
electro-clinical syndrome
An electroclinical syndrome with onset in the neonatal period less than 44 weeks of gestational age.
neonatal period electroclinical syndrome
An electroclinical syndrome with onset in infancy occurring between birth and one year of age.
An electroclinical syndrome with onset in childhood between one and 12 years of age.
An electroclinical syndrome with onset in adolescence and adulthood.
adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome
An electroclinial syndrome that is characterized by development of seizures later in life with a variable age of onset and duration.
variable age at onset electroclinical syndrome
A childhood electroclinical syndrome characterized by the occurrence of typical absence seizures starting between the age of four and ten years.
A neonatal period electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by tonic spasms and partial seizures.
Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Burst-Suppression
early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
An amino acid metabolic disorder that is classified by inadequate levels of the enzyme 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase that helps break down proteins containing the amino acid leucine. This disease has_symptom muscular hypotonia (weak muscle tone), has_symptom muscular atrophy, has_symptom feeding difficulties, has_symptom recurrent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, and has_symptom lethargy.
3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria
3MCC deficiency
BMCC deficiency
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
An iron metabolism disease that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of the retina and basal ganglia and diabetes mellitus.
An amino acid metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the GATM gene resulting in deficiency of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase which then limits creatine synthesis.
CEREBRAL CREATINE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME 3
arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency
An inherited metabolic disorder resulting from a deficiency in vitamin or vitamin cofactor transport or metabolism.
An amino acid metabolic disorder that has_material_basis in deficiency of ornithine translocase resulting in the accumulation of ammonia in the blood.
HHH syndrome
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome
An amino acid metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in defects in the biosynthesis of the amino acid L-serine.
A tyrosinemia that has_material_basis_in deficiency of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase disrupting the break down of tyrosine.
A carbohydrate metabolism disorder that is characterized by abnormal accumulation or depletion of liver glycogen.
A lipid storage disease that is characterized by accumulation of triglycerides in the cytoplasm of leukocytes, muscle, liver, fibroblasts, and other tissues.
Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome
A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by a deficiency of CoQ10 resulting from reduced biosynthesis.
COENZYME Q10 DEFICIENCY, PRIMARY
A vitamin metabolic disorder that results from low blood levels of vitamin B12.
cobalamin deficiency
hypocobalaminemia
A monogenic disease that has_material_basis_in muations in genes on the X chromosome.
An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by the presence of one disease-associated mutation of a gene which is sufficient to cause the disease.
An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by the presence of two mutated copies of the gene, both of which must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop.
A monogenic disease that has_material_basis_in a mutation in a single gene on one of the non-sex chromosomes.
A substance dependence that is characterized by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, increasing use, persistent desire to decrease consumption, time spent obtaining or recovering from alcohol caused by a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.
alcoholism
A substance dependence that is characterized by a physical dependence on nicotine.
tobacco use disorder
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has_material_basis_in mature T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
NK-T cell lymphoma
mature T-cell and natural killer cell lymphoma
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving aberrant T-cells.
A B-cell lymphoma that is a cancer of B cells presenting as an aggressive tumour which can arise in virtually any part of the body.
A B-cell lymphocytic neoplasm due to CD5 positive antigen-naive pregerminal center B-cell within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles.
A B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by initial formation in the marginal zones of lymph tissue.
marginal zone lymphoma
A mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma includes a group of T-cell lymphomas that develop away from the thymus.
A marginal zone B-cell lymphocyte located_in the spleen comprised of B-cells in place of white pulp.
A hereditary ataxia that is characterized by ataxia originating in the cerebellum.
An autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by the onset of ataxia between age three and thirty including axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, oculomotor apraxia, cerebellar atrophy and elevated alpha-fetoprotein, has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SETX gene on chromosome 9q34.
A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by hearing loss that begins early in life, problems with movement, impaired vision, and behavior problems, and has_material_basis_in mutations in the TIMM8A gene resulting in abnormal protein transport within the mitochondria.
Deafness Dystonia Optic Atrophy Syndrome
Deafness Dystonia Optic Neuronopathy Syndrome
Dystonia Deafness Syndrome
Jensen syndrome
Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome
Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome
deafness dystonia syndrome
deafness-dystonia-optic neuronopathy syndrome
An acquired metabolic disease that characterized by excessive production of acid.
A myotonic disease that is characterized by myotonia and progressive, proximal muscle wasting and weakness affecting the skeletal and smooth muscles of the neck, shoulders, elbows and hips and has_material_basis_in the autosomal dominant inheritance of the CNBP (ZNF9) gene containing an expansion of a CCTG repeat in intron one.
proximal myotonic myopathy
A syndrome that is characterized by congenital joint contractures, renal tubular dysfunction, cholestasis, severe failure to thrive, ichthyosis and a defect in platelet alpha-granule biogenesis and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the VPS33B gene or homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the VIPAR gene on chromosome 14q24.3.
ARTHROGRYPOSIS, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, AND CHOLESTASIS
Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome
Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis
A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by characterized by misshapen, spiny red blood cells (acanthocytosis) and neurological abnormalities, especially movement disorders.
A neuroacanthocytosis characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and red cell acanthocytosis, with onset in the third to fifth decade of life and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the VPS13A gene, which encodes chorein, on chromosome 9q21.
Levine-Critchley syndrome
choreo-acanthocytosis
A syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability, deafness, ocular abnormalities, T-cell leukemia, cryptorchidism, hypospadias and spasticity.
NSX
A liver disease that is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts located_in the liver.
congenital cystic liver disease
congenital hepatic cyst
fibrocystic liver disease
An endocrine organ benign neoplasm that arises within the adrenal medulla, releasing epinephrines and norepinephrines hormones that cause either episodic or persistent high blood pressure.
phaeochromocytoma
A pheochromocytoma that arises in extraadrenal sympathetic ganglia.
chemodectoma
glomus body tumor
A syndrome that is characterized by radial ray defect, patellae hypoplasia, cleft palate, diarrhea, dislocated joints, limb malformations, long nose and normal intelligence, has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DNA helicase gene RECQL4 on chromosome 8q24.
An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by hypoplastic iliac bones, hypoplastic vertebral bodies, short ribs and broad long bones, prenatally lethal, has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC35D1 gene on chromosome 1p31.
A non-syndromic intellectual disability characterized by a X-linked inheritance pattern.
non-specific X-linked mental retardation
non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability
An amino acid metabolic disorder that is characterized by mental retardation, severe speech delay, behavioral abnormalities and seizures, has_material_basis_in mutation in the creatine transporter gene on chromosome Xq28.
A heart conduction disease that is characterized by the impairment of the conduction between the atria and ventricles of the heart.
AV block
A heart conduction disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart which generates normal sinus rhythm.
SA node
sinuatrial node
A heart disease that is located_in the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.
A heart valve disease that is characterized by valvular insufficiency or valvular stenosis, located_in tricuspid valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
RH. tricuspid valve disease
Rheumatic disease of tricuspid valve
Rheumatic tricuspid valve disease
Tricuspid disease
disease of tricuspid valve
rheumatic tricuspid valve disease
A vascular disease that is located_in an artery.
A cardiovascular system disease that is located_in the fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
A dystonia that is localized to a specific part of the body.
A focal dystonia that is characterized as dystonia that affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck.
A sleep disorder characterized by repeated cessation and commencing of breathing that repeatedly disrupts sleep.
A glomerulonephritis that is characterized by hardening of the glomerulus in the kidney.
An intellectual disability that is characterized by the presence of associated medical and behavioral sign and symptoms.
An intellectual disability that is characterized by the absence of associated medical and behavioral signs and symptoms.
A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells.
Synucleinopathies
alpha Synucleinopathies
An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
CNS PNET
CPNET
brain medulloblastoma
infratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor
localized primitive neuroectodermal tumor
A salivary gland cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
A breast carcinoma that derives_from breast lobules (milk glands).
A cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance.
A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements.
An endocarditis that is characterized by inflammation of the endocardium caused by infectious agents.
A substance-related disorder that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and alcohol.
A complement deficiency that is a functional deficiency in the complement component C1 inhibitor leading to hereditary angioedema (HAE) involving swelling due to leakage of fluid from blood vessels into connective tissue.
Quincke edema
An autoimmune hypersensitivity disease located_in the central nervous system.
autoimmune disease of central nervous system
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system resulting in production of antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the endocrine system.
A severe combined immunodeficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, especially of the lung, and sterile necrotizing granulomas of the skin, develops_from deficiency or decreased surface expression of MHC Class I, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation affecting MHC Class I production or expression and frequently involves TAP1 and TAP2 subunits, and is typically asymptomatic in infancy.
BLS, TYPE I
BLSI
HLA CLASS I DEFICIENCY
bare lymphocyte syndrome type I
A severe combined immunodeficiency that has_material_basis in the RAG1 and RAG2 genes on chromosome 11p and the Artemis gene on chromosome 10p. It is characterized by erythroderma, desquamation, alopecia, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.
combined immunodeficiency with hypereosinophilia
A severe combined immunodeficiency that is a X-linked SCID that has_material_basis_in mutations in genes encoding common gamma chain proteins shared by the interleukin (IL-2,4,7,9,16 and21) receptors resulting in a non-functional gamma chain, defective interleukin signalling, minimal or ascent T- and NK cells and non-functional B-cells.
SCID-X1
X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
XSCID
gamma chain deficiency
thymic epithelial hypoplasia
A severe combined immunodeficiency that is an actin regulator when mutated results in SCID through inhibition of thymic egress of mature thymocytes into peripheral lymphoid organs.
A severe combined immunodeficiency that is the most severe form of SCID and has_material_basis_in mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2. It is characterized by congenital agranulocytosis, lymphopenia, and lymphoid and thymic hypoplasia with absent cellular and humoral immunity functions.
De Vaal disease
aleukocytosis
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the LIG4 gene, a DNA ligase, encoding a protein essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Patients present with immunodeficiency and developmental and growth delay.
LIG4 Syndrome
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a X-linked immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M (XHIM) affecting isotype switching and is caused by the absence of CD40 ligand which is normally expressed on activated CD4+ T cells. Individuals with this mutation are unable to switch from IgM to IgG, IgA and IgE.
HIGMX-1
X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
A B cell deficiency that is an autosomal recessive disorder that has_material_basis_in mutation in the IgA (CD79 alpha) antigen receptor.
IgA deficiency
gamma-A-globulin deficiency
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a condition where there is co-occurrence of deficient cell-mediated immunity and benign thymoma.
thymoma with hypogammaglobulinemia
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the exocrine system.
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the gastrointestinal tract.
autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the musculoskeletal system.
autoimmune disease of musculoskeletal system
An autoimmune disease of the nervous system that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the peripheral nervous system.
autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system
A cardiomyopathy that is characterized as weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable external cause.
A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development.
A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination.
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the skin and connective tissue.
autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue
A developmental disorder of mental health that refers to a group of five disorders characterized by impairments in socialization and communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.
pervasive development disorder
A pervasive developmental disorder that is a spectrum of psychological conditions. The disease has_symptom widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, has_symptom severely restricted interests and has_symptom highly repetitive behavior.
An autism spectrum disorder that involves some autistic symptoms occuring after age 3 with an abscence of all the traits necessary for a diagnosis of autism.
PDD
A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning.
A sexual disorder that is characterized recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects.
A language disorder that involves an acquired impairment of any laguage modality such as producting or comprehending spoken or written language.
A learning disability that involves impaired written language ability such as impairments in handwriting, spelling, organization of ideas, and composition.
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the urogenital tract.
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the blood.
An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the cardiovascular system.
autoimmune disease of cardiovascular system
An immune system disease that has_material_basis_in abnormal immune responses.
A hematologic cancer that affects lymphocytes that reside in the lymphatic system and in blood-forming organs.
lymphoid cancer
A lymphoma that is characterized as any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphoma.
A non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has_material_basis_in a mutation of T cells.
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
A kidney disease that is characterized by hyperuricemia with renal uric acid under-excretion, gout and chronic kidney disease.
familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy
A sideoblastic anemia that is characterized by the presence of microcytic hypochromic anemia and iron overload, and has_material_basis_in X-linked inheritance.
pyridoxine-responsive sideroblastic anemia
A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas dysfunction.
Pearson Marrow-Pancreas Syndrome
A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer.
A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body which lack the ability to metastasize.
An immune system cancer that is located_in the lymphatic system and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of lymphoid tissue.
A breast carcinoma in situ that is characterized by being non-invasive, not having spread outside of the duct into the surrounding breast tissue, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells.
A breast cancer that is characterized by the presence of estrogen receptors.
estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer
A thoracic benign neoplasm that is characterized by lack of malignancy.
An organ system cancer located_in the immune system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in organs of the immune system.
A benign neoplasm that is classified by the type of cell or tissue from which it is derived.
A benign neoplasm that is classified by the organ system from which it is arising from.
A reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is characterized by a lack of malignancy located_in the female reproductive system.
female reproductive organ benign neoplasm
A reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is characterized by a lack of malignancy located_in the male reproductive system.
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body.
A nervous system benign neoplasm that is characterized by lack of malignancy.
An organ system benign neoplasm disease located_in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system.
A connective tissue benign neoplasm that is located_in bone.
A female reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the uterus.
A nervous system benign neoplasm that is located_in a sensory organ.
An organ system benign neoplam that is located_in the thoracic cavity.
A bone benign neoplasm of the bone that is characterized by clinical and histological similarity to osteoid osteomas.
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located_in the muscular and skeletal organs.
An organ system cancer located_in the muscular and skeletal organs and characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the musculoskeletal organs.
skeletal system cancer
A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in glial cells.
A central nervous system cancer of children and young adults that develops from neural crest cells located_in cerebrum, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from neuroectoderm.
central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm
A brain cancer that has_material_basis_in glial cells.
lower grade glioma
A female reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the vulva.
A female reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the ovary.
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system.
A nervous system cancer that is located in the sensory system.
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the thoracic cavity.
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the pharynx.
pharyngeal neoplasm
pharynx neoplasm
pharyngeal cancer
An organ system benign neoplasm located_in the integumentary system organs.
An organ system cancer that is located_in the skin, hair and nails.
A musculoskeletal system benign neoplasm that is located_in connective tissue.
neoplasm of soft tissue
neoplasm of soft tissues
soft tissue benign neoplasm
tumor of the soft tissue
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease that results from a proliferation of cells producing immunoglobulin heavy chains.
A heavy chain disease that results from an overproduction of alpha antibodies (IgA).
Seligmann's disease
A heavy chain disease that results from an overproduction of gamma antibody (IgG).
Franklin's disease
A heavy chain disease that results from an overproduction of mu antibody (IgM).
An agnosia that is a deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize musical notes, rhythms, and intervals.
receptive amusia
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to gain feedback about one's own condition or impairments.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish visual shapes.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to map out physical actions in order to repeat them in functional activities.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize visual scenes or classes of objects but retain the abilty to describe them.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguishing environmental and non-verbal auditory cues including difficulty distinguishing speech from non-speech sounds even though hearing is usually normal.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive any auditory information but whose hearing is intact.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish the fingers on the hand.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive a whole object while perceiving only parts of details.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain.
analgesia
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recgonize a whole image or scene while retianing the ability to recognize objects or details in their visual field one at a time.
An agnosia that is the loss of the ability to recognize objects by touch based on its texture, size and weight.
somatosensory agnosia
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize or identify objects by touch alone.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognising spoken words as semantically meaningful.
An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognize objects.
A disease of metabolism that has _material_basis_in enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to an endocrine organ disease, organ malfunction, inadequate intake, dietary deficiency, or malabsorption.
An amino acid metabolic disorder that disrupts normal amino acid metabolism causing a building up of branched-chain amino acids.
organic acid metabolism disorder
organic aciduria
A spinal muscular atrophy that is associated with the survival of motor neuron protein in childhood.
spinal muscular atrophies of childhood
survival motor neuron spinal muscular atrophy
A spinal muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an X-linked recessive expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) in exon 1 of AR gene encoding the androgen receptor.
Kennedy disease
SBMA
Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy
X-Linked Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy
X-linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
spinal bulbar muscular atrophy
An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) encoding a polyglutamine tract in the atrophin-1 protein.
DRPLA
Haw River Syndrome
Naito-Oyanagi disease
A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive concern about and preoccupation with a perceived defect in his or her physical features (body image).
body dysmorphia
dysmorphic syndrome
dysmorphophobia
A somatoform disorder that involves chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress.
A recurrent hypersomnia that is characterized by recurring periods of excessive amounts of sleep and altered behavior.
A histidine metabolism disease characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme histidase.
histidinuria
An infancy electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by convulsions, with onset at age 3 to 12 months.
BFIC
BFIE
benign familial infantile convulsion
benign familial infantile seizures
An adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome statring between the age of ten to 17 years characterized by the occurrence of typical absence seizures.
A syndrome that is characterized by cardiac, hand/foot, facial, and neurodevelopmental features. The two forms are type 1 (classic) and type 2, a rare form that has_material_basis_in mutations in a transcript variant of CACNA1C on chromosome 12p13.33.
A gamma-amino butyric acid metabolism disorder that is characterized by a deficiency of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase resulting in elevated levels of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
4-hydroxybutyric aciduria
SSADH
gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
An amino acid metabolic disorder characterized by impairment of the GABA catabolic pathway.
gamma-amino butyric acid metabolism disorder
A gamma-amino butyric acid metabolism disorder that is characterized by an excess of homocarnosine in the brain and has_material_basis_in a deficiency of serum carnosinase in its ability to hydrolyze homocarnosine.
An inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation located_in colon.
An urticaria induced by external physical influences.
A heart conduction disease that is characterized by uncoordinated electrical activity in the heart's upper chambers (the atria), which causes the heartbeat to become fast and irregular and has symptoms palpitations, weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, shortness of breath and chest pain.
A-fib
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the gallbladder.
A non-syndromic intellectual disability characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
autosomal dominant mental retardation
autosomal dominant non-syndromic mental retardation
autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability
A syndromic intellectual characterized by an X-linked inheritance pattern.
syndromic X-linked mental retardation
syndromic X-linked intellectual disability
A syndrome associated with mutations encoding defective proteins, which result in either abnormal function formation or function of cilia.
A chromosomal disease that has_material_basis_in partial deletion of chromosomes.
A chromosomal disease that has_material_basis_in extra copies of a chromosomal region.
A corneal dystrophy that is characterized by abnormal deposition of proteins in the cornea and is caused by mutations in TGFBI gene of chromosome 5q.
A corneal dystrophy that affects the corneal stroma.
A corneal dystrophy that affects the corneal endothelium and/or the descemet membrane.
endothelial dystrophy
An allergic disease that is located_in the respiratory tract.
airway allergy
respiratory allergy
An allergic disease that is located_in the gastrointestinal tract.
gastrointestinal allergy
A food allergy triggered by a plant fruit product.
fruit allergy
A bone disease that is located_in the spine.
spinal disease
A syndrome that is characterized by abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance or full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome
An ichthyosis that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance and abnormal skin scaling over the whole body due to a defect in keratinization.
ARCI
lamellar ichthyosis
non bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis
A congenital nervous system abnormality characterized by failure of the anterior neuropore to close resulting in partial or complete absence of the cranial vault accompanied by absence of overlying tissues, including the brain and cerebral hemispheres, skull and scalp.
anencephaly
A leukodystrophy characterized by T2 hyperintensity and T1 iso- or hyperintensity of affected white matter in the central nervous system.
HLD
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous deletion on chromosome 2p21 that disrupts the SLC3A1 and PREPL genes. The deletion ranges in size from 23.8 to 75.5 kb. Itis characterized_by neonatal and infantile hypotonia and failure to thrive, cystinuria type 1 and nephrolithiasis, growth retardation due to growth hormone deficiency, and minor facial dysmorphism.
cystinuria with mitochondrial disease
hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome
A primary bacterial infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Salmonella. It has sypmtoms diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. In most cases, the illness lasts four to seven days, and most people recover without treatment.
Salmonella infection
A vascular disease caused by the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
thrombosis
A fruit allergy triggered by Fabaceae (legume) plant fruit or seed food product.
Fabaceae allergy
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from precursor cells called blast cells.
A bone marrow cancer that is formed of any one of the bone marrow cells belonging to the granulocytic (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil), monocytic/macrophage, erythroid, megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages.
myeloma
An electroclinical syndrome characterized by the occurrence of generalized onset seizures that cause lapses in awareness, begin and end abruptly, typically last only a few seconds and are associated with abnormal spike-wave discharges as seen by electroencephalogram.
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by low levels of thiamine.
thiamine deficiency disease
A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by significant reduction in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues, resulting in impaired mtDNA-encoded protein synthesis and energy production in the affected tissues and organs.
mtDNA depletion syndrome
mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
A musculoskeletal system disease that affects the muscles.
A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function.
skeletal disease
A bone disease that results_in formation or resorption abnormalities located_in bone.
A bone disease that results_in abnormal growth and development located_in bone or located_in cartilage.
A bone structure disease that results_in change or damage of structure located_in bone.
A bone disease that results_in an interruption of blood supply located_in bone.
A X-linked monogenic disease that has_material_basis_in dominant inheritance.
A bone disease that has_material_basis_in an abnormality in the location or function of the skeletal structure.
A bone remodeling disease that results in an abnormal decrease of bone density or mass.
A X-linked monogenic disease that has_material_basis_in recessive inheritance.
A genetic disease that has_material_basis_in extra, missing, or re-arranged chromosomes.
A disease that has_material_basis_in a genetic abnormality, error with embryonic development, infection or compromised intrauterine environment.
A neural tube defect that is characterized by incomplete closing of the spine and membranes around the spinal cord during early development.
An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by abnormally broad ends of the arm and leg long bones resembling a boat oar or paddle due to enlargement of the spongy inner layer of bone.
Bakwin-Krida syndrome
Pyle's disease
Pyle-Cohn syndrome
An osteochondrodysplasia that results_in abnormalities of bone growth located_in vertebral column, located_in epiphysis, located_in metaphysis.
A bone remodeling disease that results_in the destruction of normal bone and replacing it with fibrous bone tissue.
An osteosclerosis that is characterized by hyperostosis and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones associated with abnormal modeling of the metaphyses.
A hyperostosis that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the SOST gene which results_in overgrowth of endosteal bone producing dense and wide bones throughout the body especially located_in skull.
van Buchem disease
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the CTSK gene which results_in dwarfism, brittle bones, osteopetrosis, shortening of the distal phalanges.
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FGFR3 gene which affects ossification of cartilage and results_in short limb dwarfism.
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in deficient endochondral ossification which results_in dwarfism, short-trunk, short-limbed, anascara, disaprportionately large cranium, and a narrow chest which leads to death in utero or during early neonatal period.
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the COL2A1 gene which results_in dwarfism with a short trunk and limbs as well as vision and hearing problems. The disease has_symptom large joints, has_symptom wide set eyes, has_symptom round flat face.
A syndrome that is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, eye abnormalities, hearing loss, and joint problems.
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutations in the COMP gene which results_in short limb dwarfism.
PSEUDOACHONDROPLASIA
SPONDYLOEPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, PSEUDOACHONDROPLASTIC
pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mesomelia and acromelia, which results_in short limb dwarfism.
A colonic disease that is characterized by bowel obstruction resulting from impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
A physical disorder characterized by incomplete closure of the neural tube.
A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by a clinical triad of psychomotor retardation, intractable epilepsy, and liver failure in infants and young children, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma on chromosome 15q26.
Alper's syndrome
Alpers disease
Alpers progressive infantile poliodystrophy
Alpers syndrome
Alpers' disease or gray-matter degeneration
progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy
A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by progressive ataxia, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, athetosis and sensory impairment and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the C10ORF2 gene, which encodes the twinkle and twinky proteins, on chromosome 10q24.
OHAHA SYNDROME
infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia
mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 7
A lipid storage disease characterized by lysosomal and lipase deficiency.
lysosomal and lipase deficiency
A central nervous system benign neoplasm the is located_in the peripheral nervous system.
peripheral nervous system benign neoplasm
A peripheral nervous system benign neoplasm that is located_in the autonomic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system benign neoplasm
A cystic kidney disease that is characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys that reduces kidney function and may lead to kidney failure.
polycystic kidney disease
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the hepatobiliary system.
hepatobiliary system cancer
A cell type cancer that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures, representing an early form of colorectal cancer.
malignant adenoma
A male reproductive system disease that is located_in the epididymis.
epididymis disease
A peroxisomal biogenesis disorder that has_material_basis_in defects in PEX genes.
peroxisomal biogenesis disorder
An early infantile epileptic encephalopathy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN1A gene on chromosome 2q24.
early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 6
A lipid storage disease that is characterized by increased storage of carbohydrates and lipids.
mucolipidosis
A thyroid gland carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
thyroid gland adenocarcinoma
A thyroid gland adenocarcinoma characterized by extensive evidence of follicular cell differentiation.
differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma
A hyperimmunoglobin syndrome that is characterized by an immune system that fails to produce normal levels of the antibodies IgA, IgG and IgE but can produce normal or elevated levels of IgM.
immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM
hyper IgM syndrome
A hyperimmunoglobulin syndrome that is characterized by eczema, distinct facial features, a tendency to experience bone fractures and recurrent bacterial infections of the skin and lungs.
hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome
hyper IgE syndrome
A viral infectious disease that has_material_basis_in Coronavirus.
Coronavirus infectious disease
A benign neoplasm that derives_from germ cells.
germ cell benign neoplasm
A germ cell benign neoplasm that derives_from mature tissue elements or a limited amount of immature tissue elements.
A kidney benign neoplasm that is located_in the kidney cortex.
nephroma
A kidney disease that is located_in the kidney cortex.
kidney cortex disease
A sensory system benign neoplasm that is located in the auditory system.
auditory system benign neoplasm
A B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by the presence of too many B-cell lymphoblasts in the blood and bone marrow.
precursor B lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
An acute lymphocytic leukemia characterized by too many B-cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) in the bone marrow and blood.
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
A bone cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm.
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutations in genes that alter the Ras subfamily and mitogen-activated protein kinases that control signal transduction.
RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase syndrome
RASopathy
An asthma that is characterized by severe and sudden onset of increasing wheezing, airways closing, smooth muscle contraction, mucus plugging and lower airway edema that may be reversible upon treatment.
acute asthma
A malignant glioma that originate from two types of glial cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
low-grade glioma
A low-grade glioma that occurs in children and encompasses tumors of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, and mixed glial-neuronal histology.
pediatric low-grade glioma
A hypogonadism characterized by a impaired signalling by gonadotrpin relasing hormone.
congenital idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
isolated congenital gonadotropin deficiency
A neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that is characterized by juvenile-onset of progressive dementia, seizures, and progressive visual failure and an ultrastructural pattern of lipopigment with a 'fingerprint' profile and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CLN3 gene on chromosome 16p11.
Batten disease
CLN3
juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and other regions of the brain, resulting in extrapyramidal movements, such as parkinsonism and dystonia.
NBIA
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
A congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A characterized by cobblestone lissencephaly, muscle weakness, and brain and eye anomalies that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance a defect in alpha-dystroglycan post-translational processing.
MDDGA
congenital muscular alpha-dystroglycanopathy with brain and eye anomalies
klissencephaly type 2 with muscular and ocular involvement
congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A
A familial hyperlipidemia characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and fasting chylomicronemia.
A syndrome characterized by facial, limbs and genital anomalies, and a disproportionate acromelic short stature.
A syndrome characterized by sparse, brittle, sulfur-deficient hair that is easily broken and in more severe cases delayed development, significant intellectual disability, and recurrent infections.
A trichothiodystrophy characterized by absence of extreme sensitivity to UV radiation.
A primary immunodeficiency disease that involves multiple components of the immune system.
An intestinal disease that involves intestinal infection that has_material_basis_in viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
bacterial enteritis
High Frequency Hearing Loss
High frequency deafness
Perceptive deafness
Perceptive hearing loss
Perceptive hearing loss or deafness
Sensorineural Deafness
Sensory hearing loss
central hearing loss
high-frequency hearing loss
A multiple endocrine neoplasia that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene and is characterized by over active endocrine glands frequently involving tumors of the parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland, and the pancreas.
MEN type I
Wermer syndrome
Wermer's syndrome
An endometrial disease that is characterized by inflammation of the endometrium.
malignant tumour of ampulla of vater
A small intestine cancer that is located_in the beginning section of the small intestine.
Duodenal cancer
cancer of duodenum
duodenal neoplasm
A migraine characterized by migraine headache which is preceded or accompanied by a transient focal neurological phenomenon.
classic migraine
A tertiary neurosyphilis that results in slow degeneration of the nerve cells and nerve fibers that carry sensory information to the brain. The infection has symptom intense, stabbing pain in the back and legs that recurs irregularly, has symptom gait ataxia, has symptom hyperesthesia, has symptom paresthesia, has symptom loss of bladder sensation leading to urine retention, has symptom erectile dysfunction.
Posterior spinal sclerosis
Tabes dorsalis - neurosyphilis
A female reproductive system disease that is characterized by an infection of the female reproductive organs.
PID
Ciliary muscle paresis
Cycloplegic paralysis of accommodation
Paresis of accommodation
An eye disease that is characterized by decreased ability to change the optical power of the eye to maintain a clear image.
FAMM syndrome
familial atypical multiple mole-melanoma
A melanoma that is characterized as highly aggressive and manifests as a uniform blue-black, blue-red, or amelanotic nodule.
nodular melanoma
A uterine disease that is located_in the endometrium.
Subglottic tumor
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the bowel by Hymenolepis nana or Hymenolepis diminuta. The symptoms include diarrhea, gastrointestinal discomfort, itchy anus, poor appetite and weakness.
Hymenolepis infectious disease
dwarf tapeworm infection
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. The symptoms include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss and vitamin B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia.
DiphylloboInOwlthrium infection
fish tapeworm
A taeniasis that results from ingestion of eggs or larvae of the Taenia solium tapeworm in undercooked pork or fecally contaminated food or water, which subsequently infect the central nervous system, heart, muscles, subcutaneous tissues, and eyes. Neurocysticercosis causes seizures, mental disturbances, focal neurologic deficits and intracerebral lesions.
Pork tapeworm infection
Tapeworm infection: intestinal taenia solum
Tapeworm infection: pork
intestinal taenia solium infection
neurocysticercosis
tenia solium infectious disease
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection by the genus Spirometra. A painful nodule develops after the plerocercoid larvae migrate to the brain causing cerebral sparganosis. Subcutaneous tissue, breast, orbit, urinary tract, pleural cavity, lungs, abdominal viscera and inner ear can be infected.
Infection by Sparganum
Sparganosis
A central nervous system disease that is located_in the skull and is characterized by a collection of pus (infected material) inside the skull.
A trypanosomiasis that results from infection by Trypanosoma brucei and gambiense, which is transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly (Glossina spp). The symptoms include fever, headache, joint pain, itching, confusion, sensory disturbances, poor coordination and sleep disturbances.
African sleeping sickness
African trypanosomiasis
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by parasitic protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma in animals and humans.
A skin disease that is characterized by discoloration of the skin.
An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction.
A corneal disease characterized by structural changes within the cornea causing it to thin and change, leading to a protruding conical shape.
conical cornea
A vein disease that is characterized by impaired flow of blood through the veins.
peripheral venous insufficiency
Conjunctival xerosis
A lacrimal apparatus disease that is characterized by persistent irritation or burning of the coreneal surface.
Tear film insufficiency
An intestinal cancer that is located_in the small intestine.
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the intestine.
malignant intestinal tumors
malignant neoplasm of intestine
An ischemic bone disease that results_in necrosis located_in bone.
Avascular necrosis of bone
aseptic necrosis
bone necrosis
A skin benign neoplasm that derives_from fat cells.
Cutaneous Lipoma
Lipoma of skin
cutaneous lipomatous tumor
lipoma of face
A bone inflammation disease that has_material_basis_in infection located_in bone or located_in bone marrow.
A breast benign neoplasm that is composed of lipocytes.
Lipoma of breast
A myositis that results_in inflammation located_in muscle or located_in skin where a skin rash is often seen prior to the onset of muscle weakness. The disease may result from either a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction.
Polymyositis with skin involvement
dermatopolymyositis
Amyopathic dermatomyositis
MESH:C538250 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
Aortic atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis of aorta
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in superficial peripheral nerves, located_in skin, located_in mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, located_in anterior chamber of the eyes, or located_in testes, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium leprae, which is transmitted_by aerosol spread from infected nasal secretions to exposed nasal and oral mucosa. The infection has_symptom skin lesions, has_symptom sensory loss, has_symptom motor loss and has_symptom eye damage.
A hemolytic anemia characterized by decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains.
Sickle-cell thalassemia with crisis
Sickle-cell thalassemia without crisis
thalassemia Hb-S disease with crisis
thalassemia Hb-S disease without crisis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in infection located_in leukocyte, has_material_basis_in Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which are transmitted_by lone start stick and transmitted_by black-legged tick respectively. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom fatigue and has_symptom rash.
human ehrlichiosis
A pleural disease that is characterized by inflammation of the pleura, the lining of the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs.
A viral infectious disease that results in infection in sheep and rarely humans, has_material_basis_in Louping ill virus, which is transmitted by sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus. The infection has symptom lethargy, has symptom muscle pains, has symptom fever, and has symptom focal neurological signs.
Louping ill
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in salivary gland, has_material_basis_in Mumps rubulavirus, which is transmitted by droplet spread of saliva or mucus from the mouth, nose, or throat of an infected person, or transmitted by contaminated fomites. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom tiredness, has symptom loss of appetite, has symptom swollen and tender salivary glands under the ears or jaw on one or both sides of the face.
A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart's electrical conduction system.
heart rhythm disease
A male reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the prostate.
NGP - new growth of prostate
hereditary prostate cancer
malignant tumor of the prostate
prostate cancer, familial
prostate neoplasm
prostatic cancer
prostatic neoplasm
tumor of the prostate
Raynaud's disease
Raynaud's syndrome
A parotid disease characterized by the inflammation of one or both parotid glands.
Sialoadenitis
A endocardium disease characterized by inflammation of the endocardium of the heart chambers and valves.
An interstitial lung disease that is caused by the inhalation of dust.
A pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation and retention of asbestos fibers.
Flax-dressers' disease
Stripper's asthma
cotton mill fever
A pneumoconiosis that is an inflammation and scarring of the uper lobes of the lungs causing nodular lesions resulting from inhalation of silica, quartz or slate particles.
Pneumoconiosis due to silicates
Silica pneumoconiosis
Silicotic fibrosis of lung
silicotuberculosis
Coal Miner's Pneumoconiosis
Coal workers' lung
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis
Melanoedema
black lung
pulmonary siderosis
A breast benign neoplasm that is characterized by a fluid-filled sac.
Cyst of the breast
A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.
lymphoblastic leukaemia
lymphoblastic leukemia
lymphocytic leukaemia
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in infection located in skin, located in joint or located in bone, has_material_basis_in Treponema pallidum subsp pertenue, which is transmitted by direct skin contact with an infected person. The infection has symptom skin lesions.
Bouba
frambesia
frambesia tropica
frambosie
polypapilloma tropicum
thymosis
Strabismic amblyopia
An eye disease that is characterized by poor vision in one eye resulting from the brain failing to process inputs from one eye and over time favors the other eye.
Deprivation amblyopia
Bamberger-Marie disease
HPOA - hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Marie Bamberger disease
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
A plague that results_in infection located_in lung, which results from direct inhalation of the bacillus and has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom cough and has_symptom difficulty breathing.
primary pneumonic plague
secondary pneumonic plague
A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Bacteria.
A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood.
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CLL
chronic lymphatic leukaemia
chronic lymphatic leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
lymphoplasmacytic leukaemia
lymphoplasmacytic leukemia
B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia
A physical disorder that is characterized by abnormal segmentation of the vertebra during fetal development which results in fusion located in cervical vertebra.
Klippel-Feil and Turner syndrome
Klippel-Feil deformity, deafness and facial asymmetry
autosomal dominant Klippel-Feil syndrome
congenital dystrophia brevicollis
congenital synostosis of cervical vertebrae
A corneal ulcer that is characterized by painful peripheral corneal ulceration, sterile limbal inflammation, and episcleral and conjunctival edema.
Mooren ulcer
An upper respiratory tract disease which is characterized by inflammation of the tonsils resulting from bacterial (Group A streptococcus) and viral (Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus) infections. Symptoms include a severe sore throat, painful or difficult swallowing, coughing, headache, myalgia, fever and chills.
Throat infection - tonsillitis
chronic tonsillitis
A legionellosis that is characterized by severe form of infection producing pneumonia. Symptoms include fever, chills, and cough.
Infection by Legionella pneumophilia
Legionella
Legionella pneumonia
Legionnaire's disease
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Legionella pneumophila, which is transmitted_by inhalation of droplets containing bacteria. The symptoms include dry cough, fever, headache and diarrhea.
Legionella infection
An upper respiratory tract disease which involves inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, eyes, and eustachian tubes with watery then purulent discharge. This is an acute contagious disease caused by rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, or metapneumovirus.
Acute viral rhinopharyngitis
Nasopharyngitis - acute
Nasopharyngitis, acute
acute Nasopharyngitis
acute coryza
acute nasopharyngitis
acute rhinitis
rhino-sinusitis
A nasopharyngeal disease which involves inflammation of the nasal passages and upper part of the pharynx.
chronic nasopharyngitis
Compound dental caries
Dental caries extending into dentine
Dentin caries
Patellar tendonitis
A muscular disease that is located_in the diaphragm.
Congenital atresia of esophagus
Congenital imperforate esophagus
Imperforate esophagus
Oesophageal atresia
A megacolon that is characterized by a blockage of the large intestine due to improper muscle movement in the bowel.
Hirschsprung disease
aganglionic megacolon
congenital megacolon
macrocolon
pelvirectal achalasia
total intestinal aganglionosis
Congenital atresia of anus
Congenital or infantile occlusion of anus
Imperforate anus
anal atresia
Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency
Corticoadrenal insufficiency
A pneumonia described as an inflammatory illness of the lung commonly caused by viruses such as influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus, hantavirus, and cytomegalovirus.
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the stomach.
gastric cancer
gastric neoplasm
Lymphoma of the stomach
Ca cardia - stomach
malignant neoplasm of cardia of stomach
A central nervous system disease that involves encephalitis which occurs along with meningitis.
Meningoencephalitis
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the OCRL gene on chromosome Xq26 and that is characterized by hydrophthalmia, cataract, mental retardation, vitamin D-resistant rickets, amino aciduria, and reduced ammonia production by the kidney.
Lowe syndrome
lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome
oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe
A bone remodeling disease that has_material_basis_in a vitamin D deficiency which results_in softening located_in bone.
A cerebral degeneration characterized by dysfunction of the white matter of the brain.
A sphingolipidosis characterized by the accumulation of sulfatides in cells, especially the myelin producing cells of the nervous system.
MLD
Scholz cerebral sclerosis
arylsulfatase A deficiency
deficiency of cerebroside-sulfatase
sulfatide lipoidosis
HMSN type IV
HSMN IV
Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis
Refsum's disease
A retinal degeneration characterized by the gradual deterioration of the photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium of the retina leading to progressive sight loss.
pericentral pigmentary retinopathy
Diffuse globoInOwlid body sclerosis
GLOBOID CELL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency
Krabbe's disease
Krabbe's leukodystrophy
beta galactocerebrosidase deficiency
globoInOwlid cell leukodystrophy
A leukodystrophy that disrupts the breakdown of very-long-chain fatty acids resulting in progressive brain damage, failure of the adrenal glands and eventually death.
ALD
Bronze Schilder disease
Encephalitis periaxialis concentrica
Encephalitis periaxialis, Schilder's
Siemerling-Creutzfeldt Disease
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
diffuse sclerosis
sudanophilic cerebral sclerosis
MESH:D000326w added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A specific developmental disorder that involves significant limitations both in mental functioning and in adaptive behavior such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills.
MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 15
mental retardation
OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
A hypertension occurring during pregnancy characterized by large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and edema, usually by the last trimester of pregnancy.
gestational hypertension
hypertension induced by pregnancy
pre-eclamptic toxaemia
preeclampsia
preeclampsia/eclampsia
pregnancy associated hypertension
pregnancy toxemia
proteinuric hypertension of pregnancy
toxaemia of pregnancy
A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of the muscles of the foot, lower leg, hand and forearm.
CMT - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
An amino acid metabolic disorder that is caused by abnormalities of the renal tubules and is characterized especially by aminoaciduria involving only monocarboxylic monoamines, a dry red scaly rash, and episodic muscular incoordination due to the effects of the disease on the cerebellum.
Neutral 1 amino acid transport defect
deficiency of tryptophan oxygenase
neutral amino acid transport defect
A tic disorder that is characterized by single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year.
chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
Glucose: intolerance
Glucose: malabsorption
Malabsorption of glucose
LM - Lactose malabsorption
An intestinal disease that is characterized by a reduced ability to absorb nutrients due to the physical loss or the loss of function of a portion of the small and/or large intestine.
acquired short bowel syndrome
short gut syndrome
An intestinal disease characterized by a dysbalance of the bacterial flora of the small intestine, causing derangement to the normal physiological processes of digestion and absorption.
Bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Blind loop syndrome
Sprue - tropical
Tropical steatorrhea
An autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract that is caused by a reaction located_in small intestine to gliadin, a prolamin (gluten protein) found in wheat, and similar proteins found in the crops of the tribe Triticeae. The disease is associated with HLA-DQ gene. It has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom constipation, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom nausea and vomiting, and has_symptom loss of appetite.
celiac sprue
coeliac disease
idiopathic steatorrhea
A bone remodeling disease that has_material_basis_in impaired mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphyseal closure due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium which results_in softening and deformity located_in bone.
active rickets
vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets
vitamin D-dependent rickets
pancreatic steatorrhoea
Enteropathy, exudative
Exudative enteropathy
Protein-losing enteropathy
An urticaria that is characterized by erythematous papules and plaques, has_symptom pruritis, and has_material_basis_in allergic reaction.
Allergic urticaria
A renal tubular transport disease of the proximal renal tubes characterized by glucosuria, phosphaturia, generalized aminoaciduria and HCO3 wasting.
Congenital Fanconi syndrome
De Toni-Fanconi syndrome
Fanconi-de Toni syndrome
Fanconi-de-Toni syndrome
Infantile nephropathic cystinosis
Lignac-Fanconi syndrome
adult Fanconi Anemia
adult Fanconi syndrome
deToni Fanconi syndrome
An eye disease where one or both eyeballs are abnormally small.
microphthalmos
simple microphthalmos
renal tubulo-interstitial disease
A syndrome that is characterized by diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.
A lysosomal storage disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cystine in the lysosomes. It follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and that has_material_basis_in mutations in the CTNS gene, located on chromosome 17.
cystine storage disease
A personality disorder that involves a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs.
A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.
Alzheimer disease
Alzheimers dementia
Colonic Lipoma
A glaucoma characterized by optic nerve damage resulting in progressive loss of visual field and increased pressure in the eye due to trabecular blockage.
Wide-angle glaucoma
glaucoma simplex
open angle glaucoma
pigmentary glaucoma
A breast disease characterized by painful infection of the breast tissue.
Inflammatory breast disease
Inflammatory disease of breast
breast inflammation
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection by flukes of the genus Paragonimus. In the acute phase, the symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia. Pulmonary manifestations include cough, expectoration of discolored sputum, hemoptysis, and chest radiographic abnormalities. Various organs like brain, spleen and liver can be infected.
Infection by Paragonimus
lung fluke disease
lung fluke infection
pulmonary paragonimiasis
An open-angle glaucoma that is characterized by the absence of any apparent obstruction of aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork with gonioscopy, but often with elevated intraocular pressure.
chronic simple glaucoma
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection of the small intestine by a single-celled enteric protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis. The symptoms include greasy and malodorous stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.
Infection by Giardia lamblia
beaver feaver
A kidney disease characterized by the failure of the kidneys to adequately filter waste products from the blood.
renal failure
A otitis which involves inflammation of the middle ear.
An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries.
HTN
High blood pressure
hyperpiesia
vascular hypertensive disorder
hypertensive disease
Moschcowitz's syndrome
Idiopathic myocarditis
Isolated (Fiedler's) myocarditis
fiedler myocarditis
A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia australis, which is transmitted_by ticks (Ixodes holocyclus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom maculopapular rash, and has_symptom lymphadenopathy.
Australian tick typhus
Rickettsia australis spotted fever
North Queensland tick typhus
A sinusitis which involves infection of the frontal sinuses over the eyes in the brow area. This causes pain or pressure in the frontal sinus cavity and headache over the forehead.
A maxillary sinusitis which lasts for 12 weeks or more.
chronic antritis
A sinusitis which involves infection of sphenoid sinuses that causes pain or pressure behind the eyes, but often refers to the vertex of the head.
Sphenoidal sinusitis
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the lymphatics and subcutaneous tissue by nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea.
disease due to superfamily Filarioidea
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the nasal cavity.
malignant neoplasm of nasal cavities
malignant tumor of the nasal cavity
Lymphoma of the nasal cavity
lymphoma of nasal cavity
A duodenum cancer that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
Duodenal adenocarcinoma
A filariasis that is a zoonotic infection caused by nematodes Dirofilaria immitis or Dirofilaria repens, which are transmitted to humans from dogs, cats, wolves and coyotes by infected mosquitoes. The disease manifests as either subcutaneous nodules or pulmonary lesions.
Dirofilaria infectious disease
Infection by Dirofilaria
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in brain of horses and humans, has_material_basis_in Eastern equine encephalitis virus, which is transmitted by Aedes, transmitted by Coquillettidia, and transmitted by Culex species of mosquitoes. The infection has symptom sudden onset of headache, has symptom high fever, has symptom chills, has symptom vomiting, has symptom disorientation, has symptom seizures, and has symptom coma.
Neuroinvasive Eastern equine encephalitis virus infection
EEE
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain, has_material_basis_in Murray Valley encephalitis virus, which is transmitted_by Culex annulirostris mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom drowsiness, has_symptom confusion, has_symptom fitting, and has_symptom weakness.
Australian X disease
Australian encephalitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain of horses and humans, has_material_basis_in Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, which is transmitted_by Culex and transmitted_by Aedes species of mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom altered mental status, and has_symptom weakness.
WEE
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in brain, has_material_basis_in Japanese encephalitis virus, which is transmitted_by Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito bite. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom high fever, has_symptom neck stiffness, has_symptom stupor, has_symptom disorientation, has_symptom coma, has_symptom tremors, has_symptom convulsions, and has_symptom spastic paralysis.
Japanese B encephalitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain, has_material_basis_in St. Louis encephalitis virus, which is transmitted_by Culex mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom high fever, has_symptom neck stiffness, has_symptom stupor, has_symptom disorientation, has_symptom coma, has_symptom tremors, has_symptom convulsions and has_symptom spastic paralysis.
Neuroinvasive St. Louis encephalitis virus infection
A chromosomal duplciation syndrome that is characterized by slow growth before birth and a low birth weight and that has_material_basis_in three copies of chromosome 18.
Complete trisomy 18 syndrome
E3 Trisomy
trisomy 18
A mouth disease located_in the salivary gland.
Non-neoplastic Salivary gland disease
Salivary gland disease
Incomitant dissociation
Paralytic strabismus
A degeneration of macula and posterior pole that is characterized by a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the macula) resulting from damage to the retina and resulting in blurring of the sharp central vision.
Age Related Maculopathies
Age Related Maculopathy
Senile macular degeneration
Senile macular retinal degeneration
age-related macular degeneration
Exudative senile macular degeneration of retina
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Senile macular degeneration, wet
Wet senile macular retinal degeneration
A spina bifida that is characterized by herniation of the meninges between the vertebrae.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Human coxsackievirus A16 or has_material_basis_in Human enterovirus 71, which are transmitted_by contaminated fomites, and transmitted_by contact with nose and throat secretions, saliva, blister fluid and stool of infected persons. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom poor appetite, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom painful sores in the mouth, and has_symptom skin rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Vesicular stomatitis and exanthem
A viral infectious disease that results in necrosis located in intercostal muscle, has_material_basis_in Human enterovirus B. The infection has symptom severe chest pain, has symptom fever, has symptom malaise, has symptom pleuritis, and has symptom headache.
Bamble disease
Bornholm disease
Epidemic pleurisy
Epidemic, myositis
devil's grip
epidemic myalgia
A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in mouth, has_material_basis_in Human coxsackievirus A16, has_material_basis_in Human enterovirus 71, has_material_basis_in group B coxsackievirus, or has_material_basis_in echoviruses, which are transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, transmitted by contact with pharyngeal secretions, or transmitted by droplet spread of oronasal secretions. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom lesions in the back area of the mouth, particularly the soft palate or tonsillar pillars.
Vesicular pharyngitis
spinal dysraphism
A physical disorder characterized by an abnormally placed urethral opening on the underside of the penis or on the perineum.
familial hypospadias
A congenital nervous system abnormality that is characterized by a significantly smaller than normal head in infants.
Microcephalus
microencephaly
A cerebral degeneration characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, leading to progressive enlargement of the head.
hydrocephalus, X-linked
hydrocephalus, nonsyndromic, autosomal recessive
A cognitive disorder where the memory is disturbed or lost and involves the loss of memories previously established, loss of the ability to create new memories, or loss of the ability to learn new information.
Amnestic syndrome
Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome
amnesia
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, change in mental status and acute onset of severe memory impairment without any dysfunction in intellectual abilities, and has_material_basis_in thiamine deficiency.
Korsakoff Syndrome
Korsakoff's psychosis
Korsakoff's syndrome
Korsakov psychosis
Korsakov's psychosis
A gender identity disorder that is characterized by an individual's identification with a gender inconsistent or not culturally associated with their biological sex.
A blood protein disease that is characterized by low number of red blood cells, repeated infections, and periodic episodes of pain, resulting from atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
Hb SC disease
Hb-S/Hb-C disease
Hb-SS disease without crisis
Hemoglobin S disease without crisis
Sickle-cell/Hb-C disease without crisis
drepanocytosis
haemoglobin SC disease
hemoglobin SC disease
sickle cell anaemia
A personality disorder that involves a prolonged disturbance of personality function characterized by depth and variability of moods.
A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people.
A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.
OCPD
Anankastic personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A dissociative disorder that involves the simultaneous display of multiple distinct identities or personalities.
Dissociative identity disorder
A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated).
dissociative disease
dissociative reaction
A personality disorder that is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness and sometimes sexual apathy, with a simultaneous rich, elaborate and exclusively internal fantasy world.
A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others.
A personality disorder that is characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.
A personality disorder that involves a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Asocial personality
Dissocial personality disorder
Psychopath.personality
Psychopathic personality
Psychopathic personality disorder
sociopathic personality
A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity, with each behavior occurring infrequently alone and symptoms starting before seven years of age.
ADHD
attention deficit disorder
hyperkinetic disorder
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
brain aneurysm
A kidney disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the kidneys.
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the intestine, lungs, skin and central nervous system with nematode Strongyloides stercoralis.
Infection by Strongyloides
disseminated strongyloidiasis
A spastic cerebral palsy that affects lower extremities resulting in tight leg and hip muscles. The legs cross at the knees, making it difficult to walk.
Diplegic infantile cerebral palsy
Infantile spastic cerebral palsy
Little's disease
Littles disease
cerebral spastic infantile paralysis
infantile diplegic cerebral palsy
A spastic cerebral palsy that affects one side of the body resulting in stiff arm, hand and leg. On the affected side,the arm and leg may not develop normally.
Congenital hemiplegia
Hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Hemiplegic infantile cerebral palsy
hemiplegic cerebral palsy
spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy
A central nervous system disease that is characterized by the complete paralysis of half of the body.
Infantile hemiplegia
Postnatal infantile hemiplegia
A spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs. The individuals have difficulty with walking and talking.
quadriplegic infantile cerebral palsy
spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy
tetraplegic infantile cerebral palsy
Salpingitis/oophoritis
Tubo-ovarian inflammatory disease
An ovarian disease that is characterized by inflammation of the ovary.
membranous nephropathy
A syndrome disease that is characterized by glomerulonephritis, endstage kidney disease, and hearing loss.
Hereditary Nephritis
Alpha thalassemia is a thalassemia involving the genes HBA1and HBA2 hemoglobin genes.
Alpha thalassaemia
alpha-Thalassemia
A very rare form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, characterized by a brief but intense attack of inflammation and necrotizing vasculitis of venules and hemorrhage, and edema.
AHL
Weston-Hurst syndrome
acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis of Weston Hurst
acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis
acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
An eye disease that affects the lens of the eye, which is the transparent disc that focuses light to the photosensors in the back of the eye.
A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the ovary.
Corneal oedema
A dissociative disorder where he continuity of the patient's memory is disrupted. Patients with dissociative amnesia have recurrent episodes in which they forget important personal information or events, usually connected with trauma or severe stress.
psychogenic amnesia
A dissociative disorder in which the sufferer is affected by persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and/or derealization.
Neurotic derealization
A syndrome that results_in rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia.
Felty syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis with splenoadenomegaly and leukopenia
A lung disease that is characterized by a newborn breathing in a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery.
Neonatal aspiration of meconium
meconium aspiration
An urinary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the urinary bladder.
bladder cancer
tumor of the bladder
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in systemic infection, has_material_basis_in Pasteurella multocida, which is transmitted_by animal bite, scratch, or lick. The infection has_symptom joint pain has_symptom fever, has_symptom rigors, has_symptom pneumonia, has_symptom meningeal irritation, and has_symptom tachycardia.
Pasteurella infection
Pasteurella infectious disease
A placenta disease that is characterized by placenta attachment to the uterine wall close to or covering the cervix.
A esophageal cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
cancer of esophagus
cancer of oesophagus
carcinoma OF ESOPHAGUS
carcinoma of esophagus
carcinoma of oesophagus
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella, when humans come in contact with contaminated animals or animal products or ingestion of infected food products. The disease has_symptom fever, has_symptom sweat, has_symptom headache, has_symptom back pain, has_symptom physical weakness, has_symptom joint pain and has_symptom fatigue.
Maltese fever
undulant fever
Bang's disease
Gibraltar fever
Malta fever
Mediterranean fever
A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that is caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae (maggots) feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue.
Infestation by fly larvae
Infestation by maggots
Maggot infestation
A respiratory system disease that is characterized by deprivation of oxygen to a newborn infant that lasts long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain.
Asphyxia - birth
Asphyxia, in liveborn infant
Birth asphyxia
postnatal asphyxia
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a zoonotic infectious disease affecting multiple organs, has_material_basis_in Coxiella burnetii, which is transmitted_by inhalation of air contaminated by barnyard dust containing dried placental material, birth fluids, or excreta of infected herd animals, transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated milk, transmitted_by tick bites and transmitted_by contact with infected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom cough, has_symptom pleuritic chest pain, has_symptom myalgia and has_symptom arthralgia.
Infection due to Coxiella burnetii
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in systemic infection, has_material_basis_in Bartonella quintana, which is transmitted by body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis). The infection has symptom relapsing fever, has symptom headache, has symptom shin pain, and has symptom soreness of the muscles of the legs and back.
His-Werner disease
Quintan fever
Wolhynian fever
shin bone fever
tibialgic fever
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is caused by the bacteria of the genus Bartonella.
Bartonella infectious disease
Rochalimaea infection
bartonelliasis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in infection, located in endothelial cell of artery or located in endothelial cell of vein, has_material_basis_in Rickettsia, which is transmitted by ticks and mites. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom fatigue, has symptom muscle aches, and has symptom maculopapular or petechial rash. A distinctive eschar (blackened or crusted skin) may develop at the site of a tick bite.
Spotted fever group rickettsial disease
A fundus dystrophy that is characterized by discrete uniform white dots over the entire fundus with greatest density in the midperiphery and no macular involvement.
Pigmentary retinal dystrophy
retinitis punctata albescens
A tic disorder that is characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic present for more than a year.
Guinon's disease
Psychogenic tics
Tourette syndrome
motor-verbal tic disorder
A hypersensitivity vasculitis that is characterized by purpura (purplish plaques), arthralgia, gastrointestinal upset, and/or glomerulonephritis, and may be related to increased immune response following an infection.
Allergic purpura
Autoimmune purpura
Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura
Henoch-Sch@nlein purpura
Henoch-Scholein purpura
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Purpura, autoimmune
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm.
connective and soft tissue neoplasm
tumor of soft tissue and skeleton
A miliaria that is characterized by erythematous papules resulting in leakage of sweat into the deeper, subcorneal layers of the epidermis provoking a local inflammatory reaction.
prickly heat
A sweat gland disease that is characterized by reduced ability to sweat, has_symptom hyperthermia and dry skin of affected areas, and has_material_basis_in trauma to the sweat glands.
Hypohidrosis
Oligohidrosis
A hypohidrosis that is characterized by the inability to sweat and has_symptom hyperthermia and dry skin.
Adiaphoresis
absence of sweating
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Bordetella pertussis, or has_material_basis_in Bordetella parapertussis, which produce toxins that paralyze the cilia of the respiratory epithelial cells. The infection is characterized by a prolonged, high-pitched, deeply indrawn breath (whoop).
WC - Whooping cough
bordetella infection
whooping cough
A lung disease characterized by inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system.
acute and chronic respiratory failure
acute respiratory Failure
acute-on-chronic respiratory failure
chronic respiratory failure
respiratory insufficiency/failure
Band-shaped keratopathy
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in human papillomavirus (types 2 and 4). This infection has_symptom raised wart with roughened surface, most common on hands, but can grow anywhere on the body.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin of vagina, cervix, uterus, anus, penis, scrotum, mouth, and throat, has_material_basis_in human papillomaviruses (types 6 and 11), which are transmitted_by direct contact with the skin during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. The infection has_symptom anogenital warts.
Anogenital Human papilloma Virus Infectious Disease
Anogenital warts
Genital warts
genital wart virus infectious disease
venereal wart
Condyloma acuminatum
A otitis media which involves transudation of fluid in the middle ear without pus formation.
Nonsuppurative otitis media
A synostosis that results_in the fusion of two or more digits.
chromosome 2q35 duplication syndrome
symphalangism
symphalangy
webbing of digits
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in a large deletion of the chromosome 22q11.2 region which includes the DGS gene needed for development of the thymus and related glands with subsequent lack of T-cell production.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
DiGeorge sequence
DiGeorge's syndrome
Pharyngeal pouch syndrome
A parathyroid gland disease characterized by decreased function of parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to abnormally low ionized calcium levels in the blood.
Bleeding esophageal varices
Bleeding oesophageal varices
esophageal varices
esophageal varices in disease classified elsewhere, with bleeding
esophageal varices with bleeding
esophageal varices with bleeding in disease EC
esophageal varices without bleeding
esophageal varices without mention of bleeding
A primary immunodeficiency disease that is characterized by decreased numbers of circulating or functioning T cells.
T cell immunodeficiency
T lymphocyte deficiency
T lymphocyte immunodeficiency
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the parathyroid gland.
disease of parathyroid glands
A chronic conjunctivitis that is an inflammation of the conjunctiva involing red, itchy, and watery eyes a resulting from an exposure to an allergen or an irritant.
A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences.
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in conjunctiva, has_material_basis_in Human coxsackievirus A24 or has_material_basis_in Human enterovirus 70, which are transmitted by contaminated fomites or transmitted by contact with contaminated hands. The infection has symptom vascular dilation, has symptom eyelid edema, has symptom photophobia, has symptom redness of the eyes, has symptom watering of the eye, has symptom conjunctival congestion, and has symptom superficial punctate epithelial keratitis.
Apollo disease
Epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
viral conjunctivitis
acute inflammation of orbit
An acute orbital inflammation that is characterized by painful orbital mass and has_symptom eyelid edema, has_symptom erythema, has_symptom chemiosis, has_symptom proptosis, has_symptom blurred vision, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever and has_symptom double vision.
A intestinal cancer that is located_in the appendix.
cancer of the appendix
malignant neoplasm of appendix vermiformis
malignant tumor of appendix
malignant tumor of the appendix
appendix neoplasm
neoplasm of appendix
anaemia neonatal
anemia neonatal
neonatal anaemia
DIC
Defibrination syndrome
Diffuse or disseminated intravascular coagulation
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by easy bleeding due to an inability to form blood clots caused by vitamin K deficiency, occurs most commonly in newborns, and has_material_basis_in deficiency of vitamin K secondary to liver prematurity, lack of vitamin K in a breastmillk diet, largely sterile gut, malabsorption, diarrhea, chronic illness, menorrhagia, chronic kidney disease, and some medications.
deficiency of vitamin K
vitamin K deficiency
vitamin K deficiency hemorrhagic disease
A primary bacterial infectious disease that refers to a group of diseases, located in endothelial cells of the small venous, arterial, and capillary vessels, has_material_basis_in Rickettsia bacteria, which are transmitted by lice, transmitted by fleas, and transmitted by mites.
Endemic Typhus fever
Exanthematic Typhus fever
Flea typhus
Louse-borne [epidemic] typhus
Moscow typhus
Murine [endemic] typhus
Typhus fever
endemic flea-borne typhus
epidemic louse-borne typhus
Classical typhus
Epidemic (louse-borne) typhus
Epidemic louse-borne typhus fever due to Rickettsia prowazekii
European typhus
Exanthematous typhus
Famine fever
Flea-borne rickettsiosis
Flea-borne typhus
Hospital fever
Jail fever
Louse-borne rickettsiosis
Louse-borne typhus
Mexican typhus
Murine typhus
Petechial fever
Prison fever
Rat flea typhus
Ship fever
Typhus exanthematique
Urban typhus
A bartonellosis that results_in infection located_in lymph node, has_material_basis_in Bartonella henselae or has_material_basis_in Bartonella clarridgeiae, which are transmitted_by scratch or bite of a kitten, or transmitted_by contact of animal's saliva with an eye or through broken skin. The infection has_symptom regional lymphadenopathy, has_symptom headache, has_symptom chills, has_symptom backache, and has_symptom abdominal pain.
Debre's Syndrome
Debre-Mollaret Syndrome
Foshay-Mollaret Cat Scratch Fever
benign lymphoreticulosis
cat scratch fever
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in brain or located in spinal cord, has_material_basis_in Rabies virus, which is transmitted by bite of an infected animal, or transmitted by contact of mucous membranes with saliva of an infected animal. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom prickling or itching sensation at the site of bite, has symptom anxiety, has symptom confusion, has symptom agitation, has symptom delirium, has symptom difficulty swallowing, has symptom hydrophobia, and has symptom paralysis.
Lyssa
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in systemic infection, has_material_basis_in Chlamydia psittaci, which is transmitted_by inhaling aerosolized dried droppings or transmitted_by contact with infected birds. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom rash, has_symptom chills, and has_symptom pneumonia.
psittacosis
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in eye, has_material_basis_in Chlamydia trachomatis (A, B, Ba and C serovars), which is transmitted_by contact with eye discharge from the infected person and transmitted_by congenital method. The infection causes eyelid to turn inward which makes eyelashes to scratch the cornea.
active stage trachoma
trachoma dubium
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, located in kidney, has_material_basis_in Hantaan virus, has_material_basis_in Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus has_material_basis_in Seoul virus, or has_material_basis_in Puumala virus, which are carried and transmitted by rodents. The infection has symptom headache, has symptom fever, has symptom muscle pains, has symptom facial flush, has symptom petechiae, has symptom hemorrhagic features, has symptom proteinuria, and has symptom renal failure.
HFRS
Hemorrhagic fever, Russian
Hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis
Puumala virus nephropathy
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Plummer disease
Toxic nodular Goiter
Toxic nodular goiter
Pituitary apoplexy
A hemangioma that is characterized by a configuration of blood vessels that shunts arterial blood directly into veins by bypassing the capillary system.
Arteriovenous hemangioma
Cirsoid aneurysm
Racemose Angioma
Racemose aneurysm
Racemose hemangioma
Pituitary infarction
A schistosomiasis that is a short-term, cutaneous inflammatory response associated with penetration of the skin by cercariae of bird schistosome, Austrobilharzia variglandis. The disease has symptom skin reddening, has symptom skin itching, in the water or immediately after emerging and has symptom itchy, raised papules, occur within hours of infection.
Cutaneous schistosomiasis
Sea bather's eruption
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Kyasanur forest disease virus, which is transmitted by Haemaphysalis spinigera tick bite. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom stiffness of the neck, has symptom severe muscle pain, has symptom cough, has symptom dehydration, and has symptom bleeding problems.
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease characterized by the growth of collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in multiple organs.
Boeck sarcoid
lymphogranulomatosis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that involves the inflammation of mucosa lining the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi that is characterized by the formation of granulomas, dense induration of the tissues and nodular deformity caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, has_material_basis_in Clostridium tetani, which produces tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin, which is carried to the brain and spinal cord, where it binds irreversibly to receptors inhibiting neurotransmission. Damaged upper motor neurons cannot control reflex responses to afferent sensory stimuli.
Infection due to Clostridium tetani
clostridial tetanus
An opportunistic mycosis that is located in lungs, but can also occur in eyes, ears, skin, thyroid, pituitary, palate, parathyroid, esophagus, pleura, heart, liver, spleen, small intestine, adrenals, kidneys, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, has_material_basis_in Pneumocystis jirovecii that effects interstitial and alveolar tissues and has symptom nonproductive cough, has symptom shortness of breath, and has symptom fever.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Pneumocystosis
Pneumocystosis pneumonia
pulmonary pneumocystosis
Gingival recession
Gingival recession, localized
localized gingival recession
minimal gingival recession
moderate gingival recession
severe gingival recession
An eye disease that affects the sclera, which is the white fibrous outer layer of the eyeball.
Diverticulum - bladder
Diverticulum of bladder
A viral infectious disease that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Sandfly fever Naples virus, or has_material_basis_in Sandfly fever sicilian virus, which are transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom severe frontal headaches, has symptom muscle ache, has symptom joint aches, has symptom flushing of the face, and has symptom tachycardia.
Sandfly fever
Sandfly-borne arboviral fever
Sandfly-borne bunyavirus fever
Sandfly-borne phleboviral disease
pappataci fever
Subluxation of lens
APHAKIA, CONGENITAL PRIMARY
Congenital absence of lens
A colonic disease that is characterized by an abnormal dilation of the colon.
Dilatation of colon
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection due to migrating immature worms of Gnathostoma spinigerum or Gnathostoma hispidum, which occurs by eating undercooked fish or poultry containing third-stage larvae, or by drinking water containing infective second-stage larvae in Cyclops. Migration in the subcutaneous tissues causes intermittent, migratory, painful, pruritic swellings (cutaneous larva migrans). Migration to other tissues (visceral larva migrans), result in cough, hematuria, and ocular involvement, with the most serious manifestations eosinophilic meningitis with myeloencephalitis.
Gnathostomiasis
Infectious Disease by Gnathostoma
Spinal Cord meningioma
Spinal meningioma
Cryptorchism
Undescended testicle
Undescended testis
undescended testicles
A language disorder that involves difficulties with verbal and written expression characterized by an ability to use expressive spoken language that is markedly below the appropriate level for the mental age, but with a language comprehension that is within normal limits.
Developmental expressive language disorder
A central nervous system disease that is characterized by a collection of pus (infected material) between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones of the skull or spine and is caused by infection in the area between the bones of the skull or spine, and the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges).
abscess epidural
Cerebral arteritis
A respiratory failure that results from diffuse injury to the endothelium of the lung (as in sepsis, chest trauma, massive blood transfusion, aspiration of the gastric contents, or pneumonia) and is characterized by pulmonary edema with an abnormally high amount of protein in the edematous fluid and by difficult rapid breathing and hypoxemia.
ARDS
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Shock lung
adult RDS
A cardiovascular system disease that involves the heart.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane (a pseudomembrane) on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. A milder form of diphtheria can be restricted to the skin. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, an aerobic Gram-positive bacterium. Diphtheria toxin spreads through the bloodstream and can lead to potentially life-threatening complications that affect other organs of the body, such as the heart and kidneys.
corynebacterium infection
A female reproductive system disease characterized by the growth of fallopian tube-like epithelium outside the fallopian tube.
Divergent Strabismus
Divergent concomitant strabismus
A brain disease that is characterized by pressure on the intracranial tissues by an effusion of blood or cerebrospinal fluid, an abscess, a neoplasm, a depressed fracture of the skull, or edema of the brain.
Pseudotumor cerebri
benign intracran. hypt.
benign intracranial hypertension
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
autonomic nervous system disorder
A bone resorption disease characterized by decreased density of normally mineralized bone which results_in the thinning of bone tissue and decreased mechanical strength.
A physical disorder that is characterized by the presence of more than five fingers per hand or five toes per foot.
postaxial polydactyly
Supernumerary digit
Constrictive pericarditis
A pericardial effusion that results from blood in the pericardial sac.
Haemopericardium
Bernard Horner syndrome
Horner syndrome
cervical sympathetic paralysis
A pericardial effusion in which fluid accumulates in the pericardium (the sac in which the heart is enclosed) and the pericardial spaces fills up faster than the pericardial sac can stretch.
Rose's tamponade
pericardial tamponade
Congenital insufficiency of mitral valve
Mitral valve incompetence
congenital mitral insufficiency
congenital mitral regurgitation
mitral regurgitation
A otitis media which involves inflammation of the middle ear with infected effusion containing pus.
Otitis media with effusion - purulent
Purulent otitis media
hepatic vein thrombosis
Congenital fissure of tongue
Congenital plicated tongue
Fissure of tongue
Fissure of tongue, congenital
Furrowed tongue
Plicated tongue
Tongue, Fissured
geographic tongue and fissured tongue
lingua plicata
scrotal tongue
A heart disease that is caused by high blood pressure.
Stenosis of larynx
recurrent erosion of cornea
recurrent erosion syndrome
A corneal dystrophy characterized by accumulation of focal outgrowths (guttae) and thickening of Descemet's membrane, leading to corneal edema and loss of vision.
FCED
Fuchs' corneal dystrophy
Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy
An arthritis that has_material_basis_in the accumulation of salt crystals located_in joint.
calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease
pseudogout
A somatoform disorder that involves heart disease symptoms without any identifiable physiological abnormatlities.
Cardiovascular malfunction arising from mental factors
Cardiovascular neurosis
Da Costa's syndrome
Krishaber's disease
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Listeria monocytogenes, which is transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food or raw milk or transmitted_by congenital method. Ingestion of Listeria by pregnant women has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom fever, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom back pain, and has_symptom headache. Maternal infection with Listeria can result in chorioamnionitis, premature labor, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth.
Infection by Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria infection
A peripheral nervous system disease that involves an acute loss of function of the lumbar plexus, neurologic elements (nerve roots) of the spinal canal below the termination (conus) of the spinal cord.
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis
Strumous ophthalmia
HSAN III
familial autonomic nervous dysfunction
familial dysautonomia
Scleral ectasia
Baillarger syndrome
gustatory hyperhidrosis
gustatory sweating
Pericardial tumor
malignant neoplasm of pericardium
malignant tumor of Pericardium
A meningitis that has_material_basis_in a fungal infection.
An ovarian dysfunction that is characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, anovulation and excessive body weight.
Multicystic ovaries
PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian disease
Polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Stein-Leventhal synd.
Stein-Leventhal syndrome
polycystic ovary
hyperandrogenization syndrome
Ca penis
Penile Ca
malignant Penile tumor
malignant neoplasm of body of penis
penile neoplasm
necrosis of the pulp
necrotic pulp
pulp necrosis
Penile tumor
neoplasm of penis
Generalized thyroid hormone resistance
Refetoff syndrome
Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
Thyroid hormone responsiveness defect
thyroid hormone resistance
A bullous skin disease characterized by skin lesions and scaring and located_in mucous membranes and located_in skin.
Cicatricial pemphigoid with ocular involvement
Ocular pemphigoid
benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
benign mucous membrane pemphigoid with ocular involvement
ocular pemphigus
An arthritis that involves sudden and rapidly developing attacks of arthritis with a remission period that results_in no joint damage or symptoms.
Hench's syndrome
Hench-Rosenberg syndrome
A color blindness that is characterised by a selective deficiency of blue vision, has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in the OPN1SW gene and is associated with a deficiency or absence of blue-sensitive cone photoreceptor function.
Tritan defect
Tritanopia
D1 Trisomy
trisomy 13
Patau's syndrome
A filariasis that involves parasitic infection caused by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of a blackfly of the genus Simulium. The worms spread throughout the body and, when they die, cause intense itching and a strong immune system response that can destroy nearby tissue. The symptoms include pruritus, dermatitis, blindness, onchocercomata (subcutaneous nodules), and lymphadenopathy.
Infection by Onchocerca volvulus
Onchocerca volvulus infection
volvulosis
familial hyperlipoproteinemia
hyperlipemia
hyperlipidaemia
acute apical periodontitis of pulpal origin
A hepatic vascular disease that is characterized by a blood clot that forms within the hepatic portal vein.
A cardiovascular cancer located_in the heart.
Cardiac tumor
Tumour of heart
malignant Cardiac tumor
malignant neoplasm of heart
A selective immunoglobulin deficiency disease that is caused by a reduction in some types of gamma globulins.
Dysgammaglobulinemia
A peripheral vascular disease that is characterized by narrowing of the arteries as a complication arising from chronic diabetes.
Diabetic vascular disorder
A diabetes mellitus that manifests during pregnancy.
GDM
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus
A glucose metabolism disease that is characterized by blood glucose levels are high, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.
Prediabetes
prediabetic state
A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by hyperglycemia occuring within the first 6 months of life.
diabetes mellitus syndrome in newborn infant
Endogenous hyperlipidaemia
Fredrickson type IV Lipidemia
Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinemia
Fredrickson type IV lipidaemia
VLDL hyperlipoproteinemia
familial hypertriglyceridemia
A muscular dystrophy that is characterized by predominant weakness and atrophy beginning in the feet and/or hands.
Miyoshi muscular dystrophy
distal muscular dystrophy
A myotonic disease that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness affecting the distal skeletal and smooth muscles of lower legs, hands, neck, and face along with myotonia and cataracts and has_material_basis_in the autosomal dominant inheritance of the DMPK gene containing an expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the non-coding region.
Dystrophia myotonica
Steinert disease
congenital myotonic dystrophy
myotonic dystrophy of Steinert
A muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in X-linked mutations in the DMD gene found on the X chromosome. It is characterized by rapidly progressing muscle weakness and muscle atrophy initially involving the lower extremities and eventually affecting the whole body. It affects males whereas females can be carriers. The symptoms start before the age of six and may appear at infancy.
Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne
A muscular dystrophy that is characterized by weakening of the muscles of the hip and shoulders which comprise the limb girdle muscles.
Erb's muscular dystrophy
Leyden-Mbius muscular dystrophy
limb girdle muscular dystrophy
A syndrome that is characterized by slow growth before and after birth, intellectual disability that is usually severe to profound, skeletal abnormalities involving the arms and hands, and distinctive facial features.
Brachmann de Lange syndrome
De Lange syndrome
A muscular dystrophy that chiefly affects muscles used for movement (skeletal) and heart (cardiac) muscle.
EDMD
Landouzy Dejerine muscular dystrophy
Landouzy-Dejerine muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy, Landouzy-Dejerine
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted_by blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) or transmitted_by western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fatigue, and has_symptom skin rash called erythema migrans. If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.
Bannwarth syndrome
Bannworth's syndrome
Lyme borreliosis
Neurological Lyme disease
lyme neuroboInOwlrreliosis
neuroboInOwlrreliosis
ANEMIA HYPOCHROMIC
A lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs, which is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, infection, or blockage.
Bronchospasm
Ocular nystagmus
Searching eye movements
visual deprivation nystagmus
Leucocoria
A refractive error characterized by the optics of the eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina, has_symptom blurred vision.
A pericardium disease that is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity.
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by inadequate dietary protein and calories, which can have profound systemic effects including decreased metabolism, altered tissue distribution, compromised immunity, and impaired growth, and has_material_basis_in dietary deprivation.
Vitreous degeneration
A urinary system cancer that is located_in the ureter.
malignant tumour of ureter
malignant ureteral tumor
A syndrome that is characterized by papulonodular skin lesions containing a proliferation of true macrophages associated with arthritis.
Lipoid dermatoarthritis
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
A refractive error characterized by the inability to see farther objects clearly.
near vision
near-sightedness
short-sightedness
epilepsy, visual
A bone development disease where one or both are inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities.
Congenital equinovarus
Equinovarus deformity of foot
congenital clubfoot
congenital talipes equinovarus
A nephrosis characterized by marked increase in glomerular protein permeability resulting in marked elevation of urine protein levels, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulability.
Coronary Vasospasm
Coronary artery spasm
Posterior tibial neuropathy
Tibial neuropathy
Dementia in Pick's disease
LOBAR ATROPHY OF BRAIN
PICK DISEASE OF BRAIN
Pick disease
Denture sore mouth
A neuropathy that is characterized by damage to a single nerve, which results in loss of movement, sensation, or other function of that nerve.
neoplasm of ureter
ureteral tumor
A female reproductive system cancer that is located_in the vagina.
malignant neoplasm of vagina
malignant tumor of vagina
malignant vaginal tumor
neoplasm of vagina
vagina neoplasm
vaginal tumor
Gastroparalysis
Gastroparesis syndrome
gastric atonia
A dermatophytosis that results_in fungal skin infection located_in groin, located_in perineum, or located_in perianal region, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes and has_symptom itching in groin, thigh skin folds, or anus and results_in_formation_of rash which appears as raised red plaques (platelike areas) and scaly patches with sharply defined borders that may blister and ooze.
Dermatophytosis of Groin and Perianal Area
Dermatophytosis of groin & perianal area
Dhobie itch
A nervous system cancer that is located in the peripheral nervous system.
neoplasm of peripheral nerve
nerve sheath neoplasm
tumor of PNS
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the trachea.
An organ system cancer that arises in the head or neck region. This region includes the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, throat, or larynx.
head and neck neoplasm
head and neck tumours
head/neck neoplasm
tumor of head and neck
CJD
Creutzfeldt Jacob syndrome
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease
Subacute spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible virus dementia
Ischemic peripheral neuropathy
acute esophagitis
A dysostosis that results_in abnormal fusing of adjacent bones.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that involves intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTA, B, E and F) located in neuromuscular junction resulting in descending muscle paralysis, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum A, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum B, has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum E and has_material_basis_in Clostridium botulinum F.
Botulism poisoning
Food poisoning due to Clostridium botulinum
Foodborne botulism
Infection due to clostridium botulinum
Intoxication with Clostridium botulinum toxin
Severe obesity
A chromosomal disease that is characterized by weak muscle tone, feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development. Beginning in childhood, affected individuals develop an insatiable appetite, which leads to chronic overeating and obesity.
Prader Willi syndrome
An intrinsic cardiomyopathy that is characterized by abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the heart without any obvious cause.
familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
An osteosclerosis that results_in numerous bone islands located_in skeleton.
Torsion of testicle
Torsion of testis
testicular Torsion
A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the female genitals. This includes organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva.
female reproductive cancer
malignant Gynecologic tumor
malignant neoplasm of female genital organ
Ischemic optic neuropathy
An adrenal adenoma characterized by the over production of aldosterone.
Conn syndrome
primary aldosteronism
primary hyperaldosteronism
An uveitis that is characterized by inflammation of all layers of the uvea (middle layer) of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Diffuse uveitis
An immune system disease that is an exaggerated immune response to allergens, such as insect venom, dust mites, pollen, pet dander, drugs or some foods.
allergic hypersensitivity disease
hypersensitivity
hypersensitivity reaction type I disease
An opportunistic mycosis that results_in fungal infection and has_material_basis_in Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii.
Busse-Buschke's disease
European cryptococcosis
cryptococcal infection
torula
torulosis
cryptococcus neoformans infection
A pervasive developmental disease that is characterized by normal early growth and development followed by a slowing of development, loss of purposeful use of the hands, distinctive hand movements, slowed brain and head growth, problems with walking, seizures, and intellectual disability.
Rett's disorder
cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia
Trifacial neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia
trifocal neuralgia
A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the vagina.
An optic nerve disease that results_in inflammation located_in optic nerve which may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.
A lung disease that is characterized the accumulation of tiny fragments of calcium phosphate gradually accumulate in the alveoli of the lungs.
An iron metabolism disease that has_material_basis_in an accumulation of hemosiderin, an iron-storage complex, resulting in iron overload.
haemosiderosis
A lung disease that is characterized by abnormal accumulation of surfactant occurs within the alveoli, interfering with gas exchange.
An autoimmune disease that is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmatic autoantibodies (ANCAs) in patient sera, and is located_in lung, located_in kidney, located_in skin resulting from an autoimmune attack by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against small and medium-size blood vessels.
Necrotizing respiratory granulomatosis
Wegener granulomatosis, formerly
A blood coagulation disease that has_material_basis_in Factor VIII deficiency, which results in the formation of fibrin deficient clots which makes coagulation much more prolonged.
Congenital factor VIII disorder
Hemophilia A
Subhemophilia
classic hemophilia A
A mood disorder that involves the presence of a low mood almost daily over a span of at least two years.
dysthymia
A trypanosomiasis that is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect vector, the blood-sucking assassin bugs of the subfamily Triatominae (family Reduviidae), most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus genera. The symptoms include fever, fatigue, body aches, headache, rash, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, swelling of the eyelids and myocarditis.
Chagas' disease
chagas' disease with digestive system involvement
chagas' disease with nervous system involvement
chagas' disease with other organ involvement
American trypanosomiasis
Neuropathic bladder
neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder
neurogenic urinary bladder disorder
Low bladder compliance
hyperactivity of bladder
hypertonic bladder
hypertonicity of bladder
A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in brain, or located in meninges, or located in brain and meninges, has_material_basis_in Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which is transmitted by common house mouse, Mus musculus. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom lack of appetite, has symptom headache, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom malaise, has symptom nausea, and has symptom vomiting.
LCM
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus encephalomyelitis
Lymphocytic meningitis
Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis
peripheral degeneration of retina
Lesion of ulnar nerve
CTS - Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Median nerve entrapment
carpal tunnel median neuropathy
Dyshormonogenic goiter
Dyshormonogenic goitre
dyshormonogenic goitre
A thyroid gland disease that involves an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
goitre
An agammaglobulinemia that is results in insufficient production of antibodies needed to respond to exposure of pathogens and is characterized by low Ig levels with phenotypically normal B cells that can proliferate but do not develop into Ig-producing cells.
CVID
acquired agammaglobulinemia
acquired hypogammaglobulinemia
common variable agammaglobulinemia
sporadic hypogammaglobulinemia
An otitis interna characterized by an abnormal bone growth in the middle ear.
Ca sigmoid colon
malignant tumor of sigmoid colon
Punctate keratitis
Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis
Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis
punctate epithelial keratoconjunctivitis
A viral infectious disease that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Dengue virus [NCBITaxon:12637] with four serotypes (Dengue virus 1, 2, 3 and 4), which are transmitted by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom severe headache, has symptom severe pain behind the eyes, has symptom joint pain, has symptom muscle and bone pain, has symptom rash, and has symptom mild bleeding.
Dengue Fever
breakbone fever
classic dengue
classical dengue
A placenta disease that is characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid sometimes resulting in an embryonic defect through adherence between embryo and amnion.
Oligohydramnios - delivered
antepartum oligohydramnios
delivered oligohydramnios
A dementia that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities.
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Diffuse Lewy body disease
Lewy body disease
Senile dementia of the Lewy body type
A connective tissue disease that is located_in cartilage.
Cartilage disorder
Chondropathy
Hourglass stricture or stenosis of stomach
A liver cirrhosis characterized by chronic and slow progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts.
biliary liver cirrhosis
cholestatic cirrhosis
chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis
lymphoma of the testis
malignant lymphoma of testis
testicular Lymphoma
A blood coagulation disease that has_material_basis_in Factor IX deficiency, which makes coagulation much more prolonged. The disease is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait.
Congenital factor IX deficiency
Congenital factor IX disorder
deficiency, functional factor IX
factor IX deficiency
An eye disease characterized by missing pieces of tissue in structures that form the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid or optic disc.
coloboInOwlma of eye
coloboInOwlma of macula
congenital ocular coloboInOwlma
An iris disease that is characterized by a complete or partial absence of the colored part of the eye.
Aplasia of iris
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, which is transmitted_by Hyalomma ticks. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom high fever, has_symptom back pain, has_symptom joint pain, has_symptom stomach pain, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom red eyes, has_symptom flushed face, has_symptom red throat, has_symptom petechiae (red spots) on the palate, has_symptom jaundice, has_symptom nosebleeds, and has_symptom blood in the feces and urine.
CHF Congo virus
Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever
Crimean hemorrhagic fever
An autoimmune disease that is caused by T helper cell mediated autoimmune attack of melanocytes resulting in inflammation of the inside of the eye, whitening of hair, skin pigment loss, and meningitis.
Harada's disease
Vogt-Koyanagi syndrome
uveomeningoencephalitic syndrome
An autoimmune disease that causes depigmentation of patches of skin resulting from loss of function or death of melanoctyes.
A bilirubin metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase enzymes as a result of the deficient ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile.
Dubin Johnson syndrome
chronic idiopathic jaundice
An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by progressive accumulation of deposits within the layers of the cornea.
granular corneal dystrophy
Dual-role transvestism
Fetishistic transvestism
Transvestic fetishism
cross dresser
Scrotal varices
A disease of mental health that involves a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the gender that person identifies himself or herself as.
A malignant retroperitoneal cancer and sarcoma that is located_in the retroperitoneal space.
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results_in brittle bones and defective connective tissue.
Lobstein's syndrome
Osteopsathyrosis
Vrolik's disease
brittle bone disease
Fragilitas ossium
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis
acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
acute alcoholic hepatitis
acute alcoholic liver disease
A eustachian tube disorder with a wider eustachian tube which allows a larger bolus of bacteria-laden material from the nasopharynx during an infection to enter the middle ear, causing a more fulminant infection.
An autoimmune disease of endocrine system that involves production of excessive amount of thyroid hormones, located_in thyroid gland.
Grave's disease
Graves disease
exophthalmic goiter
Basedow's disease
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease characterized as a vector-borne infectious disease caused by the presence of protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium in the red blood cells, transmitted from an infected to an uninfected individual by the bite of anopheline mosquitoes, and characterized by periodic attacks of chills and fever that coincide with mass destruction of blood cells and the release of toxic substances by the parasite at the end of each reproductive cycle.
induced malaria
A pneumonia involving inflammation of lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles, which become clogged with thick mucus that forms consolidated patches in adjacent lobules. It is caused by bacteria and viruses.
Chest infection - bronchopneumonia
bronchial pneumonia
lobular pneumonia
A motor neuron disease that is a degenerative neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.
Complex partial epileptic seizure
Psychomotor epilepsy
epilepsy, psychomotor
psychomotor epilepsy
An intestinal infectious disease that involves inflammation of the intestines, especially colon, due to chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasitic worms, which results in severe diarrhea with passage of mucus and blood.
Infectious diarrhea
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in epithelium of colon, has_material_basis_in Shigella boydii, has_material_basis_in Shigella dysenteriae, has_material_basis_in Shigella flexneri, or has_material_basis_in Shigella sonnei, which produce toxins that can attack the lining of the large intestine, causing swelling, ulcers on the intestinal wall, and bloody diarrhea. The bacteria are transmitted_by ingestion of food and water contaminated with feces.
Shigella boydii infectious disease
Shigella flexneri infectious disease
Shigella gastroenteritis
Shigella sonnei infectious disease
bacillary dysentery
A kidney disease characterized by a complete or partial resistance of the kidneys to vasopressin (ADH).
vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
Pituitary diabetes insipidus
Vasopressin deficiency
central diabetes insipidus
vasopressin defective diabetes insipidus
An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to gamble, irrespective of the interference the behaviour has on the individual's life.
Compulsive gambling
Pathological gambling
A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells.
An impulse control disorder that involves the repeated impulse to steal for no great gain, when he or she has sufficient money to pay for the item and no need for what is stolen.
Pathological stealing
An impulse control disorder that involves the episodic inability to control violent impulses with a disproportionate degree of aggressiveness.
explosive personality disorder
An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to repeatedly set fires with no obvious motive.
Pathological firesetting
firesetting behavior
A dermatophytosis that results_in fungal infection located_in skin of foot, especially between the toes, has_material_basis_in Trichophyton or has_material_basis_in Epidermophyton and has_symptom fissures, has_symptom scaling, has_symptom maceration, and eroded areas between the toes and on the plantar surface of the foot.
Athlete's foot
Dermatophytosis of foot
ringworm of foot
An eye disease that involves the globe of the eye.
Palsy of conjugate gaze
An anemia that is characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets produced by bone marrow.
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the vulva.
Ca vulva
Vulvar tumor
malignant Vulvar tumor
malignant neoplasm of vulva
malignant tumor of vulva
neoplasm of vulva
vulval cancer
vulval neoplasm
vulvar neoplasm
An anemia that is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Sulfemoglobinemia
Sulfhemoglobinemia
A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by abnormal blood clotting or bleeding.
postpartum coagulation defect
postpartum coagulation defect with delivery
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the intestine, liver and lungs caused by Capillaria species.
Capillaria infection
A facial paralysis resulting from dysfunction in the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
Bell palsy
Bell's (facial) palsy
An urogenital tuberculosis that is located_in epididymis, has_symptom pain and has_symptom scrotal swelling.
Retinal break
Retinal dialysis
Retinal tear
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection located_in intestine in humans, has_material_basis_in Trichuris trichiura, which is transmitted_by ingestion of food contaminated with egg-carrying soil. The infection has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom rectal prolapse and has_symptom growth retardation.
Infection by Trichuris trichura
Trichuriasis infection
Whipworm disease
trichuris trichiura infection
A blood coagulation disease that is a hereditary abnormality which slows the blood clotting process. It arises from a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion.
vascular hemophilia
vascular pseudohemophilia
von Willebrand disease
von Willebrand disorder
von Willebrand's-Jurgens' disease
von Willebrand-Jrgens disease
A trichostrongyloidiasis that involves infection of the small intestine with Trichostrongylus colubriformis or Trichostrongylus axei, which results in abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, headache, fatigue, anemia and eosinophilia.
Infection by Trichostrongylus
Infection by Trichostrongylus species
Trichostrongyliasis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis A virus, which is transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food or water, or transmitted_by direct contact with an infected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice.
Viral hepatitis, type A
Viral hepatitis A
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of animals and humans by nematodes of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea.
A kidney disease that is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure caused by platelet thrombi in the microcirculation of the kidney and other organs.
haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
hemolytic uremic syndrome
Duane's syndrome
Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome
progressive external ophthalmoplegia
chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
An osteoporosis with no known cause that is characterized by pain in the back and extremities, walking difficulties, multiple fractures, and radiological evidence of osteoporosis.
Idiopathic osteoporosis
juvenile osteoporosis
A learning disability involving a math disability can cause such difficulties as learning math concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), difficulty memorizing math facts, difficulty organizing numbers, and understanding how problems are organized on the page.
Mathematics disorder
disorder of arithmetical skills
A glaucoma characterized by glaucomatous optic atrophy secondary to a lens abnormality and has_symptom progressive decreased vision, especially decreased peripheral vision. Phacogenic glaucoma can be caused by cataracts, trauma to the eye, or age-related damage that obstructs aqueous outflow, leading to inappropriately increased intraocular pressure and eventual optic nerve atrophy with associated vision loss.
Neonatal thyrotoxicosis
Obstruction of urethra
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in deletion of the end of the chromosome 5 p arm and that is characterized by intellectual disability, delayed development, small head size, low birth weight, weak muscle tone widely set eyes, low-set ears, a small jaw, a rounded face and a high-pitched cry that sounds like that of a cat.
5p deletion syndrome
5p partial monosomy syndrome
Cri-du-chat syndrome
chromosome 5 short arm deletion syndrome
chromosome 5p deletion syndrome
A chromosomal deletion disease that has_material_basis_in deletion polymorphisms at chromosome location 22q11 and that is characterized by variable developmental problems and schizoid features.
22q11 Deletion Syndrome
Shprintzen syndrome
VCF-Velocardiofacial syndrome
deletion 22q11.2 syndrome
A renal agenesis characterized by the typical physical appearance and associated pulmonary hypoplasia of a newborn as a direct result of kidney failure, oligohydramnios and compression while in the uterus.
Potter sequence
Potter syndrome
pelvic cellulitis
A lymphoid leukemia that occurs when a hematopoietic stem cell undergoes malignant transformation into a primitive, undifferentiated cell with abnormal longevity producing large numbers of white blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream.
Stem cell Leukemia
Stem cell leukaemia
Diaphragmatic - hiatus -hernia
hiatal hernia
acoustic nerve disease
A primary systemic mycosis that results_in systemic fungal infection located_in mucosa, located_in lymph nodes, located_in bone, located_in skin or located_in lungs, has_material_basis_in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
Mucocutaneous-lymphangitic paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
paracoccidioidal mycosis
A primary systemic mycosis that results_in a systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Blastomyces dermatitidis, transmitted_by airborne spores and has_symptom skin lesions, has_symptom lung lesions and has_symptom pleural thickening.
Blastomyces Dermatitidis Infection
Blastomycotic infection
Chicago disease
Gilchrist's disease
Infection by Blastomyces dermatitidis
North American blastomycosis
simultaneous visual perception without fusion
A brain disease that is characterized by damage to neurons of the corticobulbar tract, has_symptom dysarthria, has_symptom dysphagia, has_symptom spasticity located_in tongue, has_symptom abnormal bulbar reflexes, and has_symptom emotional outbursts.
Pseudobulbar palsy
pseudobulbar paralysis
A inner ear infectious disease caused by a viral infection which involves inflammation of the vestibular nerve. It usually results as a complication of an upper respiratory infection. This causes sudden and severe vertigo, nausea and vomiting. Auditory symptoms are usually absent.
Epidemic neurolabyrinthitis
Vestibular neuritis
Vestibular Neurilemmoma
Vestibular schwannoma
A nervous system disease that is characterized by complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except for the ones that control the movements of the eyes.
Locked in syndrome
Locked-in state
A disorder of sexual development that is characterized by enlargement or swelling of male breast tissue resulting from elevated male estrogen levels or imbalanced estrogen and testosterone levels.
A cell type benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells.
leiomyomatous neoplasm
leiomyomatous tumor
A vascular disease characterized by the presence of multiple arteriovenous malformations that lack intervening capillaries and result in direct connections between arteries and veins.
Osler hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease
Rendu-Osler-Weber disease
An acquired metabolic disease that has_material_basis_in the presence of abnormally-high levels of prolactin in the blood.
Chiari-Frommel syndrome
Pregnancy-related A-G syndrome
hyperprolactinaemia
An autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, telangiectases, immune defects, and a predisposition to malignancy and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ATM gene on chromosome 11q22.
Boder-Sedgwick syndrome
Louis Bar syndrome
Friedreich ataxia 1
Friedreich's ataxia
Friedreich's tabes
A vascular disease that is located_in the capillaries.
disease of capillaries
A kidney disease that is characterized by a chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis that progress to terminal renal failure during the second decade (juvenile form) or before the age of 5 years (infantile form) resulting from dysfunction of ciliary proteins (ciliopathy).
medullary cystic disease
medullary cystic kidney
A syndrome characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, dysplastic nails and teeth, and in many patients congenital cardiac defects that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in either EVC or EVC2 on chromosome 4p16.2.
Chondroectodermal dysplasia
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
mesoectodermal dysplasia
A respiratory failure that is characterized by deficiency of the surfactant coating the inner surface of the lungs, by failure of the lungs to expand and contract properly during breathing with resulting collapse, and by the accumulation of a protein-containing film lining the alveoli and their ducts.
HMD - Hyaline membrane disease
Neonatal respiratory Distress syndrome
hyaline membrane disease
pulmonary hyaline membrane disease
pulmonary hypoperfusion syndrome of newborn
respiratory distress syndrome of newborn
telangiectasia
Cerebral atherosclerosis
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in defective cartilage mineralization into bone which results in irregular ossification centers of the located in hip or located in knee. The disease has symptom fatigue, has symptom joint pain.
polyepiphyseal dysplasia
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in upper respiratory tract or located_in lower respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Human respiratory syncytial virus, which is transmitted_by droplet spread of nasal secretions from an infected person while coughing or sneezing, or transmitted_by contaminated fomites. The infection has_symptom runny nose, has_symptom fever, has_symptom cough, has_symptom wheezing, and has_symptom respiratory distress.
respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease
Cementation hyperplasia
Choroidal tumor
choroid neoplasm
malignant tumor of choroid
malignant tumor of the Choroid
neoplasm of choroid
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
A migraine that is characterized by migraine headaches that are not accompanied by an aura.
common migraine
disorder of eye movements
eye movement disorder
A lysosomal storage disease that involves the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the tissues and their excretion in the urine.
A mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase.
MPS VI - Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
Maroteaux - Lamy syndrome
Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
arylsulfatase B deficiency
deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase
A mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme resulting in incomplete breakdown of the heparan sulfate sugar chain.
Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-III
N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase deficiency
Sanfilippo's syndrome
heparan sulfate sulfatase deficiency
naglu deficiency
A mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzymes galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase (Type A) or beta-galactosidase (Type B) needed to break down the keratan sulfate sugar chain.
Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS-IV
deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase
deficiency of chondroitinsulphatase
galactosamine-6-sulfatase deficiency
Osteochondrodystrophy
chondroosteodystrophy
tetraplegia
Thyroid crisis
Thyrotoxic crisis
A female reproductive system disease that is characteried by the descent of one or more of the pelvic structures (bladder, uterus, vagina) from the normal anatomic location toward or through the vaginal opening.
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of skin, eyes, and viscera in humans by the parasitic nematodes Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma duodenale or Ancylostoma caninum. The larvae cause lesions on the skin at the site of penetration. The infection has_symptom intestinal bleeding, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom anemia, has_symptom severe diarrhea and has_symptom malnutrition.
An autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system that causes body's immune system to attack part of the peripheral nervous system.
Infectious neuronitis
Post-infectious polyneuritis
Postinfectious polyneuritis
acute infective polyneuritis
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
acute postinfectious polyneuropathy
An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by symptoms across all three symptom domains (communication, social, restricted repetitive interests and behaviors), delayed language development, and symptom onset prior to age 3 years.
Kanner's syndrome
autism
autistic disorder of childhood onset
childhood autism
infantile autism
A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities.
Huntington disease
Huntington's chorea
A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
disease of subdivision of hemolymphoid system
A Guillain-Barre syndrome that manifests as a descending paralysis. It usually affects the eye muscles first and presents with the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia.
Fisher's syndrome
Miller-Fisher variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome
A central nervous system disease that results in the progressive deterioration of function or structure of neurons.
Neurodegenerative disease
degenerative disease
An autoimmune disease that involves attack of immune cells which destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
Sicca syndrome
Sjogren syndrome
xerodermosteosis
KCS
An autoimmune disease that is characterized by chronic enlargement of the glands of the head and neck, has_symptom lumps of the face and neck, dry eyes, dry mouth, and intermittent fever, and is often associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder, hematologic malignancy, tuberculosis infection, or syphilis infection.
IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis
Mikulicz's disease
Necrotizing sialometaplasia
Mucous retention cyst of salivary gland
Ranula
Salivary Cyst
Salivary gland mucocele
An endocardium disease that is characterized by a thickening of the inmost lining of the heart chambers due to an increase in the amount of supporting connective tissue and elastic fibers.
Elastomyofibrosis
An intrinsic cardiomyopathy that is characterized by an an enlarged heart and damage to the myocardium causing the heart to pump blood inefficiently.
primary dilated cardiomyopathy
Congestive cardiomyopathy
Familial dilated cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic dilation cardiomyopathy
African endomyocardial fibrosis
Becker's disease
Endomyocardial sclerosis
Obscure African cardiomyopathy
obscure African cardiomyopathy
A vulva cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
Vulvar carcinoma
carcinoma of vulva
A synostosis that results_in craniosynostosis and syndactyly.
Apert syndrome
A hematologic cancer located_in the central nervous system.
Leukemia of the CNS
A congenital hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells with a sphere shape, rather than the normal biconcave disk shape.
Congenital spherocytic hemolytic anemia
Minkowski Chauffard syndrome
spherocytic anemia
Leukostasis
A leukopenia that is characterized by a severe lack of of granulocytes with a drop in granulocyte concentration below 200 cells/mm³ of blood.
Granulocytopenic disorder
Granulopenia
granulocytopenia
A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated.
Carotid artery stenosis
Stenosis, carotid artery
Subclavian artery stenosis
subclavian steal phenomenon
subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease
Vertebro-basilar insufficiency
Vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency
Vertebrobasilar artery syndrome
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
EKC
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Retrolental fibroplasia
premature retinopathy
An amnestic disorder that is characterized by temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Borrelia, which is transmitted_by tick or transmitted_by body louse.
A relapsing fever that is characterized by relapsing or recurring episodes of fever, has_material basis_in Borrelia hermsii, has_material basis_in Borrelia parkeri or has_material basis_in Borrelia duttoni, which are transmitted_by soft ticks (Ornithodoros parkeri and Ornithodoros hermsii). The infection has_symptom tachypnea, has_symptom tachycardia, has_symptom hepatosplenomegaly and has_symptom lymphadenopathy.
Relapsing fever, tick-borne
Tick-borne relapsing fever
Fetal circulation
Persistent fetal circulation
Persistent fetal circulation syndrome
Persistent foetal circulation
Persistent foetal circulation syndrome
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins
persistent foetal circulation syndrome
renal rickets
A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior.
A dermatophytosis that results_in fungal infection located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes, which cause separation of the nail plate from the nail bed and has_symptom thickening of subungueal area. Sometimes, white islands are seen on the external nail plates. These gradually coalesce until the entire nail plate is involved.
Dermatophytic onychia
Dermatophytosis of nail
Onychomycosis due to dermatophyte
cellulitis and abscess of buttock
cellulitis and abscess of face
cellulitis and abscess of finger
cellulitis and abscess of finger and toe
cellulitis and abscess of gluteal region
cellulitis and abscess of trunk
cellulitis and abscess of upper arm and forearm
dermatophytic onychomycosis
Tinea unguium
cellulitis and abscess
A dermatomycosis that effects skin and subcutaneous tissue located in foot, located in trunk, located in buttocks, located in eyelids, located in lacrimal glands, located in paranasal sinuses, located in mandible, located in scalp, located in neck, located in perineum, or located in testes and has symptom sinus discharge and results in formation of nodules.
Madura foot
Maduromycosis, mycotic
Mycotic mycetoma
eumycetoma
maduromycosis
Arterial retinal branch occlusion
Retinal Arterial Branch Occlusion
Retinal arterial branch occlusion
Vertebral artery syndrome
A retinal artery occlusion characterized by blockage of blood flow through the central retinal artery.
A cerebral arterial disease characterized by constriction of certain arteries at the base of the brain. Blood flow is blocked by the constriction and also by blood clots.
progressive intracranial arterial occlusion
A bladder benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells.
leiomyoma of the urinary bladder
FGS
FSGS
focal glomerular sclerosis
focal glomerulosclerosis
Anemia due to protein deficiency
Protein-deficiency anaemia
Protein-deficiency anemia
protein-deficiency anaemia
deficiency anemias
A childhood spinal muscular atrophy that is a severe form and is characterized by muscle weakness onset from birth to six months of age, the inability to sit unassisted.
HMN (Hereditary motor Neuropathy) Proximal type I
SMA1
Spinal muscular atrophy 1
hereditary motor neuropathy proximal type I
infantile muscular atrophy
progressive muscular atrophy of infancy
acute glomerulonephritis with lesion of proliferative glomerulonephritis
An uveal disease is characterized by inflammation of any of the layers of the uvea of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Dissociated nystagmus
An arthritis that has_material_basis_in uric acid crystal deposits located_in joint.
Articular gout
Gouty arthropathy
gouty arthritis
A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain.
BT - Brain tumour
adult brain tumor
adult malignant brain neoplasm
brain neoplasm
brain neoplasm, adult
malignant brain tumour
malignant primary brain neoplasm
malignant primary brain tumor
malignant tumor of Brain
malignant tumor of adult brain
neoplasm of brain
primary brain neoplasm
primary brain tumor
primary malignant neoplasm of brain
tumor of the Brain
Retrosternal thyroid goiter
Retrosternal thyroid goitre
Substernal goiter
Substernal goitre
substernal goitre
PDR
Right bundle branch block with left posterior fascicular block
An uterine benign neoplasm derived from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus.
Plexiform leiomyoma
UTERUS FIBROMA
leiomyoma of Corpus Uteri
uterine leiomyoma
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung.
lung neoplasm
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the bronchus.
malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung
malignant neoplasm of bronchus or lung
A gastrointestinal system disease described as the condition of having frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause severe dehydration which is one cause of death in diarrhea sufferers. Along with water, sufferers also lose dangerous amounts of important salts, electrolytes, and other nutrients. There are at least four types of diarrhea: secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, and inflammatory diarrhea.
diarrhea of presumed infectious origin
diarrhoea
diarrhea is both a disease and a symptom [ms]
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a communicable systemic illness, has_material_basis_in Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Typhi, which is transmitted_by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom prostration, has_symptom headache, has_symptom splenomegaly, has_symptom liver enlargement, has_symptom eruption of rose-colored spots, and has_symptom leukopenia.
Typhoid
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves certain enzymes in the heme bio-synthetic pathway resulting in the overproduction and accumulation of the porphyrins.
Hematoporphyria
Porphyrinopathy
disorder of porphyrin and hem metabolism
disorder of porphyrin metabolism
Coproporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency
Hereditary coproporphyria
hereditary coproporphyria porphyria
An acute porphyria characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the tissue.
EPP
Erythropoietic protoporphyria
Protoporphyria
Erythropoietic porphyria
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Rift Valley fever virus, which is transmitted_by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus affects domestic animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels) and humans. The infection has_symptom jaundice, has_symptom vomiting blood, has_symptom passing blood in the feces, has_symptom ecchymoses (caused by bleeding in the skin), has_symptom bleeding from the nose or gums, has_symptom menorrhagia and has_symptom bleeding from venepuncture sites.
A gastrointestinal tuberculosis that involves diffuse mucosal fold thickening, formation of ulcers and fistulae located_in intestine. The infection has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom gastrointestinal bleeding, has_symptom nausea and has_symptom vomiting.
tuberculosis of intestine
An osteochondrosis that results_in abnormal bone growth and curvature located_in thoracic vertebral column.
Juvenile osteochondritis of the spine
Juvenile osteochondrosis of Scheurermann
Juvenile osteochondrosis of spine
Scheuermann's kyphosis
Sherman's Disease
Scheuermann disease
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder that involves low blood glucose resulting from an excess of insulin.
Islet cell hyperplasia
nesidioblastosis
persistent hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia of infancy
A cataract that is characterized by loss of lens transparency secondary to hyperglycemia related to diabetes mellitus.
Cataract - diabetic
A toxoplasmosis that involves a reactivated infection of the mother transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion and stillbirth may occur.
Congenital toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis - congen.
Paedophilia
Chondromalacia of patella
Chondromalacia patellae
softening of articular cartilage of patella
A collagen disease that is characterized by extremely flexible joints, elastic skin, and excessive bruising caused by a heritable defect in collagen synthesis, which leads to marked healing difficulties. EDS has five cardinal signs, which may be present to some degree in all of the subtypes. These five cardinal signs are skin fragility, blood vessel fragility, skin hyperelasticity, joint hypermobility, and characteristic subcutaneous nodules.
Cutis hyperelastica
elastic skin
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM mapping by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
A learning disability involing difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors which affect any part of the reading process.
A movement disease that is of unknown etiology characterized by progressive rigidity.
Stiff-man syndrome
stiff man syndrome
A dermatophytosis that results_in fungal skin infection located_in hand, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes and has_symptom itching, has_symptom burning, has_symptom cracking, and has_symptom scaling.
Dermatophytosis of hand
Tinea manus
A typhus that has_material_basis_in Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by trombiculid mites (Leptotrombidium deliense). The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom cough, has symptom maculopapular rash, has symptom eschar, has symptom splenomegaly and has symptom lymphadenopathy.
Japanese river fever
Kedani fever
Scrub mite-borne typhus
Tsutsugamushi
Tsutsugamushi disease
Chigger-borne rickettsiosis
Chigger-borne typhus
Mite-borne rickettsiosis
Mite-borne typhus
Scrub (mite-borne) typhus
Tropical typhus
Tsutsugamushi fever
Typhus fever due to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
A plasma protein metabolism disease that has_material_basis_in defective production of the protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), leading to decreased A1AT activity in the blood and lungs, and deposition of excessive abnormal A1AT protein in liver cells.
AAT deficiency
A connective tissue disease that is characterized by progressive ossification of skeletal muscle, fascia, tendons, and ligaments and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ACVR1 gene.
Stone Man Syndrome
myositis ossificans progressiva
progressive myositis ossificans
progressive ossifying myositis
A lymphadenitis characterized by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children and inflammation of medium-sized blood vessels located_in body, has_symptom fever, has_symptom congestion of ocular conjunctivae, has_symptom reddening of lips, has_symptom reddening of oral cavity, has_symptom protuberance of tongue papillae and has_symptom edema of extremities.
Kawasaki's disease
MLNS
acute febrile MCLS
acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
A congenital hemolytic anemia characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, and resulting from a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body and a less than normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.
congenital dyshaematopoietic anaemia
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells due to malabsorption of vitamin B12, has_symptom fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, glossitis, ataxia, and/or paresthesia, has_material_basis_in atrophic gastritis, autoimmune disorder affecting the production or function of intrinsic factor, and/or genetic factors.
ANEMIA PERNICIOUS
Addison's anaemia
Biermer's anaemia
Biermer's anemia
pernicious anaemia
A macrocytic anemia that is characterized by inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.
Grasbeck-Imerslund syndrome
Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome
MGA1 Norwegian type
RH-MGA1
megaloblastic anaemia
recessive hereditary megaloblastic anaemia 1
recessive hereditary megaloblastic anemia 1
IGS
A congenital hypoplastic anemia that is characterized by anemia (low red blood cell counts) with decreased erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow and has_material_basis_insufficient levels of red blood cells due to bone marrow dysfunction.
Blackfan - Diamond syndrome
chronic constitutional pure red cell anaemia
A blindness that is characterized by the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions.
BLINDNESS COLOR
Colour blindness
Colour vision deficiency
Pure Red cell Aplasia
Pure red cell aplasia
Red cell hypoplasia
primary red cell aplasia
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis
Cutaneous sarcoid
Cutaneous sarcoidosis
A sarcoidosis that is characterized by conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure with noncaseating granulomas present on endomyocardial biopsy, and develops_from a type IV hypersensitivity reaction with noncaseating granulomas infiltrating the myocardial tissue, especially that of the left ventricle.
Cardiac sarcoidosis
A brain disease that is characterized by loss of brain function, the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma that results when the liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood.
Portal-systemic encephalopathy
congenital aplastic anaemia
congenital aplastic anemia
congenital hypoplastic anaemia
Constitutional aplastic anaemia
Non-Gonococcal Urethritis
Nongonococcal urethritis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in septicemic infection, has_material_basis_in Burkholderia mallei, which is transmitted by contact with tissues or body fluids of infected animals, or through mucosal surfaces such as the eyes and nose. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom chills, has symptom sweating, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom chest pain, has symptom muscle tightness, has symptom headache, has symptom mucopurulent nasal discharge, and has symptom nodular lesions in the lungs.
Farcy pipes
Infection due to Pseudomonas mallei
A primary systemic mycosis that results_in systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Coccidioides immitis, transmitted_by airborne spores and has_symptom conjunctivitis, has_symptom arthritis, has_symptom chest pain and results_in_formation_of skin nodules.
primary extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis
Intrinsic (urethral) sphincter deficiency [ISD]
A balantitis characterized by white plaques or patches on genitals.
Penile Lichen Sclerosus
An osteochondrodysplasia that results_in short arms and legs with excess folds of skin.
A syndrome that is characterized by overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues.
Wiedemann's syndrome
A pervasive developmental disorder that is a rare condition characterized by late onset (greater than 3 years of age) of developmental delays in language, social function, and motor skills where children who have had previously normal development who then appear to regress.
Disintegrative psychosis
Heller's syndrome
Symbiotic psychosis
neoplasm of accessory sinus
tumor of Accessory sinus
A facial nerve disease characterized by congenital, uni- or bilateral, non-progressive facial weakness and limited abduction of the eye(s).
Moebius congenital oculofacial paralysis
Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis spectrum
A syndrome that is characterized by the growth of numerous noncancerous tumors in many parts of the body.
Bourneville's disease
Epiloia
Tuberose sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis syndrome
cerebral sclerosis
disorder of nasal sinus
A tetanus that occurs in newborn babies when the birth cord stump gets dirty through cutting it with an unclean blade or applying substances containing bacteria to it. The infection has symptom stiff body, has symptom muscle spasms, has symptom difficulty in breathing, and has symptom exhaustion.
Tetanus neonatorum
neonatal tetanus
A filariasis that involves parasitic infection of the skin and eyes caused by the nematode Loa loa, which is transmitted through the bite of a deer fly or mango fly. The disease is characterized by episodic angioedema in the arms and legs, and cyst-like enlargements of the connective tissue around the sheaths of muscle tendons. Dead worms may cause chronic abscesses, which may lead to the formation of granulomatous reactions and fibrosis.
An osteosclerosis that has_material_basis_in lack of bone resorption which results_in abnormally hard and brittle bones.
Albers-Schonberg disease
marble bone
A parathyroid gland disease characterized by an overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to an excess of parathyroid hormone in the body.
An open-angle glaucoma characterized by increased intrinsic resistance to aqueous outflow without known secondary causes, an anatomically narrow anterior chamber angle, or elevated intraocular pressure compared to the average population. Normal tension glaucoma has_symptom progressive decreased vision and progressive loss of peripheral vision.
Normal tension glaucoma
A primary angle-closure glaucoma characterized by acute closure of the anterior chamber angle by an intrinsic defect such that aqueous outflow is blocked and the intraocular pressure becomes suddenly inappropriately elevated threatening optic nerve damage and visual field loss; but that typically resolves spontaneously after several hours, even though it may recur. Interval angle-closure glaucoma has_symptom sudden pain, redness, headache, and blurry vision with haloes around lights that resolves spontaneously. Interval angle-closure glaucoma can be caused by exacerbation of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma, typically by a medication or state that dilates the eyes and thus narrows the anterior chamber angle, blocking any aqueous outflow.
Angle-closure glaucoma, subacute
Intermittent angle-closure glaucoma
Prodromal angle closure glaucoma
A glaucoma characterized by closure of the anterior chamber angle such that aqueous outflow is blocked and the intraocular pressure becomes inappropriately elevated leading to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Angle-closure glaucoma has_symptom progressive peripheral vision loss, decreased vision, and pain, redness, and headache in acute cases. Angle closure glaucoma can be caused by anatomically narrow angle, injury to the trabecular meshwork, and injuries to the anterior chamber, such as neovascularization and uveitis.
ACG - Angle-closure glaucoma
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle-closure glaucoma
Closed angle glaucoma
Narrow cleft glaucoma
primary open-angle glaucoma with narrow angles
Drusen of optic disc
optic nerve head drusen
An opportunistic mycosis that involves a spectrum of diseases of humans and animals caused by members of the genus Aspergillus infecting lungs, brain, kidney, heart, bone, eyes, sinuses, skin and gastrointestinal tract. It is a serious illnesses in people with a weakened immune system.
Infection due to Aspergillus
Fetal blood loss from fetal hemorrhage into co-twin
Fetal hemorrhage into co-twin
Twin to twin transfusion
Twin-to-twin blood transfer
A bile duct disease that is characterized by where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.
Obstruction of bile duct
bile occlusion
A pre-eclampsia characterized by the presence of seizures.
Eclampsia in puerperium
Eclampsia, postpartum
Postpartum eclampsia
A cholestasis characterized by blockage of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder.
Atresia of bile duct
Congenital biliary atresia
biliary atresia, congenital
neoplasm of frontal sinus
tumor of the Frontal sinus
Atrial septal defect within oval fossa
Defect, Patent or persistent, ostium secundum
Ostium secundum type atrial septal defect
Persistent ostium secundum
foramen ovale patent
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in intestine, has_material_basis_in Campylobacter jejuni, which is transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food or water or transmitted_by contact with infected people or animals. The infection has_symptom diarrhea or has_symptom dysentery, has_symptom abdominal cramps and pain, and has_symptom fever.
Campylobacteriosis
A glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency characterized by a hemolytic reaction to consumption of broad beans.
A congenital hypoplastic anemia characterized by progressive pancytopenia with bone marrow failure, variable congenital malformations and predisposition to develop hematological or solid tumors. It is a result of a genetic defect in a cluster of proteins responsible for DNA repair.
Fanconi anaemia
Fanconi pancytopenia
Fanconi panmyelopathy
Fanconi's anaemia
Fanconi's anemia
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM mapping by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
A phacogenic glaucoma that is characterized by open-angle glaucoma related to deposition of extracellular fibrillar material in anterior segment structures, which blocks aqueous fluid outflow, raises intraocular pressure, and leads to eventual optic nerve atrophy and visual field loss. Exfoliation syndrome has_symptom progressive decreased vision, especially peripheral vision. Exfoliation syndrome is caused by age-related deposition of fibrillar material in anterior segment structures.
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Synovitis, acne, pustulosis palmaris, hyperostosis, osteomyelitis syndrome
Intrinsic enamel discolouration of fluorosis
Mottled teeth
Mottling of enamel
A senile cataract that is characterized by full white or brunescent opacification of the lens of the eye such that the red reflex is obscured. It is a later stage of senile cataracts and is caused by a multifactorial etiology related to aging.
Total or mature cataract
Total, mature senile cataract
A schistosomiasis that involves parasitic infection of the brain and spinal cord by Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum causing acute or subacute myelopathy, focal central nervous system impairment, seizures and increased intracranial pressure.
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency and has_symptom fatigue, weakness, anemia, petechiae, corkscrew hair, gingivitis, and poor wound healing.
A thiamine deficiency disease that is characterized by being severe and chronic.
An uterine benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in cells reminiscent of proliferative phase endometrial stroma.
Epiphora
Excessive tear production
Watering eye
A lice infestation that involves parasitic infestation by pubic lice Pthirus pubis, which are found in the pubic hair, less commonly in eyebrows, eyelashes, beard, mustache, armpit, perianal area, groin, trunk and scalp. The symptoms include itching in the pubic and groin area. Intense itching leads to scratching which can cause sores and secondary bacterial infection of the skin.
Infestation by Phthirus pubis
Pediculosis Pubis
Pediculus pubis
Phthiriasis pubis
Phthirus pubis
Phthirus/pediculus pubis - pubic lice - crabs
crabs
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the bile ducts of the liver by Clonorchis sinensis. The symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and eosinophilia. In long-standing infections, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma can develop.
Oriental liver fluke disease
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder by Opisthorchis viverrini or Opisthorchis felineus. The symptoms include dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, hepatomegaly, cholangitis, cholecystitis, and chlolangiocarcinoma.
Infection by Opisthorchis
An adrenal cortical hypofunction that is characterized by insufficient steroid hormone production by the adrenal glands.
Addison disease
Addison disease, chronic adrenal insufficiency
HYPOADRENOCORTICISM, FAMILIAL
primary adrenocortical insufficiency
primary hypoadrenalism
A primary immunodeficiency disease that results_in skin squamous cell carcinoma located_in skin, associated with a high risk of carcinoma. It is characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human papillomaviruses of the skin and has_symptom lesions on the body.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a sexually transmitted infection located in skin of the genitals, has_material_basis_in Haemophilus ducreyi, which is transmitted by sexual contact. The infection has symptom painful and soft ulcers.
Ulcus molle, skin
benign joint hypermobility
acute myringitis
A uterine cancer that is located_in tissues lining the uterus.
endometrial Ca
endometrial neoplasm
malignant endometrial neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of endometrium
neoplasm of endometrium
primary malignant neoplasm of endometrium
tumor of Endometrium
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in inflammation, located_in conjunctiva of the eye, has_material_basis_in Chlamydia trachomatis, which is transmitted_by sexual contact. The infection has_symptom swollen conjunctiva and eyelids and has_symptom discharge of pus and mucus.
Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Inclusion blennorrhoea
adult inclusion conjunctivitis
inclusion blenorrhea
Paratrachoma
familial multiple lipoprotein-type hyperlipidemia
hyperbetalipoproteinemia with prebetalipoproteinemia
mixed hyperlipidaemia
type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia
A sweat gland disease that is characterized by dilatation of the follicular infundibulum with hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiosis with perifollicular inflammation leading to hair loss and has_symptom flesh colored papules with hair loss and pruritis, especially of the axilla.
Fox Fordyce disease
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in lymph nodes, has_material_basis_in Chlamydia trachomatis, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, and transmitted_by fomites. The infection has_symptom inguinal lymphadenitis, has_symptom abscesses in the groin area, and has_symptom lymphangitis.
Climatic or tropical bubo
Durand-Nicolas-Favre disease
Lymphogranuloma inguinale
Poradenitis inguinale
Strumous bubo
A sweat gland disease that is characterized by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts.
eccrine miliaria
heat rash
sweat rash
A skin disease located_in the sweat glands.
Patent ductus Botalli
ductus arteriosus, Patent
A hypolipoproteinemia that is characterized by an inablility to fully absorb dietary fats, cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins, has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive disorder of lipid metabolism that has_material_basis_in mutation in the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein that catalyzes the transport of lipids and is required in the secretion of BETA-LIPOPROTEINS.
familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
microsomal triglyceride transfer protein deficiency disease
A primary angle-closure glaucoma characterized by acute closure of the anterior chamber angle by an intrinsic defect such that aqueous outflow is blocked and the intraocular pressure becomes suddenly inappropriately elevated threatening futher optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Acute closed-angle glaucoma has_symptom sudden pain, redness, headache, and blurry vision with haloes around lights. Acute closed-angle glaucoma can be caused by exacerbation of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma, typically by a medication or state that dilates the eyes and thus narrows the anterior chamber angle, blocking any aqueous outflow.
acute angle-closure glaucoma
Multiple cranial nerve palsies
Multiple cranial nerve palsy
Lack or loss of sexual desire
Hypolipoproteinaemia
Lipoprotein deficiencies
familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency
familial high density lipoprotein deficiency
familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia
sinus node infection
A peripheral system disease that is characterized by damage affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, pins-and-needles, and burning pain.
Epidermoid papilloma
A hypolipoproteinemia characterized by permanently low levels of apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol resulting from an impaired ability to absorb and transport fats.
Hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia
LECITHIN:CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
lecithin acyltransferase deficiency
Protan defect
Protanopia
A color blindness that is characterized by a congenital cone color vision disorder, the inability to perceive color and to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance.
ACHM
Monochromatism
An esophagitis characterized by inflammation involving eosinophils located_in esophagus.
Blocked lacrimal canaliculus
Obstruction of lacrimal canaliculus
Obstruction of lacrimal ducts
An eye disease that affects the neural pathway from the optic nerve to the visual cortex, through which light is interpreted as an image.
Facial Palsy
A female reproductive system disease that is characterized by the absence of menstruation.
absence of menstruation
amenia
A schistosomiasis that involves parasitic infection of the urinary tract caused by a digenetic trematode Schistosoma haematobium causing cystitis, ureteritis, fibrosis of the bladder and haematuria, which can progress to bladder cancer.
Schistosoma Hematobium Infection
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma hematobium infectious disease
Schistosomiasis due to schistosoma haematobium
Schistosomiasis of bladder
Vesical schistosomiasis
bladder Schistosomiasis
cystitis with bilharziasis
Schistosoma haematobium infection
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
A leukodystrophy characterized by recurrent subcortical ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment.
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
hereditary multi-infarct dementia
Obstruction of bladder neck or vesicourethral orifice
ulcerative cystitis
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the intestine, urinary tract, skin, liver and spleen caused by multiple species of the trematode fluke of the genus Schistosoma. The symptoms include fever, chills, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malaise, myalgia, liver and spleen enlargement, rash and hematuria.
A senile cataract that is characterized by dense white opacification of the lens and milky fluid in the lens capsule such that the dense nucleus of the lens sinks in the surrounding fluid. It is the late stage of senile cataracts and is caused by a multifactorial etiology related to aging.
hypermature cataract
A disease by infectious agent that is carried out by a parasite which by definition is a pathogen that simultaneously injures and derives sustenance from its host.
Ectoparasitic disease
parasitemia
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutations in the RUNX2 gene which results_in undeveloped or absent located_in clavicle along with delayed closing of fontanels in the located_in skull.
Marie-Sainton Disease
cleidocranial dysostosis
small intestinal Lymphoma
An eye disease that affects the lacrimal apparatus (the lacrimal gland and its related structures) which moisten and drain the eye.
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver
Laennec's cirrhosis
Laennec's cirrhosis, alcoholic
Portal cirrhosis
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells due to lack of folate, has_material_basis in insufficient folic acid in diet, hemolytic anemia, alcoholism, and/or certain medicines.
Folate deficiency anaemia
Folate deficiency anemia
Folate-deficiency anaemia
Folate-deficiency anemia
Folate-deficient megaloblastic anaemia
folic acid deficiency anaemia
A blood protein disease that is characterized by polyneuropathy, oranomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes, especially hyperpigmentation.
An autoimmune disease of endocrine system characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes auto-reactivity against endocrine organs.
Autoimmune polyglandular failure
Lloyd's syndrome
autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode.
A primary systemic mycosis located_in subcutaneous tissues, located_in brain, located_in sinuses, located_in lungs, or located_in peritoneal cavity, has_material_basis_in Exophiala dermatitidis, has_material_basis_in Phialophora, has_material_basis_in Bipolaris hawaiiensis, has_material_basis_in Exserohilum, has_material_basis_in Cladophialophora bantiana, has_material_basis_in Phaeoannellomyces, has_material_basis_in Aureobasidium, has_material_basis_in Cladosporium cladosporoides, has_material_basis_in Alternaria or has_material_basis_in Rhinocladiella mackenziei and results_in_formation_of subcutaneous abscesses arising at the site of minor trauma, and occur in both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals.
Infection by dematiacious fungi
phaehyphomycosis
An angle-closure glaucoma characterized by closure of the anterior chamber angle by an intrinsic defect such that aqueous outflow is blocked and the intraocular pressure becomes inappropriately elevated leading to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Primary angle-closure glaucoma has_symptom progressive peripheral vision loss, decreased vision, and pain, redness, and headache in acute cases. Primary angle closure glaucoma can be caused by anatomically narrow angle, defects in the trabecular meshwork, and iris abnormalities. Primary angle-closure glaucoma has a strong genetic component.
primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis
A malaria that presents as a rare febrile complication of repeated malarial attacks characterized by intravascular haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and kidney failure, resulting from destruction of red blood cells caused by heavy parasitization with Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax.
Black water fever
Blackwater fever
Hemoglobinuric, malaria
Malarial Hemoglobinuria
Nystagmus associated with disorder of the vestibular system
A bone inflammation disease that results_in inflammation located_in epicondyle.
Lateral epicondylitis
andrel epicondylitis
archer's elbow
golfer's elbow
hockey elbow
medial epicondylitis
shooter's elbow
tennis elbow
Cementum caries
Dental caries of root surface
Root caries
A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia conorii subsp conorii, which is transmitted_by dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar (usually single), has_symptom regional adenopathy, has_symptom maculopapular rash on extremities.
African tick typhus
Rickettsia conorii spotted fever
South African tick-bite fever
african tick typhus
kenya tick typhus
marseilles fever
Boutonneuse disease
Conor and Bruch's disease
Kenya fever
Kenyan tick typhus
Mediterranean spotted fever
Mediterranean tick fever
A large intestine cancer that is located_in the anus.
anal cancer
malignant anal tumor
Persistent tuberculum impar
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Streptococcus pyogenes or has_material_basis_in Staphylococcus aureus , which produce toxins that are absorbed systemically and produce the systemic manifestations. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom rash, has_symptom hypotension, has_symptom multiorgan failure, has_symptom desquamation, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom headache, and has_symptom nonfocal neurologic abnormalities.
TSS
Toxic Shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome
toxic shock
A familial hyperlipemia characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent build up of chylomicrons and increased plasma concentration of triglycerides.
Fredrickson type I hyperlipoproteinemia
Fredrickson type I lipaemia
familial LPL deficiency
familial chylomicronemia syndrome
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I
hypercholesterinaemic xanthomatosis
hyperchylomicronemia
mixed hyperglyceridemia
A urinary system disease which consists of the presence of bacteria in urine.
A prolapse of the female genital organ that is characterized by the descent of the bladder causing a bulge in the anterolateral vaginal walls.
A female reproductive system disease that is characterized by an excessively mobile uterus secondary to lacerations of the broad and cardinal ligaments, specific tenderness with movement of the cervix and previous untoward obstetrics events, such as premature maternal voluntary efforts, precipate delivery, and forceps delivery.
Broad ligament laceration syndrome
An ovarian disease that is characterized by irregular or absent ovulation.
An ureteral disease this is characterized by the formation of stoney concentrations in the ureter.
Ureteric calculus
Ureteric stone
calculus of ureter
Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and/or retina
Ornithinemia with gyrate atrophy
gyrate atrophy of the retina
Neurolipocytoma
Hippel Lindau syndrome
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
Congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia
Congenital hypogammaglobulinemia
An agammaglobulinemia that is that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene on the X chromosome resulting in X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1, which is an immunodeficiency characterized by the failure to produce mature B lymphocytes, and associated with a failure of Ig heavy chain rearrangement.
BTK deficiency
Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase deficiency
Bruton's Sex-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Bruton's agammaglobulinaemia
Bruton's type agammaglobulinemia
Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia
Alcohol-related polyneuropathy
Alcoholic polyneuropathy
A connective tissue disease characterized by restriction of both active and passive range of motion located_in the scapulohumeral joint and has_symptom pain and has_symptom restricted range of motion.
Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder
adhesions-capsulitis,shoulder
adult onset dermatomyositis
A syndrome characterized by disruption of mineralization of bones and teeth that has_material_basis_in mutation in ALPL on chromosome 1p36.12.
childhood hypophosphatasia
deficiency of alkaline phosphatase
hypophospatasia, childhood
A purine-pyrimidine metabolic disorder that is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which there is absent or significantly decreased activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of uracil and thymine.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency
Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase deficiency
familial pyrimidinaemia
thymine-uracilurea
A renal tubular transport disease characterized by excess levels of acid in the blood, due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine.
An abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, essential hypertension, abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 1
dysmetabolic syndrome X
metabolic syndrome X
A connective tissue disease characterized by bluish-brown discoloration of connective tissues that develops from the deposition of homogentisic acid and subsequent oxidation and polymerization reactions.
A frontal sinusitis which lasts for less than 4 weeks.
A male infertility disease characterized by the absence of any measurable level of sperm in semen.
spermatogenic failure
A male fertility issue defined as a low sperm concentration in the ejaculate.
A scleral disease that is characterized by a painless severe necrotizing scleritis where the sclera is white, avascular, and thin. The choroid can become exposed leading to infarction and necrosis of related areas; the sclera can also thin such that the dark uvea protrudes through the front of the eye, forming a staphyloma which has_symptom loss of vision and appearance of a dark bulge. Scleromalacia perforans is usually caused by a rare complication of autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis.
A suppurative otitis media which is persistent and long-lasting.
chronic suppurative otitis media
A chromosomal disease that is characterized by flat-looking facial features and weak muscle tone (hypotonia) in infancy and is caused by trisomy of all or a critical portion of chromosome 21 and is associated with intellectual disability.
Complete trisomy 21 syndrome
Down's syndrome
Down's syndrome - trisomy 21
Downs syndrome
G Trisomy
trisomy 21 syndrome
Vitreoretinal dystrophies
A rheumatoid arthritis that is characterized by high fevers, rash, sore throat and joint pain.
adult onset Still's disease
adult-onset Still disease
A urinary system disease that is located_in the ureter.
A syndrome that is characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, macroorchidism, and distinct facial features, including long face, large ears, and prominent jaw, and has_material_basis_in X-linked inheritance and a loss of FMR1 function.
FRAGILE X MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
MARKER X SYNDROME
MARTIN-BELL SYNDROME
A neonatal period electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in newborns occurring within the first seven days of life and ceasing within the first 15 weeks of life and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of voltage-gated potassium channels or a chromosomal inversion.
benign familial neonatal seizures
benign neonatal convulsions
A pulmonary valve disease that occurs when the pulmonary valve is not strong enough to prevent backflow into the right ventricle. If it is secondary to pulmonary hypertension it is referred to as a Graham Steell murmur.
Pulmonic insufficiency
Pulmonic valve regurgitation
pulmonary incompetence
pulmonary incompetence, non-rheumatic
pulmonary insufficiency following trauma and surgery
pulmonary regurg.
pulmonary regurgitation
fibrosing cholangitis
Ascending Cholangitis
Ascending cholangitis
Pachydermoperiostosis of nail
Pachydermoperiostosis syndrome
A tricuspid valve disease that is a congenital heart defect in which the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
Ebstein's anomaly
Ebstein's anomaly of common atrioventricular valve
Ebstein's anomaly of right atrioventricular valve
Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve
A RASopathy that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of brown skin spots called lentigines that are similar to freckles, heart defects, widely spaced eyes a sunken chest or protruding chest and short stature.
Capute-Rimoin-Konigsmark-Esterly-Richardson syndrome
Generalized lentiginosis
Gorlin syndrome II
Lentiginosis profusa syndrome
Moynahan syndrome
Multiple lentigines syndrome
Progressive cardiomyopathic lentiginosis
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
A pleural empyema which involves presence of pus in the pleural cavity and calcified visceral pleura. It results from a large number of mycobacteria spilling into the pleural space, usually from rupture of a cavity or an adjacent paranchymal focus via a bronchopleural fistula.
Tuberculous empyema
An eye disease characterized by a lack or loss of vision.
vision impairment
vision loss
visual impairment
An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation.
A connective tissue disease that is characterized by tall stature, elongated extremities, mitral valve prolapse, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, and subluxation of the lens.
Marfan's syndrome
A malaria that involves infection with more than one species of Plasmodium at the same time.
Malaria fever by more than one parasite
malaria by more than one parasite
A synucleinopathy that has_material_basis_in degeneration of the central nervous system that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions.
Parkinson disease
paralysis agitans
Infectious thyroiditis
Suppurative thyroiditis
acute suppurative thyroiditis
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves defective proteins called carnitine transporters, which bring carnitine into cells and prevent its escape from the body preventing the body cannot utilize fats for energy.
carnitine transporter deficiency
carnitine uptake defect
deficiency of plasma-membrane carnitine transporter
primary carnitine deficiency
renal carnitine transport defect
systemic primary carnitine deficiency disease
A scabies that involves infestation of human itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis in immunocompromised and elderly persons, which is characterized by vesicles and formation of thick crusts over the skin, accompanied by abundant mites but only slight itching.
Crusted scabies
Pus cells in urine
An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by slow degeneration of the hindbrain and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) in the ATXN3 gene.
Azorean disease
MJD
SCA3
spinocerebellar ataxia 3
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Capillary leak syndrome
A cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance.
spinocerebellar ataxia
An osteochondrosis that results_in death and fracture located_in hip joint.
Calve - Perthes' disease
Coxa plana
Juvenile osteochond-hip/pelvis
Juvenile osteochondrosis of hip and/or pelvis
Perthe's disease
Perthes disease
Pseudocoxalgia
juvenile osteochondrosis of hip and pelvis
osteochondrosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes
pseudocoxalgia
Legg-Calve-Perthes symptom
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection by the larvae of the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, which are transmitted to humans by drinking water containing copepods infected with the larvae. The female, which contains larvae, burrows into the deeper connective tissues or adjacent to long bones or joints of the extremities. The worm emerges as a whitish filament in the center of a painful ulcer, accompanied by inflammation and frequently by secondary bacterial infection.
Dracontiasis
Infection by Dracunculus medinensis
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
A brain disease that is characterized by loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons and loss of brain tissue.
Brain degeneration
A physical urticaria induced by sweating.
A deep keratitis that is characterized by inflammation of the anterior sclera and subsequent inflammation of the adjacent cornea with opacification of the corneal stroma and has_symptom pain, red eyes, photophobia, tearing, and blurry vision. Sclerosing keratitis is caused by severe anterior scleritis that causes inflammation and injury to the adjacent corneal layer. Anterior scleritis can be caused by autoimmune diseases, connective tissue diseases, and infection.
Sclerokeratitis
A disorder of sexual development that is characterized by a progressive loss of germ cells on the developing gonads of an embryo.
Gonadal dysgenesis syndrome
A gonadal dysgenesis that is characterized by progressive loss of primordial cells on the developing glands of an embryo, leading to extremely hypoplastic and dysfuctioning gonads resulting in one differentiated gonad and either a streak gonad or streak testis.
familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Periodic paralysis I
Westphal disease
familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis
familial periodic paralysis
periodic hypokalemic paralysis
An extrinsic allergic alveolitis which is induced by the inhalation of spores (Aspergillus sp and thermophilic actinomycetes) in dust from moldy hay or straw. It is characterized by sudden onset, fever, cough, expectoration, and breathlessness.
Farmers lung
farmer lung
A nervous system disease that is characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered consciousness and is associated with administration of antipsychotic and other central dopaminergic blockers.
A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in lung, has_material_basis_in Sin Nombre virus, transmitted by deer mouse (Myodes glareolus), has_material_basis_in Black Creek Canal virus, transmitted by cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), has_material_basis_in Bayou virus, transmitted by marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), has_material_basis_in Laguna Negra virus, transmitted by small vesper mouse (Calomys laucha), or has_material_basis_in Andes virus, transmitted by rice rat (Oligoryzomys longicaudatus). The infection has _ymptom fever, has_symptom muscle pain, has_symptom headache, has_symptom cough, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom chills which rapidly progress to bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates occurrence, pulmonary edema and hypoxia often resulting in death from shock or cardiac complications.
A vesiculobullous skin disease that is characterized by erythematous papules, vesicles, and plaques around the trunk and extremities that develop during pregnancy, particularly during the second and third trimesters, has_symptom pruritis, and has_material_basis_in autoantibodies to the basement membrane, which triggers a complement cascade and attracts eosinophils to the subepidermis.
Gestational herpes
herpes gestationis
A primary systemic mycosis that results_in a systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Sporothrix schenckii in animals and humans and results_in_formation_of red papule at the site of inoculation.
Dumping (jejunal) syndrome
Jejunal syndrome
Acid esterase deficiency
Acid lipase deficiency
Wolman xanthomatosis
Wolman's disease
Wolman's or triglyceride storage type III disease
Xanthomatosis, familial
Lipid proteinosis
Lipoid proteinosis
URBACH-WIETHE DISEASE
A sphingolipidosis that is characterized by the buildup of globotriaosylceramide in the body's cells and has_material_basis_in X-linked inherited mutations in the GLA gene, encoding alpha-galactosidase A, on chromosome Xq22.
Alpha-galactosidase A deficiency
Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum
Fabry's disease
alpha galactosidase deficiency
deficiency of melibiase
A-fucosidase deficiency
alpha fucosidase deficiency
hereditary ceroid lipofuscinosis
A sphingoliidosis characterized by the accumulation of the lipid sphingomyelin in lysosomes in cells.
Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Disease
lipoid histiocytosis
sphingomyelin lipidosis
A chromosomal deletion syndrome that is a nephroblastoma that results_in a rare genetic syndrome in which affected children are predisposed to develop Wilms tumor, Aniridia (absence of the colored part of the eye, the iris), genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation. The condition results from a deletion on chromosome 11 resulting in the loss of several genes. As such, it is one of the best studied examples of a condition caused by loss of neighbouring (contiguous) genes.
11p partial monosomy syndrome
Wilms tumor-Aniridia-Genitourinary Anomalies-Mental Retardation syndrome
chromosome 11p13 deletion syndrome
A syndrome characterized by acute brain damage and liver function problems. It has been associated with aspirin consumption by children with viral illness, although it also occurs in the absence of aspirin use.
Reye's syndrome
A chronic pulmonary heart disease characterized by an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, among others, has symptoms shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, leg swelling.
A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division.
cell process disease
neoplasm
A thyroid gland disease which involves an underproduction of thyroid hormone.
Thyroid deficiency
Thyroid insufficiency
A dysostosis that results_in shortening of interphalangeal joints located_in hand or located_in foot along with mental deficiency.
An intestinal disease characterized by the presence of numerous atresic segments in the small and large intestines that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in TTC7A on chromosome 2p21.
GIDID
Multiple gastrointestinal atresias
familial intestinal polyatresia syndrome
gastrointestinal defects and immunodeficiency syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the presence of at least three of the following: vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities.
VATER syndrome
An otitis interna which involves inflammation of the labyrinths.
A physical disorder that is characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, poor postnatal growth, craniofacial features such as a triangular shaped face and a broad forehead, body asymmetry, and a variety of minor malformations.
Silver Russell Dwarfism
An eye disease characterized by abnormalities of the front part of the eye, the anterior segment.
Anomaly, Rieger's
Axenfeld syndrome
RGS - Rieger syndrome
Rieger's anomaly
Hagedoom syndrome
An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in abnormal cartilage development due to mutations in the SLC26A2 gene which results_in short limb dwarfism.
Rutledge lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome
Smith-Opitz-Inborn syndrome
Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Clouston's syndrome
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
ectodermal dysplasia 2, Clouston type
hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
A syndrome that involves abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with mental retardation, hearing loss and growth failure. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
JBS
A galactosemia that involves an accumulation of galactose and galactitol secondary to the decreased conversion of galactose to galactose-1-phosphate by galactokinase.
Galactosemia II
A chromosomal deletion syndrome that is characterized by absence of the radius bone and platelet deficiency and bilateral absence of the radii with the presence of both thumbs and generally transient thrombocytopenia (less than 50 platelets/nL) and that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygosity for a rare null mutation involving the RBM8A gene on chromosome 1q12 on 1 allele and 1 of 2 low-frequency noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in RBM8A on the other.
Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome
Thrombocytopenia with absent radii (TAR) syndrome
chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome
An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
recurrent major depression
single major depressive episode
An organic acidemia that involes a nonfunctional propionyl CoA carboxylase affecting conversion of aminio acids and fats into sugar for energy.
GLYCINEMIA, KETOTIC
KETOTIC HYPERGLYCINEMIA
ketotic II glycinemia
ketotic glycinemia
propionic aciduria
propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency
A syndrome characterized by branchial arch anomalies (branchial fistulas, clefts, or cysts), hearing impairment, structural defects of the outer, middle, and inner ear, and renal abnormalities.
Branchio-Oto-renal syndrome
Branchio-otorenal dysplasia
Melnick-Fraser syndrome
branchiootorenal dysplasia
A syndrome characterized by retardation, hyperactivity, hypotonia, broad thumbs, big first toes and a characteristic facial appearance including macrocephaly and has an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern.
Keller syndrome
Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome
A myopathy characterized by abnormally located nuclei in skeletal muscle cells. The nuclei are located in the center of the cell, instead of their normal location at the periphery.
myotubular myopathy
An amino acid metabolic disorder characterized by inability to process isoleucine and ketones, has_symptom recurrent ketoacidotic attacks in infancy marked by vomitting, lethargy, dehydration, and seizures, and has_material_basis_in mutation in the ACAT1 gene of chromosome 11q22.3 responsible for producing the ACAT1 enzyme in mitochondria, which processes isoleucine and ketones.
2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyricacidemia
3-ketothiolase deficiency
3-oxothiolase deficiency
Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase deficiency
alpha-methylacetoaceticaciduria
peroxisomal thiolase deficiency
A microcephaly that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in an autosomal gene.
A syndrome that is characterized by prenatal and postnatal overgrowth, accelerated osseous maturation, characteristic craniofacial appearance, and developmental delay and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the EZH2 gene on chromosome 7q36.
WEAVER-LIKE SYNDROME
Weaver-Williams syndrome
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the EFNB1 gene on chromosome Xq13 and is characterized in hemizygous males by hypertelorism and with greater severity in females by frontonasal dysplasia, craniofacial asymmetry, craniosynostosis, bifid nasal tip, grooved nails, wiry hair, and abnormalities of the thoracic skeleton.
CFND
CFNS
craniofrontonasal dysostosis
craniofrontonasal dysplasia
A periodontitis that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as dental plaque and dental calculus resulting in inflammation and a loss of periodontium.
juvenile periodontitis
A syndrome that is characterized by short stature, sparse hair, a bulbous nasal tip and cone-shaped epiphyses (the growing ends of bones), as well as severe generalized shortening of all finger and toe bones (brachydactyly).
trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1
type I trichorhinophalangeal syndrome
Trichorhinophalangeal dysplasia type I
A syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, focal dystonia of the hands and dysarthria.
X-linked Russell-Silver syndrome
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
A syndrome that occurs rarely and is characterized by excessive physical growth during the first 2 to 3 years of life.
cerebral gigantism
An organic acidemia that involves an accumulation of methylmalonic acid in the blood.
methylmalonic aciduria
A benign vascular tumor that is composed of dilated lymphatic channels.
Congenital lymphangioma
benign lymphangioma
An organic acidemia that disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.
Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
isovaleric acid CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
isovaleric aciduria
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid (ASA) in the blood and urine.
Argininosuccinate lyase deficiency
argininosuccinic acidemia
arginosuccinase deficiency
deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase
A synostosis characterized by the fusion of carpal and tarsal bones, which causes stiffness and immobility of the hands and the feet.
Multiple synostosis syndrome
SYNOSTOSES, TARSAL, CARPAL AND DIGITAL
Asyndrome that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of large-joint dislocations and characteristic craniofacial abnormalities.
dominant larsen syndrome
A renal disease that is characterized by the failure of one or both kidneys to develop.
hereditary renal aplasia
hereditary urogenital adysplasia
renal adysplasia
renal aplasia
An ectodermal dysplasia characterized by short-limbed short stature and fine, sparse hair that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in RMRP on chromosome 9p13.3.
CHH
McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type
A syndrome characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus with (type I) or without (premature ovarian failure) that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or rarely homozygous mutation in FOXL2 on chromosome 3q22.3.
Blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome
blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by short stature, moderate to severe degrees of mental retardation, developmental abnormalities of the limbs, bones of the spine (vertebrae), extremities, and/or underdevelopment of the bones of the skeleton.
Late Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
A retinal disease that is characterized by nystagmus, sluggish or no pupillary responses, and severe vision loss or blindness.
LCA
Leber's amaurosis
Leber's congenital amaurosis
Leber's disease
An ectodermal dysplasia that is characterized by malformation of ectodermal (skin, hair, teeth and sweat glands) structures including hypotrichosis (sparseness of scalp and body hair), hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat), and hypodontia (congenital absence of teeth).
Christ-Siemens-Touraine Syndrome
Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhydrotic
Hypohidrotic X-linked ectodermal dysplasia
anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 3
A syndrome that is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation and a characteristic facial appearance including but not limited to narrow or triangular shaped head, micrognathia, ptosis, a broad, wide-tipped nose, and wide-set eyes with drooping eyelids.
Dubowitz's syndrome
A periodontal disease that is located_in the gums.
A syndrome that is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many organs.
mucoviscidosis
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of humans and domestic animals caused by the larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus in the liver, lungs, spleen, brain, heart and kidneys.
Echinococcosis of liver
echinococcal disease
hepatic echinococcosis
hydatid disease
hydatidosis
liver echinococcus
pulmonary echinococcosis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is described as an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, leg cramps, circulatory collapse and shock.
Cholera
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae
Cholera due to Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in reproductive system organs.
genital system disease
A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture.
An opportunistic mycosis that involves fungal infection of the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, heart and brain by Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Systemic Candida infections are usually confined to severely immunocompromised persons.
Disseminated candidiasis
systemic candidiasis
A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction.
anxious personality disorder
A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work.
character disorder
An intestinal disease located_in the cecum.
disorder of cecum
A cecum cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
Caecum carcinoma
Cecal cancer
carcinoma of cecum
A large intestine cancer that is located_in the cecum.
malignant neoplasm of caecum
malignant tumor of the cecum
A skin disease that is characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism.
disorder of pleura
non-neoplastic pleural disease
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from two germinal layers of tissue.
malignant mixed cancer
malignant mixed neoplasm
mixed tumor
mixed tumor, malignant
malignant mixed tumor
mixed neoplasm
An endocrine gland cancer located_in the parathyroid glands located in the neck.
Parathyroid gland neoplasm
carcinoma of Parathyroid gland
malignant neoplasm of parathyroid gland
malignant neoplasm of the Parathyroid
malignant tumor of parathyroid gland
neoplasm of parathyroid gland
parathyroid gland cancer
parathyroid neoplasm
parathyroid gland adenocarcinoma
A skin disease characterized by skin rash notable for pale red, raised and itchy bumps, located_in the upper dermis.
A hypersensitivity reaction disease that is characterized by the accumulation of antigen-antibody immune complexes, causing an inflammatory response and injury.
immune complex disease
hypersensitivity reaction type III disease
A skin disease characterized by the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues.
Angioneurotic oedema
Quincke's edema
angioneurotic edema
giant urticaria
A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving.
cognitive disease
Organic Mental disorder
A subcutaneous mycosis that is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection, which presents as nodular or verrucoid, ulcerated, or crusted skin lesions on exposed areas of skin caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compacta, Cladophialophora carrionii or Phialophora verrucosa. Histological examination reveals muriform cells (with perpendicular septations) or thick walled, dark-colored, rounded forms (copper pennies) that are characteristic of this infection.
Chromomycosis
Mossy foot disease
A cutaneous mycosis that results in fungal infection located in skin or of its appendages, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi other than the dermatophytes.
A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body.
mycosis
mycoses
Ectropion of eyelid
Everted margin
Low pressure hydrocephalus
A musculoskeletal system disease that involves inflammation or pain in the muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue.
A disease of anatomical entity that located_in the respiratory system which extends from the nasal sinuses to the diaphragm.
A pulmonary tuberculosis causing granulomatous leisons in the larynx resulting from an inflammation caused by mycobacteria leading to hoarseness, dysphagia and odynophagia.
A lung disease that involves a vasoocclusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature seen in patients with sickle cell anemia. The crisis is initiated by a lung infection, and the resulting inflammation and loss of oxygen tension leads to sickling of red cells and further vasoocclusion. The disease has_symptom fever, has_symptom pleuritic chest pain, has_symptom tachypnea, has_symptom cough, has_symptom hypoxemia, has_symptom marked leukocytosis, and has_symptom diffuse infiltrates on chest radiograph.
acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease
A connective tissue disease that develops from an antecedent Group A Streptococcal pharyngeal infection and has_symptom carditis, has_symptom polyarthritis, has_symptom chorea, has_symptom erythema marginatum, has_symptom subcutaneous nodules, has_symptom arthralgia, has_symptom prolonged PR interval, and/or has_symptom fever.
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
RhF - Rheumatic fever
Auto-immune thrombocytopenia
Immune thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia Due to Immune Destruction
thrombocytopenia due to platelet alloimmunization
A blood platelet disease that is characterized by low a platelet count in the blood.
A mental depression that is characterized by a dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system and not of the monaminergic system.
clinical depression
unipolar depression
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the integumentary system comprising the skin and its appendages.
Adenitis
Inflammation of lymph node
acute adenitis
acute lymphadenitis
chronic Lymphadenitis
chronic adenitis
A brain disease that is characterized by coma or unconsciousness, develops from a prolonged insufficient supply of glucose to the brain, has_symptom decreased cognition, has_symptom aberrant behavior, has_symptom seizure, and has_symptom coma.
A skin disease characterized_by growth of keratin on the skin or mucous membranes.
A thoracic cancer that originates in the mammary gland.
breast tumor
malignant neoplasm of breast
malignant tumor of the breast
mammary cancer
mammary tumor
primary breast cancer
mammary neoplasm
A breast benign neoplasm comprised of fibrous and glandoular tissues located_in breast.
Complex Fibroadenoma of breast
Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenoma of breast
Juvenile fibroadenoma
cellular Fibroadenoma
fibroadenoma
juvenile fibroadenoma of breast
A disease of cellular proliferation that is malignant and primary, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, local cell invasion and metastasis.
malignant neoplasm
malignant tumor
primary cancer
A breast benign neoplasm that is has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures.
Ademoma - breast
ductal papilloma
A breast myoepithelial neoplasm that affects the breast and is characterized by biphasic proliferation of both epithelial and myoepithelial cells.
breast Adenomyoepithelioma with malignant Change
malignant adenomyoepithelioma of breast
adenomyoepithelioma of the breast
A heart septal defect characterized by an opening in the interventricular septum, causing a shunt between ventricles.
Interventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal abnormality
A brain cancer that is located in the supratentorial region.
Brain neoplasm, Supratentorial
malignant Supratentorial tumor
Infantile Melanotic neuroectodermal neoplasm
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
Pigmented neuroectodermal tumour of infancy
melanotic neuroectodermal tumour
A pineal gland neoplasm located_in the brain.
Pineal PNET
A pleural disease that is characterized as an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall.
A bladder disease that is characterized by inflammation of the bladder.
Cardiac septal defects
Congenital septal defect of heart
Septal defect
septal defect
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital anomaly of heart
Heart Malformation
congenital heart defect
heart defect
Heart-congenital defect
An eye disease that is characterized by an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function.
A glaucoma characterized by narrowing of the anterior chamber angle secondary to neovascularization along the iris and iridocorneal angle such that the aqueous fluid outflow is blocked and intraocular pressure becomes inappropriately elevated leading to optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Neovascular glaucoma has_symptom progressive peripheral vision loss, decreased vision, and pain, redness, and headache in acute cases. Neovascular glaucoma can be related to abnormal angiogenesis with ischemic retinal diseases, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, intraocular malignancy, and autoinmmune diseases.
secondary angle-closure glaucoma with rubeosis
An endocrine gland cancer that has_material_basis_in neuroendocrine cells.
neuroendocrine neoplasm
A skin disease characterized by drying and scaling of skin with the accumulation of thick scales and cracks that may be painful or bleed.
ichthyoses
non-syndromic ichthyosis
A disease of anatomical entity that occurs in the muscular and/or skeletal system.
An organ system cancer located_in endocrine system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the hormone producing glands of the endocrine system.
Endocrine tumor
endocrine neoplasm
malignant Endocrine tumor
malignant neoplasm of endocrine gland
malignant tumour of endocrine gland
neoplasm of endocrine gland
neoplasm of endocrine system
An ichthyosis that is characterized by a build-up of scales on the skin, typically on the back of the neck and trunk resulting from skin cells that do not properly separate from the outermost surface of the skin, and has_material_basis_in X-linked recessive mutation or deletion of the STS gene on chromosome Xp22.
X-linked ichthyosis with steryl-sulphatase deficiency
X-linked placental steryl-sulphatase deficiency
X-linked recessive ichthyosis
A lipid metabolism disorder that involves defects in steroid metabolism.
An ichthyosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the filaggrin gene on chromosome 1q21 and is characterized by dead skin cells accumulate in thick, dry scales on your skin's surface.
Dominant congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
primitive Neuroectodermal neoplasm
An aortic valve disease that is characterized by narrowing of the heart's aortic valve opening.
Aortic stenosis
Rheumatic aortic stenosis
rheumatic aortic valve stenosis
Clear cell acanthoma
Pale (Clear cell) acanthoma
Curling Ulcer
Curling's ulcers
Stress Ulcer
Adding UMLS CUI for Curling Ulcer C0013295.
An organ system cancer that is located in the peritoneum.
cancer of peritoneum
peritoneal neoplasm
Occlusion, of retinal vein
Retinal vein occlusion
Retinal vasc. occlusion
Eccrine tumor
eccrine skin neoplasm
A primary systemic mycosis that results in systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum or has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii, transmitted_by airborne spores and has_symptom nonproductive cough, has_symptom headache, has_symptom loss of appetite and has_symptom muscle pains.
A coccidiosis that involves a parasitic protozoan infection of the intestine of humans and a wide range of animals caused by Cryptosporidium species, through contaminated water and food, The symptoms include watery diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting. Cryptosporidium infections have also been found in other digestive tract organs, the lungs, and conjunctiva. Immunocompromised persons are at greater risk of developing the infection.
Cryptosporidial gastroenteritis
Infection by Cryptosporidium
intestinal cryptosporidiosis
Drug-induced psychosis
Drug-induced psychotic disorder
A carcinoma that derives_from squamous epithelial cells.
epidermoid carcinoma
malignant squamous cell tumor
squamous carcinoma
squamous cell Epithelioma
squamous cell cancer
A cardiovascular cancer that is located_in blood vessels.
Blood Vessel neoplasm
Blood vessel tumor
Blood vessel tumors
Blood vessel tumour disorder
Haemangiomatous tumour
blood vessel neoplasm
leiomyosarcoma of the renal Vein
malignant great vessel tumor
malignant tumor of pulmonary Vein
malignant tumor of pulmonary artery
malignant vascular neoplasm
malignant vascular tumor
neoplasm of great vessel
pulmonary artery malignant neoplasm
pulmonary vein malignant neoplasm
renal vein leiomyosarcoma
vascular tissue neoplasm
vascular tumors
A mitral valve disease that is characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart.
Mitral stenosis
PARRY-ROMBERG SYNDROME
An organ system cancer that located_in the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular tumors
cardiovascular neoplasm
Cheilitis granulomatosa of Mescher-Melkersson-Rosenthal
Melkersson's syndrome
A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart.
vascular tissue disease
An endocrine gland cancer located in the thryoid gland located in the neck below the thyroid cartilage.
Thyroid gland neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland
malignant tumour of thyroid gland
neoplasm of thyroid gland
thyroid neoplasm
An endocrine gland cancer located_in the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain.
Pituitary gland neoplasm
malignant Pituitary neoplasm
malignant tumor of pituitary gland
neoplasm of pituitary gland
pituitary gland cancer
pituitary neoplasm
Adrenal Rest neoplasm
A pericardium disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pericardium and has_symptom chest pain.
A peritoneum cancer that develops from cells of the mesothelium and is located_in the peritoneum.
Advanced malignant Mesothelioma of Peritoneum
advanced malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
malignant mesothelioma of peritoneum
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in mesothelial tissue that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs.
Diffuse malignant Mesothelioma
advanced malignant mesothelioma
asbestos-related malignant mesothelioma
malignant tumor of Mesothelium
A carcinoma that is located_in the inside of the abdomen.
primary peritoneal carcinoma
An endocrine gland cancer located_in the pancreas.
Ca body of pancreas
Ca head of pancreas
Ca tail of pancreas
malignant neoplasm of body of pancreas
malignant neoplasm of head of pancreas
malignant neoplasm of tail of pancreas
pancreas neoplasm
pancreatic neoplasm
pancreatic tumor
A pancreatic cancer that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue.
malignant neoplasm of the Exocrine pancreas
malignant tumor of exocrine pancreas
malignant tumour of exocrine pancreas
An islet cell tumor that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
Islet cell carcinoma
carcinoma of endocrine pancreas
malignant neoplasm of islets of Langerhans
pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma
A pancreatic cancer that is located_in the pancreatic islet cells.
Islet cell neoplasm
Islet cell tumor
Islet cell tumour
endocrine pancreas cancer
islet cell tumour
malignant pancreatic Endocrine tumor
malignant pancreatic Endocrine tumour
malignant tumor of endocrine pancreas
malignant tumour of endocrine pancreas
pancreatic Endocrine neoplasm
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra.
Non-neoplastic urinary tract disease
urinary tract disease
A bone benign neoplasm that is located_in the mouth and results_in an overgrowth of gingival tissue due to irritation or trauma.
Fibro-osteoma
peripheral ossifying fibroma
A carcinoma that derives_from neuroendocrine cells.
peripheral neuritis
A calcium metabolism disease that is the result of the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue.
Pathologically calcified structure
pathologic calcification
A childhood electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by brief and frequent absence seizures in children with age of onset between four and ten years.
petit mal seizure
pyknolepsy
absence seizure
A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions.
epilepsy syndrome
epileptic syndrome
An epilepsy syndrome that is characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause which arise from many independent foci (multifocal epilepsies) or from epileptic circuits that involve the whole brain.
Generalised epilepsy
COPPER TRANSPORT DISEASE
Menkes kinky-hair syndrome
steely hair syndrome
A connective tissue cancer that is located_in bone and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation that destroys normal bone tissue.
CA - bone cancer
bone neoplasm
bone tumour
malignant bone neoplasm
malignant bone tumour
malignant neoplasm of bone
malignant osseous tumor
neoplasm of bone
osseous tumor
A drug dependence that involves the continued use of cannabis despite problems related to use of the substance.
A cholestasis characterized by impairment of the bile flow caused by obstruction located_in liver.
A bone disease characterized by replacement of bone in the jaws with fibrous tissue leding to facial swelling that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in SH3BP2 on chromosome 4p16.3.
A syndrome that is characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, and café-au-lait spots and has_material_basis_in spontaneous post zygotic missense mutation at ARG201 or Gln227 of the GNAS gene during embryogenesis.
fibrous dysplasia of bone
osteitis fibrosa disseminata
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
A bone cancer and jaw disease that is located in the jaw and results in a swollen jaw, results in numbness or a tingling sensation in jaw, and results in an abnormal growth of the jaw bone.
neoplasm of jaw
jaw neoplasm
central giant cell (reparative) granuloma
central giant cell granuloma
central giant cell reparative granuloma of jaw
Sexual impotence
erectile dysfunction
A heart septal defect located_in in the septum that separates the two atria of the heart.
atrial septal defect
atrioseptal defect
auricular septal defect
congenital atrial septal defect
interatrial septal defect
interauricular septal defect
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis C virus, which is transmitted_by blood from an infected person enters the body of an uninfected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice.
NANBH
Viral hepatitis C
chronic hepatitis C
hepatitis C infection
hepatitis nonA nonB
A hepatitis that involves viral infection causing inflammation of the liver.
Viral hepatitis with hepatic coma
animal viral hepatitis
human viral hepatitis
A cranial nerve disease that is located_in the optic nerve.
disorder of the second nerve
optic nerve disorder
optic neuropathy
Fibroxanthosarcoma
MFH
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes which are found in skin, the bowel and the eye.
Naevocarcinoma
malignant melanoma
A germ cell cancer that has_material_basis_in cells that line the yolk sac of the embryo.
Hepatoid yolk sac tumour
Yolk Sac neoplasm
Yolk sac tumor
Yolk sac tumour
endodermal sinus tumour
infantile embryonal carcinoma
Complete hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
HG-PRT deficiency
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Lesch - Nyhan syndrome
X-linked hyperuricemia
deficiency of IMP pyrophosphorylase
hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
A reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the sex cord-derived tissues of the ovary or testis and derives_from granulosa cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and fibroblasts.
Sex Cord-Stromal neoplasm
Sex cord stromal tumour
Specialized gonadal neoplasm
Specialized gonadal tumor
Specialized gonadal tumour
sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour
An acquired metabolic disease that has_material_basis_in an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.
Blood urate raized
uricacidemia
A chromosomal duplication syndrome that is characterized by infertility and that has_material_basis_in an extra X chromosome in cells in men.
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Klinefelter's syndrome
XXY syndrome
XXY trisomy
A gonadal disease that is characterized by atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex.
sex differentiation disease
A gonadal disease that is characterized by diminished functional activity of the gonads.
An autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability that is characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails.
Dwarfism-Onychodysplasia
Fifth Digit Syndrome
Short Stature-Onychodysplasia.
A sphingolipidosis characterized by deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase which results in the accumulation of harmful quantities of the glycolipid glucocerebroside throughout the body, especially within the bone marrow, spleen and liver.
Gaucher disease
acid beta-glucosidase deficiency
glocucerebrosidase deficiency
glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase deficiency
kerasin thesaurismosis
A lipid storage disease characterized by functional deficiencies in the enzymes needed for lysosomal degradation of sphingolipid substrates.
Sphingolipidosis
sphingolipidoses
A syndrome that is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, a broad forehead, a short nose with a broad tip, full cheeks, and a wide mouth with full lips and difficulty with visual-spatial tasks and has_material_basis_in hemizygous deletion of 1.5 to 1.8 Mb on chromosome 7q11.23.
Fanconi Schlesinger syndrome
An aortic valve stenosis that is characterized by a narrowing of the section of the aorta just above the valve that connects the aorta to the heart.
Supra-valvular aortic stenosis
An organ system cancer that is manifested in the reproductive organs.
Reproductive tumor
malignant reproductive system neoplasm
cancer of reproductive system
A syndrome characterized by pituitary dysfunction, childhood onset ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraplegia, and chorioretinopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in PNPLA6 on chromosome 19p13.2.
LNMS
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, and problems with movement and balance.
happy puppet syndrome
puppetlike syndrome
A syndrome characterized by short stature, moderate to sever intellectual disability, distinctive facial features and broad thumbs and first toes.
Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome
Rubinstein syndrome
proximal chromosome 16p13.3 deletion syndrome
A bone development disease that results in defective ossification of located in bone.
A syndrome that results from mutations in multiple BBS genes affecting cellular cilia structure or function (ciliopathy) resulting in variable presentation and characterized principally by obesity, retinitis pigmentosa,vision loss, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal failure in some cases.
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that is caused by singled-celled protozoan parasites Trichomonas vaginalis or Trichomonas tenax, which infect the urogenital tract and mouth respectively.
trichomonas infection
A cholangitis that is characterized by an inflammation that is located in the gallbladder.
acute and chronic cholecystitis
acute cholecystitis
acute on chronic cholecystitis
chronic cholecystitis
A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the fallopian tube.
A fallopian tube cancer that is located_in the fallopian tube.
cancer of the fallopian tube
carcinoma of fallopian tube
fallopian tube Ca
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in fallopian tube.
fallopian tube neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of uterine tube
malignant tumor of fallopian tube
malignant tumour of fallopian tube
neoplasm of fallopian tube
tumor of the fallopian tube
tumor, fallopian tube, malignant
A smooth muscle cancer that can arise almost anywhere in the body, but is most common in the uterus, abdomen, or pelvis.
Leiomyosarcomas
A brain disease that is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain during pregnancy, during childbirth or after birth, which affects muscle movement and balance.
infantile cerebral palsy
A carcinosarcoma that derives_from simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epithelium.
Adenosarcoma
mullerian Adenosarcoma
Rectal tumor
neoplasm of rectum
rectum neoplasm
A colorectal cancer that is located_in the rectum.
carcinoma of rectum
carcinoma of the rectum
malignant Rectal tumor
malignant neoplasm of rectum
malignant rectum tumor
malignant tumor of rectum
rectal cancer
cancer of rectum
A rectum cancer that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
Rectal adenocarcinoma
A nervous system benign neoplasm that is characterized as a nerve tissue tumor.
Macular puckering of retina
Macular retinal puckering
cellophane maculopathy
degeneration of macula and posterior pole of retina
degeneration of macula or posterior pole
degeneration of macula and posterior pole
A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in connective tissue.
Tumour of connective tissue
connective tissue neoplasm
neoplasm of connective tissues
A T cell deficiency that results from the disfunction or underdevelopment of the thymus.
Nezelof's syndrome
T-cell immunodeficiency with thymic aplasia
thymic aplasia
thymic dysplasia with normal immunoglobulins
hyperinsulinemia
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the placenta.
Placental tumors
malignant Placental tumor
malignant neoplasm of placenta
neoplasm of placenta
placental cancer
primary malignant neoplasm of placenta
A choriocarcicoma that develops in the presence of a preceding gestational event.
Gestational choriocarcinoma
Gestational chorionepithelioma
Molar pregnancy with choriocarcinoma
A hyperostosis that involves formation of new bone on the surface of preexisting bone.
bone spur
bony outgrowth
orbital exostosis
osteophyte
swimmer's exostosis
A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations.
anxiety
anxiety state
A specific developmental disorder that involves specific developmental disorders of speech and language.
A brain disease that is characterized by cerebral softening located_in cerebrum has_material_basis_in injured or dead cells of the central nervous system.
A connective tissue disease characterized by damage of tissues located_in the entheses, the site of insertion of tendons or ligaments into bones or joint capsules, with symptoms of pain, swelling and inflammation.
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by blood transfusions, and transmitted_by fomites like needles or syringes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice.
chronic hepatitis B
hepatitis B infection
Serum hepatitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis delta virus, which is an incomplete virus that requires the helper function of Hepatitis B virus to replicate and only occurs among people who are infected with the Hepatitis B virus. The infection has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom lethargy, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom jaundice, has_symptom clay-colored stools, has_symptom dark urine, has_symptom changes in personality, has_symptom disturbances in sleep, has_symptom confusion, has_symptom abnormal behavior, has_symptom somnolence, and has_symptom coma.
delta hepatitis
An autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract that results_in inflammation located_in liver caused by the body's immune system attacking the liver cells.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
autoimmune hepatitis with centrilobular necrosis
A bone remodeling disease that results in an abnormal growth of located in bone.
bone hypertrophy
hypertrophy of bone
A maxillary sinusitis which lasts for less than 4 weeks.
acute antritis
A sinusitis which involves infection of maxillary sinuses that causes pain or pressure over the cheeks just below the eyes, tooth ache, and headache.
An anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience that results in psychological trauma.
traumatic neurosis
post-traumatic stress disorder
A candidiasis that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent or persistent superficial fungal infections located_in skin, located_in mucous membrane, or located_in nail due to T-cell defects, has-agent Candida species and has_symptom scaling of skin lesions, has_symptom thickening of nails, has_symptom swollen periungal tissue, and has_symptom scarring of the scalp.
chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the vulva.
Eccrine nodular hidradenoma
nodular hidradenoma
Perforation of intestine
A bowel dysfunction that is characterized by infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
A vulva cancer that has_material_basis in melanocytes.
malignant melanoma of vulva
malignant neoplasm of sweat gland
malignant tumor of the Sweat gland
A vulva adenocarcinoma that is characterized by distinctive large cells with prominent cytoplasm, referred to as Paget cells and is an intraepithelial neoplasm of epithelial origin expressing apocrine or eccrine glandular-like features.
Paget's disease of vulva
Vulval Paget's disease
Vulvar Paget's disease
vulval Paget disease
A vulva carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of Vulva
adenocarcinoma of the vulva
A muscle tissue disease that is characterised by slow muscle relaxation associated with hyperexcitation of the muscle fibres.
Congenital myotonia, autosomal dominant form
Thomsen disease
Thomsen's disease
A coccidiosis that involves infection of the epithelial cells of the small intestine with Cystoisospora belli, which results in nonbloody diarrhea with crampy abdominal pain, malabsorption and weight loss.
Infection by Isospora belli and Isospora hominis
Isosporosis
isosporiasis
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that occurs in the intestinal tract of animals and humans caused by Coccidia protozoa. Immunocompromised persons are at greater risk of developing the infection.
Coccidiosis
intestinal coccidiosis
A primary immunnodeficiency disease that is caused by a lack of infection-fighting antibody producing B cells (immunoglobulins) or B cells that are not functioning properly.
B cell (antibody) deficiencies
Immunoglobulin heavy chain deficiency
immunoglobulin heavy chain deletion
A syndrome characterized at birth by streaks of very thin skin (dermal hypoplasia), cutis aplasia, and telangiectases, and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PORCN gene on chromosome Xp11.23.
FDH
FODH
Goltz syndrome
Goltz-Gorlin syndrome
A syndrome characterized by abnormal development in 2 or more ectodermal structures (hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands) without other systemic findings.
Congenital ectodermal defect
Congenital ectodermal dysplasia
A primary bacterial infectious disease that has_material_basis_in Francisella tularensis, which is transmitted by dog tick bite (Dermacentor variabilis), transmitted by deer flies (Chrysops sp) or transmitted by contact with infected animal tissues.
A brain cancer that is usually located in the brain, but can occur anywhere in the central nervous system.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour
Rhabdoid tumor of the CNS
Rhabdoid tumour of the CNS
atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour
AT/RT
rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome
An extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is located_in urogenital system.
Genitourinary tuberculosis
An ovary epithelial cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial and stromal tissue and arises from the surface epithelium of the ovary.
malignant ovarian surface epithelial-stromal neoplasm
An ovarian cancer that is derives_from ovarian surface epithelium.
Ovarian Surface epithelial-Stromal tumor
A kidney cancer that affects the kidneys and typically located_in children.
adult nephroblastoma
Wilms' tumor
An ovarian cancer that originates in the germ (egg) cells of the ovary.
germ cell neoplasm of Ovary
germ cell tumor of ovary
ovarian germ cell tumor
A teeth hard tissue disease that is characterized by damage to a tooth that can happen when decay-causing bacteria in your mouth make acids that attack the tooth’s surface, or enamel.
Dental caries extending into pulp
Dental caries of smooth surface
Dental caries pit and fissure
Dental caries limited to enamel
primary dental caries
simple dental cavity
A vaginal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the vagina.
A sensory system cancer located_in the eye that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in the eye.
Ocular tumor
eye neoplasm
malignant eye neoplasm
neoplasm of eye
neoplasm of eye proper
Ca ascending colon
malignant neoplasm of right colon
malignant tumor of ascending colon
A dental enamel hypoplasia characterized by abnormal enamel formation.
A colorectal cancer that is located_in the colon.
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by easy bleeding, has_symptom prolonged umbilical cord bleeding, epistaxis, bleeding of the gums, menorrhagia, recurrent miscarriages, abnormal scar formation and wound healing, and hemarthrosis, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation of the F13A1 or F13B gene, which encodes Factor XIII, formally known as fibrin stabilizing factor.
Factor XIII deficiency disease
Hereditary factor XIII deficiency disease
deficiency, Laki-Lorand factor
Hemorrhagic diathesis
Hemorrhagic disease
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by easy bleeding, has_symptom epistaxis, bleeding of the gums, menorrhagia, and occasionally hemarthrosis, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the F7 gene, which encodes coagulation factor VII, an important factor in the clotting cascade.
Factor VII deficiency
deficiency, stable
Hereditary hypoproaccelerinaemia
Labile factor deficiency
Proaccelerin deficiency
deficiency, labile
A blood coagulation disease characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of mucosal bleeding, purpuric skin bleeding, epistaxis, and menorrhagia with prolonged bleeding times, enlarged platelets and absence of platelet aggregation in response to von Willebrand factor that has material_basis_in mutation in the GP1BA gene, the GP1BB gene, or the GP9 gene which are subunits of the platelet membrane von Willebrand factor receptor complex, glycoprotein Ib.
Bernard - Soulier thrombopathy
Bernard Soulier syndrome
Giant platelet syndrome
Hemorrhagic dystrophic thrombocytopenia
Thrombopathy, Bernard-Soulier
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by an abnormal increase or decrease in platelets or platelet dysfunction.
Thrombocytopathy
platelet disorder
A blood coagulation disease characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of failure of platelet aggregation and absent or diminished clot retraction that has material_basis_in mutation in the ITGA2B or ITGB3 genes on chromosome 17q21.32.
BDPLT2
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa defect
Thrombocytasthenia
deficiency of GP IIb-IIIa complex
deficiency of glycoprotein complex IIb-IIIa
deficiency of platelet fibrinogen receptor
platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa deficiency
platelet-type bleeding disorder 2
thrombasthenia of Glanzmann and Naegeli
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by the partial or complete absence of factor X activity in the blood.
Factor X deficiency
disease, Stuart-Prower
Dense body defect
Platelet dense granule deficiency
Platelet storage pool defect
A myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by sustained thrombocytosis in the blood, increased numbers of large, mature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and episodes of thrombosis and/or hemorrhage and that results_in the overproduction of platelets.
Essential thrombocythaemia
familial thrombocytosis
hemorrhagic thrombocythemia
hereditary thrombocythemia
primary Thrombocytosis
A myeloid neoplasm that is characterized by a group of slow growing blood cancers in which large numbers of abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets grow and spread in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.
CMPD
CMPD, U
chronic myeloproliferative disease
A blood platelet disease that is characterized by the presence of high platelet counts in the blood.
Thrombocythaemia
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by deficiency of factor XI clotting factor and mild prolonged bleeding, especially of mucosal sites following trauma, and has_material_basis_in homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutation of the coagulation factor XI gene of chromosome 4q35.2.
Congenital factor XI deficiency
Hereditary factor XI deficiency disease
Rosenthal's disease
hemophilia C
plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by prolonged PTT time without clinical symptoms, and has_material_basis_in a mutation in the F12 gene on chromosome 5q33.
Factor XII deficiency disease
Hageman Factor deficiency
deficiency, Hageman
An epilepsy syndrome that is characterised by seizures that are preceded by an isolated disturbance of a cerebral function and arise from an epileptic focus, a small portion of the brain that serves as the irritant driving the epileptic response.
localisation-related epilepsy
partial epilepsy
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by an impaired blood clotting resulting from a lack deficiency of a the fibrinogen protein (coagulation factor I).
Factor I deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency
acute and subacute liver necrosis
acute hepatitis
acute/subac. necrosis of liver
animal hepatitis
chronic hepatitis
chronic persistent hepatitis
A brain ischemia that is characterized by ischemia of brief duration and without resultant tissue death.
TIA
TIA - Transient ischaemic attack
TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK
Transient cerebral ischaemia
Transient cerebral ischemia
Transient ischemic attacks
transient ischemic attack
An bone structure disease that involves degeneration between vertebra located_in vertebral column.
Lumbar spondylosis with myelopathy
Spondylogenic compression of lumbar spinal cord
Spondylogenic compression of thoracic spinal cord
Spondylosis with myelopathy
Thoracic or lumbar spondylosis with myelopathy
lumbosacral spondylosis without myelopathy
spondylosis with myelopathy
A disease characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality.
A uterine disease that is located_in the cervix.
A bone development disease that results_in defective development of cartilage or bone.
Cartilage Development disorder
Congenital anomaly of cartilage
Osteochondrodysplasia syndrome
chondrodystrophy
Ankylosis is a arthropathy where there is a stiffness of a joint, the result of injury or disease. The rigidity may be complete or partial and may be due to inflammation of the tendinous or muscular structures outside the joint or of the tissues of the joint itself.
A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the vaginal mucous membranes in women caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms include intense vulval pruritus, burning, erythema and dyspareunia associated with a creamy white, curd-like discharge.
Candidal vulvovaginitis
Candidal: cervix
Candidiasis of vulva and vagina
Monilial vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
An upper respiratory tract disease involving inflammation of the throat or pharynx resulting from bacterial, viral, fungal infections or irritants like pollutants or chemical substances and smoking. The infection is often referred to as sore throat. The symptoms include pain during swallowing, enlarged tonsils coated with a white discharge, runny nose, cough and slight fever.
Inflamed throat
Persistent sore throat
Pharyngeal disorder
Pharyngitis - acute
Sore throat - chronic
acute pharyngitis
acute sore throat
chronic pharyn/nasopharyngitis
chronic pharyngitis
chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis
chronic sore throat
pharyngeal disease
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the gonads.
A hidradenitis that is characterized by chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands, has_symptom painful nodules, abscesses, sinus tract formation, scarring, erythema, pruritis, and pain, and has_material_basis_in chronic inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands leading to recurrent folliculitis and an accompanying immune response that worsens inflammation.
Acne inversa, familial
Hidradenitis suppurativa
A sweat gland disease that is characterized by inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands and has_symptom erythema, edema, papules, plaques, pruritis, and pain.
Hidradenitis
Hydradenitis
A reproductive system disease that impairs the ability to reproduce and is located in the uterus, vagina, cervix, ovaries or fallopian tubes.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that involves systemic infection, has_material_basis_in Leptospira, which is transmitted by contact with water, food, or soil containing urine from the infected animals. The infection has symptom jaundice, has symptom chills, has symptom fever, has symptom muscle pain, and has symptom hepatomegaly.
Fort Bragg fever
Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica
Rat Catcher's Yellows
Weil's disease
nanukayami fever
spirochetal jaundice
A motor neuron disease characterized by painless but progressive weakness and stiffness of the muscles of the legs.
adult-onset primary lateral sclerosis
primary lateral sclerosis
A bone structure disease that involves a defect located_in lumbar vertebral column.
A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by repeated, rhythmic, purposeless movements or activities such as head banging, nail biting, or body rocking.
Stereotyped repetitive movements
Stereotypy habit disorder
A neurodegenerative disease that is located_in the motor neurones.
An opportunistic bacterial infectious disease that results_in disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts, has_material_basis_in Nocardia asteroides. The infection has_symptom pneumonia, has_symptom cellulitis, has_symptom lesions in the brain or meninges, and has_symptom ascending regional lymphadenopathy.
Nocardia infectious disease
An ischemia that is characterized by insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand.
Ischaemic encephalopathy
Ischemic encephalopathy
cerebral ischemia
A lung disease that is characterized by narrowing of pulmonary airways.
respiratory airway obstruction
A gastrointestinal system infectious disease that involves inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small and large intestines, which is caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Chemicals and drugs also cause gastroenteritis. The symptoms include diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and discomfort in the abdomen.
cholera morbus
infectious colitis, enteritis and gastroenteritis
A jaw cancer and mandibular disease that affects your lower jawbone.
malignant neoplasm of inferior maxilla
malignant neoplasm of lower Jaw bone
mandible cancer
neoplasm of mandible
malignant neoplasm of mandible
mandibular neoplasm
A synostosis that results_in premature fusion located_in skull.
Premature closure of cranial sutures
Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves plasma protein metabolism malfunction.
Cardiovascular arteriosclerosis
An artery disease that is characterized by a thickening and hardening of arterial walls in the arteries.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerotic vascular disease
An intestinal benign neoplasm that is located_in the colon.
Colonic Mass
Colonic tumor
colon neoplasm
neoplasm of colon
Iron disorder
disorder of iron metabolism
iron disorder
A metal metabolism disorder characterized by the accumulation of iron in various organs of the body.
Haemochromatosis
diabetes bronze
iron storage disorder
An aplastic anemia that is characterized by displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue either by fibrosis, tumors or granulomas.
ANEMIA LEUKOERYTHROBLASTIC
Anemia, leukoerythroblastic
Leukoerythroblastosis
myelophthisis
A hematopoietic system disease that is characterized by a decrease in the normal number of red blood cells.
anaemia
ANEMIA MACROCYTIC
Macrocytic anaemia
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in brain, has_material_basis_in West Nile virus, which is transmitted_by Culex, transmitted by Aedes, and transmitted_by Anopheles species of mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom high fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom neck stiffness, has_symptom stupor, has_symptom disorientation, has_symptom coma, has_symptom tremors, has_symptom convulsions, has_symptom muscle weakness, has_symptom vision loss, has_symptom numbness, and has_symptom paralysis.
West Nile Fever with encephalitis
West Nile fever encephalitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in West Nile virus, which is transmitted_by Culex and transmitted_by Aedes mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom headache, has_symptom body ache, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom maculopapular rash and has_symptom vomiting.
A sphingolipidosis that is characterized by the accumulation of lipids known as gangliosides.
A hematopoietic system disease characterized by oval or elliptical red blood cells, slight or absent hemolysis with little or no anemia; splenomegaly is often present.
Congenital elliptocytosis
ovalocytosis
A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring.
Generalized multiple sclerosis
insular sclerosis
A brain disease that is characterized by hyperbilirubinemia-induced brain dysfunction.
bilirubin encephalopathy
A pigmentation disease characterized by a high level of bilirubin in the blood, causing a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant.
neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
neonatal icterus
A brain disease that is characterised by the presence of neurological symptoms of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B1).
Wernicke's disease
Wernicke's encephalopathy
renal vascular disease
vascular disorder of kidney
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the ovary.
malignant Ovarian tumor
malignant tumour of ovary
ovarian neoplasm
ovary neoplasm
primary ovarian cancer
tumor of the Ovary
neoplasm of granular cell
Cutaneous Ganglioneuroma
Ganglioneuroma of skin
A central nervous system benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in mature neurons, and is classified by the absence of neoplastic glial cells.
neoplasm of skin with adnexal differentiation
neoplasm of the skin Appendage
skin appendage tumour
dermis tumour
neoplasm of Dermis
tumor of dermis
tumour of dermis
A disease of metabolism that has_material_basis_in excessive growth hormone production which results_in enlargement located_in limb.
Protein S deficiency
Protein S deficiency disease
A blood coagulation disease that is characterized by an increased tendency to form clots.
hypercoagulability state
retina circulation disorder
A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality.
mental or behavioural disorder
A systemic mycosis that results_in fungal infection located_in human body of immunocompromised individuals, has_material_basis_in Fungi. The organisms invade via the respiratory tract, alimentary tract, or intravascular devices.
Opportunistic mycoses
Opportunistic mycosis
opportunistic systemic mycoses
chronic Conjunctivitis
HSMN
HSMN - Hereditary sensory and motor neuropathy
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy
neuropathic muscular atrophy
A brain disease that is characterized by vertigo caused by hemorrhagic insult, ischemic insult or mass lesion of the cerebellum, the vestibular nuclei, and the brainstem, has_symptom dizziness, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting and has_symptom difficulty walking.
Vertigo of central origin
central vestibular vertigo
A respiratory system benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells and is located_in the trachea.
leiomyoma of the Trachea
Phosphorus disorder
disorder of phosphorus metabolism
phosphorus metabolism disorder
congenital neurologic anomaly
A neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system.
Sensory neuropathy
peripheral Sensory Neuropathy
sensory neuropathy
Watermelon stomach
A vascular disease that is characterized as a small vascular malformation of the gut.
angiodysplasia of stomach and duodenum with hemorrhage
Senile hemangioma
Senile naevus of skin
generalized erosion
localized erosion
A vasculitis that involves inflammation of the aorta that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Aortic Arch syndrome
Aortic arch arteritis
Aortic arch syndrome
Idiopathic aortitis
Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu's disease
A syndrome characterized by multiple early-onset basal cell carcinoma, multiple jaw keratocysts and skeletal abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in either PTCH1, PTCH2, or SUFU on chromosome 9q22, 1p32, or 10q24-q25, respectively.
Gorlin syndrome
NBCCS
basal cell nevus syndrome
Basal cell cancer
Basal cell carcinoma of skin
Basal cell neoplasm
Basal cell tumor
Epithelioma basal cell
Rodent ulcer
malignant Basal cell neoplasm
malignant basal cell tumor
Inflammation of testis
Orchititis
disorder of testis
testis disorder
An alcohol-induced mental disorder involving prominent hallucinations and delusions occurring during or shortly after acute alcohol intoxication or withdrawal.
Alcoholic psychoses
A proteinuria that is characterized by the leaking of blood protein into the urine, swelling or edema, and degenerative lesions without inflammation.
Dyssplenism
Spleen disease
An organ system cancer located in the hematological system that is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation in blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes.
Hematologic malignancy
Hematologic neoplasm
Hematological tumors
blood cancer
hematopoietic and lymphoid system tumor
hematopoietic cancer
hematopoietic neoplasm
hematopoietic tumors
malignant hematopoietic neoplasm
Splenic infarct
Splenic infarction
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis
acquired epileptic aphasia
An epilepsy syndrome that is located_in an area of the brain other than the temporal lobe.
Extratemporal epilepsy
A cardiovascular organ benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in endothelial cells that line blood vessels and is characterised by increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood.
A chondromalacia that is characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilage and other tissues throughout the body.
Chondromalacia, systemic
A cartilage disease that is characterized by softening and breakdown of cartilage inside a joint.
A drug dependence that involves the continued use of opiate drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance.
Opioid type dependence
An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of morphine despite despite problems related to use of the substance.
A corneal dystrophy that is characterized by corneal haze, bilateral loss of vision, eventually necessitating corneal transplantation resulting from progressive punctate opacities in the cornea.
Fehr corneal dystrophy
MACULAR DYSTROPHY, CORNEAL, 1
A cervix disease that is characterized by inflammation of the cervix.
A histiocytosis that is characterized by clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells.
Histiocytosis X
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
Langerhans cell granulomatosis
Letterer-Siwe disease
Letterer-Siwe disease involving intra-abdominal lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease involving intrapelvic lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease involving intrathoracic lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease involving lymph nodes of axilla and upper limb
Letterer-Siwe disease involving lymph nodes of head, face and neck
Letterer-Siwe disease involving lymph nodes of head, face, and neck
Letterer-Siwe disease involving lymph nodes of inguinal region and lower limb
Letterer-Siwe disease involving lymph nodes of multiple sites
Letterer-Siwe disease involving spleen
Letterer-Siwe disease of intra-abdominal lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease of intrapelvic lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease of intrathoracic lymph nodes
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of axilla and upper limb
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of axilla and/or upper limb
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of head, face and neck
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of head, face and/or neck
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of inguinal region amd/or lower limb
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of inguinal region and lower limb
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of inguinal region and/or lower limb
Letterer-Siwe disease of lymph nodes of multiple sites
Letterer-Siwe disease of spleen
A drug dependence that involves the continued use of barbiturates despite problems related to use of the substance.
A chondrodysplasia punctata that is characterized by disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, a typical facial appearance including a broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, high-arched palate, dysplastic external ears, and micrognathia, congenital contractures, characteristic ocular involvement, dwarfism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity.
Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic Form
A syndrome that is characterized by abnormal calcification of the epiphyses, causing stippling in radiography.
Chondrodysplasia punctata congenita
deficiency of catalase
A B cell deficiency that is caused by a reduction in all types of gamma globulins.
IGHM
hypogammaglobulinemia
mu heavy chain deficiency
Ca larynx - glottis
malignant tumor of glottis
malignant tumor of the Glottis
A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the larynx.
laryngeal tumor
larynx neoplasm
neoplasm of larynx
Glottic carcinoma
carcinoma of glottis
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the pancreas.
A larynx cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
cancer of Larynx
cancer of larynx
carcinoma of larynx
A cell type benign neoplasm that is a cartilaginous tumor encapsulated with a lobular growing pattern.
central Chondroma
A cell type benign neoplam that is composed of epithelial tissue on papillae of vascularized connective tissue.
papillomatosis
A kidney cancer which is manifested in the kidney.
hemangiopericytoma of kidney
renal hemangiopericytoma
A peripheral nervous system neoplasm that is located_in the autonomic nervous system.
tumor of Autonomic nervous system
childhood choroid plexus papilloma
A urinary system cancer that is located_in the kidney.
malignant neoplasm of kidney except pelvis
malignant tumour of kidney
renal cancer
Cystadenoma
Cystoma
An ovarian benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in the surface epithelium of the ovary.
benign ovarian Brenner tumor
benign ovarian Brenner tumour
ovarian Brenner tumour
A breast fibroadenoma that is characterized by stromal proliferation around epithelial structures.
Pericanalicular Fibroadenoma of breast
Pericanalicular fibroadenoma
A soft tissue cancer that is a soft tissue sarcoma and originates in the pericytes in the walls of capillaries.
Haemangiopericytic meningioma
hemangiopericytoma, malignant
malignant hemangiopericytoma
An ovarian germ cell monodermal and highly specialized teratoma that is composed either exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue.
Struma ovarii
A monodermal teratoma that has_material_basis in germ cells that are highly specialized and is located_in the ovary.
Ovarian Monodermal and Highly Specialized teratoma
ovarian germ cell monodermal and highly specialized teratoma
PEComa
neoplasm with Perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation
A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in mesothelium.
benign tumor of Mesothelium
Sebaceous adenoma
adenoma of the Sebaceous gland
skin appendage sebaceous adenoma
A connective tissue benign neoplasm that derives_from chondroblasts and begins in cartilage at the ends of long bones (thighbone, shinbone, humerus) close to the joints.
Chondroblastoma of bone
A cystic teratoma that is composed exclusively of mature tissues derived from two or three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).
Dermoid choristoma
Dermoid tumour
Mature cystic teratoma
cystic dermoid choristoma
teratoma, benign
A benign teratoma that is characterized by the presence of cysts or cystic spaces.
A sweat gland benign neoplasm that is composed_of outgrowths of myoepithelial cells from a sweat gland.
Myoepithelial adenoma
Myoepithelial neoplasm
benign myoepithelioma
Sweat gland tumor
neoplasm of sweat gland
tumor of the Sweat gland
A carcinoma that derives_from transitional epithelial cells.
transitional carcinoma
transitional cell tumor
urothelial cell carcinoma
transitional cell neoplasm
A nephroma that is characterized as a localized, well-circumscribed multilocular tumor lined by hobnail epithelium.
multilocular cystic nephroma, mixed epithelial stromal tumour and renal epithelial stromal tumour
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial neoplasm
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands.
Ossifying Fibromyxoma
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
ossifying fibromyxoid tumour
A lymphatic system cancer that has_material_basis_in endothelial cells located_in lymphatic vessels.
Lymphangiosarcoma of Stewart and Treves
Stewart-Treves syndrome
malignant Lymphangioendothelioma
skin lymphangiosarcoma
A muscle benign neoplasm that is characterized as benign hyperplastic lesions of uterine smooth muscle cells.
benign neoplasm of the Muscle
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor that secretes testosterone characterized by excessive proliferation of Leydig cells located_in ovary or testicle.
Leydig cell neoplasm
renal cell adenoma
Metanephric adenofibroma
A sarcoma and malignant non-epithelial hepatic and intrahepatic bile duct neoplasm sthat is located_in the liver.
hepatic sarcoma
Synovioma, benign
benign synovioma
benign tumor of Synovium
localized Giant cell tumor of Tenosynovium
Diffuse Giant cell tumor of Tenosynovium
villous tenosynovitis
A connective tissue disease that results_in inflammation located_in synovial membrane that lines a synovial joint which causes pain and swelling.
malignant tumor of Synovium
An extrinsic allergic alveolitis that is characterized by a set of symptoms such as headache, fatigue, eye irritation, and breathing difficulties that affect workers in modern airtight office buildings. The disease is caused by indoor pollutants (as formaldehyde fumes, particulate matter, or microorganisms), and the symptoms tend to disappear when affected individuals leave the building.
Tight foreskin
Tight frenulum
A syndrome characterized by sun sensitivity, short stature, predisposition to the development of cancer and genomic instability.
Bloom-Torre-Machacek syndrome
Congenital Telangiectatic Erythema syndrome
A pneumothorax that is characterized by having air in the chest cavity and blood in the chest cavity.
A vascular disease that is located_in the liver.
vascular disorder of liver
A dermatitis that selectively affects the hands and feet.
A skin disease characterized by itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping and crusting patches of skin.
eczema
skin inflammation
Capillary hemangioma
Congenital vascular hamartoma
Congenital vascular naevus
Infantile hemangioma
Juvenile hemangioma
Strawberry haemangioma
Strawberry nevus
Strawberry nevus of skin
cellular hemangioma of Infancy
A skin disease characterized by cutaneous pigmentation, premature graying, dystrophy of the nails, leukoplakia of the oral mucosa, continuous lacrimation due to atresia of the lacrimal ducts, often thrombocytopenia, anemia, testicular atrophy in the male carriers and predisposition to cancer.
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
A vesiculobullous skin disease that is characterized by formation of blisters with only minor skin trauma, which can cause widespread wounds, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and severe infection, frequently develops_from mutations in connective tissue elements, including genes encoding keratin, collagen, and laminin.
Epidermolysis bullosa
acantholysis bullosa
A skin disease that is characterized by fluid filled blisters.
Congenital poikiloderma
RTS
Atrophoderma
Atrophy - skin
atrophic condition of skin
DARIER-WHITE DISEASE
Darier's disease
Keratosis follicularis
A bone disease characterized by short stature, coarse and dysmorphic facies, bowing of the long bones, and vertebral anomalies that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in NOTCH2 on chromosome 1p12.
Cheney syndrome
HJCYS
SFPKS
acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible
arthrodentoosteodysplasia
serpentine fibula-polycystic kidney syndrome
A connective tissue disease that is characterized by the accumulation of deposits of calcium and other minerals in elastic fibers, which are a component of connective tissue, this can result in changes in the skin, eyes, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system.
Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome
A bilirubin metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin as bilirubin is not being conjugated as a result of reduced glucuronyltransferase activity.
Constitutional hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert's disease
Gilbert's syndrome
Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome
hereditary nonhemolytic jaundice
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of bilirubin resulting from disruption of bilirubin metabolism.
hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
hyperbilirubinemia
hyperbilirubinaemia
A sensory system disease that is characterized by auditory dysfunction located_in the auditory system.
ear and mastoid disease
A personality disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity.
Glycogen storage disease, type V
McArdle's disease
glycogen storage disease type V
myophosphorylase deficiency
A glycogen metabolism disorder that has_material_basis_in enzymes deficiencies necessary in the processing of glycogen synthesis or breakdown within muscles, liver, and other cell types.
glycogenosis
glycogenoses
Amylopectinosis
Branching-transferase deficiency glycogenosis
Glycogen storage disease, type IV
brancher deficiency glycogenosis
deficiency of 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme
A glycogen storage disease that has_material_basis_in deficiency of the lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase enzyme resulting in damage to muscle and nerve cells due to an accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome.
Generalized glycogenosis
Glycogen storage disease, type II
Glycogenosis, type 2
Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency
Pompe's disease
acid maltase deficiency
deficiency of glucoamylase
deficiency of maltase
glycogen storage disease type II
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which is transmitted_by inhalation or transmitted_by ingestion of via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract respectively. The bacteria cause disseminated infection in HIV infected people, while pulmonary disease in immunocompetent persons.
Infection due to Mycobacterium intracellulare
MAC disease
Mycobacterium Avium Infection
Mycobacterium avium Complex
A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by the persistent presence of involuntary brief movements or sounds occuring intermittently and unpredictably out of a background of normal motor activity.
A contact dermatitis that is characterized by a cutaneous inflammatory reaction to repeated contact with an irritant substance, friction, liquid, or adverse temperature that interacts with the skin and often has_symptom erythema, edema, scaling, pain, pruritis, or burning sensation.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
primary irritant dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis/eczema
Contact eczema
Dermatitis, venenata
dermatitis venenata
A bone cancer that is located_in almost exclusively in the long bones.
A lung cancer that is located_in the lung and that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
pulmonary sarcoma
A cerebellar disease that is characterized by hypoplasia and upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle.
Atresia of foramina of Magendie and Luschka
A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.
A parasitic infectious disease that is caused by parasitic protozoa which are microorganisms classified as unicellular eukaryotes.
mastigophora infectious disease
sarcomastigophora infectious disease
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the small intestine of humans, dogs and cats by the nematode Necator americanus causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, cramps, weight loss and anemia. Cutaneous larvae migrans in humans is characterized by skin ruptures and severe itching.
A pneumonia located_in the lung parenchyma of unknown cause.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis
IPF
A obstructive lung disease involving obstruction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and fibrosis which occurs as a complication of various lung conditions or physiological insults.
Bronchiolitis exudativa
Bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans
Obliterative bronchiolitis
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body.
malignant neoplasm of cranial nerve
malignant neoplasm of cranial nerves
malignant tumor of cranial nerve
malignant tumor of the Cranial nerve
disorder of the nose
nasal disorder
acute acalculous cholecystitis
acute cholecystitis without calculus
cholecystitis without calculus
A bronchial disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The disease has_symptom recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), has_symptom chest tightness, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom mucus production and has_symptom coughing.
Exercise induced asthma
bronchial hyperreactivity
chronic obstructive asthma
chronic obstructive asthma with acute exacerbation
chronic obstructive asthma with status asthmaticus
exercise-induced asthma
An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by delayed repolarization of the heart following a heartbeat increases the risk of episodes of torsade de pointes (TDP, a form of irregular heartbeat that originates from the ventricles).
LQT
Romano-Ward syndrome
long Q-T syndrome
A chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is characterized by over production of B cells (lymphocytes) by the bone marrow where the B cells appear hairy under a microscope.
A thyroid gland disease that is characterized by elevated thyroxine levels in the blood.
Euthyroid sick syndrome
Sick-euthyroid syndrome
hemoglobinopathies
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder that is characterised by abnormally low levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated G6PD or G6PDH).
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
deficiency of G-6PD
glucosephosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
An endometrial carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of endometrium
adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
adenocarcinoma of uterus
endometrial adenoacanthoma
endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma
endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation
endometrioid adenoma or carcinoma
endometrioid adenomas and carcinomas
endometrioid carcinoma of Endometrium
A endometrial cancer that is located_in the tissue lining the uterus.
carcinoma of the Endometrium
endometrioid carcinoma
endometrioid carcinoma of female Reproductive system
A laryngeal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in squamous cells.
Epidermoid carcinoma of the Larynx
squamous cell carcinoma of larynx
A uterine disease that is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue grows outside of the endometrium, such as into the myometrium.
Endometriosis interna
Endometriosis of myometrium
Endometriosis, myometrium
adenomyosis
uterine Adenomyosis
A male reproductive organ benign neoplasm that derives_from glandular epithelial cells and that is located_in the prostate.
adenoma - prostate
adenoma of prostate
benign adenoma of prostate
prostate adenoma
A female reproductive system disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine body.
An endocrine organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the thyroid and derives_from glandular epithelial cells.
adenoma of thyroid gland
A cervical cancer that is located_in the cervix uteri or located_in the cervical area and that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
cancer of cervix
carcinoma cervix uteri
carcinoma of cervix
carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
A syndrome that is characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip, and mandible. It is associated with anomalous development of the first branchial arch and second branchial arch.
Facio-auriculo-vertebral spectrum
First AND second branchial arch syndrome
First arch syndrome
HEMIFACIAL MICROSOMIA
OAV (oculoauriculovertebral) dysplasia
Otomandibular dysostosis
A syndrome that is characterized by bilateral and symmetric downslanting palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, and external ear abnormalities.
Franceschetti syndrome
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
mandibulofacial dysostosis
PANCREATITIS NECROTIZING
acute necrotizing pancreatitis
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the immune system.
A hypersensitivity reaction disease that is characterized by a cell-mediated response to antigens, where Th1 helper T cells react with antigens on antigen-presenting cells and cause a delayed type immune response.
immunoproliferative disease
hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease that involves large amounts of cryoglobulins in the blood which become thick or gel-like in cold temperatures.
CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
Cryoimmunoglobulinaemia
lacrimal system neoplasm
neoplasm of lacrimal system
tumor of the lacrimal system
Lobular glomerulonephritis
chronic glomerulonephritis, lobular
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
A nephritis that causes inflammation of the glomeruli located_in kidney.
A syndrome that is characterized by large cutaneous hemangiomata with hypertrophy of the related bones and soft tissues.
Haemangiectatic hypertrophy
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome
angioosteohypertrophy syndrome
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in birds and humans, has_material_basis_in Newcastle disease virus, which is transmitted_by contact with feces and urine of an infected bird, or transmitted_by fomites. The infection has_symptom conjunctivitis, has_symptom headache, and has_symptom lacrimation in humans, and has_symptom gasping, has_symptom coughing, has_symptom twisting of head and neck, has_symptom circling, has_symptom complete paralysis, has_symptom watery diarrhea, and has_symptom reduced egg production in birds.
Newcastle's disease
Pseudo-fowlpest
A syndrome characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, immune deficiency, coagulation deficiency and neuropathy; it is that has_material_basis_in mutations in the CHS1 gene.
CHS
Chediak - Steinbrinck anomaly
malignant neoplasm of lacrimal gland
malignant tumour of lacrimal gland
neoplasm of lacrimal gland
tumor of the lacrimal gland
A lung disease that is an inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. It is caused by viruses and bacteria. The disease has_symptom cough, has_symptom wheezing, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom fever, has_symptom nasal flaring in infants and has_symptom bluish skin due to lack of oxygen.
A Coronavirus infection that results_in infection located_in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which is transmitted_by droplet spread of respiratory secretions, transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food, or transmitted_by fomites. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom body aches, has_symptom dry cough, and has_symptom hypoxia.
SARS
SARS-CoV infection
Travel Sickness
labyrinthine disease
A B cell deficiency that is characterized by relative predominance of certain immunoglobulin subtypes and deficiencies of others.
A trichothiodystrophy characterized by skin that is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight.
IBIDS syndrome
Tay syndrome
sulfur-deficient brittle hair syndrome
trichothiodystrophy with congenital ichthyosis
A syndrome that has_material_basis_in rare mutations in two DNA excision repair proteins, ERCC-8 and ERCC-6, and characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity), and premature aging.
Neill-Dingwall syndrome
Cockayne's syndrome
carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma
renal Cyst
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glyoxylate metabolism resulting in accumulation of oxalate throughout the body typically manifesting as kidney and bladder stones.
An inherited metabolic disorder that affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates.
disorder of carbohydrate transport and metabolism
inborn carbohydrate metabolism disorder
inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism
Suppression of urinary secretion
A glomerulonephritis characterized by build up of IgA antibody in the glomerulus.
Berger's IgA or IgG nephropathy
Focal Glomerulonephritis
IGA glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
primary IgA nephropathy
segmental glomerulonephritis
An autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and acute inflammation of the membranes lining the abdomen, joints and lungs; that has_material_basis_in mutations in the MEFV gene, which encodes the protein pyrin.
benign paroxysmal peritonitis
An autoimmune disease that is characterized by recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and/or fetal losses associated with characteristic elevated levels of antibodies directed against membrane anionic phospholipids (anticardiolipin).
Antiphospholipid syndrome
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
A carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells, which originate in glandular tissue.
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells.
malignant tumor of the germ cell
germ cell neoplasm
germ cell tumour
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor characterized by variable proportions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, primitive gonadal stroma and/or heterologous elements located_in the ovaries and testicles.
A male reproductive system cancer that is located_in the testicles.
childhood neoplasm of the testis
neoplasm of testis
pediatric testicular neoplasm
testicular tumor
testis cancer
testis neoplasm
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor that has_material_basis_in granulosa cells and arises from the sex cord stroma.
Granulosa cell neoplasm
Granulosa cell tumor, adult type
Granulosa cell tumour, sarcomatoid
malignant granulosa cell neoplasm
A breast cancer that arises from myoepithelial cells, which are a normal constituent of the salivary acini and ducts and are found between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane.
A breast carcinoma in situ that is characterized by abnormal cells are found in the lobules (glands that make milk) of the breast.
Lobular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
lobular carcinoma in situ
A syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of increased risk of developing several types of cancer, including breast cancer, osteosarcomata and soft tissue sarcomata.
Li-Fraumeni Familiar cancer Susceptibility syndrome
SBLA syndrome
sarcoma, breast, leukaemia and adrenal gland syndrome
A breast benign neoplasm that is located_in the breast ducts.
A breast cancer that is characterized by a prominent infiltrative border, unequivocal sarcomatous areas, and stromal overgrowth and arises_from the stroma, lined by an epithelial and myoepithelial bilayer, forming a leaflike structure. They tend to grow rapidly and present in middle-aged women (40s-50s).
Phyllodes breast neoplasm
Phyllodes tumor, malignant
breast malignant phyllodes tumour
malignant Mammary Phyllodes tumor
malignant Mammary Phyllodes tumour
malignant Phyllodes neoplasm
malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes
malignant phyllodes tumor
malignant phyllodes tumor of breast
malignant phyllodes tumour
malignant phyllodes tumour of breast
phyllodes breast tumor
phyllodes breast tumour
A breast cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from mesenchymal cells.
sarcoma of breast
A substance-related disorder that involves a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning.
A carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from spindle cells and/or derives_from giant cells.
acinic cell carcinoma
A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning.
An adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, which produce mucin.
Mucin-Secreting adenocarcinoma
Mucin-Secreting carcinoma
Mucin-producing adenocarcinoma
Mucous carcinoma
Pseudomyxoma peritonei with unknown primary site
mucin-producing adenocarcinoma
A contact dermatitis that is an allergic skin reaction to foreign chemical or substances leading to red, itchy, weepy reaction where the skin has come into contact with a substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign.
A hypersensitivity reaction type I disease that is an abnormal response to a food, triggered by the body's immune system.
food hypersensitivity
A vasculitits that is systemic vasculitis realized as blood vessel inflammation and has_symptom asthma along with hay fever, rash and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis
Allergic granulomatosis angiitis
Churg-Strauss vasculitis
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
epithelial cancer
epithelioma
malignant Epithelioma
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in intestine, has_material_basis_in Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B or C, which are transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom constipation, has_symptom rosy spots on the central body, has_symptom non productive cough (in early stage of illness), has_symptom bradycardia, and has_symptom hepatosplenomegaly.
Paratyphoid
Paratyphoid A fever
Paratyphoid B fever
Paratyphoid C fever
Paratyphoid Fever A
Paratyphoid Fever B
Paratyphoid Fever C
Paratyphoid fever A
Paratyphoid fever B
Paratyphoid fever C
paratyphoid a
paratyphoid b
paratyphoid c
An astrocytoma characterized by the presence of small areas of necrotizing tissue that is surrounded by anaplastic cells as well as the presence of hyperplastic blood vessels, and that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from multiple cell types including astrocytes and oligondroctyes.
GBM
adult glioblastoma multiforme
grade IV adult Astrocytic tumor
primary glioblastoma multiforme
spongioblastoma multiforme
A malignant glioma that is has_material_basis_in astrocyte cells, a type of star-shaped glial cell, located in the brain and spinal cord.
Astrocytic tumor
Astrocytoma, NOS
astrocytoma of Cerebrum
astrocytoma of brain
astroglioma
cerebral astrocytoma
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in glial cells and is located in brain or located in spine.
Neuroglial tumor
glial cell tumor
glioma, malignant
malignant Neuroglial tumor
A gliomablastoma that is characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation.
Glioblastoma with sarcomatous component
Epileptic seizures - myoclonic
Epileptic seizures, myoclonic
Myoclonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure disorder
myoclonia epileptica
myoclonic epilepsy
cystic Hygroma
A lung disease that is characterized by inflammation and altered lung interstitium compromising pulmonary function and often has_symptom shortness of breath, dyspnea, and/or cough.
ILD
An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease.
COLD
COPD
chronic obstructive airway disease
chronic obstructive lung disease
Gingival enlargement
acute gingivitis
chronic gingivitis
An organ system cancer located_in the nervous system that affects the central or peripheral nervous system.
malignant neoplasm of nervous system
neoplasm of nervous system
nervous system neoplasm
neural neoplasm
neural tumor
tumor of the nervous system
A germ cell cancer that is derives_from a mixture of germs cells and embryonal cells.
germ cell and embryonal neoplasm
A vascular disease that is characterized by compression at the superior thoracic outlet[1] resulting from excess pressure placed on a neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles.
TOS - Thoracic outlet syndrome
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the intestine of humans and birds with nematodes of the genus Ascaridia.
An adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed.
An adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, which form complex papillary structures and exhibit compressive, destructive growth that replaces the normal tissue.
Infiltrating and papillary adenocarcinoma
Papillary adenocarcinoma
infiltrating papillary adenocarcinoma
A cystadenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue forming serous lesions.
serous adenocarcinoma
serous carcinoma
renal and ureteral tumor
A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm located_in the hepatobiliary system.
hepatobiliary tumors
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the liver and/or biliary tract.
liver and biliary tract disease
An organ system cancer located_in gastrointestinal tract that is manifested in organs of the gastrointestinal system.
GI tumor
digestive system cancer
gastrointestinal tract cancer
A biliary tract cancer that is located_in the gallbladder.
gallbladder Ca
gallbladder neoplasm
localized malignant gallbladder neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of gallbladder
malignant tumor of the gallbladder
malignant tumour of gallbladder
tumor of the gallbladder
gastric outflow obstruction
A syndrome that is characterized by tumors in at least two endocrine glands.
Multiple endocrine adenomatosis
A rectal disease that involves inflammation of the rectal mucosa, which results from infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or radiation. Sexually transmitted pathogens (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Treponema pallidum) and enteric pathogens (Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella) are involved in the disease. Symptoms are rectal discomfort and bleeding.
Nontraumatic tear of anus
Solitary anal ulcer
Ulcer of anus
anal disease
anal fissure
anal fissure and fistula
anal ulcer
fissure in ano
An acute porphyria characterized by painful, blistering skin lesions that develop on sun-exposed skin.
A porphyria that has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom neuropathy, has_symptom autonomic instability and has_symptom psychosis.
hepatic porphyria
Dermatosis of scalp
AN - Acanthosis nigricans
Acanthosis nigricans
Keratosis nigricans
keratosis nigricans
A connective tissue disease characterized by accumulation of glycosaminoglycan located_in the dermal tissue.
A skin disease characterized by loose, hanging, wrinkled skin lacking in elasticity.
Cutis laxa
loose skin
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids.
dyslipidemia
fatty acid metabolism disorder
neoplasm of skin
neoplasm of skin by site
skin neoplasm
tumor of the skin
A cell type benign neoplasm composed_of epithelial cells located_in the ectodermal or endodermal cells linking body cavities.
Epidermoid cell tumor
squamous cell tumor
Papillary adenoma
glandular papilloma
Cutaneous papilloma
cutaneous papilloma
papilloma of skin
Inverted papilloma
Inverted papilloma, squamous cell
Pure progressive muscular atrophy
progressive spinal muscular atrophy
oligodendroglial neoplasm
oligodendroglial tumor
A spinal cancer that is located in the spinal cord and has_material_basis_in glial cells.
Glial neoplasm Spinal Cord
Glial tumor of spinal cord
glioma of spinal cord
myelopathy
A congenital structural myopathy characterized by generally non-progressive muscle weakness of varying severity; certain muscle fibers show the presence of rod-like structures called nemaline bodies.
Nemaline body disease
nemaline rod myopathy
rod myopathy
Psammomatous schwannoma
schwannoma
A neuroma that is characterized as a benign nerve sheath tumor that is composed of Schwann cells.
A peripheral nervous system neoplasm that is located in the connective tissue surrounding nerves.
neoplasm of the nerve Sheath
nerve sheath tumour
A brain stem cancer that is characterized by neoplasms in the fossa located_in cerebellopotine angle.
Cerebellopontine angle tumor
Cerebellopontine angle tumour
cerebellopontine angle tumour
neoplasm of the Cerebellopontine Angle
Melanotic Schwannoma
Melanotic neurilemmoma
Pigmented Neurilemmoma
Pigmented schwannoma
An epidermolysis bullosa that is characterized by recurrent blistering located in the lamina lucida of the basement membrane secondary to minor trauma, which can cause limited wounds, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, severe infection, among other issues, and has_material_basis_in mutation in genes related to laminin 332, which strengthens the skin.
congenital junctional epidermolysis bullosa
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation located in spinal cord, has_material_basis_in Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, which is transmitted by sexual contact, and transmitted by breast feeding. The infection has symptom spastic weakness of both legs, has symptom muscle stiffness, has symptom sensory disturbance, and has symptom spasms.
HTLV-associated myelopathy
Tropical spastic paralysis
Tropical spastic paraplegia
A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by impaired myelin formation, nystagmus, spastic quadriplegia, ataxia, and developmental delay that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PLP1 gene on chromosome Xq22.
HLD1
Leukodystrophy, sudanophilic
PMD
Pelizaeus Merzbacher brain sclerosis
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher brain sclerosis
diffuse familial brain sclerosis
hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 1
sudanophilic leukodystrophy, Paelizeus-Merzbacher type
An inherited metabolic disorder that involve an abnormal accumulation of substances inside the lysosome resulting from defects in lysosomal function.
disorder of lysosomal enzyme
inborn lysosomal enzyme disorder
lysosomal storage metabolism disorder
A neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by damage to the myelin sheath present around nerve axons.
demyelinating disorder
A spinal cord disease that is characterized by inflammation of the white matter or gray matter of the spinal cord.
Complex regional pain syndromes
Stenosis of trachea
stomach dilatation
A hematologic cancer that has_material_basis_in lymphoma located_in central nervous system.
Microglioma
primary CNS lymphoma
A pneumonia that is defined as an acute lung injury after the inhalation of foreign material such as regurgitated acidic gastric contents, petroleum products and laxative oils. This syndrome occurs in patients who have a marked disturbance of consciousness such as that resulting from a drug overdose, seizures, a massive cerebrovascular accident, or the use of anesthesia. Aspiration of gastric contents results in a chemical burn of the tracheobronchial tree and pulmonary parenchyma, causing an intense parenchymal inflammatory reaction. The disease has_symptom non-productive cough, has_symptom tachypnea, has_symptom bronchospasm, has_symptom bloody sputum, has_symptom frothy sputum, or has_symptom respiratory distress, 2-5 hrs after aspiration.
Chemical pneumonitis
Mendelson's Syndrome
An aspiration pneumonitis resulting from the aspiration of lipids. It is the result of a foreign body-type reaction to the presence of lipid material within the lung parenchyma. It is caused by inhalation of nasal drops with oil base or cosmetic oil and aspiration of mineral oil when used as a laxative agent.
Exogenous lipoid pneumonia
Lipoid pneumonitis
A rhabdomyosarcoma wherein the mesenchymally-derived malignant cells resemble the primitive developing skeletal muscle of the embryo; it occurs most often in the head and neck area or in the genital or urinary organs.
A skeletal muscle cancer that arise from skeletal muscle progenitors.
A rhabdomyosarcoma and sarcoma of prostate that is located_in the prostate.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate
A vascular disease that is characterized by a restriction in blood supply to tissues.
A hyper IgE syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the STAT3 gene on chromosome 17q21.
Job syndrome
Job's syndrome
hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
hyper IgE recurrent infection syndrome 1
A primary immunodeficiency disease where phagocytes have a diminished ability to fight bacterial infection.
phagocytic dysfunction
An integumentary system disease characterized by congenital absence of melanocytes in areas of the skin and hair that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in either KIT or SNAI2 on chromosome 4q12 or 8q11.21, respectively.
PIEBALD TRAIT
Partial albinism
A phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by an inability to resist repeated infectious diseases and a tendency to develop chronic inflammation. Life-threatening recurrent fungal and bacterial infections affecting the skin, lungs, and bones may occur along with swollen areas of inflamed tissues known as granulomas that can be widely distributed.
Bridges-Good syndrome
CGD
Congenital dysphagocytosis
Quie syndrome
An ovarian benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in glandular epithelial tissue in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed.
Cystoma Serosum simplex
simple cystoma of ovary
simple cystoma of the ovary
A thymus cancer that derives_from epithelial cells located_in the thymus. The tumor cells in a thymoma look similar to the normal cells of the thymus, grow slowly, and rarely spread beyond the thymus.
An immune system cancer located_in the thymus.
Thymic tumor
neoplasm of thymus
thymic neoplasm
epithelioid Thymoma
A thymus cancer that derives_from epithelial cells. The tumor cells in a thymic carcinoma look very different from the normal cells of the thymus, grow more quickly, and have usually spread to other parts of the body when the cancer is found.
Thymic carcinoma
Thymoma, malignant
malignant Thymoma
A viral infectious disease that results in infection of primates, rodents and humans, located in skin, has_material_basis_in Monkeypox virus, which is transmitted by contact with the animal's blood, body fluids, rash, or with the body fluids of a sick person, transmitted by fomites, and transmitted by respiratory droplets. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom muscle ache, has symptom headache, and has symptom lymphadenopathy.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Vaccinia virus, which is used as a live vaccine against smallpox. The virus is transmitted_by contact with the vaccination site before it has healed, or transmitted_by fomites that have been contaminated with live virus from the vaccination site. The infection has_symptom rash, has_symptom fever, and has_symptom body aches.
A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of a mixture of gonadal elements, such as large primordial germ cells, immature Sertoli cells or granulosa cells of the sex cord, and gonadal stromal cells (which comprises the granulosa, theca, and fibrocyte cells).
A notochordal cancer that derives_from cellular remnants of the notochord.
notochordoma
An embryonal cancer and bone cancer and mesenchymal cell neoplasm that is located_in the notochord.
notochordal tumor
A germ cell cancer that lacks histologic differentiation. It usually refers to a tumor in the brain.
A mixed germ cell tumor that is a mixture of teratoma with embryonal carcinoma, or with choriocarcinoma, or with both.
Teratocarcinoma
mixed Embryonal carcinoma and teratoma
A germ cell and embryonal cancer that is an encapsulated tumor with tissue or organ components resembling normal derivatives of all three germ layers.
An embryonal cancer that is a type of germ cell tumour that is located_in the ovaries or located_in the testes.
primary extragonadal embryonal carcinoma
A nervous system disease that affects either the spinal cord (myelopathy) or brain (encephalopathy) of the central nervous system.
An allergic contact dermatitis that is a chronically relapsing inflammatory allergic response located_in the skin that causes itching and flaking.
Atopic dermatitis
Atopic neurodermatitis
Besnier's prurigo
allergic dermatitis
atopic eczema
A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression.
Manic Bipolar Affective disorder
Manic Depressive disorder
Manic bipolar I disorder
bipolar depression
bipolar disorder manic phase
manic depression
manic disorder
mixed bipolar disorder
Depressive-manic psych.
A cell type benign neoplasm that is primarily located in the kidneys but may be found in the lungs, liver or other organs and is derived from perivascular epithelioid cells.
Angiomyolipoma
A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed of lipocytes.
LIPOMATOSIS, FAMILIAL MULTIPLE
Lipomatous neoplasm
Lipomatous tumor
benign lipomatous tumor
benign tumor of Adipose tissue
multiple lipomatosis
tumor of adipose tissue
malignant perivascular cancer
A lung disease that is characterized by progressive cystic destruction of the lung and lymphatic abnormalities, frequently associated with renal angiomyolipomas.
lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis
lymphangiomyomatosis
pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis
A motor neuron disease that is characterized by muscle spasticity, rapidly progressive weakness due to muscle atrophy, difficulty in speaking, swallowing, and breathing.
ALS
Lou Gehrig's disease
motor neuron disease, bulbar
A GM2 gangliosidosis that is characterized the onset in infancy of developmental retardation, followed by paralysis, dementia and blindness, with death in the second or third year of life and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the alpha subunit of the hexosaminidase A gene (HEXA) on chromosome 15q23.
GM2 gangliosidosis, type 1
hexosaminidase A deficiency
A gangliosidosis that is characterized by excessive accumulation of ganglioside GM2 and related glycolipids in the lysosomes.
gangliosidosis GM2
A GM2 gangliosidosis that is characterized by an accumulation of GM2 gangliosides, particularly in neurons, and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the beta subunit of hexosaminidase (HEXB) on chromosome 5q13.
Sandhoff Jatzkewitz disease
A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature.
episodic mood disorder
Purpuric disorder
BCECTS
benign Rolandic epilepsy
benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spike
rolandic epilepsy
sylvan seizures
benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
A personality disorder that is characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriately seductive behavior, usually beginning in early adulthood.
A bone resorption disease that has_material_basis_in hyperparathyroidism which results_in hyperactivity in osteoclasts, deformity, and loss of mass located_in bone.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata
Von Recklinghausen's bone disease
hyperparathyroid bone disease
A bone disease that results_in inflammation of the located_in bone.
Inflammatory disorder of bone
bone inflammatory disease
osteitis
A mucolipidosis that is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-N -acetyl neuraminidase (sialidase).
Mucolipidosis type I
sialidosis
A lipid storage disease that is characterized by the desposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material in tendons or other body parts.
xanthelasmatosis
A bone sarcoma that is located_in bone that has_material_basis_in cells of mesenchymal origin.
Osteogenic sarcoma
Skeletal sarcoma
bone tissue neoplasm
osteoid sarcoma
A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic connective tissue that is capable of developing into connective tissue, such as bone, and cartilage, the lymphatic system, and the circulatory system.
benign miscellaneous mesenchymal tumor
mesenchymal tumor
A connective tissue cancer that has_material_basis_in fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern.
Fibrocytic tumor
fibrosarcoma of soft tissue
fibrous tissue neoplasm
localised Osteogenic sarcoma
localised osteosarcoma
localized Osteogenic sarcoma
Aneurysm of coronary vessels
Aneurysmal lesion of coronary artery
Arteriovenous aneurysm of coronary vessels
A connective tissue cancer that has_material_basis in neural crest cells derives_from undeveloped, undifferentiated neuroectoderm.
Ewing's family localized tumor
Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Ewing's tumor
Ewings sarcoma
Ewings sarcoma-primitive neuroectodermal tumor
PNET of Thoracopulmonary Region
localized Ewing sarcoma
localized Ewing's sarcoma
localized Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
localized Ewing's tumor
localized peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
A bone sarcoma that has_material_basis_in cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage.
Cartilaginous cancer
chondrosarcoma of bone
primary chondrosarcoma of the bone
Parosteal Osteogenic sarcoma
Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Surface Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma of bone
primary Osteosarcoma of bone
Round cell osteosarcoma
small cell Osteosarcoma
Medullary Osteosarcoma
Medullary osteosarcoma
conventional Osteosarcoma
A central nervous system cancer develops from schwann cells located_in cranial nerves, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells.
neoplasm of cranial nerve
A lipomatous cancer that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue retroperitoneum and the extremities.
A vaginitis that is characterized by a grayish vaginal discharge usually of foul odor and the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis.
A mouth disease that is relating to or affecting the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth.
Periodontal disease
disease of supporting structures of teeth
periodontium disorder
An ectodermal dysplasia that is characterized by palmoplantar keratoderma associated with early-onset periodontitis and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the cathepsin C gene on chromosome 11q14.
Papillon Lefevre syndrome
Papillon-Lefvre syndrome
A keratosis characterized by abnormal thickening of the palms and the soles.
Keratosis palmaris et plantaris
Palmoplantar Keratoderma
An artery disease that is characterized by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart resulting in a narrowing of the arteries and a reduced blood supply to the cardiac muscles.
CHD
Coronary disease
coronary arteriosclerosis
coronary heart disease
syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion
A lymphatic system disease that is characterized by an excessive number of histiocytes.
Hand Schuller Christian disease
chronic Histiocytosis X
disorder of carotid artery
A vascular disease that is characterized by obstruction of larger arteries not within the coronary, aortic arch vasculature, or brain.
arterial occlusive disease
A lysosomal storage disease that has_material_basis_in deficiency of the alpha-D-manosidase enzyme resulting in the impairment of cell function from a build up of complex sugars derived from glycoproteins in the lysosome.
Alpha-D-mannosidosis
alpha-mannosidase deficiency
deficiency of alpha-mannosidase
A cranial nerve disease that is located_in the ninth cranial nerve or its nuclei in the medulla.
ninth cranial nerve disease
Tumour of optic nerve
neoplasm of optic nerve
tumor of Second Cranial nerve
Vertigo, vestibular disorder
A myositis that is characterized by late onset of skeletal muscle inflammation, weakness, and atrophy with cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles in the muscle.
A laryngeal disease involving an inflammation of the larynx leading to hoarse voice or a complete loss of voice due to irritation of the vocal cords caused by viral, bacterial or fungal infection, inflammation due to overuse of the vocal cords and excessive coughing, smoking, or alcohol consumption.
A breast adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in epidermal Paget cells, which are malignant glandular epithelial cells with abundant and clear cytoplasm, usually containing mucin, and pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nucleus.
Paget cell neoplasm
Paget's disease
Paget's disease of the breast
mammary Paget disease
Paget's disease of anus
anal Paget disease
Paget's disease of the anus
An anal carcinoma that originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland and derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of anus
adenocarcinoma of the anus
A penile cancer that is located_in the skin or tissues of the penis.
Penile carcinoma
carcinoma of penis
A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the uterus.
A skin cancer that is located_in tissues of the skin and develops from epithelial cells.
carcinoma of skin
A cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by tissue necrosis located_in the brain, resulting from inadequate blood flow through the brain.
A breast lobular carcinoma that is characterized by infiltration into the tissue of the breast outside of the lobule where it originated.
Lobular carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma of breast
Lobular carcinoma of the breast
A breast carcinoma that originates in the milk ducts and/or lobules (glandular tissue) of the breast.
Mammary adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma of breast
A breast cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
Mammary carcinoma
carcinoma of breast
A thoracic disease that is located_in the breast.
An ocular cancer that is located_in the uvea, which are the pigmented layers of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The uvea is the most common location of intraocular malignancy in adults and may commonly be caused by a subtype of cancer that arises from melanocytes.
Uveal tumor
malignant Uveal tumor
malignant uvea neoplasm
An eyelid disease that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins.
An eye disease affecting the uvea, which are the pigmented layers of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, located_in lymph node, located_in vasculature or located_in lungs, has_material_basis_in Yersinia pestis, which is transmitted_by oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) infected by feeding on rodents and other mammals, transmitted_by air, transmitted_by direct contact or transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated undercooked food.
SMCD - systemic mast cell disease
systemic tissue mast cell disease
A RASopathy that is characterized by mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms.
Turner's phenotype, karyotype normal
A gonadal dysgenesis that is characterized by short stature and early loss of ovarian function resulting from ovarian hypofunction or premature ovarian failure and has_material_basis_in one missing or structurally altered X chromosome.
Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome
Gonadal dysgenesis - Turner
Karyotype 45, X
Monosomy X
XO syndrome
monosomy X syndrome
A collagen disease that is considered an overlap of three diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and polymyositis with very high titers of circulating antinuclear antibody to a ribonucleoprotein antigen.
Connective tissue disease overlap syndrome
mixed collagen vascular disease
An adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, which have signet ring appearance.
Signet Ring cell adenocarcinoma
Signet ring carcinoma
Signet ring cell carcinoma
A pancreatic adenocarcinoma that derives_from pancreatic duct cells.
ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
mast cell hyperplasia
A fibrosarcoma that is located_in the dermis laryer of the skin and that begins as a hard nodule and grows slowly.
MESH:C538219 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
Neurosarcoma
A cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by an area of necrotic tissue in the brain resulting from a blockage or narrowing in the arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the brain.
CVA - Cerebral infarction
Cerebral infarct
Cerebral infarction
central core disease
A progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by onset between 6 and 13 years of age of action- and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures with ataxia, and a mild cognitive decline.
Unverricht - Lundborg disease
Unverricht's disease
Unverricht-Lundborg disease
A cerebral ventricle cancer that is located_in the plexus located_in the ventricles of the brain.
tumor of choroid plexus
tumor of the Choroid Plexus
choroid plexus neoplasm
A cerebrum cancer that is located_in the cerebral ventricles.
Intraventricular tumor of brain
cerebral ventricle neoplasm
A sarcoma that has_material_basis in mast cells.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
An appendix cancer that is characterized by progressive accumulation of mucus-secreting tumor cells within the abdomen and pelvis.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
mucinous Ascites
A central nervous system cancer that are manifested in the central nervous system and arise from the arachnoid cap cells of the arachnoid villi in the meninges.
intracranial meningioma
meningeal neoplasm
meningothelial cell tumor
neoplasm of the meninges
primary Meningeal tumor
supratentorial meningioma
A hepatobiliary system cancer that is located_in the liver.
Ca liver - primary
Resectable malignant neoplasm of Liver
ca liver - primary
hepatic cancer
hepatic neoplasm
malignant hepato-biliary neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of liver
malignant neoplasm of liver, not specified as primary or secondary
malignant neoplasm of liver, primary
malignant tumor of liver
neoplasm of liver
non-resectable primary hepatic malignant neoplasm
primary liver cancer
primary malignant neoplasm of Liver
primary malignant neoplasm of liver
resectable malignant neoplasm of the liver
Thrombosis of lateral venous sinus
Thrombosis transverse sinus
Thrombosis of superior longitudinal sinus
Thrombosis of superior sagittal sinus
A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor characterized by excessive proliferation of Sertoli cells.
tubular androblastoma
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
hydatidiform mole
molar pregnancy
A placenta cancer that has_material_basis_in trophoblastic cells.
Chorioepithelioma
A choriocarcinoma that is characterized by low beta-hCG levels and arises from neoplastic transformation of intermediate trophoblastic cells.
Placental site trophoblastic tumor
Placental site trophoblastic tumour
Placental-Site Gestational Trophoblastic neoplasm
placental site trophoblastic tumour
A nervous system disease that results from exposure to neurotoxicants and is characterized by an altered mental status, memory loss, and visual problems.
neurotoxicity
neurotoxicity syndrome
A cystadenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, with a capsulated structure and mucus-producing cells.
Pseudomucinous cystadenocarcinoma
An ovarian cystadenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of mucin.
Ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
An ovary adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of cysts or cystic spaces.
cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary
An ovary adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of mucin.
mucinous carcinoma of Ovary
An appendix carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
Appendiceal adenocarcinoma
A cervix disease that is characterized by the growth endometrial tissue that is located on the cervix.
Endometriosis of cervix
cervical Endometriosis
CANAVAN-VAN BOGAERT-BERTRAND DISEASE
Spongy degeneration of central nervous system
A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia).
Hypogonadism with anosmia
Kallman syndrome
Kallman's syndrome
familial hypogonadism with anosmia
A lipoma that is a painful subcutaneous nodule, having all other features of a typical lipoma.
A nervous system cancer that is located_in the central nervous system.
CNS neoplasm
central nervous system tumor
central nervous system tumors
malignant neoplasm of central nervous system
malignant tumor of CNS
neoplasm of central nervous system
An aortic disease that is characterized by an enlargement (dilation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size.
ruptured aortic aneurysm
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the uterus.
CA - cancer of uterus
Tumour of uterus
malignant neoplasm of uterus
malignant uterine tumor
neoplasm of uterus
uterine tumor
uterus neoplasm
A lysosomal storage disease that has_material_basis_in deficiency of the beta-A-manosidase enzyme resulting in the disruption of N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide catabolism.
Beta-D-mannosidosis
beta-mannosidase deficiency
lysosomal beta-mannosidase deficiency
A neuromuscular junction disease that is characterized by weakness and easy fatiguability resulting from a genetic defect at the junction where the nerve stimulates muscle activity that result in muscle weakness and may affect nerve cells (presynaptic), muscle cells (postsynaptic) or the space between nerve and muscle cells (synaptic).
A teratoma that is located_in the central nervous system.
CNS teratoma
Empty sella syndrome
Pituitary necrosis
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the body and a variety of neurological problems and caused by a deficiency of one of the three enzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
deficiency of pyruvic dehydrogenase
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency disease
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
A urinary system disease that is located_in the bladder.
Urinary Bladder Disease
A metabolic acidosis characterized by buildup of lactate.
A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by progressive loss of mental and movement abilities. Symptoms usually begin between ages of three months and two years and include loss of appetite, vomiting, irritability and seizure activity.
Infantile necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
Leigh syndrome
juvenile subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy
A lysosomal storage disease characterized by increased sialic acid in the urine.
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
neoplasm of olfactory nerve
tumor of Olfactory nerve
A hematologic cancer that has_material_basis_in mast cells.
Mast cell Proliferative disease
mast cell tumor
mastocytoma
Charcot's syndrome
Intermittent claudication
A childhood kidney neoplasm that is located_in the kidney, liver, muscle, heart, lung, soft tissues, skin and central nervous system.
Rhabdoid sarcoma
malignant rhabdoid tumour
rhabdoid tumor
pediatric renal tumor
A supratentorial cancer that is located_in the cerebrum.
cerebral cancer
neoplasm of cerebrum
tumor of Cerebrum
tumor of the lung
A mitochondrial encephalomyopathy that is characterized by mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, has_symptom myalgia, motor weakness, headaches, seizures, and stroke-like episodes with acute hemiparesis and severe headaches, and develops_from mutation in mitochondrial genes including MT-TL1, which encodes tRNA proteins.
MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY, ENCEPHALOPATHY, LACTIC ACIDOSIS, AND STROKE-LIKE EPISODES
Brachial neuritis
Parsonage-Aldren-Turner syndrome
Asthesioneuroblastoma
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Esthesioneuroepithelioma
Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma
paranasal sinus Olfactory neuroblastoma
Brachial plexus disorder
brachial plexopathy
An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin.
Genodermatosis
skin and subcutaneous tissue disease
A fallopian tube carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube
A bladder carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of bladder
adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder
bladder adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified
An ovarian carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
Ovarian adenocarcinoma
ovarian adenoacanthoma
adenocarcinoma of the ovary
A stomach carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of stomach
stomach adenocarcinoma
Myeloma - solitary
Myeloma, solitary
Solitary myeloma
Solitary plasmacytoma
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection of humans and cattle caused by a genus of parasitic protozoa Theileria, which is transmitted by ixodid ticks.
Infection by Theileria
theileriosis
A squamous cell carcinoma that is a diffuse, papillary, non metastasizing, well differentiated, malignant neoplasm of epidermis or oral epithelium.
Warty carcinoma
verrucous squamous carcinoma
verrucous squamous cell carcinoma
An acquired metabolic disease that is characterized by an insufficient intake of food or of certain nutrients, by an inability of the body to absorb and use nutrients, or by overconsumption of certain foods.
Nutritional disorder
A cervix carcinoma that has_material_basis_in squamous cells of the cervix.
squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
squamous cell carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
An esophageal carcinoma that derives_from epithelial squamous cells located_in the esophagus.
SCC of esophagus
SCC of oesophagus
oesophagus squamous cell carcinoma
verrucous carcinoma of the Larynx
A syndrome characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding problems due to platelet storage pool defect, visual impairment and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.
A thrombophilia that is characterized by the tendency to form clots in the veins.
AT III deficiency
hereditary thrombophilia due to congenital antithrombin deficiency
A thrombophilia that is characterized by recurrent venous thrombosis and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PROC gene on chromosome 2q14.
A syndrome that is characterized by the association of diffuse mesangial sclerosis (DMS), male pseudohermaphroditism with a 46,XY karyotype, and nephroblastoma that derives_from an abnormality in the WT1 gene (Wilms' tumor suppressor gene).
Indeterminate sex and pseudohermaphroditism
A vaginal discharge that is characterized by a whitish or yellow color.
Leukorrhea of vagina
discharge - leukorrhea
A vaginal disease that is characterized by the presence of discharge.
An interstitial lung disease that is characterized by destruction, scarring, and thickening of the interstitial lung tissues and progressive pulmonary function loss in a restrictive pattern, has_symptom progressive shortness of breath, fatigue, and chronic cough, possibly has_material_basis_in exposure to certain chemicals, autoimmune conditions, and radiation.
Fibrosis of lung
Chordoid glioma
An ovarian disease that is characterized by the absence of ovulation.
A syndrome that is characterized by skeletal malformations, growth retardation, hearing deficit, paroxysmal movement disorders, and cognitive impairment in affected males and some carrier females, and has_material_basis_in mutation in the RSK2 gene on chromosome Xp22.
Preauricular cyst
Preauricular sinus and fistula
Preauricular sinus or fistula
A soft tissue infectious disease that involves accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity as a result of infection within the lung (pneumonia) or a lung abscess spreading into the space. The symptoms include cough, fever, chest pain, sweating and shortness of breath.
Empyema
Empyema of pleura
Empyema of pleura without fistula
Empyema with fistula
Empyema with no fistula
Empyema with pleural fistula
Empyema without mention of fistula
Empyema, chest
Pleural empyema with fistula
Purulent pleurisy
Thorax abscess
abscess of pleural cavity
abscess of thorax
empyema
empyema with fistula
lung empyema
pleural empyema with no fistula
purulent pleuritis
pyothorax
A bone disease that is located_in the joint.
Ankylosis of joint of ankle and/or foot
Ankylosis of joint of forearm
Ankylosis of joint of hand
Ankylosis of joint of lower leg
Ankylosis of joint of multiple sites
Ankylosis of joint of shoulder region
Ankylosis of joint of upper arm
Ankylosis of multiple joints
Infectious arthropathy
Joint ankylosis of the ankle and foot
Joint ankylosis of the ankle and/or foot
Joint ankylosis of the forearm
Joint ankylosis of the hand
Joint ankylosis of the lower leg
Joint ankylosis of the pelvic region and thigh
Joint ankylosis of the shoulder region
Joint ankylosis of the upper arm
ankylosis of ankle and foot joint
ankylosis of forearm joint
ankylosis of hand joint
ankylosis of joint of multiple sites
ankylosis of joint of pelvic region and thigh
ankylosis of joint of shoulder region
ankylosis of lower leg joint
ankylosis of upper arm joint
An allergic contact dermatitis that is characterized by a delayed-type hypersensitivity cutaneous reaction in response to a photoantigen applied to the skin in individuals previously sensitized to the same substance, and has_symptom erythematous papules, vesicles, or eczema.
Photoallergic contact dermatitis
Photoallergic dermatitis
Photoallergic eczema
A diaphragm disease characterized by the lack of development of all or part of the diaphragm, which results in an abnormal opening that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest cavity and crowd the heart and lungs.
Diaphragmatic Hernia
A pituitary gland benign neoplasm that derives_from glandular epithelial cells.
adenoma of the Pituitary gland
Anomalous A-V excitation
Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern
anomalous atrioventricular excitation
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].
neoplasm of Rathke's Pouch
tumors of Skull Base
malignant Diencephalic tumor
malignant diencephalic neoplasm
tumor of Diencephalon
Colonic hamartomatous polyp
Peutz Jeghers colon polyp
Peutz Jeghers polyp
Peutz-Jeghers polyp of small Intestine
gastric Peutz-Jeghers polyp
peutz-jeghers small bowel hamartoma
Seminal Vesicle neoplasm
seminal vesicle tumour
tumor of seminal vesicle
tumour of seminal vesicle
A reproductive organ cancer that is manifested in the male genital system. This includes organs such as the penis and scrotum.
male genital cancer
male reproductive system neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of male genital organ
malignant neoplasm of male genital organ or tract
malignant neoplasm of male genital organs
malignant tumor of male Reproductive system
malignant tumor of male genital organ
neoplasm of male genital organ
tumor of male Reproductive system
male genital neoplasm
A medulloblastoma that is characterized by cells that are larger than would be normally expected.
large cell Medulloblastoma
Medullomyoblastoma
adult brain medulloblastoma
pediatric Medulloblastoma
A syndrome that is characterized by an increased risk for colon cancer and cancers of the endometrium, ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, urinary tract, brain, and skin and has_material_basis_in mutation of mismatch repair genes that increases the risk of many types of cancers.
COCA 1
HNPCC - hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Hereditary Defective Mismatch Repair syndrome
hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasm
AIP - acute intermittent porphyria
Pyrroloporphyria
porphyria intermittent acute
A placenta disease that is characterized by insufficient blood flow to the placenta during pregnancy.
A pancreatic cystadenoma that is characterized by the overproduction of insulin.
Insulin-Producing tumor of Islet cells
Islet cell adenoma
Apocrine Cystadenoma
Apocrine cystadenoma
Eccrine Cystadenoma
Eccrine hidrocystoma of skin
Hidrocystoma
tubular Apocrine adenoma
A sweat gland benign neoplasm that is located_in an apical sweat gland.
Hidradenoma of skin
Sweat gland adenoma
Syringoadenoma
A vulvar disease that is characterized by inflammation of the vulva.
A bronchus cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
BC - Bronchogenic carcinoma
A lung cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the lungs and has_symptom cough and has_symptom chest discomfort or pain and has_symptom weight loss and has_symptom hemoptysis.
cancer of lung
carcinoma of lung
bronchus neoplasm
neoplasm of bronchus
A non-small cell lung carcinoma that has_material_basis_in the squamous cell.
Epidermoid cell carcinoma of the lung
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
A lung carcinoma that is characterized as any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma.
NSCLC
Non-small cell lung cancer
non-small cell lung carcinoma
A syndrome characterized by extreme short stature, low body weight, early loss of hair, lipodystrophy, scleroderma, decreased joint mobility, osteolysis, and facial features that resemble aged persons that has_material_basis_in mutation in LMNA on chromosome 1q22.
HGPS
Hutchinson Gilford syndrome
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome
Hutchinson-Gilford disease
An inner ear disease which involves inflammation of the inner ear.
inner ear infection
malignant lipomatous tumor
malignant tumor of Adipose tissue
Overproduction of ACTH
pituitary-dependent Cushing disease
Adrenocortical hyperfunction
hyperadrenalism
hypercortisolism
An adrenal cortex cancer that forms in the outer layer of tissue of the adrenal gland and that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
carcinoma of the Adrenal cortex
An adrenal cancer that is located_in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland and that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
carcinoma of the Adrenal gland
An endocrine gland cancer located_in the adrenal glands which are located above the kidneys.
adrenal cancer
adrenal neoplasm
malignant Adrenal tumor
malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland
neoplasm of adrenal gland
tumor of the Adrenal gland
A thyroid gland cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
head and neck cancer, Thyroid
thyroid gland carcinoma
Trabecular adenocarcinoma
trabecular carcinoma
A differentiated thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by the small mushroom shape of the tumor which has a stem attached to the epithelial layer abd arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
Papillary carcinoma of the Thyroid gland
An intrinsic cardiomyopathy characterized by impaired ventricular filling, with normal or decreased diastolic volume of either or both ventricles typically resulting from increased stiffness of the myocardium.
Cardiomyopathy, constrictive
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
primary restrictive cardiomyopathy
Familial restrictive cardiomyopathy
Xref MGI. OMIM mappings 115210, 612422 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A thyroid gland carcinoma that has_material_basis_in parafollicular cells.
Medullary carcinoma of the Thyroid gland
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Ultimobranchial thyroid tumor
Ultimobranchial thyroid tumour
medullary thyroid carcinoma
A cardiomyopathy that is characterized by the pathology occuring outside of the myocardium.
A neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the PANK2 gene on chromosome 20p13.
Hallervorden-Spatz disease
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
NBIA1
Pigmentary pallidal degeneration
brain Iron Accumulation type I syndrome
neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1
pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
A cranio-facial dystonia that is accompanied by blepharospasm.
A trichostrongyloidiasis that involves parasitic infection of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract by nematodes of the genus Ostertagia.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is located_in lungs, located_in lymph nodes, located_in pericardium, located_in brain, located_in pleura or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted_by droplets released into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
An organ system cancer that is located_in the kidneys, ureteres, bladder or urethra.
A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
An ovarian cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue and is located_in the ovary.
Ovarian carcinoma
A bladder carcinoma that has_material_basis_in transitional cells located_in the lining of the bladder.
bladder transitional cell carcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma
urothelial bladder carcinoma
A urinary bladder cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
carcinoma of urinary bladder
A tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs.
A transitional cell carcinoma that has several papillary fronds with central fibrovascular core lined by transitional type epithelium.
Papillary transitional cell carcinoma
A ureteral disease that is characterized_as a congenital anomaly in which the distal end of the ureter swells as it enters the bladder.
A skin hemangioma that is characterized by the presence of small red dots that cluster together to form a linear or snake-like array or ring-shaped pattern located_in the blood vessels of the skin.
Angioma serpiginosum of skin
A stomach disease that is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
Erosive Gastritis
Erosive gastropathy
acute gastric mucosal erosion
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the mouth.
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
An abdominal tuberculosis that results_in infection located_in gastrointestinal tract. The infection has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom weight loss, has_symptom fever, has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom change in bowel habits, has_symptom nausea, and has_symptom vomiting.
Tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract
Tuberculosis of intestines, peritoneum and mesenteric glands
Tuberculosis of intestines, peritoneum, and mesenteric glands
malignant tumor of Skeletal Muscle
tumor of Skeletal Muscle
A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in muscle.
malignant neoplasm of muscle
malignant tumor of muscle
malignant tumor of the Muscle
myosarcoma
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
alveolar childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
A prostate cancer that is located_in the prostate.
sarcoma of the prostate
Rhabdomyosarcoma with ganglionic differentiation
Duodenogastric reflux
duodenal disease
duodenum disorder
cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas
A pancreatic carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
pancreas adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
A tricuspid valve disease that is characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart. This causes increased resistance to blood flow through the valve.
Tricuspid stenosis
A heart disease involving one or more of the four valves of the heart (the aortic and mitral valves on the left and the pulmonary and tricuspid valves on the right).
Valvular heart disease
A tricuspid valve disease that is characterized by failure of the heart's tricuspid valve to close properly during systole. As a result, with each heart beat, blood is pumped out from the right side of the heart in the opposite direction to normal.
Tricuspid incompetence
Tricuspid regurgitation
Tricuspid valve regurgitation
A germ cell and embryonal cancer that derives_from trophoblastic tissue.
Trophoblastic neoplasm
Trophoblastic tumor
disorder of liver
hepatic disorder
A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss.
Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia syndrome
A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infestation of blood feeding ticks of the families Ixodidae and Argasidae on animals and humans. Ticks are vectors of a number diseases, including Lyme disease, Q fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, tick-borne relapsing fever, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis and tick-borne meningoencephalitis, as well as anaplasmosis in cattle and canine jaundice.
A parasitic infectious disease that is caused by organisms that live primarily on the surface of the host.
ectoparasitism
parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease
An integumentary system disease that is located_in nail.
bile duct disorder
disorder of bile duct
A gallbladder disease characterized by altered tonus of the sphincter of Oddi, disturbance in the coordination of contraction of the biliary ducts, and/or reduction in the speed of emptying of the biliary tree.
sphincter of oddi dysfunction
A bone cancer that is located_in the area behind the eye and derives_from the orbit or secondarily derives_from an adjacent source (eyelid, paranasal sinus, or intracranial compartment). It results_in the eye pushing forward causing a bulging of the eye called proptosis.
malignant neoplasm of orbit
neoplasm of orbit proper
orbit cancer
orbital tumor
A syphilis that is the first stage of syphilis, marked by the development of a chancre, which is characterized by mononuclear leukocytic infiltration, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Symptomatic early syphilis
early symptomatic syphilis
early syphilis, symptomatic
An integumentary system cancer located_in the skin that is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells.
CA - skin cancer
malignant neoplasm of skin
melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancer
cancer of skin
Ganglioneuroblastoma
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a sexually transmitted systemic disease, has_material_basis_in Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by blood product transfusion, transmitted_by congenital method from mother to fetus or transmitted_by contact with infectious lesions. If left untreated, produces chancres, rashes, and systemic lesions in a clinical course with three stages continued over many years.
syphilitic chancre
An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues.
autoimmune hypersensitivity disease
hypersensitivity reaction type II disease
Rh incompatibility affecting management of mother
A scleroderma that is characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) of the skin and major organs, as well as vascular alterations, and autoantibodies.
Scleroderma
Scleroderma syndrome
progressive systemic sclerosis
systemic sclerosis
Normocalcemic pseudohypoparathyroidism
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
A speech disorder that involves mispronouncing speech sounds by omitting, distorting, substituting, or adding sounds which can make speech difficult to understand.
Articulation impairment
Phonological disorder
A speech disorder that involves a complete inability to speak.
A rheumatic disease that involves the abnormal growth of connective tissue, which supports the skin and internal organs.
dermatosclerosis
cerebral thrombosis
disorder of glucose metabolism
A hair disease characterized by hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location.
Peroneal Neuropathy
A brain stem cancer that is characterized by mass lesion of the brainstem, associated cranial nerve nuclei and long tracts, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from glial cells.
Brainstem Neuroglial tumor
malignant neoplasm of brain stem
malignant neoplasm of brainstem
neoplasm of adult brain stem
neoplasm of brain stem
primary brain Stem tumor
primary brain stem neoplasm
cerebellar cancer
malignant tumor of Cerebellum
An integumentary system disease that is located_in hair.
A malignant ovarian surface epithelial-stromal neoplasm that has_material_basis_in the surface epithelium of the ovary.
A dermatitis that is characterized by a pyogenic infection causing the formation of pus.
An endometrial stromal tumor that has_material_basis in connective tissue.
ESS
Undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma
endometrial stromal sarcoma, high grade
A muscular disease in which the muscle fibers do not function resulting in muscular weakness.
malignant tumor of Smooth Muscle
A Ewing sarcoma that is morphologically indistinguishable from skeletal Ewing sarcoma but is located in extraosseous locations.
extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma
extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor
extraskeletal Ewing sarcom
A sarcoma that is characterized by solid nests and fascicles of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. It presents as a slow growing mass that especially affects tendons and aponeuroses and it is deeply situated.
Clear cell sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma of soft Parts
adult soft part clear cell sarcoma
malignant melanoma of soft tissues
melanoma, malignant, of soft parts
malignant melanoma of soft parts
A sarcoma that results_in cells that are spindle-shaped. They are usually resistant to radiation therapy.
A mixed cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components.
MMMT
Mesodermal mixed tumor
malignant mixed Mullerian tumor
malignant mixed mesodermal (mullerian) tumor
mesodermal mixed tumor
mixed Mesodermal (mullerian) tumor
mullerian mixed tumor
A soft tissue cancer that is a slow growing tumor of an unknown origin that effects children and effects young adults.
Alveolar Soft Part sarcoma
A lung disease that is characterized by pulmonary collapse, accompanied by hypoventilation which can affect a lobe, segment, or all of the lung, resulting in a decrease in the ventilation/perfusion ratio.
primary atelectasis of newborn
primary atelectasis, in perinatal period
A kidney cancer that is located in the kidney's connective tissue.
renal sarcoma
sarcoma of kidney
Coronary artery stenosis
A prion disease characterized by adult onset of memory loss, dementia, ataxia, and pathologic deposition of amyloid-like plaques in the brain.
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease
PRION DEMENTIA
An eye disease affecting the conjunctiva, which is the mucous membrane surrounding the eye and interior of the eyelids.
A leukodystrophy that is characterized by the destruction of white matter and the formation of Rosenthal fibers consisting of abnormal clumps of protein that accumulate in astrocytes.
Alexander's disease
An osteosclerosis that has_material_basis_in a mutation of the LEMD3 gene which results_in a hyperdense bony cortex.
A bone remodeling disease that results_in abnormal elevated bone density or mass.
A bone inflammation disease that causes bone changes, soft tissue swelling and irritability in infants. The disease has been associated with COL1A1 gene. It has symptom soft-tissue swelling, has symptom bone lesions, and has symptom irritability.
cortical congenital hyperostosis
infantile cortical hyperostosis
A brain disease characterized by marked reduction of nearly all motor functions including facial expressions, gestures and speech output, but with some degree of alertness.
Coma vigilans
A microsporidiosis that is a zoonotic infectious disease results_in disseminated fungal infection in dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice and humans, has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon cuniculi, has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon intestinalis or has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon hellem.
Infection by Encephalitozoon
An opportunistic mycosis that results_in systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised people, has_material_basis_in Microsporidia phylum members.
Infection by Microspora
Infection by Microsporea
Infection by Microsporida
A basal cell carcinoma characterized by elevated, pearl shaped nodules with telengactisae on the surface and periphery.
Basal cell carcinoma, nodular
Circumscribed solid basal cell carcinoma
skin nodulo-ulcerative basal cell carcinoma
skin solid (nodular) Basal cell carcinoma
An external ear cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
carcinoma of the External ear
carcinoma of external ear
A congenital heart disease that is characterized by partial or entire anomalous curved venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava, association with variable right lung and pulmonary artery hypoplasia, dextraposition of the heart and an anomalous systemic blood supply to the ipsilateral lung.
pulmonary venolobar syndrome
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
A benign giant cell tumor that results_in the presence of multinucleated giant cells.
Giant cell neoplasm of bone
Giant cell tumor of bone
Giant cell tumour of bone
bone giant cell tumour
giant cell myeloma
osteoclastoma
A peripheral nervous system disease that is characterized by the pinching of a nerve root in the spine and has symptoms of pain, weakness, numbness and tingling.
An acquired epidermolysis bullosa that is characterized by formation of recurrent blisters secondary to minor trauma in the skin and mucosa, and has_material_basis_in the development of autoantibodies to type VII collagen.
acquired epidermolysis bullosa
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Zaire ebolavirus, has_material_basis_in Sudan ebolavirus, has_material_basis_in Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus, or has_material_basis_in Bundibugyo ebolavirus, which are transmitted_by contact with the body fluids of an infected animal or person, transmitted by contaminated fomites, or transmitted by infected medical equipment. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom joint pain, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom weakness, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom stomach pain, has_symptom rash, has_symptom red eyes, has_symptom hiccups, and has_symptom internal and external bleeding.
Ebola virus disease
A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Marburgvirus, which is transmitted_by contact with the body fluids of an infected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom maculopapular rash on the trunk, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom chest pain, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom diarrhea, and has_symptom bleeding.
Marburg disease
Marburg virus disease
A female reproductive system disease that is characterized by epithelium-lined fluid-filled cysts in the adnexa adjacent to the fallopian tube and ovary.
Cyst, fimbrial
Embryonic fimbrial cyst
A tinea capitis that results_in fungal infection located_in scalp, located_in glabrous skin or located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes and results_in_formation_of scutula, yellowish cup-shaped crusts of dense masses of mycelium and epithelial debris, which develop at the surface of a hair follicle with the shaft in the center of the raised lesion. Removal of these crusts reveals an oozing, moist, red base. Later, atrophy of the skin occurs leaving a cicatricial alopecia and scarring.
favus
A dermatophytosis that results_in contagious fungal infection located_in scalp, located_in hair of head, located_in eyebrow or located_in eyelash, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes and has_symptom itching of the scalp, has_symptom pus filled lesions on the scalp, and has_symptom patches of hair loss, sometimes with a 'black dot' pattern.
Scalp ringworm
Trichophyton rubrum tinea capitis
dermatophytosis of scalp or beard
tinea capitis due to Trichophyton rubrum
Dermatophytosis of scalp
Protocoproporphyria
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency
Variegate porphyria
Lymph cyst
A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the cervix.
cervical neoplasm
cervix cancer
cervix uteri cancer
neoplasm of uterine cervix
tumor of the Cervix Uteri
uterine cervical neoplasm
A steroid inherited metabolic disorder characterized by decreased conversion of biologically active cortisol to inactive cortisone resulting in low aldosterone levels, metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and early-onset severe hypertension that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HSD11B2 gene on chromosome 16.
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 2
Ulick syndrome
cortisol 11-beta-ketoreductase deficiency
syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess
apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
An autoimmune disease of the nervous system that has_material_basis_in antibodies to acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, has_symptom ptosis, has_symptom diplopia, has_symptom dysphagia, has_symptom dysarthria, has_symptom muscle weakness and has_symptom shortness of breath.
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease that is characterized by chronic urticarial rash and monoclonal IgM gammopathy, has_symptom rash, intermittent fever, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy.
Cerebral embolism with cerebral infarction
cerebral embolism
A food allergy that is an allergy or hypersensitivity to dietary substances from the yolk or whites of eggs, causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms.
Allergy to eggs
A legume allergy that is an allergy or hypersensitivity to dietary substances from peanuts causing an overreaction of the immune system which in a small percentage of people may lead to severe physical symptoms.
allergy to peanuts
peanut allergic reaction
An autoimmune disease affecting the nervous system.
autoimmune nervous system disorder
autoimmune disease of the nervous system
Lipoleiomyoma
Myofibroma
A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by the disfunction of conduction through the neuromuscular junction.
Acropustulosis
Palmoplantar Pustulosis
Pustular psoriasis of the palms and/or soles
A neuropathy that affect the nerves that control the voluntary muscles.
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in liver, has_material_basis_in Hepatitis E virus, which is transmitted_by ingestion of contaminated food. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom loss of appetite, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom clay-colored bowel movements, has_symptom dark urine, has_symptom joint pain, and has_symptom jaundice.
Fibroxanthoma
benign fibrous histiocytoma
fibrous Histiocytoma
Dermatofibroma
Fibrohistiocytic tumor
Pleomorphic fibroma
Sclerosing angioma
Sclerosing angioma of skin
benign Cutaneous fibrous Histiocytoma
dermatofibroma
fibrohistiocytic tumor
fibrous histiocytoma of skin
fibrous xanthoma of skin
A sphingolipidosis characterized by dysfunctional metabolism of sphingolipids.
Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome
Multiple eruptive juvenile xanthogranuloma
Naevoxanthoendothelioma
Xanthoma neviforme
A reading disorder resulting from a developmental reading disability involving the inability to process graphic symbols resulting in impairment of reading ability.
Somatostatin cell neoplasm
Somatostatin cell tumour
meningioma of the Skull Base
A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by tumors near the pineal gland, the pituitary gland and the tissue just above it, develops from mismigrational pluripotent embryonic cells that remain in the brain after birth, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells.
central nervous system germ cell tumour
germ cell tumor of the CNS
germ cell tumour of the CNS
A germinoma that has_material_basis_in cells that make sperm and eggs.
Seminoma, Pure
A germ cell cancer that derives_from cells that give rise to egg cells.
A retinal degeneration characterized by gradual deterioration of light-sensing cells in the tissues at the back of the eye and has_symptom vision loss.
Macular degeneration of retina
macular edema
macular oedema
macular retinal oedema
Aldosteronism with hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex
Bartter's syndrome
A renal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in the lining of the proximal convoluted renal tubule of the kidney.
RCC
adenocarcinoma of kidney
hypernephroma
A kidney cancer that derives_from the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule (the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products).
carcinoma of kidney
kidney carcinoma
An adrenal gland hyperfunction disease that results in the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands.
Cushing syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
hyperaldosteronism
cystadenocarcinoma of kidney
renal cystadenocarcinoma
multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma
A renal cell carcinoma that begins in distal collecting ducts of the kidney with a tubulopapillary morphology and intracytoplasmic mucicarminophilic material.
carcinoma of renal Collecting duct
renal Medullary carcinoma
renal carcinoma, collecting duct type
A renal cell carcinoma that is characterized by the development of multiple, bilateral papillary renal tumors.
Chromophil carcinoma of kidney
Papillary renal cell carcinoma
papillary kidney carcinoma
sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma
A renal cell carcinoma that has_material_basis_in cells that appear very pale or clear when examined under microscope.
Clear cell carcinoma of kidney
clear cell kidney carcinoma
conventional (Clear cell) renal cell carcinoma
conventional renal cell carcinoma
renal clear cell carcinoma
Clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma
MESH:C538445 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
An adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells which have clear cytoplasm.
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Mesonephroid Clear cell carcinoma
Mesonephroma
Mesonephroma, malignant
Water-Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Water-clear cell adenocarcinoma
Water-clear cell carcinoma
Wolffian duct neoplasm
malignant Mesonephroma
mesonephroma
inborn renal tubular transport disorder
A renal cell carcinoma that has_material_basis_in chromophobe cell that appear pale when viewed under microscope, but that are larger and display different features than clear cells.
Chromophobe carcinoma of kidney
chromophobe adenocarcinoma
kidney chromophobe
renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe cell
An osteochondrodysplasia that results_in dwarfism which has_material_basis_in abnormal ossification of cartilage in located_in long bone.
Achondroplastic physique
Chondrodystrophia
osteosclerosis congenita
A rhinitis that is an allergic inflammation and irritation of the nasal airways involving sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, itching and tearing of the eyes caused by exposure to an allergen such as pollen, dust, mold, animal dander and droppings of cockroaches or house dust mites.
Non-seasonal allergic rhinitis
Perenial allergic rhinitis
atopic rhinitis
hay fever
pollenosis
seasonal allergic rhinitis
A upper respiratory infectious disease which involves irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose due to viruses, bacteria or irritants. The inflammation results in generation of excessive amounts of mucus leading to runny nose, as well as nasal congestion and post-nasal drip.
runny nose
An influenza that results in infection located in respiratory tract of humans, domestic and wild birds, has_material_basis_in Influenza A virus, which is transmitted by contact with infected poultry. Five strains of avian influenza A viruses (H5N1, H7N3, H7N2, H7N7 and H9N2) are known to cause human infections. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom cough, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom muscle aches, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom neurologic changes, has_symptom pneumonia, and has_symptom acute respiratory distress.
avian flu
bird flu
A muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness.
hypopotassemia
potassium deficiency disorder
A syndrome that is characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, and digits.
oral-facial-digital syndrome
A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that is a located_in the salivary glands.
Pleomorphic adenoma
mixed tumor of the Salivary gland
A salivary gland carcinoma that is characterized by squamous cells, mucus-secreting cells, and intermediate cells.
MEC
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
A syndrome that affects growth, cranial development, hair growth and dental development.
Francois dyscephalic syndrome
Hallerman - Streiff syndrome
Hallermann's syndrome
A hair disease that is characterized by sparse hair on the scalp resulting from abnormal hair follicle development and has_material_basis in mutations in proteins involved in hair growth, division or proliferation of cells within hair follicles.
A writing disorder that involves a deficiency in the ability to write where the writing is distorted or incorrect, spelling difficulty, poor handwriting or trouble putting thoughts on paper.
An amnestic disorder that involves a loss of one's pre-existing memories to conscious recollection.
mesenchymal extraosseous chondrosarcoma
extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
A chondrosarcoma that is located_in exclusively soft tissue.
anal neoplasm
anal tumors
neoplasm of anus
large cell carcinoma of lung
large cell lung carcinoma
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the intestine with the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. Larvae migrating through the lungs cause cough, wheezing and hemoptysis. Bowel or biliary obstruction causes cramping abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Peritonitis, enlargement of the liver or spleen, toxicity and pneumonia are observed when larvae get into the portal circulation.
Ascariasis - roundworm
Ascaris lumbricoides infection
meningioma, benign
Lymphoplasmacyte-Rich meningioma
Lymphoplasmocyte-rich meningioma
Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma
Epidermolytic palmoplantar hyperkeratosis
bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
A biliary tract cancer that is located_in the bile duct.
Ca extrahepatic bile ducts
bile duct tumor
malignant neoplasm of the extrahepatic bile duct
A hepatobiliary system cancer that results_in malignant growth located_in the gallbladder or located_in the bile duct.
malignant tumour of biliary tract
Myomatous neoplasm
Myomatous tumor
muscle neoplasm
muscle tissue neoplasm
neoplasm of muscle
A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that is located_in the intestine.
intestinal tumors
intestine growth
neoplasm of intestinal tract
Ulnar neuropathy
A congenital nervous system abnormality characterized by failed or incomplete separation of the forebrain early in gestation; it is accompanied by a spectrum of characteristic craniofacial anomalies.
Holoprosencephaly sequence
A syndrome that is characterized by an asymmetric distribution of cartilagenous tumors, which may lead to skeletal deformities and limb-length discrepancy. This condition primarily affects the long bones and cartilage of the joints of the arms and legs, specifically the area where the shaft and head of a long bone meet.
DYSCHONDROPLASIA
ENCHONDROMATOSIS, MULTIPLE
Enchondromatosis with haemangiomata
Kast's syndrome
OSTEOCHONDROMATOSIS
Classic apraxia
Ideomotor dyspraxia
Limb-kinetic apraxia
Transcortical apraxia
cervical Lymphadenitis
cervical lymphadenitis
Suppurative lymphadenopathy
An epidermolysis bullosa that is characterized by recurrent blistering at the level of the epidermis secondary to minor trauma, which can cause limited wounds, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, severe infection, among other issues, and has_material_basis_in mutation in the KRT5, KRT14, or PLEC genes, which encode keratin and plectin proteins that provide resilience in skin.
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
Retinal tumor
malignant Retinal neoplasm
malignant neoplasm of retina
malignant tumor of retina
neoplasm of retina
Hereditary Retinoblastoma
A retinoblastoma that develops in both eyes.
ISM
Indolent systemic mastocytosis
A syndrome that is an adverse physical reaction to low levels of many common chemicals.
20th century disease
chemical AIDS
environmental illness
idiopathic environmental illness
total allergy syndrome
A disorder of sexual developement that is characterized by the inability of the cell to respond to androgens in individuals with a karyotype of 46,XY resulting in female physical traits but male genetic makeup.
Androgen resistance syndrome
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome
Feminisation - testicular
Goldberg - Maxwell syndrome
Goldberg-Maxwell syndrome
testicular Feminization syndrome
testicular feminization
A corneal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the cornea.
Intramuscular Angioma
Intramuscular hemangioma
A breast carcinoma that represents a mixed group of malignant neoplasms characterized by the histologic presence of two or more cellular types.
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast
metaplastic carcinoma of breast
carcinoma of extrahepatic bile duct
extrahepatic bile duct cancer
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of skin
Mucoepidermoid skin carcinoma
A globe disease that is characterized by inflammation of the inside of the eye.
soft tissue Perineurioma
Mongolian Macula
A brain cancer that is located_in the infratentorial region.
brain neoplasm, Infratentorial
malignant Infratentorial tumors
meningioma of the Foramen Magnum
Angioma of the skin
Angiomatous naevus of skin
A brain disease that is characterized by low pressure inside the skull, and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid; may occur as a result of an occult or iatrogenically caused leak of CSF into another body cavity; may result in the downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum or Chiari malformation; has_symptom orthostatic headache; other symptoms are related to compression of cranial nerves due to brain sagging.
A brain disease that is characterized by excess accumulation of fluid in the intracellular and/or extracellular spaces of the brain, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom blurred vision, has_symptom seizure, has_symptom coma.
intracranial swelling
wet brain
A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate.
physiological malfunction arising from mental factor
psychophysiologic disorder
psychosomatic disorder
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
epithelioid haemangioma
epithelioid hemangioma
A placenta disease that is characterized by an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta, through the endometrium and into the myometrium.
Multiple system atrophy
Shy-Drager syndrome
A lung cancer that has_material_basis_in tissues of the lung and has_material_basis_in pleural tissues. It is most commonly effects children.
Blastoma of lung
A pulmonary blastoma that derives_from the lung or pleural cavity.
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
A kidney cancer that is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic cells.
intracranial PNET
intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Angiokeratoma
Angiokeratoma of skin
Cutaneous Angiokeratoma
skin angiokeratoma
Diktyoma, malignant
Medulloepithelioma
Medulloepithelioma, central nervous system
Supratentorial PNET
supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor
systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal haematological non-mast cell lineage disease
systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal, hematologic non-mast-cell lineage disease
A reproductive system disease that affects male reproductive organs.
A brain disease that is characterized by a clinical syndrome of either hyperkinetic movement or hyperkinetic movement unrelated to weakness or spasticity.
A xanthomatosis that is characterized by a deficiency in the production of the bile acid, chenodeoxycholic acid that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance and results in cholestanol deposition in the brain and other tissues and with elevated levels of cholesterol in plasma.
Cholestanol storage disease
An autonomic nervous system benign neoplasm that is characterized by the presence of mature ganglion cells and a mature Schwannian stroma and arises from the sympathetic trunk in the mediastinum.
Cavernoma
Cavernous haemangioma
Cavernous hemangioma
A squamous cell carcinoma that contains squamous cells and gland-like cells.
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Adenosquamous cell carcinoma
mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma
A syndrome that is characterized by bone loss (osteolysis) which is often associated with swelling or abnormal blood vessel growth (angiomatous proliferation). Bone loss can occur in just one bone or spread to soft tissue and adjacent bones.
Disappearing bone disease
Gorham disease
essential osteolysis
massive osteolysis
phantom bone disease
Gorham-Stout Syndrome
A carcinoma that derives_from myoepithelial cells.
malignant Sebaceous tumor
malignant neoplasm of sebaceous gland
Subependymal astrocytoma
WHO grade I Ependymal tumor
mixed subependymoma-ependymoma
WHO grade II Ependymal tumor
epithelial ependymoma
astrocytoma of Cerebellum
A pediatric low-grade glioma that is characterized by cells that look like fibers when viewed under a microscope and is located_in the brain.
Piloid astrocytoma
grade I Astrocytic tumor
A salivary gland carcinoma that is characterized by a distinctive pattern in which abnormal nests or cords of epithelial cells surround and/or infiltrate ducts or glandular structures within the affected organ. These structures are typically filled with a mucous-like material or contain abnormal fibrous membranes.
Cylindroma
adenoid cystic cancer
adenoid cystic carcinoma
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Colorado tick fever virus, which is transmitted_by rocky mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni. The infection has_symptom fever for 2-3 days, followed by an afebrile period of similar duration and then another 2-3 days of fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia, and has_symptom fatigue.
Tick fever, American mountain
An extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is located_in lymph node, and has_symptom lymphadenopathy, has_symptom fever, has_symptom weight loss, has_symptom fatigue, has_symptom night sweats and has_symptom cough.
Lymph Node Tuberculosis
Tuberculous adenitis
Tuberculous lymphadenopathy
king's evil
scrofula
A bile duct carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
A bile duct cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
pulmonary hemangioma
An appendix cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
Ca appendix
carcinoma of appendix
A pancreas cancer that derives_from epithelial cells located_in the pancreas.
Exocrine pancreas carcinoma
carcinoma of pancreas
Pancreatic carcinoma, familial
exocrine cancer
A small intestine carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
small intestinal adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma of small Intestine
A small intestine cancer that develops from epithelial cells and is located_in the small intestine.
small intestinal carcinoma
cancer of the small bowel
small bowel cancer
A anus cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the anus.
Ca anus
carcinoma of anus
carcinoma of the Pituitary gland
carcinoma of kidney Pelvis
malignant neoplasm of renal pelvis
malignant renal Pelvis neoplasm
malignant tumor of renal pelvis
renal pelvis cancer
malignant Eccrine tumor
malignant eccrine skin neoplasm
A thymic carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
adenocarcinoma of the Thymus
An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma arising near or at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts.
Klatskin tumor
Klatskin tumour
Klatskin's tumour
Perihilar extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
hilar cholangiocarcinoma
hilar cholangiocellular carcinoma
Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma
An ampulla of Vater cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
ampulla of vater cancer
ampullary carcinoma
carcinoma of ampulla of vater
An ureter cancer that is located_in the ureter.
ureteral carcinoma
An in situ carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.
A bile duct adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in bile duct epithelial cells.
adult primary Cholangiocarcinoma
adult primary cholangiocellular carcinoma
cholangiosarcoma
A gallbladder cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.
cancer of the gallbladder
carcinoma gallbladder
carcinoma of gallbladder
Sclerosing haemangioma
Sclerosing hemangioma
A viral infectious disease that results in destruction located in motor neurons, has_material_basis_in Human poliovirus 1, has_material_basis_in Human poliovirus 2, or has_material_basis_in Human poliovirus 3, which are transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces, or transmitted by direct contact with the oral secretions. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom sore throat, has symptom headache, has symptom vomiting, has symptom fatigue, has symptom neck stiffness, has symptom muscle spasms, and has symptom acute flaccid paralysis.
SCH
A hematopoietic cancer that derives_from the blood-forming stem cells of the bone marrow.
bone Marrow tumor
bone marrow neoplasm
malignant bone Marrow tumor
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
bone marrow disorder
An anxiety disorder that involves discress but neither delusions nor hallucinations.
Neurotic depression reactive type
Neurotic depressive state
Psychoneurosis
depressive neurosis
neurosis
neurotic depression
reactive depression
Nelson's syndrome
An agnosia that results in the loss of the ability to consciously recognize familiar faces.
A myeloid neoplasm that is located in the bone marrow which results in bone marrow being replaced by fibrous (scar) tissue.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia
Aleukemic myelosis
Megakaryocytic myelosclerosis
bone Marrow Fibrosis
myelosclerosis
primary myelofibrosis
A myeloid neoplasm that results_in the overproduction of white blood cells.
Myeloproliferative/Myelodysplastic syndromes
myelodysplastic myeloproliferative cancer
myelodysplastic myeloproliferative disease
myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Actinobacillus ureae, which is a commensal of the human respiratory tract. The pathogen causes meningitis, endocarditis, bacteremia, atrophic rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, peritonitis, and otitis media.
Elephantiasis
Lymphatic edema
Lymphoedema
A movement disorder that causes involuntary tremors, especially in the hands. It occurs alone without other neurological signs and symptoms.
benign essential tremor
essential hereditary tremor
shaky hand syndrome
glioma of the optic nerve
An osteosclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutations in the TGFB1 gene which results_in increased bone density located_in long bone.
Diaphyseal dysplasia
Engelman's disease
progressive diaphyseal dysplasia
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the thyroid.
A hepatocellular carcinoma characterized microscopically by laminated fibrous layers interspersed between the tumour cells. The polygonal, deeply eosinophilic tumor cells arise in non-cirrhotic livers.
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar
Oncocytic Hepatocellular tumor
A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by mesenchymal tumors within the CNS that develops from meninges, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from mesoderm.
Non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumor
Non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumour
central nervous system mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumour
central nervous system mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumor
An endocrine gland located_in the pineal gland located in the brain.
Pinealoma
Pineocytic tumor
malignant Pineal Region tumor
malignant tumor of pineal gland
neoplasm of pineal gland
neoplasm of the Pineal Region
pineal body neoplasm
tumor of the pineal region
benign granular cell tumor
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus.
Ca lower third oesophagus
Ca middle third oesophagus
esophagus cancer
malignant neoplasm of distal third of esophagus
malignant neoplasm of lower third of oesophagus
malignant neoplasm of middle third of oesophagus
malignant neoplasm of proximal third of esophagus
malignant neoplasm of upper third esophagus
malignant tumor of Distal Third of esophagus
malignant tumor of Proximal Third of esophagus
malignant tumor of abdominal esophagus
malignant tumor of the middle Third of the esophagus
granular cell tumor, malignant
malignant granular cell neoplasm
malignant granular cell tumor
Ehrlich tumour carcinoma
Ehrlich's tumor
Ehrlich's tumour
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is transmitted_by contact with the contaminated water or soil. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom respiratory distress, has_symptom chest pain, and has_symptom stomach pain.
Nightcliff gardener's disease
Pseudoglanders
Whitmore's disease
acute and fulminating melioidosis
subacute and chronic melioidosis
A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of phencyclidine (PCP) drugs despite negative consequences.
PCP abuse
Phencyclidine abuse
A disease of mental health that is an abnormal and excessive emotional and behavioral reaction to a life stress that develops within 3 months of a life stress, and which is stronger or greater than what would be expected for the type of event that occurred.
adjustment disease
adjustment reaction
A malignant glioma that is derived from ependymal cells, a type of glial cell, located_in ventricle lining within the central part of the brain.
Ependymal neoplasm
ependymal tumors
mixed Neuroglial tumor
mixed gliomas
SEGA
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in glial-type cells.
CNS ganglioglioma
adult ganglioglioma
childhood ganglioglioma
Cirrhosis
cirrhosis of liver
An organ system cancer located_in the thoracic cavity that develops in the different types of cells within the lungs, as well as less common cancers of the esophagus, the trachea, or the chest wall.
Thoracic tumor
thorax cancer
thorax neoplasm
tumor of thorax
malignant tumor of ear
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by deficiency of copper, causing spastic gait and ataxia, often with anemia and neutropenia, has_symptom imbalance and jerking movements, and has_material_basis_in copper deficiency possibly due to malabsorption or excess zinc ingestion.
human swayback
A nutrition disease that is characterized by deficiency of a nutritional element, such as a vitamin, mineral, carbohydrate, protein, fat, or general energy content.
Cutaneous leiomyoma
leiomyoma of the skin
A leiomyoma that is multiple and diffuse.
A vulvar benign neoplasm that is located_in smooth muscle cells.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, which affects dopaminergic neurotransmission located_in central nervous system, has_material_basis_in Borna disease virus, which is transmitted_by contact with infected oronasal secretions. The infection has_symptom mood disturbances, has_symptom behaviour disturbances, has_symptom cognitive disturbances, has_symptom neurologic disturbances, and has_symptom movement impairment.
Enzootic encephalomyelitis
A connective tissue cancer that located_in the pleura.
Pleural tumor
neoplasm of pleura
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
An arteriosclerosis that is characterized by thickening of the wall of the small arteries and arterioles, caused by deposition of hyaline material in the wall or concentric smooth muscle wall hypertrophy, and results in lumen narrowing and tissue ischemia.
Arteriolosclerosis
endometrial Stromal neoplasm
A nephroblastoma that results_in either bilateral disease or a family history of Wilms' tumour.
Hereditary Wilms tumor
Hereditary Wilms tumour
WT1
hereditary Wilms' tumour
hereditary Wilms' tumor
An artery disease that is characterized by degeneration of the cells composing the aortic wall.
aortic disorder
disorder of the aorta
Obstructive Uropathy
urinary obstruction
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in a deficiency of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase resulting in hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis on fasting due to insufficient fructose bisphosphatase for gluconeogenesis.
fructose 1 phosphate aldolase deficiency
fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency
An ovarian germ cell teratoma that has_material_basis_in a tissue type from one germ cell layer (ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm).
Ovarian Monodermal teratoma
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder that involves deficient or defective glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids.
carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome
An autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system that is characterized by inflammation of nerve roots and peripheral nerves and destruction of the fatty protective covering (myelin sheath) over the nerves. This affects how fast the nerve signals are transmitted and leads to loss of nerve fibers.
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
peripheral demyelinating neuropathy
Capillary Hemangioblastoma
A viral infectious disease that results in destruction of immune system, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted by sexual contact, transmitted by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted by congenital method, and transmitted by contaminated needles. The virus infects helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) which are directly or indirectly destroyed, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The infection has symptom diarrhea, has symptom fatigue, has symptom fever, has symptom vaginal yeast infection, has symptom headache, has symptom mouth sores, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom sore throat, and has symptom swollen lymph glands.
HIV infection
human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease
A sarcoma and malignant tumor of small intestine that is located_in the small intestine.
sarcoma of the Small Intestine
A prostate sarcoma that is located_in the prostate.
leiomyosarcoma of the prostate
A breast sarcoma that arises from smooth muscle cells.
leiomyosarcoma of the breast
A leiomyosarcoma and sarcoma of kidney that is located_in the kidney.
leiomyosarcoma of kidney
A focal dystonia that is characterized by the involuntary, forcible contraction of the muscles controlling eye blinks.
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the intestine.
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the pituitary gland.
pituitary disease
An adnexa disease that is located_in the eyelid.
A ovarian adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells which have clear cytoplasm.
A syndrome characterized by tetraphocomelia, craniofacial anomalies, growth retardation, intellectual disability, and cardiac and renal abnormalities that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in ESCO2 on chromosome 8p21.1.
LONG BONE DEFICIENCIES ASSOCIATED WITH CLEFT LIP-PALATE
RBS
disease of thymus gland
Dental pulp disorder
disorder of pulp of tooth
pulp disorder
Granulosa cell tumor of testis
Granulosa cell tumour of testis
testicular granulosa cell tumour
Gingival polyp
epulides
polyp of Gum
A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns.
Non-organic sleep disorder
A intestinal disease located in the colon.
colon disorder
A liposarcoma that is characterized by the presence of a hypocellular spindle cell proliferation set in a myxoid background and has_material_basis_in chromosomal translocations.
Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
Coin lesion lung
Coin lesion of lung
Pilomatricoma
benign pilomatricoma
Hair Matrix neoplasm
Hair matrix tumour
Pilomatricoma, malignant
Pilomatrix carcinoma of skin
malignant Pilomatricoma
pilomatrix carcinoma of skin
Hb-E disease
Hemoglobin E disease
A biliary tract benign neoplasm that results_in a small firm white nodule with multiple bile ducts that are located_in a fibrous stroma.
Cholangioadenoma
A lung benign neoplasm that derives_from glandular epithelial cells.
adenoma of lung
pulmonary adenoma
A sensory organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the middle ear.
adenoma of the middle ear
adenoma of middle ear
Follicular adenoma, oxyphilic cell
Oncocytoma
Total ophthalmoplegia
oculomotor paralysis
Secretory adenoma of the Pituitary gland
An adenoma that is composed_of epithelial cells admixed with adipose tissue cells.
A hyperopia that is characterized by eyes that do not properly align with each other when looking at an object.
A pancreatic cystadenoma that is characterized by innumerable small cysts lined by bland clear cells.
Microcystic adenoma
A bone formation disease that has_material_basis_in hyperactive osteoclast which results_in abnormal osteoblast bone formation located_in skull, located_in pelvis, located_in vertebral column, located_in set of limbs.
Paget disease of bone
Paget's bone disease
osseous Paget's disease
osteitis deformans
Familial Paget's disease of bone
Xref MGI. MESH:C538098 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A lung carcinoma that has_material_basis_in primitive-appearing cells that are smaller than normal cells and is located_in the lung.
A psychotic disorder that is characterized by recurring episodes of mood fluctuations and a loss of contact with reality.
A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness.
schizophrenia-1
An ovarian disease that is characterized by cystic enlargement of the ovaries and a fluid shift from the intravascular to the third space and has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom nausea and has_symptom vomiting. This disease is an iatrogenic complication of assisted reproduction technology.
secondary Meig's syndrome
An ovarian disease where ovaries do not produce estrogen despite high levels of circulating gonadotropins in women under 40.
hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
premature menopause
premature ovarian insufficiency
primary ovarian insufficiency
dystonic disease
urinary bladder Papillary Urothelial neoplasm
bladder papillary transitional cell neoplasm
Inverted papilloma of urinary tract
Papillary transitional cell neoplasm of the urinary tract
urinary tract inverted papilloma
urinary tract papillary transitional cell benign neoplasm
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Eccrine acrospiroma
Eccrine hidradenoma
Eccrine hidradenoma of skin
Poroma
Clear cell Hidradenoma
Clear cell hidradenoma
Clear cell myoepithelioma
Eccrine spiradenoma
Eccrine spiradenoma of skin
benign eccrine spiradenoma
Papillary Syringadenoma
Papillary syringadenoma
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
A biliary tract benign neoplasm characterized by multiple papillary tumors in the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tree.
bile duct papillomatosis
An ovarian benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial ovarian tissue.
Cystadenofibroma
A synovium cancer which develops in the synovial membrane of the joints.
A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves infestation of lice, which are blood-feeding ectoparasitic insects of the order Phthiraptera.
Infestation by Pediculus
Lice infestation
Louse infestation
Pediculosis + lice
Pediculosis and phthirus infection
Pediculosis and phthirus infections
Pediculosis and phthirus infestation
mixed pediculosis
mixed pediculosis infestation
pediculosis
pediculosis and phthirus infection
A spinal cord glioma that has_material_basis_in cells linking the spinal cord central canal.
Ependymal neoplasm of the Spinal Cord
A nasal cavity carcinoma that has_material_basis_in squamous cells.
squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity
squamous cell carcinoma of nasal cavity
A stomach cancer that is located_in the stomach.
cancer of the stomach
carcinoma of stomach
gastric carcinoma
A lung disease that involves lung parenchyma or alveolar inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). It results from a variety of causes including infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. It is accompanied by fever, chills, cough, and difficulty in breathing.
acute pneumonia
A squamous cell carcinoma that has a solid, closely packed growth of cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, scant cytoplasm, small cystic spaces, and foci of necrosis. It has overlying squamous dysplasia, rare foci of overt keratinization, and/or coexistent keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma.
Basaloid carcinoma
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
An anal carcinoma that arises near the squamocolumnar junction.
Epidermoid anal carcinoma
A squamous cell carcinoma that is located_in the gallbladder.
Epidermoid gallbladder carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder
A teratoma that is composed exclusively of mature tissues derived from two or three germ layers.
germ cell teratoma of Ovary
Microcystic Adnexal carcinoma
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma of skin
Syringomatous carcinoma
A urinary system disease that is located_in the kidney.
nephropathy
A syndrome characterized by overgrowth (macrosomia), an increased risk of childhood cancer and congenital malformations.
VIP- Secreting tumor
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumor
Vipoma, malignant
malignant vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumor
A neuroendocrine tumor that results_in an overproduction of gastric acid.
Gastrin Secreting tumor
Gastrin cell tumour
malignant gastrinoma
pancreatic G-cell tumor
A breast carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of arborescent fibrovascular stalks lined by epithelial cells, grossly forming a circumscribed mass.
Papillary carcinoma of the breast
breast solid papillary carcinoma
papillary carcinoma of breast
solid papillary carcinoma of the breast
An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by too many T-cell lymphoblasts found in the bone marrow and blood.
Precursor T Lymphoblastic Leukemia
T Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia
acute T cell leukaemia
precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
An acute lymphocytic leukemia occurring during adulthood.
adult acute lymphoid Leukemia
pulp calcification
pulp calcifications
pulpal calcifications
A central nervous system cancer that is located_in the spinal cord. It is mostly formed from metastases from primary cancers elsewhere (commonly breast, prostate, and lung cancer).
Intraspinal tumor
malignant tumor of the Spinal Cord
spinal cord cancer
spinal cord neoplasm
tumor of the Spinal Cord
spinal neoplasm
An eye and adnexa disease that is located_in the eye.
A sarcoma and hematologic cancer that derives_from follicular lymphoma.
histiocytic and dendritic cell
meningioma of optic nerve sheath
optic nerve Sheath meningioma
A cervical carcinoma that derives_from squamous cells and gland-like cells.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of cervix
Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
A choroid plexus cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus.
A neuropathy that is located_in one of the twelve cranial nerves.
Cranial nerve disorder
disorder of cranial nerve
A breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm which contains neutral lipids.
An ear cancer that is located_in the external ear.
malignant neoplasm of the External ear
malignant tumor of external ear
An intestinal cancer that effects the long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other.
A breast carcinoma that is characterized by an irregular cribriform growth pattern, nuclear grade I in at least 90% of cells, and absent myoepithelial cells.
Cribriform carcinoma
ductal carcinoma, cribriform type
An eye disease that is located_in the retina.
A syndrome characterized by the higher than normal tendency associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 to develop breast and ovarian cancers in genetically related families.
BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome
A spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia that is characterized by spondylar and nasal changes, with striations of the metaphyses that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance.
Spondylar and nasal Alterations-Striated Metaphyses syndrome
sponastrime dysplasia
spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Sponastrime type
A syndrome characterized by premature aging and age-related phenotypes such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, cataracts, osteoporosis, soft tissue calcification, premature thinning, graying, and loss of hair, as well as a high incidence of some types of cancers and that has_material_basis_in mutations in the WRN gene, on chromosome 8.
Werner's syndrome
adult premature ageing syndrome
adult progeria
visual cortex dysfunction
An aortic valve disease that is characterized by leaking of the aortic valve of the heart causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.
Rheumatic aortic insufficiency
Rheumatic aortic regurgitation
Rheumatic aortic valve regurgitation
aortic incompetence
aortic insufficiency
aortic regurgitation
rheumatic aortic valve insufficiency
Corrigan's disease
Pituitary tumors, Hormone Producing
Somatotropinoma
growth hormone producing pituitary tumor
An adrenal gland cancer that derives_from immature neuroblastic cells.
neuroblastoma of Adrenal gland
mononeuritis of upper limb and mononeuritis multiplex
An optic nerve disease that is characterized the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve.
atrophy of optic disc
Compression neuropathy
Entrapment Neuropathy
entrapment neuropathy
peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome
Pyosalpingitis
A fallopian tube disease that is characterized by inflammation of the fallopian tube.
A nervous system disease that affects the peripheral nervous system.
peripheral nerve disease
peripheral neuropathy
A pancreatic adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in cells with morphological resemblance to acinar cells and is associated with increased serum lipase.
pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
An ovary serous adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed.
serous cystadenoma
pulmonary valve disorder
A cervicitis that is located_in the endocervix.
Mesenchymoma, malignant
Sebaceous neoplasm
A kidney disease that is characterized by the presence of excess proteins in the urine.
Cutaneous Verruciform Xanthoma
Verruciform xanthoma
Verruciform xanthoma of skin
A hematologic cancer and central nervous system neoplasm that is located_in the central nervous system.
CNS hematopoietic tumor
hematopoietic neoplasm of central nervous system
central nervous system hematologic cancer
A mouth disease that is characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues.
Oral cavity Submucous Fibrosis
Oral submucosal fibrosis
Oral submucosal fibrosis, including of tongue
A nephrolithiasis that is characterized by stones composed predominantly uric acid.
An aortic valve stenosis that is characterized by a narrowing of the section of the heart under the aortic valve resulting in left ventricular outflow obstruction.
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PNP gene and characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function.
PNP deficiency
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase deficiency
deficiency of inosine phosphorylase
A lymphoma that begins in cells of the immune system in which different types of lymphoma cells occur at the same time.
A lymphoma that is characterized by having cellular features of both classic Hodgkin's lymphomas and large B-cell Lymphomas.
A breast cancer that arises_from lymphocytes.
Lymphoma of the breast
lymphoma of breast
malignant lymphoma of breast
An ovary adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in endometrial tissue.
Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma
endometrioid carcinoma ovary
endometrioid carcinoma of ovary
ANEMIA HEMOLYTIC
OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. OMIM mapping by NeuroDevNet. [LS].
Spermatocytic Seminoma
Spermatocytic seminoma
primary extragonadal seminoma
Seminoma of testis
Seminoma testis
testicular Seminoma Pure
A coronary artery disease characterized by myocardial cell death (myocardial necrosis) due to prolonged ischaemia.
Myocardial infarct
heart attack
Posterior myocardial infarction
A kidney disease characterized by the formation of stoney concentrations in the kidneys.
Stone - kidney/ureter
kidney stones
Inferior myocardial infarction
A pneumonia in which certain type of white blood cell called an eosinophil accumulates in the lung. These cells cause disruption of the normal air spaces (alveoli) where oxygen is extracted from the atmosphere. It is caused by certain medications or environmental triggers, parasitic infections, and cancer. The most common symptoms include cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and sweating at night.
Pneumonia, eosinophilic
An organ system cancer located_in the retroperitoneal space that is manifested in retroperitoneal space in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum.
malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum and peritoneum
malignant tumor of peritoneum and retroperitoneum
neoplasm of retroperitoneum
neoplasm of the retroperitoneum
retroperitoneal neoplasm
tumor of retroperitoneum
malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum
malignant retroperitoneal cancer
Apocrine tumor
congenital hemolytic anaemia
hereditary hemolytic anaemia
hereditary hemolytic anemia
An anxiety disorder where fear and anxiety are triggered by a specific stimulus or situation.
A phobic disorder involving the specific anxiety about being in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing or where help may be unavailable.
Fear of open spaces
An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress.
panic anxiety syndrome
malignant neoplasm of the peripheral nerve Sheath
Occlusion and stenosis of multiple and bilateral precerebral arteries
occlusion and stenosis of precerebral artery
A phobic disorder that is characterized by an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations.
simple phobia
A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body.
CHF
Cardiac Failure Congestive
Congestive heart disease
Weak heart
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the appendix.
An artery disease that is located in the lungs.
A cardiovascular organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the cerebrovascular system.
An endocrine organ benign neoplasm that is located_in some parathyroid gland.
A benign neoplasm located in the pituitary gland.
A B cell deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of an immunoglobulin subtype. The clinical course and prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the selective deficiency and associated morbidity.
selective immunoglobulin deficiency disease
Juvenile granulosa cell tumor
Juvenile granulosa cell tumour
Juvenile type Granulosa cell tumor
Juvenile type Granulosa cell tumour
juvenile type granulosa cell neoplasm
juvenile type testicular granulosa cell tumour
juvenile type testicular granulosa cell tumor
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the esophagus.
esophageal Ulcer
An ovary epithelial cancer that is characterized by the presence of mucin.
Ovarian mucinous tumor
malignant ovarian mucinous neoplasm
mucinous tumor of Ovary
Paraplegia, lower
An anxiety disorder that has_symptom flashbacks, has_symptom bad dreams, has_symptom frightening thoughts, has_symptom avoidance or has_symptom hyperarousal of PTSD occurring within one month of a traumatic experience as Acute Stress Disorder or ASD.
traumatic stress disorder
Mitral RH valve dis.
Rheumatic disease of mitral valve
Rheumatic mitral insufficiency
Rheumatic mitral valve changes
Rheumatic mitral valve regurgitation
chronic rheumatic mitral valve
disease of mitral valve
rheumatic disease of mitral valve
rheumatic mitral valve incompetence
meningioma of the Jugular Foramen
An immune system disease that results when one or more essential parts of the immune system is missing or not working properly at birth due to a genetic mutation.
hypoimmunity
immune deficiency disorder
immunodeficiency syndrome
An anal canal cancer that derives_from epithelial cells.
anal canal and Perianal gland carcinoma
A bronchial disease that is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. It is caused by bacteria and viruses. The disease has_symptom cough with mucus, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom low fever and has_symptom chest tightness.
CI - Chest infection
Chest infection
acute Bronchitis
chest cold
chronic bronchitis
recurrent wheezy bronchitis
acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis
A leukopenia that is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood.
Lymphocytopenia
A leukocyte disorder that is characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection.
Leucopenia
An ovarian carcinoma that is an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.
A connective tissue cancer that is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells forming nodular patterns and has_material_basis_in mesenchymal tissue.
epithelioid cell sarcoma
A conjunctival disease characterized by an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
Madras eye
An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which develops due to an infection located elsewhere in the body.
Fiessinger Leroy Reiter syndrome
Post-bacterial arthropathy
Reactive arthritis
Reiter disease
Reiter's disease
postdysenteric arthropathy
Corneal tumor
malignant Corneal tumor
malignant neoplasm of cornea
malignant tumor of cornea
neoplasm of cornea
blood protein disorder
malignant Pericardial Mesothelioma
malignant mesothelioma of pericardium
Follicular adenoma
Follicular adenoma of the Thyroid gland
Thyroid follicular adenoma
A gastric adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of a diffuse infiltrate, composed of individual adenocarcinoma cells or groups of adenocarcinoma cells in a fibrous or mucoid stroma.
Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential
bladder PUNLMP
bladder papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential
non-invasive bladder papillary urothelial neoplasm
Oncocytoma of kidney
renal epithelial Oncocytic tumor
A primary immunodeficiency disease that is the result in a mutation of a gene encoding one of the thirty complement system proteins, produced predominantly in liver, which function to defend against infection and produce inflammation.
Complement deficiency
Complement deficiency disease
A dendritic cell sarcoma cancer that effects the follicular dendritic cells.
Follicular Dendritic cell sarcoma
Follicular dendritic cell tumour
A breast adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the clinical appearance of inflammation, with edema and redness of the breast due to pathologic plugging of the dermal lymphatics of the breast with tumor emboli.
Inflammatory carcinoma of breast
Mastitis carcinomatosa
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is caused by a defect in infection-fighting immune cells resulting in individuals with non-functional immune systems.
SCID
combined T and B cell inborn immunodeficiency
carcinoma of Cardia of stomach
adenocarcinoma of Cardia of stomach
adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia
TSH Secreting adenoma of the Pituitary
TSH Secreting tumor of Pituitary
TSH Secreting tumour of Pituitary
TSH producing pituitary tumour
Thyrotroph adenoma
A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by impaired T cell-mediated immunity and impaired B cell mediated humoral immunity.
Congenital Combined Immunodeficiency
combined immunodeficiency
combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency
A disease that has_material_basis_in genetic variations in the human genome.
A myopathy characterized by muscle inflammation.
Inflammatory disorder of muscle
A Human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease that results_in reduction in the numbers of CD4-bearing helper T cells below 200 per microliter of blood or 14% of all lymphocytes thereby rendering the subject highly vulnerable to life-threatening infections and cancers, has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human immunodeficiency virus 2, which are transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk, transmitted_by congenital method, and transmitted_by contaminated needles. Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS.
AIDS
acquired Immune deficiency
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
A chronic lymphocytic leukemia that is characterized by the presence of immature lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow and/or in the lymph nodes.
chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
A demyelination disease that is characterized by severe damage to the myelin sheath of the pons' nerve cells and has_symptom acute paralysis, has_symptom dysphagia, and has_symptom dysarthria.
osmotic demyelination syndrome
A brain disease that is characterized by moderate to severe headaches, nausea, extreme sensitivity to light and sound and intense unilaterial throbbing or pulsing.
migraine disorder
migraine variant
migraine with or without aura
A skin melanoma that is characterized by slow growth of a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin and occurs on occurs on non hair-bairing surfaces including hands and feet, subungual sites, and fingers or toes.
acral lentiginous melanoma, malignant
malignant acral lentiginous melanoma
hypersplenia
An encephalomyelitis characterized by inflammation located in brain and located in spinal cord that damages myelin. It usually occurs after viral infection, but also following vaccination, bacterial or parasitic infection.
ADEM
acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
acute disseminated encephalitis
Encephalitis &/or myelitis
Metanephric adenoma
Dextrotransposition of aorta
Double outlet right ventricle
Double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect
Taussig-Bing syndrome or defect
Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis or atresia, dextraposition of aorta, and hypertrophy of right ventricle
carcinoma of the eyelid
A viral infectious disease that involves reactivation of JC polyomavirus in immune-compromised individuals which causes the loss of white matter (which is made up of myelin, a substance the surrounds and protects nerve fibers) in multiple areas of the brain. The symptoms include hemiparesis, aphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia, cognitive impairment and coma.
PML
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
A hypertension characterized by an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein or pulmonary capillaries.
A syndrome characterized by multiple noncancerous, tumor-like growths (hamartomas) and an increased risk of certain forms of cancer, especially breast, thyroid and endometrium.
Cowden disease
Lhermitte-Duclos disease
dysplastic Gangliocytoma of Cerebellum
multiple hamartoma syndrome
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma
Lipomatous Medulloblastoma
An encephalitis that involves inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection.
epidemic encephalitis
An intestinal benign neoplasm that derives_from fat cells and that is located_in the large intestine.
Lipoma of large Intestine
An ovarian benign neoplasm that is characterized by low beta-hCG levels and is has_material_basis_in glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands.
kuru encephalopathy
A brain disease that is characterized by brain damage resulting from the abnormal folding, clumping and accumulation of cellular proteins in the brain induced by prion proteins.
Prion disease pathway
Prion protein disease
Spongiform Encephalopathy
prion induced disorder
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
An extraosseous chondrosarcoma that has_material_basis_in cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage and is characterized by a marked abundance of extracellular mucoid (myxoid) matrix.
Myxoid extraosseous chondrosarcoma
A musculoskeletal system disease that affects tissues such as skin, tendons, and cartilage.
connective tissue disorder
disorder of connective tissue
An inherited metabolic disorder involving dysfunction of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
inborn errors of purine-pyrimidine metabolism
Polygonal cell Thymoma
Thymoma, cortical
A mature B-cell neoplasm that is composed of plasma cells.
Plasma cell dyscrasia
Plasma cell tumour
Plasmacytic tumor
A nutrition disease that is characterized by an excess of a nutritional element, such as a vitamin, mineral, carbohydrate, protein, fat, or general energy content.
A sebaceous gland disease characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring.
Acne varioliformis
acne vulgaris
frontalis acne
Lymphoma of Heart
A disease of metabolism that is characterized by enzyme deficiency or accumulation of enzymes or toxins which interfere with normal function due to inherited enzyme abnormality.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Metabolic hereditary disorder
inborn metabolism disorder
An endocrine organ benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of the glandular type (adenoma) in the adrenal gland.
adenoma of the Adrenal gland
A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures.
acinar cell adenoma
acinic cell adenoma
adenomas
Adrenal cortical tumors
malignant Adrenocortical tumor
malignant neoplasm of adrenal cortex
malignant tumour of adrenal cortex
neoplasm of adrenal cortex
A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is characterized by defects affecting how white blood cells respond and travel to the site of a wound or infection affecting the immune system.
Congenital leukocyte adherence deficiency
A hyper IgM syndrome that is characterized by neutropenia and a high rate of gastrointestinal and central nervous system infections and that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the CD40LG gene (300386) on chromosome Xq26.
hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
A brain angioma that is characterized by vascular abnormalities that develops from cranial and spinal blood vasculature, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from endothelial cells in and about the vascular lumen.
hemangioma of Cerebrum
A calcinosis that is the calcification or a bony hardening of ligaments in areas where they attach to your spine.
Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis
DISH
Disseminated idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Forestier disease
diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
A syndrome that affects the teeth, nails, hair, and/or skin. It is characterized by absence (hypodontia) and/or malformation of certain primary (deciduous) and secondary (permanent) teeth occurring in association with improper development of the nails, particularly the toenails.
Hypoplastic enamel-onycholysis-hypohidrosis syndrome
Tooth and Nail syndrome
Witkop's syndrome
A myositis that is accompanied by ossification of muscle tissue or bony deposits in the muscles.
Myisitis ossificans
Ossification - muscle
A delusional disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor.
Capgras delusion theory
A bone structure disease that has_material_basis_in displacement located_in set of vertebrae.
A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability affects a person's height, muscles, skeleton, genitals, and appearance of the face.
Aarskog-Scott syndrome
Greig's syndrome
faciogenital dysplasia
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease that is an inherited disorder in which the body cannot properly regulate the number of immune system cells (lymphocytes). It is characterized by the production of an abnormally large number of lymphocytes. Accumulation of excess lymphocytes results in enlargement of the lymph nodes, the liver, and the spleen.
ALPS
Canale-Smith syndrome
MPNST with Rhabdomyosarcoma
MPNST with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation
malignant Triton tumor
malignant Triton tumour
malignant peripheral nerve sheath neoplasm with rhabdomyosarcoma
A syndrome that is characterized by loss of function of the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord that results from ischemia of the anterior spinal artery.
Anterior spinal artery occlusion syndrome
An vascular disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the blood vessels supplying the brain.
CVA
Cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular disorder
stroke
A lymphatic system cancer that affects white blood cells and involves tumor deposits in the spleen.
Splenic neoplasm
malignant Splenic tumor
malignant tumour of spleen
spleen neoplasm
A bone deterioration disease that has_material_basis_in bony spurs, disc degeneration, or thickened ligaments which results_in narrowing located_in spinal cord.
Spinal stenosis of lumbar region
cervical spinal stenosis
lumbar spinal stenosis
An orofacial cleft characterized by a fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion of the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate.
Palatoschisis
small cell carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri
small cell carcinoma of the cervix
A rheumatoid arthritis that involves an autoimmune disease onset in children under 16 which attacks the healthy cells and tissue of located_in joint.
Pauciarticular onset juvenile chronic arthritis
acute juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
juvenile chronic polyarthritis
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
monarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
pauciarticular juvenile arthritis
systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
lymphoma of lung
pulmonary Lymphoma
A movement disease that is characterized by serious and progressive problems with control of gait and balance, along with complex eye movement and thinking problems. It involves gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain.
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome
progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia
A brain disease that is characterized by dysfunctional movement, located_in basal ganglia with_material_basis_in diseased components of the basal ganglia and associated neural circuits.
A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in the pathological aggregation of tau protein in so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the human brain.
A pilocytic astrocytoma that occurs during adolescence.
A liver carcinoma that has_material_basis_in undifferentiated hepatocytes and located_in the liver.
Hepatoma
A liver cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial cells.
Liver and Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma
A germ cell cancer that is associated with an embryo.
embryo neoplasm
embryonal neoplasm
A lymphoma by site that is manifested in immune system cells called lymphocytes.
Peroneal nerve palsy
Enamel Hypoplasia
Enamel hypoplasia
Urothelial papilloma
bladder papilloma
transitional cell papilloma of bladder
urinary bladder Urothelial papilloma
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
Excessive vasoactive intestinal peptide secretion
Verner-Morrison syndrome
pancreatic WDHA syndrome
Sensitive dentin
A myopathy that is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.
mitochondrial cytopathy
A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure.
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction.
A functioning pituitary adenoma that characterized by excess cortisol a primary cause of Cushing's syndrome.
ACTH-Producing Pituitary Adenoma
Corticotroph adenoma
Corticotropinoma
Gemistocytic Astrocytic tumor
Gemistocytic astrocytoma
A teeth hard tissue disease characterized by presence of normal enamel but atypical dentin with abnormal pulpal morphology.
Dentinal dysplasia
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that results_in infection located_in intestinal mucosa with larvae of the nematodes transmitted_by ingestion of raw or poorly cooked saltwater fish, has_material_basis_in Anisakis simplex or has_material_basis_in Pseudoterranova decipiens and has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom nausea and vomiting. Invasive anisakiasis results in the infection of omentum, pancreas, liver, and lung.
Infection by Anisakis larva
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's optic atrophy
mature B-cell lymphocytic neoplasm
A non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has_material_basis_in B cells.
B-cell lymphocytic neoplasm
prostate Oat cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma of prostate
A histiocytic and dendritic cell cancer that derives from the lymph nodes, derives from the skin, derives from the liver, derives from the spleen and derives from bones.
A bone inflammation disease that results_in inflammation in the joints of the spine and pelvis. The disease has_symptom pain, has_symptom stiffness in the spine, has_symptom stiffness in the neck, has_symptom stiffness in the hips, has_symptom stiffness in the jaw and has_symptom stiffness in the rib cage.
Bekhterev syndrome
Bekhterev's disease
Marie-Strumpell disease
An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which attacks healthy cells and tissue located_in joint.
Arthritis or polyarthritis, rheumatic
atrophic Arthritis
De Quervain's thyroiditis
Giant-cell thyroiditis
Granulomatous thyroiditis
Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
Subacute Thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis
de Quervain's thyroiditis
Updating to more specific UMLS_CUI from C0029495 to C0040147.
Cloacogenic anal carcinoma
Cloacogenic carcinoma
An autoimmune disease of blood that is characterized by deficient red blood cells caused by auto-antibodies.
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
An autoimmune disease of endocrine system that involves inflammation located_in thyroid gland caused by the immune system reacting against its own tissues.
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Hashimoto's Disease
Hashimoto's syndrome
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
ANEMIA NORMOCYTIC
Psammomatous meningioma
Fibroblastic meningioma
A breast fibroadenoma that is larger than 5 cm.
Giant Fibroadenoma
Giant fibroadenoma of breast
Stress incontinence - female
female urinary stress incontinence
Astroblastoma
An organ system benign neoplasm that is located_in the kidneys, ureteres, bladder or urethra.
neoplasm of urinary system
tumor of the urinary system
tumor of urinary tract
urinary tract neoplasm
A urinary system disease that is located_in the urethra.
urethra disease
Fasciitis - nodular
Pseudosarcomatous Fasciitis
Pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis
nodular fasciitis
Nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary bladder
An urinary tract cancer that derives_from the tissues of the urethra.
malignant tumour of urethra
malignant urethral neoplasm
urethral Ca
cancer of urethra
Kimura's disease
A disease of anatomical entity that has_material_basis_in hematopoietic cells.
Blood disease
Blood dyscrasia
DISEASE OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS
Hematological disease
blood disorder
disease of haematopoietic system
disease of hematopoietic system
haematopoietic system disease
A syndrome characterized by chromosomal instability, microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, cellular hypersensitivity to X-rays, and predisposition to cancer that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in NBN on chromosome 8q21.3.
Berlin breakage syndrome
Microcephaly, normal intelligence and immunodeficiency
NBS
Seemanova syndrome II
Seemanova syndrome type 2
ataxia-telangiectasia variant
immunodeficiency-microcephaly-chromosomal instability syndrome
microcephaly-immunodeficiency-lymphoreticuloma syndrome
An anthrax disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Bacillus anthracis, which is transmitted_by contact with infected animals or animal products. The infection has_symptom skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, located_in lung lymph nodes or located_in gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Bacillus anthracis, transmitted_by contact with infected animals or animal products, transmitted_by airborne spores or transmitted_by ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals and has_symptom skin ulcer, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom poor appetite, has_symptom bloody diarrhea, has_symptom fever or has_symptom shortness of breath.
A blood protein disease that is characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein called monoclonal protein in the blood.
MGUS
Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves infection of the anus by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis. The major symptom is perianal itching. Infected people experience perianal pruritus and excoriations from scratching.
Oxyuris vermicularis infection
Threadworm infection
Enterobius vermicularis infection
Pinworm infection
oxyuriasis
A hypersensitivity reaction type IV disease that is characterized by absolute lymphocytosis of natural killer (CD3- CD16+) cells often with concurrent cytopenia and has_symptom fever, arthralgia, apthous ulcers, vasculitic skin rash, and peripheral neuropathy.
NK-cell large granular Lymphocyte Lymphocytosis
A pleural cancer that has_material_basis_in mesothelium cells.
malignant mesothelioma of pleura
An intestinal disease characterized by the formation and inflammation of diverticula within the bowel wall.
A bone inflammation disease that involves rupture of the growth plate in children located_in tibia.
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osteochondritis of tibial tubercle
Osteochondrosis of proximal tibia
juvenile osteochondrosis of tibial tubercle
An immune system disease that is located_in the lymphatic system.
Adenopathy
Lymphangiopathy
Lymphatic disease
Lymphatic disorder
disease of lympoid system
disorder of lymph node and lymphatics
disorder of lymphatic system
disorder of lymphoid system
lymphatic disorder
lympoid system disease
acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage
acute peptic ulcer with hemorrhage and perforation
acute peptic ulcer without hemorrhage AND without perforation
Peptic ulcer with perforation
Perforated peptic ulcer
acute peptic ulcer with perforation
A primary bacterial infectious disease that is a sexually transmitted infection, located_in uterus, located_in fallopian tube, located_in urethra, located_in mouth, located_in throat, located_in eye or located_in anus, has_material_basis_in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is transmitted_by contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus or transmitted_by congenitally from mother to baby during delivery. The infection has_symptom burning sensation during urination, has_symptom discharge from the penis, has_symptom increased vaginal discharge, or has_symptom vaginal bleeding between periods.
chronic gonococcal infectious disease of lower genitourinary tract
chronic gonococcal infectious disease of upper genitourinary tract
Complete transposition
Laterality sequence
situs inversus viscerum
A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the stomach.
Gastropathy
stomach disorder
gastric disease
Fibroblastic osteosarcoma
Fibrosarcomatous Osteogenic sarcoma
A parathyroid gland benign neoplam that is located_in the parathyroid.
adenoma of the Parathyroid gland
adenoma of parathyroid
A sarcoma that results_in the formation of numerous sarcomas or located_in various parts of the body.
Macular hole
Amyotrophia
Muscle wasting
Wasting - muscle
A retinal cell cancer and malignant neoplasm of retina and neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors that derives_from the tissues of the retina.
RB - Retinoblastoma
neuroblastoma of Retina
An autonomic nervous system neoplasm that derives_from immature nerve cells.
An aortic aneurysm that is located_in the abdominal aorta.
AORTIC ANEURYSM, FAMILIAL ABDOMINAL 1
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the gastrointestinal tract.
GIT disease
Gastroenteropathy
alimentary system disease
digestive system disorder
gastrointestinal disease
gastrointestinal disorder
A malignant neoplasm that derives_from the retina.
An adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome starting in adolescence exhibiting generalized tonic-clonic seizures as the only seizure type.
Epileptic seizures, tonic-clonic
Grand Mal epilepsy
tonic-clonic epilepsy
epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures
primary intraocular lymphoma
Coats' disease
Coats' syndrome
Exudative retinopathy
A psychotic disorder that involves an uncommon psychiatric condition in which patients present with circumscribed symptoms of non-bizarre delusions, but with the absence of prominent hallucinations and no thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening effect.
A uterine disease that is located_in the placenta.
A chronic kidney disease is characterized by non-functioning kidneys, as the final stage in chronic kidney disease.
end stage renal failure
A kidney failure that is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function.
CKD
CRF
chronic kidney failure
chronic renal disease
chronic renal failure syndrome
renal failure - chronic
A breast carcinoma that is manifested in the female breast.
Mammary carcinoma of female breast
carcinoma of female breast
A histiocytic and dendritic cell cancer that is mainly located_in lymph nodes.
Dendritic cell sarcoma
Dendritic cell sarcoma, not otherwise specified
follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
An ovarian benign neoplasm characterized by solid proliferations of luteinized cells, resulting in a tumor-like ovarian enlargement that regresses during the puerperium.
leuteoma of pregnancy
luteoma of pregnancy
A parasitic ectoparasitic infectious disease that involves infestation of mites belonging to the family Sarcoptidae, Trombiculidae and Demodicidae.
Hypotony of eye
Squamoid Thymoma
Thymoma, epithelial
Well differentiated thymic carcinoma
A vein disease that is characterized by swollen, twisted veins visible just under the surface of the skin.
Varix
Venous ectasia
Venous varices
varices
A thyroid gland disease that is characterized by excess thyroid hormone.
A thyroid gland disease that involves an over production of thyroid hormone.
overactive thyroid
Alveolar adenoma
adenoma of alveoli
adenoma of the alveoli
Haemarthrosis of shoulder joint
Haemarthrosis of the ankle and foot
Haemarthrosis of the pelvic region and thigh
Hemarthrosis involving ankle and foot
Hemarthrosis involving forearm
Hemarthrosis involving hand
Hemarthrosis involving lower leg
Hemarthrosis involving pelvic region and thigh
Hemarthrosis involving shoulder region
Hemarthrosis involving upper arm
Hemarthrosis of ankle and/or foot
Hemarthrosis of forearm
Hemarthrosis of hand
Hemarthrosis of lower leg
Hemarthrosis of shoulder
Hemarthrosis of shoulder region
Hemarthrosis of the ankle and foot
Hemarthrosis of the ankle and/or foot
Hemarthrosis of the forearm
Hemarthrosis of the hand
Hemarthrosis of the lower leg
Hemarthrosis of the pelvic region and thigh
Hemarthrosis of the shoulder region
Hemarthrosis of the upper arm
Hemarthrosis of upper arm
A breast carcinoma that occurs in people who do not have a family history of that cancer or an inherited change in their DNA that would increase their risk for that cancer.
Pineal meningioma
Inverted papilloma of the Frontal sinus
Occlusion and stenosis of carotid artery
A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cocaine despite negative consequences.
A connective tissue disease that is characterized by marked reduction, absence, and/or the redistribution of adipose tissue.
An ischemic bone disease that results_in necrosis followed by regrowth in children and teens located_in bone.
Epiphyseal necrosis
Osteochondrosis
apophysitis
epiphysitis
osteochondritis
osteochondritis juvenilis
An arthritis that involves infection by a pathogen located_in joint.
infectious arthritis
Lymphoma of the gallbladder
benign oncocytoma of the thyroid
malignant melanoma of gallbladder
A connective tissue disease characterized by inflammation located_in the mediastinum, which extends from the diaphragm to the thoracic inlet and between the pleural cavities.
An extrinsic cardiomyopathy that is characterized as an inflammation of the heart muscle.
Myocardial inflammation
A syphilis that is characterized as the third stage of syphilis that develops after the disappearance of the secondary symptoms and is marked by ulcers and gummas under the skin and commonly by involvement of the skeletal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.
late syphilis
Apical periodontitis
chronic pericementitis
A gastrointestinal system disease that involves inflammation of the peritoneum resulting from perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, which produces immediate chemical inflammation followed shortly by infection from intestinal organisms. Peritonitis can also result from appendicitis, diverticulitis, strangulating intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, mesenteric ischemia, intraperitoneal blood, barium, or peritoneo-systemic shunts, drains, and dialysis catheters in the peritoneal cavity. The symptoms include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, fluid in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting and low urine output.
Retractile mesenteritis
acute generalized peritonitis
primary bacterial peritonitis
sclerosing mesenteritis
A mite infestation that is a contagious ectoparasite skin infection caused by human itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis, which burrows into the upper layer of the skin but never below the stratum corneum causing severe itching and a rash found on the hands, folds of the wrist, elbow or knee, penis, breast, and shoulder blades.
Infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei
Infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis
Sarcoptic itch
A lens disease characterized by clouding of the lens inside the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.
A uterine corpus cancer that has_material_basis_in endometrial stroma and smooth muscle cells.
Stromomyoma
mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor
An organ system cancer located_in the ear and characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation of the auditory organs.
A gastrointestinal system infectious disease that involves inflammation and infection of the appendix caused by the blockage of the lumen with a small, hard piece of stool, a foreign body or worms. Mucus backs up in the appendiceal lumen, causing bacteria that live inside the appendix to multiply. The infection has_symptom pain, in the upper abdomen initially and later in the lower abdomen, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting and has_symptom fever.
acute appendicitis
acute appendicitis with generalized peritonitis
acute appendicitis with peritoneal abscess
A complement deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of complement component 3 that increases susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the C3 gene on chromosome 19p13.3, has_symptom recurrent bacterial infections.
C3 deficiency
An arthritis that has_material_basis_in worn out cartilage located_in joint.
Osteoarthrosis and allied disorder
degenerative arthritis
degenerative joint disease
hypertrophic arthritis
osteoarthrosis
An ischemic bone disease that results_in necrosis located_in epiphysis.
OCD
An interstitial lung disease involving inflammation of alveoli and smallest airways (bronchioles) of the lung caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled organic dusts containing microorganisms or proteins, and chemicals. Symptoms include chills, cough, fever, malaise, shortness of breath, loss of appetite and weight loss.
alveolitis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Angiomyolipoma of kidney
renal Angiomyolipoma
Infantile fibrosarcoma
A bone marrow disease characterized by an increased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream resulting in thicker blood and reduced blood flow.
Erythrocythemia
A postgastrectomy syndrome that is characterized by obstruction of the afferent loop that arises after gastric surgery with gastrojejunostomy reconstruction.
Afferent limb syndrome
Postgastric surgery syndrome
Ileus of intestine
A brachial plexus neuropathy characterized by an abnormality, usually caused by disease or trauma, located in the brachial plexus.
Brachial plexus lesions
An intestinal obstruction characterized by abnormal rotation of the intestines.
Twist of intestine, bowel, or colon
Volvulus
familial intestinal malrotation
volvulus of midgut
Intussusception
Intussusception of intestine
Invagination of intestine or colon
A bipolar disorder that involves recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes.
Affective personality disorder
Cycloid personality
Cyclothymia
Cyclothymic personality
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, and anemia, develops_from vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency, has_symptom red chapped lips, painful swollen tongue, sore throat, blurred vision, and fatigue, and has_material_basis_in inadequate intake, endocrine disorder, liver disorder, alcoholism, and dialysis.
vitamin B2 deficiency
A nutritional deficiency disease that is characterized by deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), has_symptom gastrointestinal disturbance, anorexia, diarrhea, dementia, hallucinations, depression, psychosis, and/or non-specific skin changes, and has_material_basis_in deficiency of niacin, often from inadequate diet, malabsorption, or medication side effects.
Niacin deficiency
Niacin-tryptophan deficiency
Pellagra
A syndrome that is characterized by absence or underdeveloped tissue connecting the left and right halves of the brain, infantile spasms and chorioretinal lacunae, which are defects in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
A retinal disease that is characterized by deterioration of the retina caused by the progressive and eventual death of the cells of the retina.
degeneration of retina
A viral infectious disease that results in infection, located in respiratory tract, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus A, has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus B, or has_material_basis_in Influenzavirus C, which are transmitted_by droplet spread of oronasal secretions during coughing, sneezing, or talking from an infected person. It is a highly contagious disease that affects birds and mammals and has_symptom chills, has_symptom fever, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom runny nose, has_symptom muscle pains, has_symptom severe headache, has_symptom cough, and has_symptom weakness.
Influenza with non-respiratory manifestation
Influenza with other manifestations
flu
Morphea
Scleroderma, circumscribed or localised
Scleroderma, circumscribed or localized
circumscribed scleroderma
localised morphea
localised morphoea
localised scleroderma
localized morphea
Whipple's disease
intestinal lipodystrophy
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results in infection, which is characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge sulfur granules, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces israelii, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces gerencseriae, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces naeslundii, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces odontolyticus, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces viscosus, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces meyeri, has_material_basis_in Propionibacterium propionicum, which require a break in the integrity of the mucous membranes and the presence of devitalized tissue to invade deeper body structures.
Actinomycotic madura foot
Actinomycotic mycetema
Actinomycotic mycetoma of foot
Madura foot due to Actinomadura
actinomycotic infection
actinomycetoma
boil
A bone inflammation disease that involves a response to irritation or injury, characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness located_in joint.
Inflammatory disorder of joint
Rheumatic degeneration of myocardium
Rheumatic fever with myocarditis
Rheumatic myocarditis
Rheumatoid myocarditis
active rheumatic fever with myocarditis
acute Rheumatic Myocarditis
acute rheumatic carditis
acute rheumatic myocarditis
Retinal artery occlusion
A placenta disease that is characterized by an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.
Congenital night blindness
A retinal disease that is characterized by difficulty or the inability to see in relatively low light.
A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide.
Updating out dated CUI and removing lung abscess as a synonym.
Retinal Dystrophy
An autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue that is characterized by blisters filled with a watery fluid, located_in skin. The disease is associated with the amount of gluten ingested.
A pyoderma consisting of three forms of skin lesions having either a thick, adherent, recurrent, dirty yellow crust with an erythematous margin (common or superficial impetigo) or lessions which are superficial, thin-walled, and bullous as found in bullous impetigo. The lesions in bullous (staphylococcal) impetigo, which are always caused by S aureus, are superficial, thin-walled, and bullous.
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatosis herpetiformis
Duhring's disease
An autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue characterized by large blisters.
Bullous pemphigoid
Sneddon-Wilkinson disease or syndrome
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis
A congestive heart failure that involves a failure of the right side of the heart and is characterized by an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs.
cardiopulmonary disease
pulmonary heart disease
A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the marrow.
Schilling's leukaemia
Schilling's leukemia
monocytic leukaemia
A pharynx cancer that is located_in the hypopharynx.
Hypopharyngeal cancer
malignant Hypopharyngeal tumor
malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx
malignant tumor of hypopharynx
malignant tumour of hypopharynx
Acid reflux
GERD
GERD - Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Gastresophageal reflux
Gastro-esophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in nerve fiber, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 3, which reactivates after appearing as chickenpox in childhood. The virus is transmitted_by direct contact with the rash, which can develop into chickenpox in newly-infected individuals. The infection has_symptom rash which is followed by blisters, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom itching, has_symptom burning pain, and has_symptom paresthesia.
Shingles
herpes zona
histiocytic lymphoma
large-cell Lymphomas
A connective tissue disease that characterized by connective tissue disease that has_material_basis in inheritable defects in collagen.
collagen disorder
Sezary disease
Sezary syndrome
A syndrome that involves prolonged and severe tiredness or weariness that is unrelated to exertion, is not relieved by rest and for a minimum of six months and is not directly caused by other conditions.
CFS
Myalgic encephalitis
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
Postviral fatigue syndrome
A muscle tissue disease that is characterized by a drastic and uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which overwhelms the body's capacity to supply oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and regulate body temperature.
anesthesia related hyperthermia
malignant hyperpyrexia due to anesthesia
Callous ulcer
Indolent ulcer
A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells.
CML
CML - chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Myeloid Leukemia, chronic
chronic granulocytic leukaemia
chronic granulocytic leukemia
chronic myelogenous leukaemia
chronic myelogenous leukemia
chronic myeloid leukaemia
Pyoderma gangrenosum
A pharynx cancer that is located_in the oropharynx.
Oropharyngeal carcinoma
malignant Oropharyngeal tumor
malignant tumor of oropharynx
malignant tumour of mesopharynx
oropharyngeal cancer
A multiple carboxylase deficiency that involves a deficiency in biotinidase.
BTD deficiency
Juvenile-onset multiple carboxylase deficiency
Late-onset multiple carboxylase deficiency
deficiency of biotinidase
malignant neoplasm of commissure of lip
malignant neoplasm of external Lip, not specified as upper or lower
malignant neoplasm of labial commissure of lip
malignant neoplasm of lip
malignant neoplasm of lip, external
malignant neoplasm of lip, inner aspect
malignant neoplasm of lip, vermilion border
malignant neoplasm of lower lip, buccal aspect
malignant neoplasm of lower lip, inner aspect
malignant neoplasm of lower lip, mucosa
malignant neoplasm of lower lip, oral aspect
malignant neoplasm of oral aspect of lip, not specified whether upper or lower
malignant neoplasm of other sites of lip
malignant neoplasm of vermilion border of lip
malignant tumor of commissure of lip
malignant tumor of labial mucosa
malignant tumor of lip
malignant tumor of lower labial mucosa
malignant tumor of the Lip
malignant tumour of labial commissure
malignant tumour of lip
A viral infectious disease that results_in_formation_of lesions, located_in mouth, located_in face, located_in genitalia, or located_in hands, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 2, which are transmitted_by direct contact with an active lesion or body fluid of an infected person.
Herpesvirus hominis disease
A lymphoma that is marked by the presence of a type of cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell.
Hodgkin disease
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin's sarcoma
Hodgkins lymphoma
stage I Subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma
stage II Subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma
A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation, located in pharynx, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 4 and has symptom fever, has symptom fatigue, has symptom lymphadenopathy, and has symptom splenomegaly.
Filatov's disease
Gammaherpesviral mononucleosis
Monocytic angina
Pfeiffer's disease
glandular fever
mononucleosis
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves failures of carboxylation enzymes.
Pinkus' disease
A colitis that is predominantly confined to the mucosa located_in colon and includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores.
Left-sided ulcerative colitis
malignant tumor of soft palate
malignant tumor of the soft Palate
A mature B-cell neoplasm of B-cells found in the germinal center.
Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Burkitt's tumor
Burkitt's tumor or lymphoma
malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type
small Non-Cleaved cell Lymphoma, Burkitt's type
A multiple carboxylase deficiency that involves a deficiency in holocarboxylase synthetase.
Biotin-(propionyl-CoA-carboxylase) ligase deficiency
Multiple carboxylase deficiency - neonatal onset
An upper respiratory tract disease described as an acute contagious disease caused by Group A bacteria of the genus Streptococcus (especially various strains of S. pyogenes) and characterized by inflammation of the nose, throat, and mouth, generalized toxemia, and a red rash.
Scarlatina
Induratio penis plastica
Peyronie disease
Peyronie's Fibromatosis
A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the oral cavity.
malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth
A sleep disorder that involves recurring bouts of excessive amounts of sleepiness.
primary recurrent hypersomnia
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Measles virus, which is transmitted_by contact with oronasal secretions, or semen of an infected person. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom cough, has_symptom coryza, has_symptom conjunctivitis, and has_symptom maculopapular, erythematous rash.
morbilli
A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system.
A connective tissue cancer that derives_from lymphatic endothelium, and derives_from spindle cells, results_in_formation_of vascular channels that fill with blood cells, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8).
Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma
Corneal Kaposi's sarcoma
Cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma of Heart
Kaposi's sarcoma of anus
Kaposi's sarcoma of central nervous system
Kaposi's sarcoma of conjunctiva
Kaposi's sarcoma of cornea
Kaposi's sarcoma of esophagus
Kaposi's sarcoma of gastrointestinal sites
Kaposi's sarcoma of lung
Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph nodes
Kaposi's sarcoma of palate
Kaposi's sarcoma of penis
Kaposi's sarcoma of skin
Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissue
Kaposi's sarcoma of soft tissues
Kaposi's sarcoma of the CNS
Kaposi's sarcoma of the gallbladder
Kaposi's sarcoma of the prostate
Kaposi's sarcoma, lung
Kaposi's sarcoma, skin
Palate Kaposi's sarcoma
anal Kaposi's sarcoma
cardiac Kaposi's sarcoma
central nervous system Kaposi's sarcoma
conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma
corneal Kaposi's sarcoma
cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma
esophageal Kaposi's sarcoma
gallbladder Kaposi's sarcoma
gastric Kaposi's sarcoma
intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma
lymph node Kaposi's sarcoma
lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma
palate Kaposi's sarcoma
penis Kaposi's sarcoma
prostate Kaposi's sarcoma
pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma
soft tissue Kaposi's sarcoma
African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
CMI - chronic mesenteric ischaemia
chronic mesenteric ischemia
chronic intestinal vascular insufficiency
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the prostate.
PIN III
carcinoma in situ of prostate
grade III PIN
Hemorrhagic duodenitis
malignant neoplasm of tongue
A vascular disease that is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels.
Angiitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 3, which is transmitted_by direct contact with secretions from the rash, or transmitted_by droplet spread of respiratory secretions. The infection has_symptom anorexia, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom sore throat, and has_symptom blisters.
varicella
A vascular disease that is located_in a vein.
A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health.
ENTEROCOLITIS NECROTIZING
Necrotizing enterocolitis in fetus OR newborn
Perinatal necrotising enterocolitis
Perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis in newborn
necrotizing enterocolitis
Chloroma
Extramedullary Myeloid tumor
Granulocytic sarcoma
A carcinoma in situ that is characterized by the spread of cancer in skin and the lack of invasion of surrounding tissues.
Cutaneous carcinoma in situ
carcinoma in situ of skin
A keratosis that is characterized by keratinizing squamous epithelium located in middle ear and/or mastoid, subepithelial connective tissue and by the progressive accumulation of keratin debris with or without surrounding inflammatory reaction.
Mycosis fungoides
mycosis fungoides lymphoma
A leukemia that is located_in myeloid tissue.
Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia
leukaemia myelogenous
leukemia myelogenous
myeloid granulocytic leukaemia
myeloid granulocytic leukemia
myeloid leukaemia
A nervous system disease that is located_in nerves or nerve cells.
A herpes simplex that results_in infection located_in genital system, or located_in rectum, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 1 or has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 2, which is transmitted_by sexual contact. The infection has_symptom sores, has_symptom fever, and has_symptom swollen glands.
Genital herpes simplex
Herpes Genitalis
Virus-Genital Herpes
venereal herpes
Acoustic neurofibromatosis
Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis
central Neurofibromatosis
peripheral Neurofibromatosis
von Reklinghausen disease
Decubitus ulcer is a chronic ulcer of skin where the ulcer is an ulceration of tissue deprived of adequate blood supply by prolonged pressure.
Decubitus (pressure) ulcer
Decubitus ulcer any site
pressure sores
pressure ulcer
bedsore
A carcinoma that is an early development defined by the absence of invasion of surrounding tissues.
A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain.
Multi Infarct Dementia
multifocal dementia
A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in skin, has_material_basis_in Variola virus, which is transmitted by droplets from oral, nasal or pharyngeal mucosa, transmitted by contact with the body fluids, or transmitted by fomites. The infection results in formation of lesions, first on the face, hands and forearms and later on the trunk.
Ordinary smallpox
A pneumonia involving inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria.
Pneumonia due to other gram-negative bacteria
gram-negative pneumonia
A dermatitis that is an inflammatory skin condition resulting in flaky, white to yellowish scales on oily areas such as the scalp or inside the ear, which is caused due to a combination of an over production of skin oil and irritation from a yeast Malassezia furfur. The symptoms include itching, skin lesions and scales, redness, plaques and hair loss.
SKIN SEBORRHEIC
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Seborrhoeic eczema
seborrhea
Erythema infectiosum
Fifth disease
An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers.
Megakaryocytic myelosis
Thrombocytic leukaemia
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Orf virus, which is transmitted_by contact with infected or recently vaccinated animals, or transmitted_by fomites carrying the virus. The infection has_symptom lesions on the finger, hand, arm, face, and penis.
Ecthyma contagiosum
Ecthyma, Contagious
Orf
scabby mouth
sheep pox
thistle disease
An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine.
Crohn disease
Crohn's disease of colon
Crohn's disease of large bowel
Granulomatous Colitis
Pediatric Crohn's disease
MESH:C536215 added from NeuroDevNet [WAK].
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Rubella virus, which is transmitted_by droplet spread of oronasal secretions from the infected person through coughing and sneezing, and transmitted_by congenital method. The infection has_symptom rash on the face which spreads to the trunk and limbs, has_symptom fever, has_symptom lymphadenopathy, has_symptom joint pains, has_symptom headache, and has_symptom conjunctivitis.
german measles
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the breast.
Non-Infiltrating carcinoma of breast
carcinoma in situ of breast
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the lung.
Angina at rest
Anginal chest pain at rest
Impending infarction
Preinfarction angina
Unstable angina
Worsening angina
An intestine carcinoma in situ that is located_in the colon.
carcinoma in situ of colon
stage 0 Colonic carcinoma
A parasitic infectious disease that occurs when part of the body is infested with parasitic worms such as cestodes, nematodes and trematodes.
helminth infection
helminthiasis
helminthosis
worm infection
parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the intestine by Metagonimus yokogawai. The symptoms are diarrhea and colicky abdominal pain. The heart and brain can also be infected.
Infection by Metagonimus yokogawai
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the bile ducts of the liver by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. During the acute phase, manifestations include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria and eosinophilia. Occasionally, infection occurs in intestinal wall, lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and pharyngeal mucosa.
Fasciola hepatica infection
Infection by Fasciola
Liver flukes
Sheep liver fluke infection
An oral cavity cancer that is located_in the salivary gland.
malignant neoplasm of salivary gland
An autoimmune disease that is characterized by a constellation of findings that include elevated antibodies to nuclear antigens, antiphospholipids, low complement levels, ulcers, non-scarring alopecia, renal or neurologic damage, and low white blood cell and platelet counts, has_symptom rashes, fatigue, arthritis, hair loss, seizures, and symptoms related to affected organs.
lupus
A monocytic leukemia where the majority of monocytic cells are promonocytes.
acute Monoblastic Leukemia and acute Monocytic Leukemia
acute monocytic leukaemia
acute monocytic leukaemia without mention of remission
acute monocytic leukemia without mention of remission
acute monocytic leukemia, FAB M5
acute monocytic leukemia, morphology
SK - Solar keratosis
Senile hyperkeratosis
Solar keratosis
actinic (Solar) Keratosis
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Molluscum contagiosum virus, which is transmitted_by contact with the skin, and transmitted_by fomites. The infection has_symptom lesions which are flesh-colored with a pit in the center.
A central nervous system disease characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis).
Devic's disease
Devic's syndrome
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the intestine by Fasciolopsis buski. The symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca and intestinal obstruction.
Infection by Fasciolopsis buski
Infectious Disease by Fasciolopsis
Acne roscea
Acne, erythematosa
retinochoroiditis
A skin disease that is characterized by patches of thick red skin and silvery scales.
Xref MGI. Update outdated UMLS CUI from C00295134 to C0033860.
A variable age at onset electroclinical syndrome characterised by a relentlessly progressive disease course until death.
PME
progressive Myoclonus epilepsy
progressive myoclonic epilepsy
A superficial mycosis that is a superficial fungal infection of the skin characterized by brown to black macules which usually occur on the palmar aspects of hands and occasionally the plantar and other surfaces of the skin, caused by Hortaea werneckii, which is a common saprophytic fungus believed to occur in soil, compost, humus and on wood in humid tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Infection by Cladosporium werneckii
Keratomycosis nigricans
Tinea palmaris nigra
microsporosis nigra
A cutaneous mycosis that results_in fungal infection located_in scalp, located_in glabrous skin, or located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Ascomycota fungi that belong to a group called dermatophytes, which have the ability to utilize keratin as a nutrient source.
A skin cancer that has_material_basis_in melanocytes.
cutaneous melanoma
malignant ear melanoma
malignant lip melanoma
malignant lower limb melanoma
malignant melanoma of ear and/or external auricular canal
malignant melanoma of skin of lower limb
malignant melanoma of skin of trunk except scrotum
malignant melanoma of skin of upper limb
malignant neck melanoma
malignant scalp melanoma
malignant trunk melanoma
malignant upper limb melanoma
A primary thrombocytopenia that involves relatively few platelets in blood as a result of autoantibodies.
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
primary thrombocytopenic purpura
Ideopath thrombocytopenic pur
Idiopathic purpura
werlhof's disease
A specific developmental disorder that involves difficulty in scholastic skills such as reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information resulting from the brain's inability to receive and process information.
Academic skill disorder
learning disorder
gastric atrophy
Cerebral pseudosclerosis
Westphal pseudosclerosis
Westphal-Strumpell syndrome
Wilson's disease
hepatolenticular degeneration
An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by recurrent erosions and lattice line refractile and fleck-like opacification located_in the cornea, amyloid deposits beginning in the anterior stroma, and progressive vision loss later in life, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutation of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene located in chromosome 5q31.1, which encodes keratoepithelin. Abnormalities lead to increased amyloid protein deposition and disruption of the corneal surface.
familial amyloid neuropathy, Finnish type
High risk non proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Severe NPDR
severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
Retinal abnormality - diabetes-related
An aplastic anemia where the bone marrow produces ringed sideroblasts rather than healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes).
ANEMIA SIDEROBLASTIC
Anemia, hypochromic with iron loading
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in rodents, cows, and humans, located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Cowpox virus, which is transmitted_by contact with an infected animal. The infection results_in_formation_of vesicopustular lesions on the hands or face.
yaba
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves metabolic disturbances in the processing or distribution of dietary minerals.
inborn metal metabolism disorder
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in brain and that has_material_basis_in Measles virus which is immune resistant.
Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Van Bogaert's sclerosing leukoencephalitis
subacute sclerosing leukoencephalopathy
A polycystic kidney disease characterized by the presence of multiple cysts located_in the kidney resulting from ciliopathy that disrupts the function of primary cilium, inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
Congenital biliary ectasias
POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY AND HEPATIC DISEASE 1
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Updating outdated UMLS CUI. Removing Caroli disease as a synonym as this is a distinct disease.
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
An uterus carcinoma in situ that is located_in the uterine cervix.
CIN III
CIN III - carcinoma in situ of cervix
CIN III - severe dyskaryosis
Cervix Ca in situ
Severe Dysplasia of the Cervix Uteri
Severe dysplasia of cervix
carcinoma in situ of cervix
carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix
carcinoma of cervix stage 0
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III with severe dysplasia
squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III
A myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by erythroid hyperplasia, myeloid leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and splenomegaly.
Osler-Vaquez syndrome
Polycythaemia rubra vera
Proliferative polycythaemia
A bone deterioration disease that has_material_basis_in gradual dehydration and tears located_in intervertebral disc.
cervical disc degenerative disease
intervertebral disc degeneration
lumbar disc degeneration
vertebral disc disease
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the sudden death of an infant that is not predicted by medical history and remains unexplained after a thorough forensic autopsy and detailed death scene investigation.
Cot death
Crib death
SIDS
Sudden death of nonspecific cause in infancy
Sudden infant death syndrome
An arthritis that is characterized by joint inflammation that usually occurs in combination with psoriasis.
arthritis psoriatica
arthropathic psoriasis
psoriatic arthropathy
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the intestine.
A salivary gland cancer that is located_in the parotid gland.
cancer of parotid gland
malignant neoplasm of the Parotid
malignant tumor of parotid gland
parotid cancer
A peroxisomal biogenesis disorder that is characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of a mutation in the peroxisome biogenesis factor (PEX) genes.
cerebrohepatorenal syndrome
congenital iron overload
peroxisome biogenesis disorder
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the bladder.
Flat CIS of the urinary bladder
bladder Ca in situ
carcinoma in situ of bladder
An inherited metabolic disorder that involves peroxisome malfunction.
peroxisomal disorder
A superficial mycosis that is a chronic, superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia furfur, which is characterized by well-demarcated white, pink, fawn, or brownish lesions, often coalescing, and covered with thin furfuraceous scales.
Infection by Pityrosporum furfur
Pityriasis versicolor
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that is characterized by widespread erythema, peeling, and necrosis of the skin, that is caused by a toxin produced by a bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus (S. aureus). The infection has_symptoms redness of skin, has_symptom fluid-filled blister formation, has_symptom fever and has_symptom irritability.
Dermatitis exfoliativa neonatorum
Pemphigus neonatorum
Ritter disease
Scalded skin syndrome
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, subcorneal type
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted by the bite of sand fly (subfamily Phlebotominae).
Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
post-kala-azar dermal infectious disease by leishmaniasis
Midfacial Necrotising Lesion
malignant granuloma of face
A lupus erythematosus that is an inflammation of connective tissue marked by skin rashes, joint pain and swelling, inflammation of the kidneys and inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart.
Lupus Erythematosus, systemic
SLE - Lupus Erythematosus, systemic
disseminated lupus erythematosus
primary macroglobulinemia
A skin disease that is located_in the sebaceous gland.
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the uterus.
A leishmaniasis that involves skin infection caused by Leishmania species, resulting in one or more cutaneous lesions.
Asian Desert Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Leproid leishmaniasis
diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin or located_in mucosa of genital tract, has_material_basis_in Klebsiella granulomatis, transmitted by sexual contact or transmitted_by contact with the open sores. The infection has_symptom painless genital ulcers.
Granuloma Inguinale
Granuloma inguinale
Pudendal ulcer
donovanosis
pudendal ulcer
A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.
AML - acute Myeloid Leukemia
Leukemia, Myelocytic, acute
acute myeloblastic leukaemia
acute myeloblastic leukemia
acute myelogenous leukaemia
acute myelogenous leukemia
acute myeloid leukaemia
An acquired metabolic disease that has_material_basis_in extracellular tissue deposition of mis-folded proteins called fibrils composed of low molecular weight subunits of a variety of proteins. These deposits may result in a wide range of clinical manifestations depending upon their type, location, and the amount of deposition.
amyloid disease
A herpes simplex that results_in infection located_in skin, effected by preexisting dermatosis, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 1 or Human herpesvirus 2. The infection has_symptom watery blisters, has_symptom fever, and has_symptom swelling of the lymph nodes.
Eczema herpeticum
Herpes simplex dermatitis of eyelid
Herpes simplex eyelid dermatitis
Herpes simplex virus dermatitis
herpes simplex dermatitis
herpes simplex virus eyelid dermatitis
An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the stomach.
carcinoma in situ of stomach
gastric carcinoma in situ
hepatic peliosis
A leishmaniasis that is the most severe form of the disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus, resulting in the infection of the internal organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow. The symptoms include fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen and liver.
Infection by visceral leishmaniasis
Kala-Azar
malignant neoplasm of hard palate
malignant tumor of hard palate
malignant tumour of hard palate
A leishmaniasis that involves a chronic inflammatory process involving the nasal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa, which can lead to extensive tissue destruction, caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. The infection is characterized by granulomatous lesion which can destroy upper respiratory tract mucosa.
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
American cutaneous leishmaniasis
American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, American
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, American
New World cutaneous leishmaniasis
A commensal bacterial infectious disease that results in infection, located in muscle tissue, has_material_basis_in Clostridium perfringens, which produce gas that becomes trapped in the infected tissue. Gas gangrene usually develops after injuries or surgery. The infection has symptom large blisters, has symptom pain in the infected area, has symptom myonecrosis, has symptom gas production, and has symptom sepsis.
Gas bacillus infection
Gas gangrene
Myonecrosis
epithelial hepatic and intrahepatic bile duct neoplasm
An esophageal disease that is characterized by an inability of the esophagus to move food toward the stomach resulting from the lower esophogeal sphincter not fully relaxing during swallowing.
Lack of reflex relaxation of lower oesophageal sphincter
achalasia of cardia
achalasia of esophagus
cardiospasm
esophageal achalasia
hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter
Dermatitis artefacta
Dermatitis factitia
Dermatitis ficta
Factitious skin disease
A syndrome that is characterized by abnormal immune system function and a reduced ability to form blood clots resulting from a decrease in the number and size of blood cell fragments involved in clotting (microthrombocytopenia).
Wiskott syndrome
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Liver
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. Amebic invasion of the intestinal lining causes dysentery, colitis or diarrhea. The infection can also spread through the blood to the liver and, rarely, to the lungs, brain or other organs.
amoebiasis
entamoebiasis
chronic intestinal amebiasis
A bullous skin disease that is characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membranes (mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals).
Dyskinesia of oesophagus
Oesophageal dysmotility
Oesophageal motor disorder
esophageal dysmotility
esophageal motility disorder
A communication disorder that involves difficulty with the act of speech production.
A lichen disease that is located_in skin, located_in tongue or located_in oral mucosa, which presents itself in the form of papules, lesions or rashes.
Lichen, ruber planus
lichen ruber planus
Barrett esophagus
Barrett's esophagus with esophagitis
Barrett's oesophagus
Barrett's ulcer of esophagus
Barretts syndrome
ulcerative esophagitis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in facial nerve, which leads to paralysis of one side of the face, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 3, which reactivates after appearing as chickenpox in childhood. The infection has_symptom vesicular rash of the ear or mouth, has_symptom tinnitus, has_symptom vertigo, has_symptom otalgia, and has_symptom headache.
Geniculate herpes zoster
Herpes Zoster Oticus
Herpes zoster auricularis
Herpetic geniculate ganglionitis
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
Ramsey Hunt syndrome
geniculate neuralgia
nervus intermedius neuralgia
A skin disease that is characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules coalescing into orange-red scaly plaques, islands of sparing, and palmoplantar keratoderma.
Devergie's disease
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
A sleep apnea that is characterized by a malfunction of the basic neurological controls for breathing rate and the failure to give the signal to inhale, causing the individual to miss one or more cycles of breathing.
primary central sleep apnea
central sleep apnea syndrome
A sweat gland disease that is characterized by recurrent vesicles and bullae that develop particularly upon the lateral palms, soles, and fingers and has_symptom pruritis and cracked skin.
Cheiropompholyx
DYSHYDROTIC ECZEMA
Vesicular eczema of hands and/or feet
dyshidrosis
A neuropathy that is characterized by intense, burning pain of affected extremities, severe redness and increased skin temperature.
erythermalgia
A liver disease that is characterized by an accumulation of bile in the liver resulting from a reducted number of liver small bile ducts.
Alagille-Watson syndrome
Arteriohepatic dysplasia
An amyloidosis where amyloid protein progressively deposits in cerebral blood vessel walls with subsequent degenerative vascular changes that usually result in spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic lesions and progressive dementia.
Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hereditary, with Amyloidosis
Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis
A syndrome that is characterized by hypothalamic hamartoma, pituitary dysfunction, central polydactyly, and visceral malformations and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant heterozygous mutation in the GLI3 gene on chromosome 7p14.
A syndrome that is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, polydactyly, multiple dysmorphic features, motor and mental retardation.
ACLS
SCHINZEL ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME
Schinzel syndrome 1
An inherited metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired synthesis and degradation of amino acids.
inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
GANT
GIST
Stromal tumor of gastrointestinal tract
Stromal tumour of gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal stromal tumour
A leukemia that results_in an overwhelming number of tissue mast cells located_in peripheral blood.
A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language.
Wilhemsen-Lynch disease
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
multiple system tauopathy with presenile dementia
pallidopontonigral degeneration
A large intestine cancer that is located_in the colon and/or located_in the rectum.
A syndrome characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest and pigmentation anomalies of the hair, the skin and/or the iris of both eyes.
Waardenburg Shah syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome
van der Hoeve Halbertsona Waardenburg syndrome
Waardenburg, types I and/or II
A pharynx cancer that is located in the nasopharynx, the uppermost region of the pharynx or throat, where the nasal passages and auditory tubes join the remainder of the upper respiratory tract.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
malignant Nasopharyngeal tumor
malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx
nasopharynx cancer
carcinoma of nasopharynx
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves an accumulation of homocysteine in the serum and an increased excretion of homocysteine in the urine.
CBS deficiency
cystathionine beta synthase deficiency
cystathionine synthase deficiency
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves deficiency in histidine.
Disturbances of histidine metabolism
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves a deficiency of one of the enzymes in the urea cycle which is responsible for removing ammonia from the blood stream.
disorder of metabolism of ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinic acid, arginine and ammonia
disorder of urea cycle metabolism
urea cycle defect
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves abnormally high levels of the amino acid glycine in bodily fluids and tissues.
Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia
nonketotic hyperglycinemia
An organic acidemia that is caused by a deficiency of decarboxylase leading to high concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and characterized by an odor of maple syrup to the urine, vomiting, hypertonicity, severe mental retardation, seizures, and eventually death unless the condition is treated with dietary measures.
Ketoacidaemia
branched chain ketoaciduria
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism with the accumulation of homogentisic acid, a toxic tyrosine byproduct.
Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase deficiency
alcaptonuria
deficiency of homogentisicase
An urea cycle disorder that involves a mutated and ineffective form of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase.
deficiency of citrulline phosphorylase
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves an abnormal increase of lysine in the blood.
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves impaired break down of the amino acid tyrosine.
An urea cycle disorder that involves arginase deficiency resulting in elevated levels of plasma arginine.
Arginase deficiency
argininemia
deficiency of canavanase
An amino acid metabolic disorder that involves an abnormally large level of homocysteine in the blood.
A urea cycle disorder that involves accumulation of ammonia in the blood.
CPS I deficiency
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency disease
An amino acid metabolic disorder that is characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), rendering it nonfunctional.
Folling's disease
PKU
maternal phenylketonuria
phenylalaninemia
An eye disease that is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss.
A peripheral vascular disease characterized by blood trapped in the penis that is unable to drain.
Mentulagra
An orofacial cleft that is characterized by a congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences.
Labium leporinum
cheiloschisis
cleft lip, unilateral, complete
complete unilateral cleft lip
hare lip
disease of lips
A communication disorder that involves the processing of linguistic information.
An adnexa disease that is located_in the eye socket.
Procidentia, rectum
A lymphatic system disease that is characterized by inflammation of the lymphatic channels which occurs as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel. It is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep) or Staphylococcus aureus. Lymphangitis is also sometimes called blood poisoning.
Blind spot area scotoma
Enlarged angioscotoma
Enlarged blind spot
Enlarged paracaecal scotoma
Generalized visual field contraction or constriction
Scotoma of blind spot area
Sector or arcuate visual field defects
A disease by infectious agent that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Viruses.
Viral Infection
Viral disease
virus infection
Congestion-fibrosis syndrome
Taylor syndrome
pelvic congestion syndrome
Carotid artery dissection
Dissection of carotid artery
A glucose metabolism disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes
type II diabetes mellitus
A central nervous system disease that is located_in the brain.
encephalopathy
An acute asthma that is characterized by an acute episode with a progressive severity that is poorly responsive to standard therapeutic measures, regardless of disease severity or phenotypic variant.
Asthma with status asthmaticus
Severe asthma attack
Seminal vesiculitis
An eye disease that is characterized by a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.
proptosis
A syndrome that is a chronic unilateral (or rarely bilateral) iridocyclitis appearing with the triad of heterochromia, predisposition to cataracts and glaucoma, and keratitic percipitates on the posterior corneal surface.
Fuch's Heterochromic iridocyclitis
Fuchs uveitis syndrome
Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis
primary iridocyclitis
A tracheal disease which involves bacterial infection of the trachea often caused by Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci that follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. The symptoms include barking croup cough, loud squeaking noise while breathing, scratchy feeling in the throat, high fever, and production of large amounts of pus-filled secretions.
acute tracheitis
chronic tracheitis
A respiratory system infectious disease that involves inflammation, edema, and subsequent obstruction of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The disease is caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies and inhaled irritants. It is marked by episodes of difficult breathing and hoarse metallic cough in infants and young children. Croup is caused by parainfluenza virus (types 1 and 2), Influenza A and B viruses, Measles virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.
Croup syndrome
Laryngotracheobronchitis
acute Obstructive Laryngitis
acute laryngotracheobronchitis
An upper respiratory tract disease which involves inflammation of the epiglottis due to infection. Haemophilus influenzae type B is the most common bacterial causative agent, although some cases are attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae or Streptococcus pyogenes. The infection can cause the epiglottis to either obstruct or completely close off the windpipe. Epiglottitis typically affects children, and is associated with fever, difficulty in swallowing, drooling, hoarseness of voice, and stridor.
acute epiglottitis
acute epiglottitis and supraglottitis
A pituitary gland disease characterized by the decreased secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland.
Pituitary insufficiency
pituitary hormone deficiency
Pituitary hypofunction
An eyelid disease that is characterized by often chronic inflammation of the eyelid, generally the part where eyelashes grow.
A brain disease that is characterized by high pressure inside the skull, the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, has_symptom headache, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom altered mental status, has_symptom papilledema.
Raised intracranial pressure
renal diabetes
A bile duct disease that is an inflammation of the bile duct.
A lipid storage disease characterized by the accumulation of large vacuoles of triglyceride fat in liver cells via the process of steatosis.
Fatty change of liver
Steatosis of liver
alcoholic fatty liver
hepatic lipidosis
A lysosomal storage disease that involves the accumulation of harmful amounts of lipids (fats) in some of the body's cells and tissues.
Lipoid storage diseas
Lipoidosis
inborn lipid storage disorder
lipoidosis
A uterine cancer that is located_in the uterine corpus.
corpus uteri cancer
Exposure keratoconjunctivitis
lagophthalmic keratitis
An external ear disease that involves inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. It can be caused by active bacterial or fungal infections.
swimmer's ear
A syndrome characterized by nail dysplasia and absent or hypoplastic patellae that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in LMX1B on chromosome 9q33.3.
Fong disease
Turner-Kiser syndrome
hereditary onychoostedysplasia
iliac horn syndrome
nail patella syndrome
A central nervous system disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pia-arachnoid meninges. It can be caused by growth of bacteria, fungi, or parasites within the subarachnoid space or by the growth of bacteria or viruses within the meningeal or ependymal cells.
An artery disease characterized by a blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body, e.g. a blood clot.
pulmonary artery embolism
pulmonary embolus
A hematopoietic system disease that is located_in white blood cells.
A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cannabis despite negative consequences.
marijuana abuse
A sinusitis which involves infection of ethmoid sinuses that causes pain or pressure behind and between the eyes, tearing, and headache over the forehead.
ethmoidal sinusitis
ethmoiditis
A syndrome characterized by marked short stature with normal or high serum growth hormone and low serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GHR on chromosome 5p13-p12.
Laron-type isolated somatotropin defect
A syphilis that is characterized as having serologic proof of infection without signs or symptoms of disease.
A viral infectious disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Lassa virus, which is transmitted_by multimammate rat of the genus Mastomys. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom retrosternal pain, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom back pain, has_symptom cough, has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom conjunctivitis, has_symptom facial swelling, has_symptom proteinuria (protein in the urine), and has_symptom mucosal bleeding.
A myeloid neoplasm that is located_in the plasma cells in bone marrow.
plasma cell myeloma
An endocrine system disease that is located_in the adrenal gland.
A ciliopathy that is characterized by impaired function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract (lower and upper, sinuses, Eustachian tube, middle ear) and fallopian tube.
ciliary motility disorder
immotile ciliary syndrome
A bronchial disease that is a chronic inflammatory condition of one or more bronchi or bronchioles marked by dilatation and loss of elasticity of the walls resulting from damage to the airway wall leading to the formation of small sacs on the bronchial wall and impairment of cilia mobility in the lung. Inflammation of the bronchial wall increases mucus secretion which serves as a breeding ground for bacteria. Bronchiectasis is caused by repeated respiratory infections, immune deficiency disorders, hereditary disorders (cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia), mechanical factors (inhaled object or a lung tumor) or inhaling toxic substances.
Polynesian bronchiectasis
Heart predominantly in right hemithorax
Atresia of nares
Imperforate nares
posterior choanal atresia
A candidiasis that involves fungal infection in neonates caused by Candida species. Low birthweight and age, prolonged intravascular catheterization and the use of antibiotic drugs are the principle predisposing conditions for systemic candidiasis in neonates.
Neonatal Candida infection
Neonatal candida infection
Neonatal monilia infection
neonatal moniliasis
A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain of horses and humans, has_material_basis_in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, which is transmitted_by Culex mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom severe headache, has_symptom photophobia, and has_symptom myalgia in the legs and lumbosacral region.
Venezuelan equine fever
A brain disease that is characterized as an acute inflammation of the brain with flu-like symptoms.
A connective tissue disease characterized by inflammation located in the fascia.
A primary bacterial infectious disease that results_in infection located_in intestine caused by eating food contaminated with enterotoxins produced by bacteria, has_material_basis_in Staphylococcus aureus. The infection has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom cramps, and has_symptom weakness.
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Staphylococcal toxaemia due to food
staphyloenterotoxicosis
A ureteral disease characterized by backward flow of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureter.
vesico-ureteral reflux
A hereditary ataxia characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia with or without continuous muscle movement.
Isaacs syndrome
Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Updated outdated UMLS CUI.
A hematopoietic system disease characterized by white blood cells with unusually shaped nuclei that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in LBR on chromosome 1q42.12.
A mouth disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mouth and lips.
A coccidiosis that involves infection of the intestine and muscles of humans and animals caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite of genus Sarcocystis. The symptoms include mild fever, diarrhea, chills, vomiting, muscle swelling, erythema, muscle tenderness,cough, arthralgia, transient pruritic rashes, headache, malaise and lymphadenopathy.
Sarcosporidiosis
A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that has_symptom mild fevers and has_symptom anemia described as malaria-like symptoms caused by a protozoan of genus Babesia, which reproduce in red blood cells and cause hemolytic anemia. They are transmitted by Ixodid ticks or by blood transfusion. Babesiosis is a zoonotic disease.
Babesiasis
Infection by babesia
piroplasmosis
A pathologic nystagmus, present at birth, characterized by involuntary, rhythmic eye movements; oscillations are usually horizontal in direction.
A stomatitis characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers.
Aphtha
Aphthous ulceration
Canker sore
Oral aphthae
oral ulcer
Oral aphthous ulcer
A placenta disease that is characterized by separation of the placental lining from the uterus of the mother.
abruptio placenta
abruptio placentae
A cataract that is characterized by thickening and loss of transparency of the lens with age progression, caused by a multifactorial etiology related to aging.
A cervix disease that is characterized by the beginning of dilation and effacement of a pregnant woman's cervix before her pregnancy has reached term.
A viral infectious disease that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Yellow fever virus, which is transmitted by Aedes, transmitted by Haemagogus, or transmitted by Sabethes species of mosquitoes. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom backache, has symptom headache, has symptom shivers, has symptom loss of appetite, has symptom jaundice, and has symptom bleeding from the mouth, nose, eyes or stomach leading to vomitus containing blood.
Sylvatic yellow fever
Yellow fever, sylvan
jungle yellow fever
urban yellow fever
A bacterial conjuctivitis that is characterized by pain and tenderness in the eyeball and conjuctival discharge.
Gonococcal conjunctivitis
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Inflammation of tendon sheath
Purulent conjunctivitis
Obstruction of gallbladder
A retinal and vitreous disease characterized by ocular inflammation, vascular dropout, large spots of hyperpigmentation, neovascularization of the peripheral and posterior retina, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in CAPN5 on chromosome 11q13.5.
ADNIV
Retinitis proliferans
autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy
proliferative vitreoretinopathy
neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy
An eye and adnexa disease that is located in the vitreous of the eye.
An urogenital tuberculosis that results_in formation of granulomas located_in kidney.
Tuberculosis of kidney
A non-suppurative otitis media and eustachian tube disorder in which the tube is either too narrow or too wide. It can also be cuased by nasal inflammation which leads to inflammatory swelling and obstruction of the eustachian tube, which, in turn, leads to increased negative pressure in the middle ear and improper ventilation.
A respiratory system disease which involves the upper respiratory tract.
A varicose veins that is located_in the pelvis.
Emphysematous cholecystitis is a bacterial infectious disease consisting of an inflammation of the gallbladder characterized by air-filled expansions in interstitial or subcutaneous tissues.
Gaseous pericholecystitis
cardiac aneurysm
An intestinal disease that is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any detectable organic cause.
IBD
Irritable colon
Psychogenic IBS
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of animals and humans by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa or Trichinella britovi. Intestinal invasion causes diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissues can cause periorbital and facial edema, conjunctivitis, fever, myalgias, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and blood eosinophilia. Myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis can also occur.
Trichinella spiralis infection
A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves zoonotic infection of humans by the larvae of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The larvae invade multiple tissues like liver, heart, lungs, brain, muscle and eyes causing various symptoms including fever, anorexia, weight loss, cough, wheezing, rashes, hepatosplenomegaly, hypereosinophilia and ophthalmologic lesions.
Infection by Toxascaris
Toxocara infection
visceral larva migrans
Choroidal degenerations
An autoimmune disease that is characterized by antibody attack of the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure.
anti-GBM disease
anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
A hypersensitivity reaction type III disease that is characterized by inflammation and injury to blood vessels and has_symptom purpura, telangiectasia, blistering, urticaria, and ulcers.
A vasculitis that is characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium or small arteries.
progressive Choroidal Atrophy
Choroidal dystrophy, central areolar
A withdrawal disorder that is characterized by a group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive illegal or prescription drugs while in the mother's womb or postnatally following the discontinuance of drug treatment.
Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn
Far-sightedness
hypermetropia
A strabismus that is characterized the eye which turns inward toward the nose.
Convergence in manifest squint
Internal Strabismus
crossed eyes
labyrinthine hydrops
A vestibular disease characterized by vertigo, low-pitched tinnitus and hearing loss.
Meniere disease
Mnire's vertigo
Otogenic vertigo
An autoimmune disease resulting in the loss of hair on the scalp and elsewhere on the body initially causing bald spots.
Circumscribed alopecia
Fructosaemia
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B deficiency
Fructosemia
hereditary fructose intolerance syndrome
A hypotrichosis that is characterized by a loss of hair from the head or body.
A carbohydrate metabolic disorder that involves a defect in galactose metabolism resulting in toxic levels of galactose 1-phosphate in various tissues.
Galactosaemia
Galactose intolerance
A mitral valve disease where one or both of the cusps of the mitral valve bulge or collapse backward in the left atrium during systole.
Barlow's syndrome
floppy mitral valve
mitral leaflet syndrome
myxomatous mitral valve prolapse
systolic click-murmur syndrome
A muscular dystrophy that involves slowly worsening muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis, and has_material_basis in X-linked recessive inheritance of mutation in the dystrophin gene on chromosome Xp21.
Benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
benign congenital myopathy
A myopathy is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness degeneration.
An atrioventricular block characterized by the presence of conduction system disease of any form, which is diagnosed on or before 28 days of life.
Alopecia mucinosa
Hordeolum is a sequelae of infectious and parasitic disease consisting of an infection of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes. Styes are generally caused by a Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection.
Boil of eyelid
Furuncle of eyelid
Stye
A specific developmental disorder that involves disordered motor skills where coordinated muscle movement is impaired.
An adrenal gland disease that is characterized by failure of the adrenal gland due to bleeding into the gland.
Meningococcal hemorrhagic adrenalitis
A lacrimal apparatus disease that is characterized by longstanding inflammation of the lacrimal passage, and has_symptom pain, increased or decreased tearing, and swelling between the eye and nose.
chronic inflammation of lacrimal passage
An acute inflammation of lacrimal passage that is characterized by inflammation of the lacrimal sac, has_symptom conjunctivitis and has_symptom purulent discharge.
lacrimal mucocele
A glaucoma characterized by elevated intraocular pressure secondary to chronic corticosteroid use, which leads to glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy and progressive vision loss and has_symptom progressive decreased vision, visual field defects, and decreased peripheral vision. Steroid-induced glaucoma is caused by chronic corticosteroid use.
Corticosteroid-induced glaucoma
A acute leukemia that is characterized by over production of lymphoblasts.
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
acute lymphocytic leukaemia
precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
A congenital heart disease characterized by abnormal development of the left-sided structures of the heart.
A uterine disease that is characterized by the presence of blood in the uterine cavity.
Hematometra
A coccidiosis that has_material_basis_in protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The parasite effects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the felid (cat) family. Animals are infected by eating infected meat, by ingestion of feces of a cat that has itself recently been infected, or transmission_by mother to fetus. The symptoms include bilateral, nontender cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and leukopenia.
disseminated toxoplasmosis
A uterine disease that is characterized by the uterine cavity turning inside out as a complication of childbirth.
An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness.
An overnutrition that is characterized by elevated vitamin D, which can subsequently cause high levels of calcium, has_symptom myalgia, fatigue, irritability, nausea, dehydration, polyuria, and nephrocalcinosis, and possibly has_material_basis_in excess intake of vitamin D.
A substance-related disorder that involves the continued use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance.
A substance dependence that involves the continued use of drugs despite problems related to use of the substance.
A drug dependence that is a psychological dependency on the regular use of cocaine.
An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance.
A drug dependence that involves the continued use of hallucinogenic drugs despite problems related to use of the substance.
Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
A tertiary syphilis that results in infection located in brain or located in spinal cord.
late neurosyphilis
A leukocyte disease that is characterized by high numbers of eosinophils which over time enter various tissues, eventually damaging organs.
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
eosinophilia
A glucose metabolism disease that is characterized by abnormally low levels of blood glucose.
Hypoglycaemia
A chromatography technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid and is carried out either in a column or a plane for the purpose of separating mixtures.
A mass spectrometry labeling technique in which peptides or proteins are labeled with various chemical groups that are isobaric, or the same in mass, but which fragment during tandem mass spectrometry to yield reporter ions of different mass.
isobaric labeling
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during).
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation.
The reason for obsoletion is that all proteins are imported into the nucleus via the same mechanism, so the import of individual proteins should be captured with extensions or by GO-CAM models.
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
response to reactive oxygen intermediate
The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.
alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Note that this process most commonly occurs in cis, selecting or skipping exons from the same primary transcript, but it has also been observed to occur in trans at low frequency, at least in some mammals.
alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gs to initiate a change in cell activity.
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs
Combining with the neurotransmitter dopamine and activating adenylate cyclase via coupling to Gi/Go to initiate a change in cell activity.
dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%.
The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
Note that this term is intended for use when a gene product is seen to cause apparent increases in intracellular or extracellular cytokine levels, without specific regard as to whether the increase is due to increased biosynthesis, increased secretion of preexisting cytokine molecules, or increased conversion from precursor molecules.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a steroid hormone receptor into the nucleus.
steroid hormone receptor nuclear translocation
obsolete steroid hormone receptor import into nucleus
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a glucocorticoid receptor into the nucleus.
glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation
obsolete glucocorticoid receptor import into nucleus
The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.
Note that platelets are the non-nucleated mammalian functional equivalent of the nucleated thrombocytes of non-mammalian vertebrates and are sometimes also referred to as thrombocytes. Platelet formation in mammals is covered by the biological_process term platelet formation ; GO:0030220.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
regulation of acute inflammatory response
Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, acting on GTP, involved in cellular and subcellular movement
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation
protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta-adrenergic receptors; the activity involves transmitting the signal to the Gs alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
Where appropriate, also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'.
The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct, manual gene product annotation. Please choose a more specific child term, or request a new one if no suitable term is available. For ligands that bind to signal transducing receptors, consider the molecular function term 'receptor binding ; GO:0005102' and its children.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.)
A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy.
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
A membrane-bound cytoplasmic organelle of the endomembrane system that further processes the core oligosaccharides (e.g. N-glycans) added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into membrane-bound vesicles. The Golgi apparatus operates at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways.
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
regulation of gene-specific transcription
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.
The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
establishment of protein localization to nucleus
protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
The directed movement of chloride into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC.
The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not.
A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane.
G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT begins with activation of a receptor and proceeeds through STAT protein activation by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases. STAT proteins dimerize and subsequently translocate to the nucleus. The pathway ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins.
The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease.
Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).
This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term.
The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms.
cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing
detection of cell density by secreted molecule
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are attached (integrated or loosely bound) to the plasma membrane or cell wall.
The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
This class covers any process that regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that regulate that rate by regulating the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that regulates the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby regulates the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
positive regulation of lipid sequestration
Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
See also the biological process terms 'viral infectious cycle ; GO:0019058' and 'lysogeny ; GO:0030069'.
The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA
Note that this term refers specifically to posttranscriptional mechanisms by which small interfering RNAs down-regulate gene expression. Also consider annotating to other descendants of 'gene silencing by RNA ; GO:0031047'.
Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term.
The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.
Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.
second-messenger-mediated signal transduction
One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events.
A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
signal transduction via phosphorylation event
signal transmission via phosphorylation event
signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.
Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change.
A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass).
The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites in response to their loss or damage.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an adrenergic receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D1 dopamine receptor.
Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a D5 dopamine receptor.
A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses.
Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein, or by increasing the degradation of non-protein-coding RNA transcripts.
gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
production of microRNAs involved in gene silencing by microRNA
production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
A reversible switch of a cell from one cell type or form to another, at a frequency above the expected frequency for somatic mutations. Phenotypic switching involves changes in cell morphology and altered gene expression patterns. For example, Candida albicans switches from white cells to opaque cells for sexual mating. Phenotypic switching also occurs in multicellular organisms; smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibit phenotypic transitions to allow rapid adaption to fluctuating environmental cues.
Mating type switching is not considered a type of phenotypic switching: for mating type switching, consider instead annotating to 'mating type switching ; GO:0007533'.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription.
OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
transcription factor import into cell nucleus
transcription factor transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
The reason for obsoletion is that there is no distinct pathway to import transcription factors into the nucleus.
obsolete transcription factor import into nucleus
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity
down regulation of metalloenzyme activity
downregulation of metalloenzyme activity
negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
negative regulation of catalytic activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections.
Any of the smaller branches of an axon that emanate from the main axon cylinder.
A dendrite arising from another dendrite.
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
negative regulation of membrane potential
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
positive regulation of membrane potential
The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
Viral attachment to the host cell is not part of viral entry in GO because virus attachment does not always lead to viral entry: attachment can also result in the virion being carried by the host cell to another location.
The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
positive regulation of protein stability
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
regulation of transcription factor activity
regulation of DNA binding transcription factor activity
regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
regulation of androgen receptor activity
regulation of thyroid hormone receptor activity
regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place.
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140013 ; meiotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0051321 ; meiotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle.
A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis.
The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle.
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity.
regulation of ubiquitin transferase activity
regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal protein amino acid methyl ester + H2O = protein amino acid + methanol.
protein phosphatase methylesterase activity
protein C-terminal methylesterase activity
Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: RNA (often mRNA) cleavage or mRNA translational repression.
regulation of gene silencing by microRNA
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues.
Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals; in this case, consider annotating to GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or to its more specific child GO:0070266 'necroptotic process'.
A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
ER-associated misfolded protein breakdown
ER-associated misfolded protein catabolism
ER-associated misfolded protein degradation
endoplasmic reticulum-associated misfolded protein catabolic process
endoplasmic reticulum-associated misfolded protein catabolism
proteasomal protein catabolism of misfolded ER proteins
See also the biological process terms 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968' and 'retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol ; GO:0030970'.
ER-associated misfolded protein catabolic process
Any cellular process that results in the specification or formation of a polarized intracellular organization or cell growth pattern that regulates the shape of a cell.
establishment of cell polarity regulating cell shape
An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus VEE
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV 1
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV1
human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1
human immunodeficiency virus type I HIV-1
human immunodeficiency virus type-1 HIV-1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis typus humanus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant tuberculosis
'Klebsiella aerogenes' (Kruse) Taylor et al. 1956
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
Salmonella choleraesuis serotype typhimurium
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:1,2
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for nearly the entire genome of an individual.
A DNA sequencing technique in which the entirety of the individual's genome is sequenced.
A mouse model for human cancer studies in which a human-derived tumor sample is transplanted into an immunodeficient mouse.
A study of the effect of dose changes on the efficacy of a drug in order to determine the dose-response relationship and optimal dose of a therapy.
The determination of the strength of a material, as measured by the ability to produce a specific response. The potency of a pharmacologic substance is measured by the amount needed to produce a certain effect.
The study of the structure of the cells and their arrangement to constitute tissues and, finally, the association among these to form organs. In pathology, the microscopic process of identifying normal and abnormal morphologic characteristics in tissues, by employing various cytochemical and immunocytochemical stains.
The study of tissues and cells under a microscope.
Autoradiographic analysis performed in accordance with specified guidelines that will result in a defined correspondence between the intensity of the autoradiographic image and the amount of radioactivity present in the sample. This permits assignment of a value to the amount of radioactive material in the object under study.
Models of human disease produced through gene knockout methods
A technology used for preclinical research as an alternative to some animal testing. Micrometer-thin slices of various organs are incubated with various experimental compounds for assays involving toxicology, absorption, distribution, and metabolism.
An in vitro assay in which cultured cells are monitored and analyzed for their ability to move into an acellular area of a culture material.
An experimental system in which (usually) human tumor cells are transplanted into immunocompromised mice that do not reject human cells; cells may be implanted under the skin or into the organ type in which the tumor originated. These model systems may be used for drug development and studies of molecular biological mechanisms of cancer.
The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex.
In chemistry and biology, the strength of the attaction between two substances, such as two chemicals, or an antigen and an antibody.
A constant symbolizing the ratio of a dissolved substance in a two-phase system. (from EPA Terminology Reference System)
The amount of time it take for a cessation of bleeding. It is a measurement of the ability of capillaries and platelets to interact to form a blood clot.
A measurement of the time from the start to cessation of an induced bleed.
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force.
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts.
TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics.
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches.
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center.
A quality denoting the lack of an entity.
See documentation here: http://code.google.com/p/phenotype-ontologies/wiki/ModelingOfAbsence
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence.
A length quality which is relatively large.
A length quality which is relatively small.
A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ).
A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of blebbing of the nucleus and DNA fragmentation due to the cell undergoing a specific form of programmed cell death termed apoptosis.
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width.
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent.
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together.
A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s).
An optical quality where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.
An optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking focus.
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up.
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's forming a bundle of aligned anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve.
A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a local accumulation of fluid underneath the surface of the bearer.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's in which bundles of aligned anatomical fibers have become separated.
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center.
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
A quality inhering in a protein or a molecule by virtue of the bearer's having a phosphate (PO4) group.
A quality inhering in a protein or a molecule by virtue of the bearer's lacking a phosphate (PO4) group.
A quality of an physical object that is currently realizing one of its functions.
A quality of a physical object that is currently realizing none of its functions.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably lower than its width.
Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.
The narrow caudal end of the uterus that opens into the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]
The evolution of mammals is associated with radical changes in their reproductive biology, particularly the structure and function of the female reproductive organs. These changes include the evolution of the uterus, cervix, vagina, placenta and specialized cell types associated with each of those structures.[well established][VHOG]
Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs.
Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO]
The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG]
in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4
A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo.
A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism.
this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here
the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages
we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage
A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
The stage of being a sexually mature adult animal.
Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO]
The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type.
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid.
A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO]
relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO]
Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG]
The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism.
The breasts of a female primate's body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's.
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function.
A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm.
(...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG]
The testes are descended in metatherian and eutherian mammals, first transabdominally, then inguinoscrotally
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
changed label and definition to reflect CARO2
An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO]
It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG]
We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion
Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO]
Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO]
The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO)
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells.
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO]
Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo
female organism reproductive system gonad
female organism reproductive system gonada
gonad of female organism reproductive system
gonad of reproductive system of female organism
gonada of female organism reproductive system
gonada of reproductive system of female organism
reproductive system of female organism gonad
reproductive system of female organism gonada
The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth.
The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG]
An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG]
Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream.
Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused [Wikipedia:Uterus]
External genital organs of the female mammal[WP].
The external genital organs of the female, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule of the vagina. [TFD][VHOG]
The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO]
Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO]
Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG]
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993).
Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO]
The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG]
esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995)
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP].
A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG]
Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO]
In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG]
The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454]
An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO].
Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO]
In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG]
As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52)
The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm
The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO]
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO]
System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO]
By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG]
GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO]
Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO]
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO]
The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG]
The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended.
The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors.
A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO].
Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO]
(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG]
In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes
In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine)
In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species
Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus.
Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO]
Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi
Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP]
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates
MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin
An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO]
relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO]
All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]
An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003).
The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.
secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function.
An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP].
Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO]
The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG]
Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988)
A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization.
One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO]
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG]
In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum.
In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz.
Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs.
The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119.
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO].
Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO]
All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]
The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole
suprarenal cortex manufactures corticosteroids; suprarenal medulla manufactures epinephrine and norepinephrine; suprarenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic innervation from the greater thoracic splanchnic n.
Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO].
One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO]
Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach.
Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP].
The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.
A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence.
A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
A time unit which is equal to the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom.
A thermodynamic temperature unit which is equal to the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.
A length unit which is equal to one millionth of a meter or 10^[-6] m.
A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a meter or 10^[-9] m.
A length unit which is equal to 10 [-10] m.
A length unit which is equal to 10^[-12] m.
A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.
A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of a second or 10^[-3] s.
A time unit which is equal to one millionth of a second or 10^[-6] s.
A time unit which is equal to 10^[-12] s.
A time unit which is equal to 60 seconds.
A time unit which is equal to 3600 seconds or 60 minutes.
A time unit which is approximately equal to the length of time of one of cycle of the moon's phases which in science is taken to be equal to 30 days.
A time unit which is equal to 12 months which is science is taken to be equal to 365.25 days.
A unit which represents a standard measurement of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance.
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of rotations in a given time.
A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the number of moles of a given substance per liter of solution.
A unit of concentration which expresses a concentration of 1 mole of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of a molar or 10^[-3] M.
A unit of molarity which is equal to one millionth of a molar or 10^[-6] M.
A unit of molarity which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a molar or 10^[-9] M.
A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-12] M.
A unit of molarity which is equal to 10^[-15] M.
A rotational frequency unit which is equal to the number complete turn in a period of time that equals to 1 second.
A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second.
A time unit which is equal to one thousandth of one millionth of a second or 10^[-9] s.
A time unit which is equal to 100 years.
A time unit which represents the period over which the activity or concentration of a specified chemical or element falls to half its original activity or concentration.
Typically applied to the half life of radioactive atoms but also applicable to any other situation where the population is of molecules of diminishing concentration or activity.
A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture.
A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the mass of a substance in a given volume (density).
For units and further information look under the mass density unit. For a sample of a specific pure elemental substance, the concentration is directly proportional to the density. However, concentration is not proportional to density in general.
A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units.
A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100.
A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
In this scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and the boiling point is 212 degrees, placing the boiling and freezing points of water 180 degrees apart. -40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to -40 degrees Celsius.
A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the acidity of a solution in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+).
A concentration unit which denotes the average cell number in a given volume.
A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 milliliter.
A concentration unit which is a standard measure of the amount of the action of a catalyst in a given volume.
A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one cubic meter.
A catalytic (activity) concentration unit which is equal to 1 katal activity of a catalyst in a given volume of one thousandth of a cubic meter.
A unit of cell concentration which is equal to one cell in a volume of 1 microliter.
A unit of cell concentration which is equal to 1 cell in a well or discrete container of arbitrary volume.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is based on the transfer of energy between two fluorophores, a donor and an acceptor, when in close proximity. The energy transfer is directed from higher-energy donor fluorophore to lower-energy acceptor fluorophore of labeled protein pairs. Target protein pairs are likely to exhibit FRET if they are no more than 10 nm apart.
Homogenous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) is a technology which combines standard FRET technology with the time-resolved measurement of fluorescence. Through this, HTRF eliminates the short-lived background fluorescence. Introducing a time delay (50-150 micro seconds) between the system excitation and fluorescence measurement, which allows the signal to be cleared of all non-specific short lived emissions.
Fluorescence polarization (FP) measurements are based on the assessment of the rotational motions of species. It is used to measure binding interactions. When linear polarized light is used to excite fluorophores, only those aligned with the plane of polarization will be excited. For fluorophores attached to small, rapidly rotating molecules, the initially photoselected orientational distribution becomes randomized prior to emission, resulting in low fluorescence polarization. But binding of the low molecular weight tracer to a large, slowly rotating molecule results in high fluorescence polarization.
Time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) unites TRF (Time-Resolved Fluorescence) and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) principles. This combination brings together the low background benefits of TRF with the homogeneous assay format of FRET. Introducing a time delay (50-150 micro seconds) between the system excitation and fluorescence measurement allows the signal to be cleared of all non-specific short lived emissions. TR-FRET uses lanthanide donors which are fluorophores with long emission half-lives.
time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer
Flow cytometry uses the principles of light scattering and fluorescence from fluorochrome molecules to generate specific multi-parameter data from particles and cells in the size range of 0.5um to 40um diameter.
It is a measure of the number of dead cells in a culture well. We consider it as a subclass of 'percent inhibition', because cell death is induced by inhibition of vital cellular processes and percent cytotoxicity increases as the number of dead cells increases. It can be estimated in the compound treated wells in comparison to vehicle-treated control wells and is expressed as a percent. The compound treatment is preferably performed in a short window of time to avoid masking the effect due to cell proliferation. Compound cytotoxicity is an important parameter to measure when developing potential human therapeutics. Cytotoxicity is determined as a measure of radioisotope (3H thymidine or 51Cr) release, lactate dehydrogenase release from damaged cells, tetrazolium salt and alamar blue reduction, fluorescent dyes that selectively stain live or dead cells, and decrease in ATP content. ATP levels are detected using a luminescence based assay kit such as CellTiter-Glo (Promega). ATP values higher than controls indicate proliferation and cultures with ATP concentrations lower than controls indicate cytotoxicity. Percent cytotoxicity = 100-percent viability
They are the basic repeating units of the eukaryotic chromatin consisting of DNA wound around a histone protein core.
Categorization of bioassays based on the property or process that the assay is interrogating, e.g. ADMET, functional, etc.
ADMET stands for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity. Admet assays are performed for verifying the bio-availability, toxicity, metabolic stability, and drug-drug interaction potential of drugs: They quantify absorption of drugs in the intestine which is dependent on their solubility; distribution which ascertains their binding to plasma proteins, central nervous system penetration; metabolism where the in vivo clearance is monitored; and finally, toxicity in terms of inhibition of liver cytochrome p450 enzymes or hERG which could cause drug-drug interactions and cardiac arrhythmias, respectively.
An assay where the measured signal corresponds to a direct read out of the analyte (e.g. enzyme activity) or an indirect complex response such as cell survival, proliferation, localization of a protein, nuclear translocation etc.
The quality of a biological macromolecule (DNA, RNA or protein), which could either be unmodified' (native) or modified, e.g., methylated, phosphorylated, etc.
A set of instructions, methodology, operations, required reagents, instruments to carry out experiments for the purpose of testing the effect of a perturbing agent in a biological model system, measuring one or multiple effect(s) of the agent facilitated by an assay design method translate the perturbation into a detectable signal to arrive at one or multiple endpoint(s) that quantify or qualify the extent of the perturbation. Bioassay is described by multiple bioassay components: assay format, biology (biological participants in various role and processes), design method, physical detection method / technology, screened entity, and endpoint. Bioassay includes one or multiple measure groups to describe panel, profiling, multiparametric (or multiplexed) assays (assays that measure more than one effect of the perturbagen on the system that is screened).
They are used to express the binding interactions between labeled or unlabeled ligands with protein receptors and include Bmax, Kd, etc.
Scintillation proximity assay (SPA) eliminates the separation step of unbound radioisotopes and is performed using low energy radioisotopes (3H and 125I) as labels, which have short range electron emission. SPA involves the use of microscopic beads which are first coated with a receptor protein of interest and contain a scintillant. When stimulated by the binding of radio-labeled ligand molecules, they emit light, which is detected by the photomultiplier tube. SPA is suitable for high throughput since the protocol has no wash or separation steps.
[EdgeRewiring: BAO v 2.8.14 (April 2025)]
Assay format is a conceptualization of assays based on the biological and / or chemical features of the experimental system. For example assay formats include biochemical assays - referring to assays with purified protein, cell-based - referring to assays in whole cells, or organism-based - referring to assays performed in an organism.
Description of an experiment carried out for the purpose of screening a perturbing agent in a biological system, measuring the effect of the agents using specified technology, and arriving at endpoints that satisfy particular criteria.
The role of a scientist who has designed an assay and requested it to be run at a screening center.
Commonly used statistical parameters for monitoring assay quality include Z and Z' factors. Prior to starting a large screen, and after assay optimization and miniaturization, pilot screens are performed to assess the quality of the assay run and to assess / validate the suitability of a assay for a high-throughput screening run.
The assay stage describes the purpose of the assay in an assay campaign. Assay stage also relates to the order of assays in a screening campaign. For example the primary assay, which is performed first, identifies hits. The primary hits are then confirmed in a confirmatory assay. Subsequent secondary assays are run to eliminate compounds that are not of interest or to confirm hits using an alternate design / technology, or to further characterize compounds. Whether an assay is run in single concentration or concentration response is defined in the class 'assay measurement throughput quality'. For example primary assays are typically run in single concentration with single measurements. However, the NCGC runs qHTS primary assays as concentration-response assays.
The first assay performed in a in a screening campaign. The purpose of the primary assay is to identify hits, which are potentially biologically active chemical entities. Generally in this assay, the perturbagens are tested at a single concentration with only one measurement. It is followed by a confirmatory screen, which can be run at a single concentration with multiple replicates or as concentration-response assay.
Additional assays following the confirmatory stage to confirm the biological activity of chemical entities via a different type of assay or to eliminate certain active compounds based on their mechanism of action, toxicity or activity profile. Secondary assays can also include selectivity and specificity assays.
It is the amount of drug required to saturate a population of receptors and a measure of the number of receptors present in the sample. It is derived from Scatchard plot of binding data. It is analogous to Vmax in enzyme kinetics. The units of Bmax include cpm, sites/cell or fmol/mg. http://graphpad.com/curvefit/fitting_specific_binding_.htm
Kd – is the equilibrium dissociation constant for a drug. It describes the affinity between a ligand (L) (such as a drug) and a protein (P). Ligand-protein affinities are influenced by non-covalent intermolecular interactions between the two molecules such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic and Van der Waals forces. Kd = ([P] [L]) / [PL] The dissociation constant has molar units (M), which corresponds to the concentration of ligand [L] at which the binding site on a particular protein is half occupied, i.e. the concentration of ligand, at which the concentration of protein with ligand bound [PL], equals the concentration of protein with no ligand bound [P]. The smaller the dissociation constant, the more tightly bound the ligand is, or the higher the affinity between ligand and protein. http://www.graphpad.com/curvefit/law_of_mass_action.htm
The physical method (technology) used to measure / readout the effect caused by a perturbagen in the assay environment.
Measure group is used to group and link multiple (different) sets of experimental results to one bioassay. Measure groups thus facilitate the description of multiparametric (or multiplexed) assays, that measure more than one effect of the perturbagen on the system that is screened. It also facilitate the definition of panel and profiling assays, e.g. assays that test compounds against multiple (protein) targets. Compare definition of bioassay. Measure group links to those classes that can vary among different measurements of a panel assay, profiling assay, multiparametric assay, e.g. target, assay design method, physical detection method, endpoint. Measure group is also used to define derived endpoints, for example concentration-response endpoints obtained by curve fitting a set of results from the same compound tested in the same assay at different concentrations.
Binding assays are performed to understand the interaction between two molecules, e.g. perturbagen-protein, protein-protein, protein-DNA, etc.
An assay that measures how defined extracellular cues or stimuli trigger intracellular signaling events that drive specific cellular responses
Qualifies the endpoint as either the exact value (=) or less than (<) or greater than (>) the endpoint value specified. In case of less than or greater than, the endpoint cutoff is often determined manually; for example in a concentration response experiment the tested compound can be inactive at the minimum tested concentration; or a compound can still be active even at the lowest tested concentration.
cytokine-specific antibody bead-based method
The emission of light from a substance that occurs from an electronically excited state which is reached either by a physical, mechanical, or chemical mechanism.
Detection techniques that use the principles of fluorescence, whereby incident light excites a fluorophore which then emits light at lower energy (higher wavelength). The emitted light is typically from the visible portion of the UV-Visible spectrum.
This technology relates to measurement of protein and nucleic acid conformational properties. Proteins undergo changes to their tertiary structure upon heating, binding to perturbagens, other proteins and substrates. Nucleic acids have characteristic secondary structures, which include the B-family of structures, A-form, Z-form, guanine quadruplexes, cytosine quadruplexes, triplexes, etc. Information about conformational properties of protein and nucleic acids can be obtained by circular dichroism spectroscopy, thermal shift, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, etc.
Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light that a sample absorbs. The instrument operates by passing a beam of light through a sample and measuring the intensity of light reaching a detector.
Bioluminescence refers to the production and emission of light by a living organism. Bioluminescence is a naturally occurring form of chemiluminescence whereby energy is released by a chemical reaction in the form of light emission. The chemical reaction can occur either inside or outside the cell, and can be detected using a plate reader or a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera.
Chemiluminescence is the generation of light as a result of a chemical reaction using synthetic compounds and usually involving a highly oxidized species such as peroxide.
For surface plasmon resonance measurements, target protein is immobilized onto a solid surface via covalent or noncovalent interaction. Binding of small molecule compounds changes the refractive index of the immobilized target, which can be detected by optical sensing. Shift in wavelength of light is proportional to mass changes near the sensor surface, with sensitivity to detect mass change being ~300 Da.
This method is used to detect compounds that are bound to the protein targets. The unbound compounds are separated by affinity based, size exclusion, or ultrafiltration methods. The bound compounds are eluted from the protein and detected by mass spectrometry. Based on the separation method, the throughput varies: between 200-2700 compounds can be loaded in each run for separation. Mass spectrometry is used to determine the chemical structure of molecules. The samples are vaporized, followed by ionization and then the mass to charge ratio of the particles is analyzed.
These biosensors employ evanescent waves (surface plasmon resonance, resonant waveguide grating) or interference of light waves to characterize the cellular processes that are taking place at or near the sensor surface: e.g. to study the affinity of a sample to the biological receptors immobilized on the sensor surface.
Upon heating, a protein unfolds and loses the native conformation. Binding of a small molecule can often stabilize the protein conformation, resulting in a higher unfolding temperature. The temperature shift in unfolding can be detected using a fluorescent dye, which is sensitive to the protein environment.
The current clamp technique is used to measure biological voltages such as the action potential of an excitable cell with a microelectrode while keeping electrical current through the recording electrode constant. It can be used for both extracellular and intracellular recordings.
Impedance biosensors measure the electrical opposition of an interface in AC steady state with constant DC bias conditions. This is accomplished by imposing a small sinusoidal voltage at a particular frequency and measuring the resulting current; the process can be repeated at different frequencies. The current-voltage ratio gives the impedance.
The patch clamping technique is refined from the voltage clamp technique, wherein a blunt electrode is placed on the surface of the cell membrane. It is a common intracellular recording technique in electrophysiology that allows either the measurement of current passing through individual ion channels in cells or through whole cells. Suction is applied via the blunt electrode (glass pipette in classical patch clamp technique) to create a high resistance (gigaohm) between the electrode and cell surface. This seal isolates the ion channels within the patch from the rest of the membrane and allows the neurophysiologist to record only from these ion channels.
The voltage clamp technique is used to measure the ion currents across an excitable cell membrane, such as neuronal membrane, while holding the membrane voltage at a constant level. The neuronal membrane contains different kinds of ion channels including voltage gated ion channels. Manipulation of the membrane voltage using voltage clamping allows the current-voltage relationships of these ion channels to be studied.
This technique probes the surface of fluorescently-labeled living cells with an evanescent wave generated by a light beam traveling between two media of differing refractive indices. An incident laser beam is reflected at a critical angle (total internal reflection) when it encounters the interface between a microscope glass slide and the aqueous medium containing the cells. Only fluorophores which are within a few nanometers of the surface are excited, while those farther away are not, making possible the study the interactions at the cell surface.
total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy
Data normalization obtained by dividing the difference of mean of the positive controls and sample measurement by the difference of the mean of the positive controls and mean of the negative control.
Bio-Layer Interferometry is a used for measuring biomolecular interactions. In this technique, the interference pattern of white light reflected from two surfaces: a layer of immobilized protein on the biosensor tip, and an internal reference layer are analyzed. Changes in the number of molecules bound to the biosensor tip cause a shift in the interference pattern, which can be measured in real-time.
It is based on the ability of a transparent substance, such as glass to conduct some of the visible or near-visible light to its interior by means of internal reflection.
The optical grating coupler sensor responds to the change of optical refractive index of the liquid or gas cover medium and to the adsorption or binding of molecules on the surface. The optical grating coupler sensor chip is based on a fine optical grating prepared on a thin waveguide layer carried by a glass substrate. The optical grating couples the light of a He-Ne laser at a given resonance angle into the waveguide layer. This incoupling angle is very sensitive to the presence of adsorbed molecules and to any change of refractive index of the medium covering the surface of the chip. By precise measurement of the incoupling angle, the amount of the adsorbed material can be determined with ultra high sensitivity.
Cells are directly cultured onto the surface of a resonant waveguide grating (RWG) biosensor. The mass redistribution within the bottom portion of cells, mediated by stimulus is directly measured with the biosensor. RWG biosensor utilizes an optical beam with an appropriate angular content to illuminate a waveguide film in which a grating structure is embedded. When this beam is reflected by the sensor surface, the resonant angle dominates in the output beam. The mass redistribution within the sensing volume alters the incident angle. Because of its ability for multiparameter measurements, the biosensor has potential to provide high information content for cell sensing. These parameters include the angular shift (one of the most common outputs), the intensity, the peak width at half-maximum (PWHM), and area of the resonant peaks.
The absorbance of a beam of collimated monochromatic radiation in a homogeneous isotropic medium is proportional to the absorption path length and to the concentration of the absorbing species. Absorbance is a logarithmic measure of the amount of light (at a specific wavelength) that is absorbed when passing through a sample. A= -log10(I/I0), where A is absorbance, I is the intensity of incident light and I0 is the intensity of light transmitted after passing through the sample.
The transmittance of a sample is the ratio of the intensity of the light that has passed through the sample to the intensity of the light when it entered the sample (T = Iout / Iin ). To convert between the absorbance and transmittance scales, the following equation is used: A = -log T = - log (I / Io).
The role of a compound that is routinely run in the same manner as the test compounds in every run of the assay. This term does not refer to the plate controls used to define the maximum and minimum responses, and they may or may not be a “literature standard” or “reference” compound.
In a viable cell, the phospholipid, phosphatidyl serine (PS) is localized on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane facing the cytosol. When the cell is undergoing apoptosis, the cell membrane loses its phospholipid asymmetry and exposes PS on the outer layer of the membrane. Annexin V specifically binds PS. Hence, apoptotic cells can be detected by staining with FITC conjugated Annexin V followed by flow cytometry.
This refers to the effect of the perturbagen on the target of an assay, whether it brings about inhibition, activation, cytotoxicity, etc.
Two kinds of inference errors can occur after screening at single perturbagen concentration: false positives and false negatives. To correct for this, the raw data is normalized using different statistical correction methods, namely, normalized percent distribution, Z-score, B-score, etc to derive at these endpoints.
It is the definite magnitude of a physical quantity or of time. It has a quantity and a unit associated with it.
It is the role played by the solvent (e.g. DMSO) in which the perturbagen was dissolved. The negative control is used to determine the base-line to compare the effect of the test perturbagen.
The role of a chemical compound or reagent used in each plate of an assay to normalize the response of the test perturbagens (by plate). Compounds that can have a positive control role are known from previous experiments or is a previously established standard. It is usually highly active resulting in a strong response of the intended effect. In an inhibition assay the positive control would usually result in the complete inhibition, which is then used for normalization (i.e. set as 100%). In an activation assay it would be activator used to normalize activity. Using controls provides an external reference and reduces the number of false negatives and false positives.
Percent increase or decrease of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
Data measuring the biological effect of a compound, e.g. % cell death, activation of reporter gene expression, inhibition of enzyme activity, etc.
In this assay, the binding of the ligand to a receptor is permanent and cannot be dissociated by changing the binding conditions such as buffer, salt concentration, etc.
In this assay, the interaction of the ligand with a receptor can be dissociated by changing the binding conditions, e.g. buffer, salt concentration, etc.
Increase of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
A quality of a DNA or RNA residue that has a methyl group attached to it.
The phenotype of an organism that is most common in nature and was unmodified.
It is the toxic or cell-death inducing property of a perturbagen. Known cytotoxic agents mediate cell death commonly by necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy. Cytotoxicity can be detected by measuring various aspects of the death process: e.g. membrane permeability, ATP concentration, DNA fragmentation, etc.
Reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
Growth reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay. As a measure of viable or proliferating cells, different researchers measure different parameters, namely, protein content (by sulforhodamine B staining followed by absorbance measurement), mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide, known as MTT staining followed by absorbance measurement), expression of proliferation associated antigens (by immunostaining for Ki-67), and ATP content (by using CellTiter-Glo reagent (Promega) followed by luminescence measurement.
% growth reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
The concentration of a perturbagen used in an assay to elicit the biological effect or perturbation. This typically assumes uniform / equal distribution of the perturbagen / compound in the assay system (typically a screening well).
It is the quality which allows a microorganism to survive after exposure to one or more antibiotics.
Assays in which the physical and chemical properties of perturbagens are measured, namely, aqueous solubility, octanol water partition, cell permeability models, for e.g. Caco2 cells, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), etc.
Endpoint action correlation describes weather a low or high endpoint value corresponds to low or high activity. Specifically if the endpoint value is positively or inversely correlated with the action that corresponds to the endpoint and which is specified as 'mode of action'. For example 'percent control' can be positively correlated with enzyme activity (remaining activity) and inversely correlated with the mode of action (function) inhibition depending on how the signal is normalized.
The role played by a cell line in supporting the growth of another cell line (e.g., stem cell). The feeder cell, e.g., mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) provides an adhesive surface to which the stem cells can attach and also secrete factors required for their growth.
It is an interaction between a protein (e.g., receptor, transcription factor) and small molecule (e.g., hormone, organic compound with a low molecular weight (<800 Da)).
protein-small molecule interaction assay
The liquid broth used to grow cells, which is optimized for each cell type and includes additives such as growth factors, buffers, amino acids, antibiotics, etc. This information can be obtained from ATCC or found in relevant publications.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common organic solvent that is used to solubilize the chemical compounds prior to their addition to an assay. DMSO can have a significant impact on enzyme activity and the concentration of DMSO in the wells containing compound should be identical to the concentration of DMSO in the control wells. DMSO can also impact the solubility of a compound and its observed potency. Therefore, the concentration of DMSO should be consistent in replicate experiments.
Binding reporter technology is used to quantitate the interactions between two molecules, e.g. perturbagen-protein, protein-protein, protein-DNA, etc. The technologies used are radioligand binding, resonance energy transfer, fluorescence polarization, protein fragment complementation assay, and several label-free methods, including surface plasmon resonance, impedance, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, isothermal titration calorimetry, mass spectrometry, etc.
It describes the different methods by which an enzyme activity can be measured and the ways it is expressed. This can be measured either directly or coupled to a secondary signal.
Inducible reporter technologies involve the use of a reporter gene to study the effect of perturbagens on gene expression. Some reporter genes can be easily detected, e.g. green fluorescence protein, and others function as selectable markers, e.g. antibiotic resistance.
The technologies used to measure the distribution of organelles and molecules within the cell (proteins, second messengers, metal ions, dyes, etc). This is generally visualized by microscopy.
molecular redistribution determination method
Compound cytotoxicity is an important parameter to measure when developing potential human therapeutics. Cytotoxicity is determined as a measure of radioisotope (3H thymidine or 51Cr) release, lactate dehydrogenase release from damaged cells, tetrazolium salt and alamar blue reduction, fluorescent dyes that selectively stain live or dead cells, and decrease in ATP content. The viability reporter technologies measure cell life or death by quantitating ATP content, caspase activity, membrane potential, and so on.
In situ refers to in place or position; undisturbed with respect to the antigen that is being tested in the immunoassay. The protein detection and localization is achieved by visualization under a microscope.
It measures the concentration of a substance in a solution based on the specific binding of an antibody to that substance, which produces a measurable signal. The signal measured depends on the label that is associated with this interaction, namely radioactive element (in radioimmunoassays), fluorescent, phosphorescent and chemiluminescent dyes, etc.
This technology measures the interaction of two molecules bioconjugated to donor and acceptor beads. Laser excitation leads to light emission which is directly proportional to the amount of binding, provided molecules are in proximity to cause a chemical reaction (interact). Users have modified this and coupled it to chemiluminescence emission. This technology has been adapted to study protein-protein, protein-DNA and receptor-ligand, immunoassay, phosphorylation and protease reactions.
A competitive binding assay is based upon the competition of labeled and unlabeled ligand for a limited number of antibody binding sites. Briefly, the free antigen and antibody are incubated to form antigen-antibody complex and then the complex are bound to antigen-coated surface in the assay plate. The unbound antibody-antigen complex is washed off before adding enzyme-linked secondary antibody against the primary antibody. The substrate is then added and the antigen concentration can then be determined by the signal strength elicited by the enzyme-substrate reaction. In this assay, the enzyme-linked secondary antibody compete with the sample antigen which is associated with the primary antibody.
Oligonucleotides are immobilized by spotting on a solid support, such as a glass slide. They are hybridized with labeled nucleic acids from a sample and the signals measured, which reflects the composition of the sample nucleic acids. This is performed to either quantify gene expression or genomic profiling to understand genetic variation in humans.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA is used to detect the presence of a particular protein, either an antigen or antibody in the sample such as a body fluid.
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method of scientific experiment which is used in drug discovery. It involves large scale screening of perturbagens against a biological target and requires robotics, liquid handling devices, sensitive detectors and data processing. The results of these experiments provide starting points for drug design or understanding the role of a specific biological process. In HTS, greater than 100,000 compounds are screened per assay.
An antigen-down immunoassay or immunometric assay involves binding the antigen to a solid surface instead of an antibody. Antigen-down immunoassays are used to bind antibodies found in a sample. When the sample is added (such as human serum), the antibodies (IgE for example) from the sample bind to the antigen coated on the plate.
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst for specific biochemical reaction, converting specific substrates into chemically distinct products. Enzyme activity assays quantify the kinetics of the product formation or substrate depletion in the reaction, which result in fluorescence, luminescence or colorimetric outputs.
direct enzyme activity measurement method
An oxidative enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of luciferin to oxyluciferin with the concomitant emission of light (luminescence).
This technology is used to measure the effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity, which is coupled to a secondary signal. E.g., the activity of a kinase determines the residual pool of ATP, with ATP being its substrate, which in turn determines the rate of a coupled enzyme luciferase, since ATP is one of its substrates too.
coupled enzyme activity measurement method
Percent control is the response relative to a reference state, typically to a high control. For example it can describe (remaining) activity of a kinase (or e.g. kinase bound to substrate). Percent control could also quantify an inhibitory action depending on control and assay method.
Beta galactosidase gene is attached to the regulatory sequence of a gene of interest. The effect of a perturbagen on the expression of the gene of interest could be easily monitored by the detection of the product of beta galactosidase enzyme.
Beta lactamase gene is attached to the regulatory sequence of a gene of interest. The effect of a perturbagen on the expression of the gene of interest could be easily monitored by the detection of the product of beta lactamase enzyme.
Luciferase gene is attached to the regulatory sequence of a gene of interest. The effect of a perturbagen on the expression of the gene of interest could be easily measured by the detection of light emitted as a product the luciferase reaction.
Fluorescent proteins are commonly used as reporter genes to study the effect of perturbagens on gene expression. Examples include green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and the various modifications of it created by amino acid substitutions to either optimize the codon usage in mammalian cells or to change the spectral properties of the protein.
The role played by the substrate, which is titrated without inhibitor to reflect the maximum enzyme activity at each substrate concentration.
Cell viability can be assessed by the presence of cytoplasmic esterases that cleave a lipid-soluble nonfluorescent probe to yield a fluorescent product. The product is charged and is thus retained within the cell if the membrane is intact. Typical probes include fluorescein diacetate (FDA), carboxyfluorescein, and calcein.
Chromatin condensation is one of the morphological changes that occur during apoptosis. It is also known as pyknosis and can be visualized by staining with dyes followed by microscopy.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to analyze protein-small molecule interactions. This binding interaction is commonly monitored by the chemical shift of the compound. With this technique, both the binding interaction and bound compounds can be detected, which allows pools of 5-100 compounds to be tested for binding.
Circular dichroism (CD) is a technology for assessing interactions of chiral molecules with circularly polarized electromagnetic rays. Secondary and tertiary structure of proteins will impart a distinct CD to that molecule allowing the use of CD to examine the protein folding under different conditions. Information about conformational properties of nucleic acids can be obtained by CD spectroscopy.
Metal ions such as copper, iron, magnesium and zinc are transported between different cellular compartments to bring about specific functions. This is regulated by their influx and efflux across membranes, which could occur either by passive diffusion or active transport.
Electrical sensors are used to measure the electrical impedance, or the current-voltage relationships of these ion channels.
ATP levels are an indicator of viable cell number. ATP values higher than controls (untreated cells) indicate proliferation and cultures with ATP concentrations lower than controls indicate cytotoxicity. ATP levels can be measured using different commercial kits.
Caspases are cysteine proteases which play an important role in apoptosis. They are synthesized and stored in cells as inactive procaspases. Once apoptosis is initiated in a cell, the procaspases get activated by proteolytic cleavage. This sets in motion a caspase cascade, which leads to the activation of proteins involved in the chromatin fragmentation and finally culminates in cell death.
An expansion in the number of viable cells results in an increase in the overall activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases in the sample. The internal environment of the proliferating cell is more reduced than that of non-proliferating cells. Specifically, the ratios of NADPH/NADP, FADH/FAD, FMNH/FMN, and NADH/NAD, increase during proliferation. Compounds such as tetrazolium salts and Alamar Blue, which can be reduced by these metabolic intermediates, can be used to monitor cell proliferation. Their reduction is accompanied by a measurable shift in wavelength with a corresponding change in color.
Live cells with intact membranes have the ability to exclude dyes that easily penetrate dead or damaged cells. Examples of the dyes include propidium iodide, 7-amino actinomycin D, and trypan blue. Cells stained with the former two can be quantified by flow cytometry, while the latter is by manual counting using hemocytometer.
The role played by the substrate, which is titrated without enzyme and without inhibitor. The low controls should reflect the signal expected for no enzyme activity at each substrate concentration. Depending on the composition of the inhibitor stocks, DMSO might be needed in the control wells to assure consistency across all the experiments.
Cellular nuclei can be by stained with Hoechst, DAPI, etc, which is a measure of cell viability and proliferation.
Live cells have a conserved and constitutive protease activity which serves as a biomarker of cell viability. The live-cell protease activity is measured using a fluorogenic, cell-permeant, peptide substrate (Gly-Phe-AFC). The substrate enters intact cells, where it is cleaved by the live-cell protease activity to generate a fluorescent signal proportional to the number of living cells. The live-cell protease becomes inactive upon loss of membrane integrity and leakage into the surrounding culture medium.
Lipids are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Examples include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, etc. Lipids function to store energy, form a component of cell membrane and as signaling molecules.
Peptoids are a class of biomimetic polymers based on oligo-N-substituted glycine backbones, designed to mimic peptides and proteins. Peptoids are resistant to proteolysis and not typically denatured by solvent, temperature, or chemical denaturants.
A protein or polypeptide is a long polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. The sequence of the amino acids is defined by the genetic code. Here, a protein is a perturbagen whereby its ability to modulate a physiological process or a disease pathology is assessed.
Small molecule is an organic compound with a low molecular weight (<800 Da) which is used to screen against a biological target, e.g. protein, nucleic acid, cell or organism to test its ability to bind it and bring about a change in activity. It is either isolated from a natural source or is synthesized.
Screening campaign incudes a sequence of (assay) experiments performed to identify a compound (or a series of compounds) with a specific function and it is desirable to have a known mechanism of action. It includes primary (screening at single concentration), secondary, and confirmatory (dose response) screens, structure activity relationship (SAR) studies, lead optimization, etc.
The endpoint is a quantitive or qualitative interpretable standardized representation of a perturbation (a change from a defined reference state of a "closed" model system) that is measured by the bioassay. An endpoint consists of a series of data points, one for each perturbing agent (screened entity) tested the assay.
It can refer to the screening concentration (for example in a primary assay) or it can be a concentration at which the perturbagen mediates a defined response, such as IC50 or EC50. It always has one value and a concentration unit.
Reporting the extent / magnitude of the perturbation (induced by the perturbagen) such as percent inhibition. Response-type endpoints would typically be obtained from a single concentration perturbagen measurement.
High content screening (HCS) is an automated screening method using live cells to understand various aspects of their biology. HCS employs imaging (bright-field or fluorescence) and analyses in a high throughput format. HCS can be applied to monitor complex cellular aspects, namely, signaling, morphology, phenotype, proliferation, motility, intracellular trafficking, toxicology, RNAi knockdown, and receptor activation.
The effective concentration of a perturbagen, which produces 50% of the maximal possible response, which could mean either activation (EC50) or inhibition (IC50) for that perturbagen.
The effective concentration of a cytotoxic compound, which produces 50% of the maximum possible cell death for that compound. Although the cytotoxic compound induces cell death, we define CC50 as subclass of IC50, because critical cellular processes are inhibited and CC50 is often used as a more specific description of IC50 for cell toxicity assays. Compound cytotoxicity is an important parameter to measure when developing potential human therapeutics. Cytotoxicity can be determined for example as a measure of radioisotope (3H thymidine or 51Cr) release, lactate dehydrogenase release from damaged cells, tetrazolium salt and alamar blue reduction, fluorescent dyes that selectively stain live or dead cells, or decrease in ATP content. ATP levels are detected using a luminescence based assay kit such as CellTiter-Glo (Promega). ATP values higher than controls (untreated cells) indicate proliferation and cultures with ATP concentrations lower than controls indicate cytotoxicity.
The effective concentration of an agonist, which produces 50% of the maximum possible response for that agonist.
The effective concentration of a growth inhibitor, which produces 50% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor. GI50 is calculated from [(Ti-Tz)/(C-Tz)] x 100 = 50, where Tz is absorbance at time zero, Ti is absorbance in the presence of test drug, and C is absorbance in the control (untreated cells). As a measure of viable or proliferating cells, different researchers measure different parameters, namely, protein content (by sulforhodamine B staining followed by absorbance measurement), mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide, known as MTT staining followed by absorbance measurement), expression of proliferation associated antigens (by immunostaining for Ki-67), and ATP content (by using CellTiter-Glo reagent (Promega) followed by luminescence measurement).
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 50% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 80% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
Ki is the equilibrium inhibitor dissociation constant, the concentration of the competing inhibitor that results in binding to half the enzymes sites at equilibrium in the absence of substrate or other competitors. The Cheng and Prusoff equation: Ki - (IC50) / ( 1+ ([L]/Kd)) relates IC50 to Ki under conditions of competitive binding; Kd equilibrium dissociation constant of the (labeled) ligand, [L] ligand concentration. The Cheng and Prusoff equation: Ki - (IC50) / ( 1+ ([S]/Km)) relates IC50 to Ki under conditions of competitive inhibition; Ki equilibrium enzyme inhibitor dissociation constant; Km Michaelis-Menton constant, [S] substrate concentration.
It is the ratio of biological activity in the presence of an exogenous substance to that in its absence. The fold change is useful when comparing test compounds evaluated across multiple functional assays because varying levels of efficacy can be observed amongst the different or same reference agonists.
TGI is total growth inhibition, which is the effective concentration of a growth inhibitor, which produces 0% relative growth for that inhibitor. Thus TGI signifies a cytostatic effect. tgi is calculated from [(Ti-Tz)/(C-Tz)] x 100 =0, where Ti = Tz and Tz is absorbance at time zero, Ti is absorbance in the presence of test drug, and C is absorbance in the control (untreated cells). As a measure of viable cells, different researchers measure different parameters, namely, protein content (by sulforhodamine B staining followed by absorbance measurement), mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide, known as MTT staining followed by absorbance measurement), and ATP content (by using CellTiter-Glo reagent (Promega) followed by luminescence measurement).
Absolute IC50 (calculated from the curve-fit function) is the concentration corresponding to exactly 50 percent inhibition. It is obtained from the curve fit function (back-calculated IC50) and can also be extrapolated. Commonly the relative IC50 is reported; however in cell proliferation assays absolute IC50 is often used. The absolute IC50 can be more reproducible.
The concentration of a test substance that produces an inhibitory effect corresponding to 50% of the activity of that particular substance (i.e. 50% of the difference between top and bottom of fitted curve). It can also be described as the concentration corresponding to the inflection point of the curve.
pIC50 is -log IC50, where IC50 is the effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 50% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
Percent increase of a measureable response relative to some baseline. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay. Percent activity measures the increased activity vs. an unperturbed state, i.e. percent activation := percent activity - 100; e.g. an agonist that results in twice the activity would have percent activity = 200 and percent activation = 100.
Percent decrease of a measureable response as a consequence of compound treatment. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay. Percent inhibition is expressed relative to a positive control (which results in total inhibition).
It is a measure of living cells in a culture well. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay. It can be estimated in the compound treated wells in comparison to vehicle-treated control wells and is expressed as a percent. Viability is determined by measuring tetrazolium salt and alamar blue reduction, staining with selective fluorescent dyes, or ATP content. ATP levels are detected using a luminescence based assay kit such as CellTiter-Glo (Promega). ATP values higher than controls indicate proliferation and cultures with ATP concentrations lower than controls indicates cytotoxicity. Percent viability = 100-percent cytotoxicity
A small molecule useful to interrogate a biological system of interest. It has to be active in the system studies, i.e. cell permeable or active in vivo and be sufficiently efficacious and selective. The term probe also refers to the MLI screening effort, which has the goal to generate chemical probes. In addition, the MLI requires a novel chemical probe to be superior to the state of the art in terms of efficacy and selectivity and in-vivo properties. A list of probes generated is available here: http://mli.nih.gov/mli/mlp-probes/
It is an in vitro format used to measure the activity of a biological macromolecule, either a purified protein or a nucleic acid. It is most often a homogeneous assay type, but can be heterogeneous if a solid phase such as beads is used to immobilize the macromolecule.
Involves the use of a living organism, either single or multi-celled, and is a heterogeneous assay type.
Involves the use of living cells of eukaryotic origin, derived from a multicellular organism, and is a heterogeneous assay type. Typically, this refers to permanent (immortal) cell lines, or primary cells, or some form of stem cells. This is distinct from a single-celled organism-based format (classically bacteria or yeast).
subcellular organelles / component (not individual proteins) obtained via cell lysis and differential centrifugation (or potentially other method of purification / extraction of the organelles)
Involves the use of a tissue derived from a living organism and is a heterogeneous assay type.
Includes all hydrolases except phosphatases and proteases.
Two or more proteins interact to form a stable complex. Each of the members of this complex has a distinct role in mediating the overall function of the complex, which can be as a chaperone (DnaK, DnaJ and grpE), an enzyme (mitochondrial respiratory complexes), a signaling complex (G-proteins), etc. It can be viewed as a quaternary structure of the proteins.
In this format, the perturbagen targets a protein to regulate its function.
In this format, the perturbagen targets a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) to regulate its function.
PNA or protein nucleic acid is an artificially synthesized polymer whose backbone is composed of repeating N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine units linked by peptide bonds. Since PNA does not contain charged phosphate groups in its backbone, the interaction between PNA-DNA is stronger than that between DNA-DNA due to the lack of electrostatic repulsion.
Fusion proteins or chimeric proteins are created through the joining of two or more cDNAs which encode different proteins. Upon expression, a single polypeptide containing each of the proteins results. Generally, the protein of interest is tagged with a reporter protein, e.g. luciferase, GFP, etc, whose expression could easily be monitored.
A quality of the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that harbors a change (mutation), where one or more nucleotides are lost (spontaneously) or removed (intentionally).
Viruses are small infectious agents that depend on the host cells to reproduce. Outside the host, they contain a protein coat called capsid that encloses their genetic material (either DNA or RNA). Viruses can infect bacteria, plants and animals and cause a number of diseases, e.g. smallpox, chickenpox, influenza, polio, rabies, etc.
It includes the baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which are unicellular.
The proteins located on the cell surface which are involved with the binding with other cells or the extracellular matrix. They belong to 5 families: Immunoglobulin superfamily, integrins, cadherins, selectins and the lymphocyte homing receptors.
This describes the type of alterations performed on the cell line, which include plasmid transfection, viral transduction, cell fusion, etc.
Cells that are cultured from a subject (tissue or tumor) and which are not immortalized. They can undergo only a limited number of cell divisions prior to reaching senescence.
Cell fusion is the formation of a hybrid cell from two different cells of same or different species. After such fusion, one of the parental cells has a dominant phenotype over the other, and the resulting hybrids will have the features of only one of the parental cells. Fusion is performed to understand the dominance of genetic material, DNA recombination events, etc.
This refers to the introduction of cloned genes into cells by various methods, including transfection, transduction, electroporation, nucleofection, etc. It is generally performed to express the exogenously introduced gene and study its effect on the cell. In addition, DNA encoding regulatory moieties, such as siRNA is similarly introduced to inhibit the expression of a specific gene(s).
Cell fusion is the formation of a hybrid cell from two different cells of same or different species. Fusion cybrids are created by fusing a nucleated and an enucleated (nucleus removed) cell. The resulting cybrids have one nucleus, but they contain the mitochondria from both the parental cells. This allows one to study the mitochondrial inheritance and to ascertain the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in diseases.
Cell fusion is the formation of a hybrid cell from two different cells of same or different species. Fusion hybrids are created by fusing two nucleated cells obtained from same or different species.
This refers to the infection of cells with either a pathogenic or a modified virus, which introduces viral genome into the cells. Pathogenic viruses include the influenza virus, measles virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, etc. For recombinant expression of proteins in cells or tissues, several types of viruses are utilized, including lentivirus, retrovirus, adenovirus, etc, with each having their own advantages and disadvantages.
This refers to the introduction of nucleic acids into cells using a construct. Plasmids constructs are created by the insertion of a gene or siRNA encoding DNA of interest into a plasmid. The engineered plasmids are introduced into cells by various means, namely, transfection, electroporation, nucleofection, etc which regulates the efficiency and location of gene transfer, for e.g., nucleofection delivers the plasmid directly into the nucleus in contrast to the other methods that deliver into the cytosol.
In this method, the introduced plasmid construct is stably integrated in the cellular genome, and is hence a permanent modification of the cells. This is achieved by selecting for cells which express a plasmid-encoded selectable marker, which is commonly an antibiotic resistance protein.
It is the temporary introduction of a gene or siRNA encoding DNA of interest into a cell using various plasmids. Usually, the transiently transfected DNA remains in the cell for 2-3 days and is functional: expresses the gene of interest. There are numerous transient transfection reagents and protocols available that have been optimized for various cell lines.
The title of the kit/biologicals used in the assay.
The thin outer covering of a cell consisting of lipid-bilayer embedded with proteins. It is semi-permeable and is also called "plasma membrane"
The fluid component of cytoplasm, without the organelles and the insoluble cytoplasmic components.
Microsomes are vesicle-like structures formed as an artifact from the endoplasmic reticulum after the cell has been ruptured by homogenization.
An organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that metabolizes glucose and other sugars to produce usable energy in the form of ATP. It contains its own genome which encodes proteins, tRNA and rRNA.
It is a soluble extract prepared from the cellular nuclei, which are obtained by differential centrifugation of the cell lysate.
A cell whose membrane has been ruptured, either mechanically or by freeze-thawing. The entire cell lysate is used in the assay without extensive purification (or separation).
The lysate contains the cellular components necessary for in vitro protein synthesis (tRNA, ribosomes, amino acids, initiation, elongation and termination factors). It is prepared from rabbit reticulocytes by lysis, followed by treatment with micrococcal nuclease to destroy endogenous mRNA for background reduction.
Increase in perturbation (reported by the endpoint mode of action, activation) is correlated to increase in signal.
signal increase corresponding to activation
Increase in perturbation (reported by the endpoint mode of action, inhibition) is correlated to decrease in signal.
signal decrease corresponding to inhibition
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end (from GO).
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material in all the living things, and some viruses. It is a polymer of nucleotides, with a backbone made of deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups joined together by ester bonds.
RNA or ribonucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides with a backbone made of ribose sugar and phosphate groups linked together by ester bonds. RNA has the base uracil instead of thymine, which is present in DNA.
mRNA or messenger RNA is a genetic intermediate between DNA and protein. It is transcribed from DNA by RNA polymerases which is further processed by other enzymes. mRNA serves as the template to synthesize proteins on the ribosomes.
rRNA or ribosomal RNAs are present in ribosomes in a cell. Ribosomes are protein translation machinery which can read messenger RNAs and translate that information into proteins.
tRNA or transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that transfers a specific active amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis.
They have an essential role in the regulation of protein conformation states. Molecular chaperones help nascent polypeptides fold correctly and multimeric protein complexes assemble properly, and reduce the possibility of protein aggregation.
Enzymes are biological catalysts involved in important pathways that allow chemical reactions to occur at higher rates (velocities) than would be possible without the enzyme. Enzymes are generally globular proteins that have one or more substrate binding sites.
Ion channels are present in the cell membrane. They are pore-forming protein complexes that facilitate diffusion of ions across membranes and thus establish the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of living cells.
A membrane or intracellular protein that specifically binds a known stimulus of cellular activity, such as a hormone, growth factor, antigen, neurotransmitter, drug, etc.
It is a protein that binds to a specific sequence of DNA (upstream of the genes that it regulates) and regulates gene expression.
A transporter protein is a transmembrane protein that helps transport small molecules and proteins across the membrane. This is done using facilitated diffusion or active transport.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), comprise the largest integral membrane protein family with nearly 1000 members. They integrate extracellular signals from hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, etc to downstream cellular responses. They are important pharmacological targets, being associated with a number of diseases. Upon ligand binding extracellularly, the GPCR signals through a downstream heterotrimeric G protein complex, consisting of the α, β and γ subunits.
Transmembrane receptors are integral membrane proteins in either the cell- or organelle-membrane. They bind specific hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, etc and initiate cell signaling, which results in changes in the cell function.
Nuclear receptors are localized in the cytosol and mediate the activity of hormones and certain vitamins. They are all transcription factors, which upon activation by ligand binding, translocate to the nucleus, bind specific DNA sequence and activate gene expression.
Formation of two products from a substrate by hydrolysis.
Intramolecule rearrangement, i.e. isomerization changes within a single molecule.
Join together two molecules by synthesis of new C-O, C-S, C-N or C-C bonds with simultaneous breakdown of ATP.
Non-hydrolytic addition or removal of groups from substrates. C-C, C-N, C-O or C-S bonds may be cleaved.
To catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions; transfer of H and O atoms or electrons from one substance to another.
Transfer of a functional group from one substance to another. The group may be methyl-, acyl-, amino- or phosphate group.
Includes all transferases except kinases.
A protein kinase is an enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them. The substrate protein's activity, localization and overall function is modulated by the kinase reaction.
A phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysis of phosphoric acid esters.
Morpholinos are antisense oligos that bind to specific mRNAs to reduce gene expression. They are small (~25 base) and possess altered back structures compared to DNA or RNA making them resistant to cleavage by nucleases. They are used extensively as tools to investigate zebrafish, Xenopus and sea urchin embryonic development.
cDNA or complementary DNA is complementary in sequence to a particular messenger RNA (mRNA). It is synthesized from mRNA in a reverse transcription reaction by reverse transcriptase enzyme. cDNA can be cloned in a vector and introduced into cells to bring about the expression of that particular gene in those cells.
DNA that is linear and not circular. Examples of linear DNA include synthetic oligonucleotide, restriction endonuclease digestion product, polymerase chain reaction product, mechanically sheared genomic DNA, etc.
Plasmid is a double stranded circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA. It exists naturally in bacteria and some yeast. In genetic engineering, plasmids are exploited to clone and multiply a gene of interest. Several plasmid vectors are available commercially to introduce cloned DNA into different cell types.
miRNAs or microRNAs are short RNAs (~22 nucleotides long) that bind to complementary sequences in the three prime untranslated regions (3' UTRs) of target messenger RNA transcripts (mRNAs), usually resulting in gene silencing.
Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can be used to achieve stable knockdown of gene expression. shRNA molecules are cloned into lentiviral or other vectors and expressed by a pol III type promoter.
In the RNAi pathway, the double stranded RNAs first get processed into 20-25 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by an RNase III-like enzyme called Dicer. The siRNAs enter into endoribonuclease-containing complexes known as RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), and bring about the cleavage of the target mRNAs to achieve gene silencing.
Peptide is a short polymer of amino acids, which is generally <50 amino acids long.
The role played by the reading obtained from wells to which the sample or one of the reagents was not added. This is subtracted from all the experimental readings prior to further analysis.
50% increase of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
50% reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
80% reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
Assay has 50% living cells. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
This describes the method by which a protein is purified from its source.
This involves cloning the cDNA of the gene of interest in a plasmid or viral vector and introducing it into a bacterial, insect or mammalian cell for expression. The expressed protein is then purified after lysing the cells followed by a series of centrifugation and, or chromatography and electrophoresis methods.
This includes animal models typically used in drug discovery for toxicity or pharmacology studies, such as mouse, rat (mammals).
Fluorescence intensity is the measure of fluorescence from a sample.
Bacteria lack membrane bound organelles and are surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Though they are unicellular, they function by aggregating into multicellular colonies.
Proteins localized in the cytosol, but do not belong to the transcription factor, transporter, structural, enzyme, enzyme regulator and nuclear receptor classes of proteins in the cytosol.
This originates from a cell, but does not use intact (live) cells; does not include biochemical assays, which is one of the major formats that is categorized separately. It is most often a homogeneous assay type, but can be heterogeneous if a solid phase such as beads are used to immobilize the components.
Membrane proteins are associated with the cell membrane. They can be classified into two broad categories
There are two distinct G protein families, namely the heterotrimeric G proteins (consisting of the α, β and γ subunits) downstream of the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the monomeric G proteins that belong to the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Upon ligand binding, the GPCR undergoes a conformational change, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of an associated G protein. The GTP-bound G α subunit then signals by regulating the activity of adenylate cyclase, phospholipase, or Rho GEFs.
These proteins are translocated from the inside of the cell to the cell's exterior. Proteins targeted for secretion undergo glycosylation and other postranslational modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi complex, and are enclosed in secretory vesicles. The fusion of vesicles to the cell membrane releases the secretory proteins to the exterior. Examples include growth factors, tumor necrosis factors, cytokines, etc.
These proteins constitute the largest class with respect to the total protein mass. They are fibrous proteins, e.g. keratin, actin, myosin, etc whose primary function is to provide scaffolding that maintains cell shape.
It refers to whether all the assay components are in solution or some are in solid phase, which determines their ability to scatter light.
All assay components exist in solution phase at the time of detection (e.g. none of the components are in beads or cells). Technically no component scatters light.
One or more assay components are present in solid phase at time of detection. (e.g.: cells, beads).
The ratio of biological activity in the presence of an exogenous substance to that in its absence. This result type is used exclusively with single point (screening concentration) assays.
The ratio of biological activity in the absence of an exogenous substance to that in its presence. This result type is used exclusively with single point (screening concentration) assays.
All living cells maintain a resting membrane potential, which is the difference in voltage between the interior and exterior of the cell. Electrically active cells, such as neurons, muscle and endocrine cells undergo changes in membrane potential due to depolarization and hyperpolarization as a result of opening and closing of ion channels. Action potentials are large and rapid changes in membrane potential which are generated as a result of a large depolarization event. In neurons, action potentials are used to transmit signals across neurons, while in muscle and endocrine cells, they lead to intracellular events, such as muscle contraction and hormone release, respectively. In addition, mitochondria possess a trans-membrane potential as a result of their respiratory function. Membrane potential can be measured either by using electrophysiological techniques or by staining with dyes whose binding is dependent on the membrane potential.
Cellular signaling can bring about the movement of proteins in cells. Upon receiving a cue, proteins undergo posttranslational modifications, e.g. phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, etc, which results in their activation and migration to different compartments, often to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression.
Add a relation between this class and immunoassay using a new object property 'is detected by'.
Second messengers relay signals from the receptors to the cell interior as part of a signaling event. In the process, they amplify the signal. Examples include cAMP, cGMP, calcium, nitric oxide, diacylglycerol, etc, which play important roles in different physiological processes.
Electrically active cells, such as neurons, muscle and endocrine cells undergo changes in membrane potential due to depolarization and hyperpolarization as a result of opening and closing of ion channels. The electrical recordings from these cells are obtained by the insertion or attaching microelectrodes to these cells. Patch clamp, voltage clamp and current clamp are three ways of studying the current-voltage relationships of these ion channels.
The comment deposited by the assay provider, which summarizes the screening campaign with respect to the identification of lead compounds and chemical probes.
This class includes membrane proteins other than g-proteins, such as regulators of g-protein, GTPases, etc.
This assay is performed to study interaction between a radio-labeled ligand and the receptor. The reaction mixture containing the receptor and radioligand is transferred to a filter plate, washed to remove the unbound radioligand. The bound complex remains on the filter, which can be eluted into the scintillation fluid and the radioactivity measured. Filter assays differ from SPA because a separation of free radioligand and radioligand bound to the receptor is required for measurement.
It is used for analysis of receptor-ligand interactions in screening applications. It utilizes a radiolabeled ligand and a source of receptor (membranes, soluble/purified).
X-ray crystallography is used to analyze protein-small molecule interactions. This binding interaction is monitored by measuring the difference of diffraction between protein-compound binding complex and protein alone. With this technique, both the binding interaction and bound compounds can be detected, which allows pools of 5-100 compounds to be tested for binding.
It involves the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into uniform distribution with a liquid medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. A scintillation counter is used to measure ionizing radiation. The scintillation counter consists of a sensor, called a scintillator, made of transparent crystal or an organic liquid that fluoresces when struck by ionizing radiation. A photomultiplier is then used to measure the light emitted by the sensor and is attached to an electronic apparatus that amplifies and quantifies the radiation signal.
This is used to study the interaction of two proteins. An enzyme or fluorescent protein is rationally dissected into two fragments and fused to two test proteins, whose interaction is being studied. Binding of the two test proteins results in the reconstitution of the enzyme or fluorescent protein from the two fragments, which can be measured.
This is typically performed in HCS, where multiple parameters are measured simultaneously from a single cell / well, by the detection of several fluorescent labels. E.g., neurite length, nuclear size, protein translocation, etc.
This assay is performed to study interaction between a radio-labeled ligand and the receptor in presence of cold ligand. The cells exposed to the radioligand and cold ligand are washed to remove the unbound ligands. They are then lysed and the bound radioactivity is counted in a liquid scintillation counter.
This describes whether a change in an assay is measured once at one fixed end-point or over a period of time at several time points.
Reported results do not have a time dimension, but represent a static response. This does not mean that the result is indepent from the time of measurement, such as cell viablity at 12, 24 or 72h where the time point is associated metadata.
The measurements and reported outcome / result of the kinetic assay quantify a change / response over a time course; the reported result has a time component, for example a reaction constant or rate. This is in contrast to an endpoint that does not have a time dimension, but is associated with a time point as metadata, such as cell viablity at 12, 24 or 72 hs, but not the speed with which the cells propargate or die.
Locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a nucleic acid analogue containing one or more LNA nucleotide monomers with a bicyclic furanose unit locked in an RNA mimicking sugar conformation. LNA oligonucleotides have high affinity toward complementary single-stranded RNA and complementary single- or double-stranded DNA. This makes LNA suitable for sequence specific targeting of RNA in vitro or in vivo.
This technique is used to detect proteins and peptides in a tissue section by binding to specific antibodies. Subsequently, a secondary antibody that is conjugated to a fluorophore or an enzyme needed for the detection of a signal is hybridized to the primary antibody. Signal is generally detected by immunofluorescence or less commonly, by a colored reaction. This allows the detection and subcellular localization of the protein of interest by visualization under a microscope.
This technique is used to detect proteins and peptides in a cell by binding to specific antibodies. Subsequently, a secondary antibody that is conjugated to a fluorophore or an enzyme needed for the detection of a signal is hybridized to the primary antibody. Signal is generally detected by immunofluorescence or less commonly, by a colored reaction. This allows the detection and subcellular localization of the protein of interest by visualization under a microscope.
Fungi are either unicellular or multicellular and include yeasts, molds, mushrooms, etc. Several parasitic fungi exist, which infect animals and plants, e.g., Aspergillus flavus, Claviceps purpurea, Pneumocystis jirovecii, etc.
This refers to the correction performed on the raw data values from an assay. B-score correction is a common method used for this purpose.
Activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain results in the generation of a proton gradient which consists of two components: a membrane potential and a pH gradient. Disruption of delta-psi has been shown to be one of the first intracellular changes following the onset of apoptosis. Delta-psi is generally quantitated by staining with specific dyes whose binding is dependent on the potential and less commonly, by electrophysiological techniques.
mitochondrial membrane potential assessment
Most often, the mitochondrial membrane potential which is called delta-psi is quantitated by staining with specific dyes whose binding is dependent on the potential.
It allows the detection of binding interactions and cell-based reactions without the need to use conventional labels, e.g., fluorescent probes. The advantages include the ability to measure a) functional activity without modifying the binding partners with labels, b) binding interactions independent of functional activity, and c) cell-Based GPCR assays without the need for engineering cell-lines to over-express given receptors.
ITC is a thermodynamic technique that can directly measure the heat released or absorbed during a biomolecular binding event. It can measure the binding affinity (Ka), reaction stoichiometry (n), enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (ΔS) of the interaction between two or more molecules in solution.</obo:IAO_0000115>
The B score is an analog of the Z score, but is more resistant to the presence of outliers and to differences in the measurement error distributions of the compounds. It is calculated by first computing a two-way median to account for row and column effects of the plate, which is then divided by their median absolute deviation to standardize for plate-to-plate variability.
The (raw) measurement is normalized as a percentage of the positive control. This is typically done by plate.
Random and systematic error can induce either underestimation (false negatives) or overestimation (false positives) of measured signals. Z score indicates how many standard deviations an observation is above or below the mean. For calculating this, the average of the plate values is subtracted from individual raw values and the difference divided by the standard deviation estimated from all measurements of the plate.
Curve fit methods include Levenberg-Marquardt, Simplex, Linear Regression (linear least-squares), etc. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is a robust algorithm and has become the standard for non-linear regression.
Has curve fit parameters, curve fit method, properties like Hill coefficient, concentration range, and measurement repetition. It involves capturing the trend in the data by assigning a single function across the entire range. The goal of curve fitting is to find the parameter values that most closely match the data.
The Hill equation is commonly used to estimate the number of ligand molecules that are required to bind to a receptor to produce a functional effect. The Hill coefficient can be considered as an interaction coefficient, reflecting the extent of cooperativity among multiple ligand binding sites.
An assay based on the competition between a labeled and an unlabeled ligand in the reaction with a receptor binding agent (e.g. antibody, receptor, transport protein).
Non-competitive ligands interact with receptors at sites distinct from the competitive ligand binding pocket, conferring multiple modes of action.
It identifies whether the data has been normalized (by Z and Z' factors, signal to background, signal to noise, and coefficient of variance), or if it was an immediate readout obtained from a HTS assay.
Data can be normalized by Z and Z' factors, signal to background, signal to noise, and coefficient of variance. Plate based normalization is usually based on controls. In the absence of controls, the Z-score can be used to normalize the data by plate.
The readout obtained from a HTS assay which includes measurements from the positive and negative control wells in each plate. This is the data that needs to be processed.
The technologies used to measure the size and shape of cells and organelles (phenotype). These are detected by microscopy.
Electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electron beams interacting with the subject of study, and the subsequent collection of this scattered radiation in order to build up an image.
Fluorescence microscopy is used to image the distribution of molecules based on the properties of fluorescence emission. Excitation of fluorescent molecules with a specific wavelength results in the production of an image by the secondary fluorescence emission at longer wavelengths.
Optical or light microscopy involves passing visible light transmitted through or reflected from the sample through a single or multiple lenses to allow a magnified view of the sample
The field of using microscopes to see objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye.
Confocal microscopy has advantages over widefield optical microscopy, including the ability to eliminate or reduce background information away from the focal plane and collect serial optical sections from thick specimens. It uses point illumination and a spatial pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light in specimens that are thicker than the focal plane.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualizes details on the surfaces of cells and particles and gives a very nice 3D view. It gives results much like those of the stereo light microscope, and, akin to that, its most useful magnification is in the lower range than that of the transmission electron microscope.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is quite similar to the compound light microscope, by sending an electron beam through a very thin slice of the specimen. The resolution limit in 2005 was approximately 0.05 nanometer and has not increased appreciably since that time.
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology is based on measuring the resonant frequency of piezoelectric quartz crystals. It allows measurement of important cellular parameters such as adhesion, proliferation and cytotoxicity. It is also used for the identification of protein ligands by immobilized receptors.
In brightfield microscopy, sample is illuminated with transmitted white light from below and observed from above.
Phase contrast microscopy shows differences in refractive index as difference in contrast. Regions with higher contrast, e.g. nuclei, appear darker than the surrounding cytoplasm.
It forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen and measuring on a fine scale, down to the level of molecules and groups of atoms. The resolution is not limited by the diffraction, but by the size of probe-sample interaction volume. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) are the three common scanning probe techniques.
BRET is similar to FRET but has a bioluminescent protein such as aequorin as the donor and a fluorescent acceptor, e.g. GFP. The donor emits blue light in the absence of GFP, but when GFP and aequorin are associated as they are in vivo, GFP accepts the energy from aequorin and emits green light. Hence BRET eliminates the disadvantages associated with donor fluorophore activation.
bioluminescence resonance energy transfer
Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) is a resonance energy transfer between chemiluminescent donors and fluorescent acceptors. CRET occurs by the oxidation of a luminescent substrate, such as luminol/hydrogen peroxide reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. CRET eliminates the disadvantages associated with donor fluorophore activation.
chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer
Following a western analysis, the individual proteins in a gel, blot, or autoradiogram are quantitated by a densitometric scan over a limited range of protein concentration per band (1-10 ug). A scanner measures the optical density of the material by directing a beam of light and measuring its transmission or reflection.
Ex situ refers to out of place or position, with respect to the antigen that is being tested in the immunoassay. Usually the antigen is present in a tissue or cell lysate, or as a purified protein in the assay.
This assay is performed using a different assay format with respect to the primary or confirmatory assay.
A digital system used for quantitating proteins in gels, blots, etc.
This technology relates to measurement of nucleic acid conformational properties using one of the following methods: circular dichroism spectroscopy, thermal shift, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, etc.
This technology relates to measurement of protein conformational properties using one of the following methods: circular dichroism spectroscopy, thermal shift, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, etc.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are rolled up seamless cylinders of graphene sheets, exhibiting many unique physical, mechanical and chemical properties. CNT based biosensors are used to detect protein interactions, e.g. protein-DNA, antibody-aptamer interaction, etc.
Small molecules which are either natural or synthetic are immobilized by robotic printing on a solid support, such as a functionalized glass slide. Protein targets either purified or from a lysate are hybridized to the immobilized small molecules in an attempt to identify the natural ligands for proteins, and also molecules that could regulate their function.
This contains complex samples, such as cell or tissue lysates, spotted on an array surface and interrogated with antibodies.
Concepts describing the type of perturbagen interaction with the receptor.
The concentration of substrate at ½ Vmax, according to the Henri-Michaelis-Menten kinetic model.
Assay employed to elucidate the specificity of biologically active chemical entities towards one or more targets that are (closely) related to the (intended) primary target.
The off-rate associated with the release of inhibitor from an enzyme-inhibitor complex.
The on-rate associated with the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex.
Turnover number representing the maximum number of substrate molecules converted to products per active site per unit time.
A competitive inhibitor binds only to free enzyme. Often this binding event occurs on the active site of the target, precisely where substrate also binds. It will raise the apparent KM value for its substrate with no change in the apparent Vmax value. As a result, competitive inhibition can be overcome, observed by an increase in the apparent KI value, at higher concentrations of substrate.
An uncompetitive inhibitor binds exclusively to the enzyme-substrate complex yielding an inactive enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex. When encountered, the apparent Vmax value and the apparent KM value should both decrease.
A noncompetitive inhibitor binds equally well to both free enzyme and the enzyme-substrate complex. These binding events occur exclusively at a site distinct from the precise active site occupied by substrate. It will lower the apparent Vmax value, yet there is no effect on the apparent KM value for its substrate. Essentially, the KI of the inhibitor does not change as a function of the substrate concentration.
Describe kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. It includes the enzyme kinetic constants namely, Km and Vmax, which help to model the time course of disappearance of substrate and the production of product.
Partial inhibition results from the formation of an enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex that can generate product with less efficiency than the enzyme-substrate complex.
An allosteric effector operates to enhance active site substrate affinity and/or catalysis. An allosteric inhibitor decreases activity by binding to an allosteric site, other than or in addition to the active site on the target. This interaction is characterized by a conformational change in the target enzyme that is required for inhibition.
In this type of inhibition, the population of free, soluble inhibitor is significantly depleted by the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor or enzyme-substrate-inhibitor complex. While tight-binding inhibitors can bind to the target enzyme in a competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive manner with respect to substrate binding, they can display noncompetitive phenotypes.
Time-dependent inhibitors bind slowly to the enzyme on the time scale of enzymatic turnover, and thus display a change in initial velocity with time. This has the effect of slowing the observed onset of inhibition.
In this method, antibodies or peptides are spotted on a support to be hybridized to analytes in complex mixtures of proteins.
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene is attached to the regulatory sequence of a gene of interest. When induced to express, CAT breaks down the antibiotic chloramphenicol resulting in a resistance against that antibiotic. The effect of a perturbagen on the expression of the gene of interest could easily be monitored by the gain of antibiotic resistance by the cells.
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase induction
Aptamers are synthetic affinity probes. DNA aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind to a specific target molecule, such as small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids and cells. They are created by selecting them from a large random sequence pool through repeated rounds of in vitro selection.
Aptamers are synthetic affinity probes. RNA aptamers are oligonucleotides that bind to a specific target molecule such as small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids and cells. They are created by selecting them from a large random sequence pool, but natural aptamers also exist in riboswitches.
Aptamers are synthetic affinity probes. Peptide aptamers consist of a variable peptide loop attached at both ends of a protein scaffold, such as thioredoxin-A. They bind to target proteins with high affinity, similar to that of an antibody. They are designed to inhibit the function of other protein inside the cell.
They are part of mRNA that regulate gene expression through ligand induced changes in mRNA secondary or tertiary structure. The ligand is generally a small metabolite which binds to the aptamer part of the riboswitch.
The technologies used to measure the movement of cells and organelles (phenotype). These are detected by microscopy.
Molecular beacons are hairpin shaped oligonucleotide probes with an internally quenched fluorophore whose fluorescence is restored upon binding to a target nucleic acid. They are used to detect nucleic acids in solution.
In this method, many different purified proteins are spotted on a support, and used to assay biochemical functions such as protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-small molecule interactions and enzyme activity.
Antibody is a protein (immunoglobulin) produced by the immune system of an organism in response to exposure to a foreign molecule (antigen) and characterized by its specific binding to a site of that molecule (antigenic determinant or epitope). Antibodies are used extensively as tools to characterize proteins. Antibodies are either monoclonal or polyclonal.
Highly specific antibodies produced by the clones of a single hybrid cell, which is generated by the fusion of a B cell with a tumor cell. They recognize a unique epitope of an antigen.
Nucleic acids, either DNA or RNA are immobilized by spotting on a solid support such as a glass slide. They are hybridized with labeled nucleic acids from a sample and the signals measured, which reflects the composition of the sample nucleic acids. This is performed to quantify gene expression under various situations, e.g. diseases, development, etc.
This includes spotting purified proteins, cell or tissue lysates, antibodies, or peptides in order to quantify the proteome, or study protein-protein, protein-DNA, protein-small molecule interactions and enzyme activity.
Gene arrays include a collection of gene-specific nucleic acids that have been placed at defined locations on a solid support, either by spotting or direct synthesis. Labeled nucleic acids from a sample are hybridized with target genes on the array and the signals measured, which reflects the composition of the sample nucleic acids.
Antibodies produced by immunizing a mammal such as a mouse, rabbit or goat with an antigen. They are a mixture of antibodies produced from different B cells raised against any of the different epitopes of that antigen.
The assay is performed in a microplate, which can either be 96 well, 384 well, or 1536 well plates.
This includes fungi, vertebrates and invertebrates. Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and membrane enveloped organelles namely, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
This includes animals having a vertebral column, and model organisms from this group include the zebrafish, mouse, rat, etc
These animals lack a vertebral column and many of which are used as model organisms in HTS screening including Drosophila, C.elegans, sea urchin, etc.
This describes the physical format such as plate density in which an assay is performed, which is generally a microplate format, but can also be an array format.
This microplate contains 96 wells. It is suitable for a low throughput assay.
The immobilization of thousands of small molecules, genes or proteins on a glass slide for performing binding studies.
This microplate contains 384 wells. It is suitable for a HTS assay.
This microplate contains 1536 wells. It is highly miniaturized to accommodate more wells on one plate which reduces the plate handling time and allows working with very small volumes (few microliters) that reduces the cost of an assay.
It is a PubChem-specific assay stage. A summary assay references and summarizes the assays in PubChem that correspond to a screening campaign or a probe development project.
This includes vertebrate model organisms such as the Danio rerio (zebrafish), Xenopus laevis, etc which are tested generally to understand development.
It is the trend of measured readout signal, whether it increases or decreases in perturbagen treated wells, as compared to the untreated or carrier-treated wells and the endpoint mode of action of an assay.
This includes the different pieces of information about a PubChem bioassay that is available at the PubChem website, namely, the assay title, assay protocol, assay description, assay provider, endpoint name, etc.
The name of a bioassay which is associated with each assay ID (AID). It contains information about the target tested, the stage of the assay (primary or confirmatory), the assay format (biochemical or cell based), etc.
This contains the background information and rationale for performing a bioassay and is found on the PubChem website associated with each assay ID (AID). It also includes the assay design and some information on the related bioassays.
This includes the methodology used to perform a particular bioassay and is found on the PubChem website associated with each assay ID (AID). It includes the assay components and the order in which they were added, the incubation times, detection method and the kit used, etc.
use cito: citesForInformation or citeAsSourceData some DOI or PMID
The role of an organization or individual to add an assay to a repository, such as PubChem.
This is the PubChem assay remark that can be assigned by depositors to a bioassay.
It describes the assay dynamic range considering range and data variation: Z=1-{3x[StdDev(sample)+StdDev(negcontrol)]/[Avg(sample)-Avg(negcontrol)]} Not to be confused with z-score.
It describes the assay dynamic range considering range and data variation: Z'=1-{3x[StdDev(poscontrol)+StdDev(negcontrol)]/[Avg(poscontrol)-Avg(negcontrol)]}
Difference of signal between positive and negative controls; assay dynamic range: SW={Avg(poscontrol)-Avg(negcontrol)-3x[StdDev(poscontrol)+StdDev(negcontrol)]}/StdDev(poscontrol).
Measure of signal strength. S/N=[Avg(poscontrol)-Avg(negcontrol)]/[StdDev(poscontrol)+StdDev(negcontrol)]
Measure of the signal dispersion: CV=100x[StdDev(sample)/Avg(sample)]
Assay measurements throughput quality describes the quality of the measurements performed on each sample, such as single concentration, single repetition, concentration-response, multiple repetitions, etc.
Regular high-throughput screening (primary screening) to identify hits.
This is a typical HTS assay, which uses a plate reader and generates one or two readouts, in contrast to high content screening, which can generate tens to hundreds of parameters.
Concentration-response (dose-response) screen in which each concentration is only measured once. This is equivalent to quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS).
Multiple measurements (typically three) are preformed at a single concentration. This is often used as a mode of confirmatory screening following a primary screen.
Assays performed in the lead optimization stage. They are typically concentration-response high quality assays. They can involve a number of different assays depending on the required profile of the desired lead compound.
esiRNAs are endoribonuclease-prepared siRNA pools comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of siRNAs that all target the same mRNA sequence.
This refers to the infection of cells with a modified virus, which introduces viral genome containing the foreign genes. Several types of viruses are utilized for recombinant gene expression, including lentivirus, retrovirus, adenovirus, etc, with each having their own advantages and disadvantages.
This refers to the infection of cells with a disease-causing virus, which could effect humans, animals and plants. Pathogenic viruses include the influenza virus, measles virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, etc.
It is a live cell assay in which eukaryotic cells are infected with bacteria.
A brief description of the recombinant DNA created by the insertion of a gene or siRNA encoding DNA of interest into a vector. It includes information on the type of vector, the type of promoter, the selectable markers, etc., which are all considered when sub-cloning a gene of interest. The construct is transfected into cells by various methods.
The organism related to the target / meta-target of the bioassay. It includes both bacterium and eukaryote.
Most of the fungi are multicellular, e.g. molds, mushrooms, etc. They are made up of multicellular filaments known as hyphae. Several parasitic fungi exist, which infect animals and plants, e.g., Aspergillus flavus, Claviceps purpurea, Pneumocystis jirovecii, etc.
The role of an individual or a company as a creator of an assay kit, compound library, or detection instrument.
This describes the throughput and information content generated. Categorizing multiplexed (i.e. mutiple targets measured simultaneously) and multiparametric assays and high content (image-based) and regular (plate reader) assays.
Typically uses a plate reader and generates one or two readouts, in contrast to high content screening or multiplexed assays, which can generate tens to hundreds of parameters. The readout is typically from a single target / meta-target in each well.
It is a HTS assay, where the readout is measured from multiple targets from one well. E.g., several protein targets are detected simultaneously by using probes labeled with different fluorescent properties.
A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern (from PATO). For fluorescence measurements, it is the wavelength at which the fluorophore is excited and the wavelength at which it emits fluorescence. In the case of absorbance, it is the wavelength at which light is absorbed by a biological entity or a dye.
For fluorescence measurements, it is the wavelength at which a fluorophore is excited
For fluorescence measurements, it is the wavelength at which an excited fluorophore emits fluorescence.
In absorbance measurements, it is the wavelength at which light is absorbed by a biological entity or a dye
Cells are counted to determine their viability. Cultured animal cells are counted either manually using hemocytometer, or by an automated cell counter, e.g. Coulter counter or Vi-CELL. The latter can distinguish live and dead cells by the trypan blue cell exclusion method. Yeast and bacterial cell growth is determined by measuring absorbance in a spectrophotometer, or by viable plate count.
This describes whether the perturbagens are tested individually or as mixtures / pools
The perturbagens are tested individually in an assay
Mixtures / pools of perturbagens are tested in an assay
This microplate contains 24 wells. It is suitable for a low throughput assay.
Vials are small containers that are used in biological measurements, including scintillation counting.
Cuvettes are used to measure absorbance or fluorescence in a spectrophotometer or fluorimeter, respectively using either plastic, glass or quartz cuvettes.
These experiments measure specific radioligand binding at equilibrium at various concentrations of the radioligand.
Tm is defined as the midpoint temperatuere of the protein unfolding transition. It is determined by generating a thermal denaturation curve for the target molecule and taking the midpoint temperature between folding and unfolding state of the protein. In nucleic acid thermodynamics, it is the temperature at which 50% of the DNA strands and its perfect complement are in duplex.
A genomic sequence, which is the unit of heredity of a living organism. It consists of regulatory regions and transcribed regions.
Raw or qualitative data are reported as endpoints in an assay, e.g., luminescence counts, fluorescence intensity, etc.
The types of endpoints that report changes in temperature as a measure of a biological reaction, e.g. tm.
Vmax is defined as the maximum initial velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction under the given conditions, and it is measured in units of quantity of substrate transformed per unit time for a given concentration of enzyme.
This endpoint type describes the bonding affinity between two molecules at equilibrium, e.g., drug-receptor interaction.
The perturbagen mediated 50% of cells to die in an assay.
The cell culture broth used while performing an assay on cells, which is optimized for each assay type. Some interfering additives such as serum, growth factors, buffers, amino acids, antibiotics, etc. might be eliminated in this medium.
The effective concentration of an agonist, which produces 30% of the maximum possible response for that agonist.
They are living organisms which derive their energy from photosynthesis, with the exception of parasitic plants. Plants include herbs, shrubs, trees, grasses, vines, etc.
It is the term that describes an endpoint or result of a bioassay, which is deposited at PubChem.
It is the repository (database) in which the assay was deposited, e.g., PubChem, ChEMBL, etc.
PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a public database that contains high throughput screening (HTS) data, where the assays are performed to identify small molecules effective at modulating a given biological process or disease state. The bioactivity results in PubChem are contributed by several organizations, with the majority of data coming from the screening center network under the NIH Molecular Libraries Program (MLP).
It is a public database that contains structure
It is a public database that contains screening data of novel psychoactive compounds for pharmacological and functional activity.
This assay is performed to identify compounds that have an ability to kill the cells (cytotoxic).
A mathematical model / equation to which the data is fitted (using the curve fit method / algorithm).
Causes mild infections such as "strep throat" to severe diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
A quality of the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that harbors a change (mutation), where one or more nucleotides are added either spontaneously (within the cell) or intentionally (experimentally).
A quality of the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that harbors a change (mutation), where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide either spontaneously (within the cell) or intentionally (experimentally).
Mutation is any alteration in a gene, which may be disease causing or a normal variant. Mutations are introduced into the genes and subsequently, introduced into cells for expression. Different types of mutations include missense, nonsense, deletions, insertions, etc.
A quality of a protein that harbors a change (mutation), where a portion of the protein towards the carboxyl-terminal is missing either spontaneously (within the cell) or intentionally (experimentally).
This assay is performed with the unmodified or parental cell line instead of the one modified with a DNA construct that was used in primary or confirmatory assays.
The name of a small molecule collection from one source, which can be either commercial or academic, e.g., MLSMR, LOPAC, etc. This collection is generally diverse and contains compounds that modulate diverse biological targets.
Calcium functions as second messenger in cell signaling.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) functions as second messenger in cell signaling.
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) functions as second messenger in cell signaling.
A protease is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the peptide bonds in a protein or a peptide.
Dye redistribution is used to study flux of molecules across membranes, e.g. calcein AM, ethidium homodimer-1, etc.
The maximum response that can be achieved with the perturbagen as percentage of the positive control.
Detection technology using radioactive tracers, e.g. filter assay, SPA, etc
This includes all organisms which are made up of cells, e.g. bacteria, plants and animals.
Metazoa comprises of animals, which are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. This includes those having a vertebral column (e.g. fish, frog, snake, bird, human) and those that do not (e.g. worm, fly, star fish, etc).
It is a collection of perturbagens, e.g., compound, siRNA, miRNA, etc, which are sold by different vendors, or generated in academic institutions.
Protozoans are single celled organisms, some of which are parasitic, e.g., Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania mexicana, Trypanosoma brucei, etc which cause malaria, leishmaniasis, and sleeping sickness, respectively.
siRNA libraries consist of large number of siRNAs, which represent a single organism, a diseased state, etc. They bring about the cleavage of the target mRNAs to achieve gene silencing.
small interfering ribonucleic acid library
It is a collection of miRNAs or microRNAs, which represents a single organism, a diseased state, etc. miRNAs bind the complementary sequences in the 3' UTRs of target mRNA transcripts, usually resulting in gene silencing.
An ionic compound (principally consisting of Na, K, Li, Ca, and Mg as cation) which is used as an additive in an assay.
A quality of an amino acid residue that has a moiety (e.g., phosphate, carbohydrate) attached to it after translation.
A quality of a protein that harbors a change (mutation), where either one or more amino acids are replaced by different ones to study the role of those amino acids in the function of the protein.
Kinase-Glo Plus Luminescent Kinase Assay
CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay
Artifact (aka 'artefact') assays are performed to help interpret HTS results by testing whether a 'hit' might be due to some inherent physicochemical property of the compound or perturbagen alone - in the absence of any target. Examples include fluorescence, or inhibition of the enzyme luciferase, which are part of common assay designs; another example is solubility (e.g., if a compound aggregates and interferes with an assay readout).
BacTiter-Glo Microbial Cell Viability Assay
Tecan Infinite F200 is a multifunctional microplate filter-based reader with injector option, that provides high performance for the vast majority of microplate applications and research. It has been designed as a general purpose laboratory instrument for professional use, supporting common 6 to 384-well microplates. (Manufacturer description)
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
The names of equipment used for measurement/readout from an assay, e.g. FLIPR, ViewLux plate reader, PHERAstar, etc.
SpectraMax M5 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader
The name of the screening center organization that is affiliated with an assay or an experiment; for example the assay was developed by an individual affiliated with that organization or an assay experiment (screen) was performed by a group / in lab affiliated with that research organization.
It is a specialized chemistry center of MLPCN.
vanderbilt screening center for gpcrs, ion channels and transporters
ethylene glycol ester of luciferin 6' methyl ether
It is a specialized screening center of MLPCN.
An assay run to eliminate those hits from the primary and confirmatory assay stages that are not of interest, i.e. do not act via the MMOA of interest; for example compounds that are assay artifacts (e.g. fluorescent), promiscuously active, toxic.
Maximum inhibition of an antagonist or inhibitor (relative an efficacious positive control)
The maximum percent activation of an agonist
An assay using orthogonal assay design / technology run to confirm the identified hits from the primary and confirmatory assay stages.
This assay is performed with a different DNA construct than that was used in primary or confirmatory assays to modify a cell line.
wee1-like protein-luciferin 4-monooxygenase
It is an MLSCN (pilot phase) screening center.
Amplex Red Glucose/Glucose Oxidase Assay Kit
The role played by a soluble molecule, such as a hormone, neurotransmitter, or small molecule that binds to a biomolecular entity, such as a receptor.
Radiolabeled flux assays to study ion channel activity by chemically initiating the opening of channels in the presence of a fixed amount of radiolabeled cation or anion, and a potential ion channel modulator compound.
6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate
Ac-DEVD-CHO is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7 (DEVDase) activity.
Ac-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-CHO Very potent reversible inhibitor of caspase-1 (ICE) that contains the optimal tetrapeptide recognition motif for this enzyme. With a Ki of 56 pM, it displays the most potent reversible, peptide-based inhibitors described for any protease. For caspase-8 a Ki of 21.1 nM has been reported.
The drug aprotinin (Trasylol, Bayer), is the bovine version of the small protein basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, or BPTI, which inhibits trypsin and related proteolytic enzymes.
AxioVert 200M Fluorescence Light Microscope
PKC inhibitor 3-{1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
Boc-Leu-Gly-Arg-AMC is a selective fluorogenic substrate for Horseshoe Crab Clotting Enzyme
Brij-35 is a nonionic polyoxyethylene surfactant that is most frequently used as a component of cell lysis buffers or a surfactant in various HPLC applications.
5-Hydroxy-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole A potent 5-ht1E/1F receptor agonist
It is an MLPCN comprehensive screening center.
CHAPS is a zwitterionic detergent used in the laboratory to solubilize biological macromolecules such as proteins. It is used as a non-denaturing solvent in the process of protein purification and is especially useful in purifying membrane proteins, which are often sparingly soluble or insoluble in aqueous solution due to their native hydrophobicity. CHAPS can also be used in conjunction with nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100.
Cysteine has antioxidant properties due to the ability of thiols to undergo redox reactions.
A fluorogenic FRET peptide with a substrate sequence that is optimized for calpain-1 and -2.
Dithiothreitol (DTT) is the common name for a small-molecule redox reagent known as Cleland's reagent. DTT's formula is C4H10O2S2 and the molecular structure of its reduced form is shown at the right; its oxidized form is a disulfide-bonded 6-membered ring (shown below). Its name derives from the four-carbon sugar, threose.
emory university molecular libraries screening center
fluorescein-labeled formylmethionine-leucine-phenylalanine-lysine (fmlfk-fitc) substrate for the formylpeptide receptor (FPR) family of G-protein-coupled receptors
fMLFF peptide is used as a FPR-blocking peptide.
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform a-Alexa Fluor 488
GM-TriDAP (GlcNAc-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-mesoDAP), is a muropeptide found mostly in Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan.
5,6,7,13-Tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-12H-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-12-propanenitrile Potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (IC50 = 7.9 nM).
3-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-5-iodo-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one Potent, selective and cell-permeable c-Raf1 kinase inhibitor (IC50 = 9 nM). Displays ≥ 100-fold selectivity for raf kinase over CDK1, CDK2, c-src, ERK2, MEK, p38, Tie2, VEGFR2 and c-fm.
An inhibitor of cyclin kinase 2 (CDK2) which prevents and/or reduces the side effects of chemotherapy (alopecia, plantar-palmar syndrome and mucositis).
substrate for M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase (M1AAP)
HyperCyt High Throughput Flow Cytometry System
IGEPAL CA-630 is a nonionic, non-denaturing detergent. Its official IUPAC name is octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol.
L-(+)-2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid Selective group III metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist.
LDV peptide targeted against the alpha4beta integrin VLA-4
Lipofectamine™ 2000 Reagent delivers DNA or siRNA with excellent transfection performance for protein expression, gene silencing, and functional assays. Superior efficiency, optimized protocols, and unparalleled success across a broad range of cell lines.
2-(6-(7-Nitrobenz-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazol-4-yl)amino)Hexanoyl-1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (NBD C6-HPC)
new mexico molecular libraries screening center
NP-40 is a commercially available detergent. The full name of NP-40 is Tergitol-type NP-40, which is nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol.
para-Nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) is a chromogenic substrate for acid and alkaline phosphatase in ELISA assays. Under their influence the decay to yellow para-nitrophenol is catalysed. This product can be measured with a 405 nm spectrophotometer.
It has the high-energy phosphate bond found (-61.9 kJ/mol) in living organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In plants, it is also involved in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds, and in carbon fixation; in bacteria, it is also used as the source of energy for the phosphotransferase system.
Phosphorylethanolamine or phosphoethanolamine is an ethanolamine derivative that is used to construct sphingomyelins.
Pluronic® F-127 is a nonionic, surfactant polyol (molecular weight approximately 12,500 daltons) that has been found to facilitate the solubilization of water-insoluble dyes and other materials in physiological media.
4-(Dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid Inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP).
substrate for virus-encoded NS3 serine proteinase
pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid, bis-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzylamide) Degrades collagen type I.
The peptide sequence, PHCVPRDLSWLDLEANMCLP, named R18, was identified as an unphosphorylated peptide that binds to 14-3-3 proteins with high affinity (Kd=80 nM). It has been shown to bind to the same amphipathic groove on the surface of 14-3-3 as phosphorylated peptides. R18 can inhibit the formation of the 14-3-3-Raf-1 complex, reduce Raf-1 dependent transcriptional activity in cells and block the activation of ExoS by 14-3-3. It binds to all the 14-3-3 isoforms with equal affinities. This peptide is useful for competitive inhibition experiments.
Rauwolscine acts predominantly as a α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It has also been shown to function as a 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor antagonist.
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-2-imidazolidone Widely used inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, selective for PDE4 (IC50 = 2.0 μM).
A highly selective and potent non-peptide δ-opioid agonist, 2000-fold selective over μ-opioid receptors. (+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-di methyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethyl benzamide
Sodium orthovanadate is the chemical compound Na3VO4 and contains the tetrahedral VO43−. It is an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases and a number of ATPases, most likely acting as a phosphate analogue. The VO43- ion binds reversibly to the active sites of most protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Staurosporine (antibiotic AM-2282 or STS) is a natural product originally isolated in 1977 from the bacterium Streptomyces staurosporeus.
The stibonic acid compound, NSC13778, also know as stibavirin, previously has been reported to inhibit the interaction between transcription factors C/EBP, C/EBPß, CREB, Fos/JunD, and VBP and their cognate DNA sequences, HIV nucleocapsid protein p7 and viral RNA, and HIV gp120 and CD4. Now, we report that this compound is a potent inhibitor of the interaction between transcription factors TFE3, Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) associated fusion protein ASPL-TFE3 type 1, and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 and their cognate DNA. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006
219479 Cdc2-Like Kinase Inhibitor, TG003 (Z)-1-(3-Ethyl-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazol-2-ylidene)propan-2-one, Clk Inhibitor, TG003
the scripps research institute molecular screening center
used for staining of senile amyloid deposits/plaques
modulators of 14-3-3 proteins The 14-3-3 proteins are the prototype for a novel class of protein modules that can recognize phosphoserine/threonine (pS/T)-containing motifs in a variety of signaling proteins. To date, 14-3-3 proteins have been reported to bind more than 200 client proteins. Through these interactions, 14-3-3 proteins play important roles in a wide range of vital regulatory processes, such as Bad-induced apoptosis, Raf-1-mediated cell proliferation, and Cdc25-regulated cell cycle progression.
TopCount NXT Microplate Scintillation Luminescence Counter
Triton X-100 (C14H22O(C2H4O)n) is a nonionic surfactant which has a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide group (on average it has 9.5 ethylene oxide units) and a hydrocarbon lipophilic or hydrophobic group.
Polysorbate 20 (common commercial brand names include Alkest TW 20 and Tween 20) is a polysorbate surfactant whose stability and relative non-toxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. It is a polyoxyethylene derivative of sorbitan monolaurate, and is distinguished from the other members in the polysorbate range by the length of the polyoxyethylene chain and the fatty acid ester moiety.
Ubiquitin-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for a wide range of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), including ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) and ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs). UBIQUITIN-7-AMIDO-4-METHYLCOUMARIN
For use in the detection and identification of deubiquitinylating enzymes
This random polymer is a Tyrosine kinase substrate.
university of pittsburgh molecular libraries screening center
Wallac MicroBeta Liquid Scintillation Counter
WIN 55,212-2 is a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist.
Selective agonist for the formyl peptide receptors FPR1, FPR2 (EC50 = 75 pM) and FPR3 (EC50 = 3 nM), expressed on immune cells. Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Med-NH2
This is a fluorescent kallikrein substrate, Abs/Em=353/442 nm.
This assay is performed with a different but a related target (usually from the same protein family) than that was tested in primary or confirmatory assays, e.g., SIP1 instead of SIP3.
This assay is performed with a different cell line than that was tested in primary or confirmatory assays.
This assay is performed with a different organism than that was tested in primary or confirmatory assays.
This assay is performed using a different assay design or detection technology, e.g., a beta-lactamase assay performed using FRET technology instead of absorbance for measurement.
This assay is a different bioassay type when compared to the primary or confirmatory assays, for e.g., a functional confirmatory assay (Ca-flux FLIPR), where the primary assay could be a binding assay.
This assay is different from the primary or confirmatory assays with respect to the use of reagents / buffer, in order to narrow the mechanism of action of a perturbagen.
This assay is performed to identify compounds that have a property of auto-fluorescence.
This assay is performed to identify compounds that have a propensity to aggregate.
This assay is performed to identify compounds with redox (reducing or oxidizing) activity.
Percent activity is the response relative to an unperturbed state; in case of inhibition the interpretation is that of remaining activity, i.e. percent inhibition := 100 - percent activity.
IRI prefix change from BAO_02000 to BAO_00012 in January 2017
The role of a molecular entity of being the output of a biological reaction or process that is quantitated either directly (by the presence of a tag or probe) or indirectly in a coupled reaction.
The percentage of cells in an assay that show the hallmarks of 'programmed cell death' or apoptosis, namely, membrane asymmetry, caspase activation, nuclear fragmentation, etc.
A quality of an amino acid residue that has a phosphate group attached to it.
The role played by a protein in modulating immune cell function via cell signaling, subsequent to binding to its cognate cell surface receptor.
The role played by a protein in initiating cell division via cell signaling, subsequent to binding to its cognate cell surface receptor.
The role played by a molecular entity as being the substrate for a coupled enzyme (see definition of coupled enzyme). For e.g., luciferin, which is generated by cytochrome P450 (from modified luciferin) in a coupled enzyme reaction is the coupled substrate for luciferase.
The supportive role of a protein in mediating attachment of cells to a cell culture dish, on which it is coated.
This represents the percentage of cells in a cell population that are in the M phase of the cell cycle. The cells in this phase can be detected using various markers, one of which is the characteristic phosphorylation of certain proteins that stain positive with MPM2 antibody.
An assay that measures the distribution of cells across different phases of the cell cycle to evaluate proliferation status or cell cycle perturbations
endpoints: percent proliferation percent interphase percent mitosis percent G2-M arrested percent non-arrested
This represents the percentage of cells in a cell population that are preparing for cell division and that exist in either G1, S or G2 phases of the cell cycle. This is calculated by subtracting from the total cell number, the number of cells in the M phase, apoptotic and dead cells in an assay plate.
'has marker' some (not ('DEVD-NucView 488' or 'LysoTracker Red' or 'Hoechst 33342'))
This represents the percentage of cells in a cell population that have undergone the S phase (completed DNA replication) in preparation for mitosis, as indicated by staining positive for EdU.
The percentage of cells in an assay that are no longer alive (viable), and show the characteristic features, such as staining with propidium iodide, blurry staining with DAPI, etc.
'has marker' some ('Hoechst 33342' and not ('DEVD-NucView 488' or 'LysoTracker Red') )
cell cycle progression assessment method
The plasmid, phagemid or viral genome that is used to recombinantly clone the DNA molecule of interest to be introduced into a host cell (bacterial, eukaryotic), where it can independently replicate.
The phenotype of an organism that has been derived by genetic modification.
A physical parameter associated with an assay measurement.
This can be moved to directly under 'assay measurement'.
We might not need this, as 'kinetic assay' under 'measuremnt type' describes the same.
In molecular biology, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. Primers (short DNA fragments) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified.
This represents the percentage of cells in a cell population that have undergone the DNA synthesis in the S phase as indicated by staining positive for EdU, but have not undergone the M phase as they stained negative for MDM2. In other words, these cells were arrested in the G2/M cell cycle check-points after treatment with the respective perturbagen in the assay.
This represents the percentage of cells in a cell population that have completed the mitotic cell cycle, and that have stained positive for both S phase (EdU) and M phase (MDM2) markers. In other words, these cells were not arrested in any of the cell cycle check-points after treatment with the respective perturbagen in the assay.
In molecular biology, real-time polymerase chain reaction, also called quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR/qPCR) or kinetic polymerase chain reaction, is a laboratory technique based on the PCR, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a targeted DNA molecule. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample.
The role of a chemical entity to bind inside the pore of a specific type of ion channel and block the flow of ions through it, resulting in an alteration of the electrochemical gradient of the cell membrane.
The molecular entity that brings about the transformation of less specialized cells to more specialized cell types, which differ morphologically and /or functionally.
The role of a molecular entity to bring about an increase of a predefined stimulus in an assay.
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a variant of PCR in which the RNA strand is first reverse transcribed into its DNA complement (complementary DNA, or cDNA) using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and the resulting cDNA is amplified using traditional or real-time PCR.
Quantitative reverse transcription PCR is a PCR technique used to determine the amount of cDNA in a sample. It is the most commonly used form of quantitative PCR (qPCR). This technique is also called real-time reverse transcription PCR.
The name of an organization that is involved in manufacture and / or commercialization of assay kits, detection instruments, small molecule libraries, etc.
The role of a small molecule to act as a standard in a particular assay type, e.g., 1,4-Dioxane (for NMR), Cediranib (for Kinomescan).
Role of a protein in the transport of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules across a semi-permeable membrane, such as plasma membrane.
Method based on the application of information technology to chemistry and biology.
Method based on application of information technology to the field of molecular biology.
The role played by an enzyme in reporting the activity of a different enzyme by being able to use the substrate or product of the latter in its own reaction (either as a substrate or cofactor). E.g., luciferase acts as a coupled enzyme for cytochrome P450, as the luciferin generated (from modified luciferin) by the latter acts as its substrate.
The role of a molecular entity (e.g., barium chloride, acetylcholine) to change a cell's membrane potential, making it more positive.
Cell line culturing describes the growth mode of a cell line, whether it grows attached to the culture dish (adherent) or floating (suspension) in the culture medium or partially attached (mixed adherent and suspension).
The role played by a molecular entity that is added as an ingredient to a broth that is used to culture cells.
The role of a molecular entity of mediating the introduction of a foreign nucleic acid into cells, e.g., Lipofectamine 2000, Fugene 6, etc.
This categorizes the devices that selectively transmit light in a particular range of wavelengths, including excitation and emission filters. For optimal results, the distance between the wavelengths of the excitation and emission filter should be more than 85% of the sum of both filters bandwidths.
An excitation filter is an optical-glass filter used in fluorescence microscopy for selection of the excitation wavelength of light from a light source.
An emission filter is an optical-glass filter used in fluorescence microscopy for selection of the emission wavelength of light from a fluorescent molecule, e.g., fluorophore or dye.
An endpoint defined by a length in time at which a desired effect or observation occurs.
Half-life of drug is the time taken for the concentration of the drug to decrease by half.
An endpoint defined an effect seen in animals at a particular dosage, typically defined as a ratio of treatment to animal mass (e.g., mg/kg).
The median lethal dose is the dose required to kill (produce lethality) in 50% of tested population.
An endpoint derived from calculus-based analysis of graphical measures.
The maximal concentration of a drug achieved following administration (maximum point of a concentration-time curve).
It is the area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) following a single dose or at steady state, and is expressed as weight*time/volume.
Slope is described as the ratio of the change in y-axis divided by the change in x-axis between two points on a line or a curve. m= y2-y1 / x2-x1
Endpoint values derived from an exponential growth curve, such as in a PCR reaction.
Crossing point- In an exponential amplification curve (i.e., qPCR amplification) the value in number of amplification cycles at which the signal enters log phase, as determined by the maximal second derivative of the curve.
Quantificatoin cycle; general term, whether defined by Cp or Ct, for the value of interest determined from an exponential amplification curve (such as number of cycles in a PCR reaction).
Crossing threshold; in an exponential amplification curve (i.e., qPCR amplification) the value in number of amplification cycles at which the signal crosses a defined threshold.
Endpoint values determined by a statistical measurement of the signal relative to the populations of signals observed.
The number of median absolute deviations outside the median of control or compound wells.
A measurement of an intrinsic property of a molecular entity.
Logarithm (log10) of the Distribution Coefficient, D, which is defined as the ratio of concentrations of a small molecule / drug distributed between octanol and water. LogD refers to the distribution of all forms of a compound between the two immiscible phases at equilibrium. It depends on pH of the aqueous phase, which is buffered to a specific value. A larger logD means the compound / drug is more hydrophobic (greasy) and a lower logD corresponds to better solubility in water.
Logarithm (log10) of the Partition Coefficient, P, which is defined as ratio of concentrations of a small molecule / drug distributed in octanol and water. LogP refers to the distribution of un-ionized (neutral species of) compound between the two immiscible phases at equilibrium; the pH is adjusted such that the major microspecies is the un-ionized form. A larger logP means the compound / drug is more hydrophobic (greasy) and a lower logP corresponds to better solubility in water.
pKa is the negative log10 of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of a molecule. Ka is the equilibrium constant for dissociation of the protonated base (acid) into the free base and a proton (hydromium ion).
Percent purity is the ratio of mass of pure compound to the actual mass of the available/vendor supplied compound, multiplied by 100. The majority of compounds and elemental substances are only available with a larger or smaller amount of impurities, which contribute to the mass of the impure compound.
Measurement of compound transport across a polarized epithelial monolayer from the apical to the basolateral side, typically reported as Papp (cm/s)
apical‑to‑basolateral permeability (A > B)
Measurement of compound transport across a polarized epithelial monolayer from the basolateral to the apical side, typically reported as Papp (cm/s)
basolateral‑to‑apical permeability (B > A)
The ability of a chemical substance to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution. The solubility of a given substance is dependent on the solvent used, as well as on temperature and pressure.
An endpoint defined by a set of measurements from a multiparametric assay. The set of measurements may be aggregated to an overall profile score, weighting each measurment in the profile relative to a desired outcome.
The direction of the readout signal, relative to negative controls, which is considered to be of interest for determining active perturbagents (hits).
A parameter defining the separation of the noise bands of the negative and positive controls in an experiment using robust statistics. The robust z' is defined as 1-(3*(MAD(pos)-MAD(neg))/abs(median(pos)-median(neg)) where MAD(pos) is the median absolute deviation of the positive control population and MAD(neg) is the median absolute deviation of the negative control population. Typically defined on a per-plate basis but may be defined for an overall assay.
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 90% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
It is 50% lethal concentration (the concentration that kills 50% of treated cells).
The lowest concentration of an inhibitor (antimicrobial agent) required to inhibit the growth of a microorganism.
It is a measure of the amount of radioligand that binds to its receptor in a competitive binding assay. It is the ratio of the bound to the total bound, where bound refers to the reading obtained from a binding reaction involving radioligand, receptor and a cold competitor ligand, while total bound is the reading obtained in the absence of any added competitor.
In a purification assay, percent recovery is the ratio of mass of the entity obtained after the affinity purification to the mass of the unpurified entity originally added in the assay, multiplied by 100.
RNA interference construct preparation method
Increase in perturbation (reported by the endpoint mode of action, activation) is correlated to decrease in signal.
signal decrease corresponding to activation
Increase in perturbation (reported by the endpoint mode of action, inhibition) is correlated to increase in signal.
signal increase corresponding to inhibition
A quality of a protein of being the predominant form in an organism.
A quality of a DNA or RNA residue that has a group (e.g., methyl) attached to it after transcription.
An assay that measures the biochemical, physiological, or molecular effects of a drug on a biological system, providing quantitative markers of target engagement or downstream pharmacological response
An assay that assesses a drug's potential to cause QT interval prolongation, a delay in the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle. Significant QT prolongation is a biomarker for an increased risk of developing a potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia known as Torsades de Pointes.
An abstract concept to group one or more assay readout and allow description of an assay that measures one or more effect of a perturbagen on the biological entity. This does not define the physical readout method itself, which is captured in assay design, but rather classifies the data being generated by those readouts.
Called 'assay measurement' in BARD. For HCS measurement, we need to define 'assay measurement' as the outcome of image analysis and is most often a calculated value. This is similar to 'parameters', such as 'intensity', 'count', 'morphology', etc which are all dependent on phenotype, e.g., intensity and count (number of bright spots) are a result of the amount of gene expression, and morphology is dependent on morphological phenotype, which is detected by the expression of a marker.
FDA RPS Pharmacokinetics: Drug Interactions
An assay that quantifies the degree to which a substance is toxic to living cells. These assays measure cellular health indicators like membrane integrity (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase release), metabolic activity (e.g., MTT reduction), or cell count to determine the concentration of the substance that induces cell death.
The assay design method describes how a biological or physical process screened / investigated in the model system is translated into a detectable signal. This relates to the technology / technologies used to make the assay system work, i.e. enable that the screened process can be detected. It typically involves some manipulation of the (biological) model system to detect the process of interest.
Computational methods used for analysis of microarrays, expressed cDNA sequence tag (EST) sequencing, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tag sequencing, massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), or various applications of multiplexed in-situ hybridization.
computational analysis of gene expression
Computational methods involved in analysis of protein microarrays and high throughput (HT) mass spectrometry (MS).
computational analysis of protein expression
Computational methods involved in construction and interpretation of phylogenetic trees, which are used to classify the evolutionary relationships between homologous genes represented in the genomes of divergent species.
Software for evolutionary biology, designed to help biologists analyze comparative data about organisms. Its emphasis is on phylogenetic analysis, but some of its modules concern population genetics, while others do non-phylogenetic multivariate analysis.
Program for inferring phylogenetic trees or, more generally, phylogenetic networks from various types of data such as a sequence alignment, a distance matrix or a set of trees.
is a free computer program for the likelihood-based reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from molecular sequences.
A free Computational phylogenetics package of programs for inferring evolutionary trees (phylogenies).
computational electron microscopy structure solution
Also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of the "target" protein from its amino acid sequence and an experimental three-dimensional structure of a related homologous protein (the "template").
A method of computational protein structure prediction used for protein sequences which have the same fold as proteins of known structures but do not have homologous proteins with known structure.
protein threading software used for protein structure prediction, given a primary sequence.
Structural alignment software attempts to establish equivalences between two or more polymer structures based on their shape and three-dimensional conformation.
DALI breaks the input structures into hexapeptide fragments and calculates a distance matrix by evaluating the contact patterns between successive fragments.
matching molecular models obtained from theory
Computational methods used to arrange the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be a consequence of functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences.
Global alignments, which attempt to align every residue in every sequence, are most useful when the sequences in the query set are similar and of roughly equal size.
Pairwise global alignment with whole genomes.
Local alignments are more useful for dissimilar sequences that are suspected to contain regions of similarity or similar sequence motifs within their larger sequence context.
Local search with fast k-tuple heuristic, slower but more sensitive than BLAST.
Local search with fast k-tuple heuristic.
Multiple sequence alignment computer program.
is a multiple sequence alignment program suitable for the alignment of large numbers of DNA sequences.
Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to incorporate more than two sequences at a time.
Pairwise sequence alignment methods are used to find the best-matching piecewise (local) or global alignments of two query sequences.
is an open source Java implementation of the Smith-Waterman algorithm with Gotoh's improvement for biological local pairwise sequence alignment using the affine gap penalty model.
Methods using of computer and informational techniques for problems in the field of chemistry
Consists of the exploration of energetically favorable spatial arrangements (shapes) of a molecule (conformations).
Set of criteria for predicting the oral bioavailability of a compound on the basis of simple molecular features (molecular weight, CLogP, numbers of hydrogen- bond donors and acceptors).
Library design enables access to the large number of drug- like molecules that could theoretically be made and can serve several purposes: for example, to generate a maximally diverse virtual library for lead generation, a biased library aimed at a specific target or target family, or a lead optimization library.
The design of bioactive compounds by incremental construction of a ligand model within a model of the receptor or enzyme active site, the structure of which is known from X-ray or NMR data.
A set of functions and parametrization used in molecular mechanics calculations.
computer simulation method by force field
second generation force field simulation
a simulations procedure, in which the system is allowed to equilibrate at high temperatures, and then cooled down slowly to remove kinetic energy and to permit trajectories to settle into local minimum energy conformations.
A simulation procedure consisting of the computation of the motion of atoms in a molecule or of individual atoms or molecules in solids, liquids and gases, according to Newton's laws of motion. The forces acting on the atoms, required to simulate their motions, are generally calculated using molecular mechanics force fields.
constraint molecular dynamics simulation
Mathematical relationships linking chemical structure and pharmacological activity in a quantitative manner for a series of compounds. Methods which can be used in QSAR include various regression and pattern recognition techniques.
quantitative structure activity relationship analysis
Involves the analysis of the quantitative relationship between the biological activity of a set of compounds and their three- dimensional properties using statistical correlation methods.
A 3D-QSAR method that uses statistical correlation techniques for the analysis of the quantitative relationship between the biological activity of a set of compounds with a specified alignment, and their three-dimensional electronic and steric properties.
comparative molecular similarity indices analysis
self organizing molecular field analysis
Methods of quantum mechanical calculations independent of any experiment other than the determination of fundamental constants. The methods are based on the use of the full Schr
ab initio quantum chemistry computational method
quadratic configuration interaction method
Use parameters derived from experimental data to simplify computations.
semi-empirical quantum chemistry computational method
Zerner's intermediate neglect of differential overlap
intermediate neglect of differential overlap
modified neglect of differential overlap
Selection of compounds by evaluating their desirability in a computational model.
The ligand-based ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure and to trigger (or to block) its biological response.
Method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when bound to each other to form a stable complex.
Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique, or EMIT, is a common method for screening urine and blood for drugs, both legal or illicit. A mix and read protocol has been developed that is exceptionally simple and rapid. The most widely used applications for EMIT are for therapeutic drug monitoring (serum) and as a primary screen for abused drugs and their metabolites (urine).
potentials of mean force scoring function
The receptor-based ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure and to trigger (or to block) its biological response.
structure activity relationship analysis
In a conventional 2-site enzyme immunoassay, the antigen under assay which must have two or more epitopes, is insolubilised by reaction with an unlabelled antibody conjugated to a solid phase and reacted with an enzyme-labelled antibody directed to a different (preferably roomly-spaced) epitope of the analyte. The quantity of labelled antibody which becomes immobilised due to the complexing reaction is directly proportional to the amount of analyte present in the sample.
Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant.
Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method in analytical chemistry that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. It was invented in 1935 by the German chemist Karl Fischer.
Dot immunobinding assay (Dot Iba) is a simple and highly reproducible immunodiagnostic method. Antibody or antigen is dotted directly onto nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) discs. The diagnostic material to be checked can be incubated on this disc. Presence of antigen antibody complex in NCM discs can be directly demonstrated with enzyme-conjugated antiglobulins and substrate. Development of a purple-pink colored, insoluble substrate product in the NCM will be considered a positive result in the assay. This assay allows the processing of multiple specimens at a time.
A checkerboard titration is a single experiment in which the concentration of the two components is varied in a way that will result in a pattern. This method is often used to optimize reagent concentrations and to measure susceptibility to microbes to various agents.
chemiluminescence-linked immunosorbent assay
The ELISPOT assay is based on, and was developed from a modified version of the ELISA immunoassay. ELISPOT assays were originally developed to enumerate B cells secreting antigen-specific antibodies, and have subsequently been adapted for various tasks, especially the identification and enumeration of cytokine-producing cells at the single cell level. Simply put, at appropriate conditions the ELISPOT assay allows visualization of the secretory product of individual activated or responding cells. Each spot that develops in the assay represents a single reactive cell. Thus, the ELISPOT assay provides both qualitative (type of immune protein) and quantitative (number of responding cells) information.
Fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) is a technique where a fluorescent probe is used on an antibody of interest, which results in direct detecting fluorescence intensity instead of more complicated enzymatic reaction. Compared with the sandwich ELISA, FLISA has similar sensitivity and specificity, but it is much more rapid, economic and convenient.
The sandwich ELISA measures the amount of antigen between two layers of antibodies. The antigens to be measured must contain at least two antigenic sites, capable of binding to antibody, since at least two antibodies act in the sandwich. So sandwich assays are restricted to the quantitation of multivalent antigens such as proteins or polysaccharides. Sandwich ELISAs for quantitation of antigens are especially valuable when the concentration of antigens is low and/or they are contained in high concentrations of contaminating protein.
The In-Cell Western Assay is an immunocytochemical assay that uses NIR fluorescence to detect and quantify proteins in fixed cells. Detecting proteins in their cellular context increases quantification precision. Proteins in fixed, cultured cells are detected directly in microplates, which yields higher throughput compared to Western blotting and eliminates typical Western blotting steps such as cell lysate preparation, electrophoresis, and membrane transfer. Using the In-Cell Western Assay kits, the cost per well for secondary screening is reduced to a fraction of the cost of typical western blots.
The western blot (alternatively, protein immunoblot) is an analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide (denaturing conditions) or by the 3-D structure of the protein (native/ non-denaturing conditions). The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are probed (detected) using antibodies specific to the target protein.
Immunolabeling is a means of localizing particular antigens within tissue. Immunolabeling is a methodological process where: 1) antibodies are used to identify antigens within an organism and 2) a tag (e.g. through fluorescence, gold beads, epitope tag, etc.) is added to a secondary antibody which binds to the primary antibody.
Immunofluorescence is the labeling of antibodies or antigens with fluorescent dyes.
Immunolabeling method in which gold particles are conjugated to a primary or secondary antibody and used for identification of an antigen.
Assay supporting methods describe the methods to prepare, generate or post-process the assay system or assay screening process. Such methods include the sample preparation, labeling, data processing, etc., which are required to performing the assay, but do not constitute the actual assay (design method).
Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a technique used by molecular biologists to produce a snapshot of the messenger RNA population in a sample of interest in the form of small tags that correspond to fragments of those transcripts.
A Knock-in refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the insertion of a protein coding cDNA sequence at a particular locus in an organism's chromosome. The difference between knock-in technology and transgenic technology is that a knock-in involves a gene inserted into a specific locus, and is a "targeted" insertion.
Gene knockdown refers to techniques by which the expression of one or more of an organism's genes is reduced, either through genetic modification (a change in the DNA of one of the organism's chromosomes) or by treatment with a reagent such as a short DNA or RNA oligonucleotide with a sequence complementary to either an mRNA transcript or a gene.
Double-stranded RNA is synthesized with a sequence complementary to a gene of interest and introduced into a cell or organism, where it is recognized as exogenous genetic material and activates the RNAi pathway. Using this mechanism, researchers can cause a drastic decrease in the expression of a targeted gene.
gene knockdown by lentiviral shRNA transduction
Antisense RNA is a single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand transcribed within a cell. Antisense RNA may be introduced into a cell to inhibit translation of a complementary mRNA by base pairing to it and physically obstructing the translation machinery.
Method for reducing gene expression using morpholinos. Morpholino oligomers are an antisense technology used to block access of other molecules to specific sequences within nucleic acid. Morpholinos block small (~25 base) regions of the base-pairing surfaces of ribonucleic acid (RNA).
A gene knockout is a genetic technique in which an organism is engineered to carry genes that have been made inoperative (have been "knocked out" of the organism).
Gene overexpression refers to genetic techniques in which an organism or cell line is engineered to express increased levels of a gene.
gene overexpression by stable transfection
gene overexpression by transient transfection
single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping
A method that uses purified enzymes to isolate and then replicate specific nucleic acids to levels where they can be detected. Examples are PCR, TMA, NASBA, etc.
Mapping is the construction of a series of chromosome descriptions that depict the position and spacing of unique, identifiable biochemical landmarks, including some genes, that occur on the DNA of chromosomes.
Method in which the amount of a substance is determined by measuring the volume of a second substance that combines or reacts with the first in known proportions.
The the MTS assay is a laboratory test and a standard colorimetric assay (an assay which measures changes in color) for measuring the activity of enzymes that reduce MTS + PMS to formazan, giving a purple color. MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium), in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), produces a water-soluble formazan product that has an absorbance maximum at 490-500 nm in phosphate-buffered saline. It is advantageous over MTT in that (1) the reagents MTS + PMS are reduced more efficiently than MTT, and (2) the product is water soluble, decreasing toxicity to cells seen with an insoluble product.
The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay that relies on the enzymatic reduction of a yellow tetrazolium salt, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which forms a purple formazan crystal in metabolically active cells. The formazan can then be solubilized producing a concentration dependent colorimetric signal at 570 nm proportional to the cell number and activity.
The XTT Cell Proliferation Assay is a colorimetric assay system which measures the reduction of a tetrazolium component (XTT) into soluble formazan product by the mitochondria of viable cells. The samples are read using an ELISA plate reader at a wavelength of 450nm. The amount of color produced is directly proportional to the number of viable cells.
For spectrophotometric measurement of metabolic activity of living cells. Absorbance of converted dye is measured at a wavelength of 600 nm. Bioreduction of the dye reduces the amount of its oxidized form (blue) and concomitantly increases the fluorescent intermediate (red).
The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay is used for cell density determination, based on the measurement of cellular protein content.
The Bradford assay, a colorimetric protein assay, is based on an absorbance shift in the dye Coomassie when the previously red form coomassie reagent changes and stabilizes into coomassie blue by the binding of protein.
Coomassie dyes (also known as Coomassie Brilliant Dyes) are a family of dyes commonly used to stain proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and BN-PAGE, respectively) gels.
The Lowry protein assay is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques.
Ponceau S, Acid Red 112, or C.I. 27195 is a sodium salt of a diazo dye that may be used to prepare a stain for rapid reversible detection of protein bands on nitrocellulose or PVDF membranes (Western blotting), as well as on cellulose acetate membranes. A Ponceau S stain is easily reversed with water washes, facilitating subsequent immunological detection.
The bicinchoninic acid assay (also known as the BCA assay or Smith assay) is a biochemical assay for determining the total level of protein in a solution, similar to Lowry protein assay, Bradford protein assay or biuret reagent. The total protein concentration is exhibited by a color change of the sample solution from green to purple in proportion to protein concentration, which can then be measured using colorimetric techniques.
Crystal violet is a dye derived from gentian violet that is used as a general biological stain and an acid-base indicator.
fluorescent DNA hybridization probe method
A technique for DNA detection using SYBR Green 1 stain.The fluorescence intensity of SYBR Green is enhanced over 100-fold on binding to DNA which results in bright fluorescent DNA bands against a very dark background. Using a Dark Reader transilluminator, it is possible to detect less than 100 pg of SYBR Green-stained DNA by eye and tens of picograms using a CCD system.
Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for various techniques. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it will fluoresce with an orange colour, intensifying almost 20-fold after binding to DNA.
The assay utilizes the displacement of ethidium bromide (or thiazole orange) from hairpin deoxyoligonucleotides.
Propidium iodide (or PI) is an intercalating agent and a fluorescent molecule with a molecular mass of 668.4 Da that can be used to stain DNA. When excited by 488 nm of laser light, it can be detected with 562-588 nm band pass filter.
A technique of attaching a label to the active site of a large molecule and especially a protein by using a molecule which binds loosely and reversibly to the large molecule's active site and which has an inactive part that can be converted by photolysis to a highly reactive form causing the complex of the large substrate molecule and the loosely attached label to bind more permanently.
Method that employs a stain that is capable of entering and staining a living cell without causing an injury.
Dye staining method in which the dye is excluded from particular cells, usually due to the presence of an intact plasma membrane.
Dye uptake assays using neutral red, trypan blue and fluorescent compounds such as propidium iodide are traditional methods to assess cell viability and membrane damage. Trypan blue and fluorescent compounds such as propidium iodide are excluded by healthy, functional cell membranes but are able to traverse damaged cell membranes thereby preferentially staining dead cells.
Refers to variations on the two-hybrid technique, which measures activation of a reporter gene caused by binding between fusion proteins or other molecular entities.
The one-hybrid variation of the hybrid screening technique is designed to investigate protein-DNA interactions and uses a single fusion protein in which the AD is linked directly to the binding domain.
RNA-protein interactions have been investigated through a three-hybrid variation of the two-hybrid technique. In this case, a hybrid RNA molecule serves to adjoin together the two protein fusion domains which are not intended to interact with each other but rather the intermediary RNA molecule (through their RNA-binding domains).
A molecular biology technique used to discover protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively. The premise behind the test is the activation of downstream reporter gene(s) by the binding of a transcription factor onto an upstream activating sequence (UAS). For two-hybrid screening, the transcription factor is split into two separate fragments, called the binding domain (BD) and activating domain (AD). The BD is the domain responsible for binding to the UAS and the AD is the domain responsible for the activation of transcription.
Two-hybrid assay performed in mammalian cells.
The process of constructing non-native membrane like structures from synthetic or natural amphiphilic molecules, polymers, surfactants, or modified macromolecules that mimic the composition, architecture, and functional properties of biological membranes.
Parallel artificial membrane permeability
Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
using capture antibodies which are able to isolate large enzyme complexes in the their fully intact, fully active states from small samples of tissue or cells.
Test based on a strip of paper coated with an immobilized antibody specific for an antigen that is characteristic of a disease. Samples conjugated to a second antibody (which allows chromogenic detection) can be applied to the paper strip and results visualized in less than 10 minutes. By using multiple antigens at different positions on the strip, multiple diseases can be screened for in one sample.
The removal of certain proteins by the use of antibodies.
It is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a sample containing many thousands of different proteins. Immunoprecipitation requires that the antibody be coupled to a solid substrate at some point in the procedure.
differential interference contrast microscopy
The use of photostimulated luminescence to make a form of X-ray image.
An assay that measures the rate and extent to which an active drug or compound becomes available in the systemic circulation or target biological compartment following administration
An assay that evaluates the potential undesirable pharmacodynamic effects of a drug candidate on vital physiological functions such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems
ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
The role of the peptide that is appended at the N- or C-terminal of a protein (e.g., GST, His, HA, Myc, etc) which allows for easy identification and/or separation of that protein.
The individual protein molecule of a protein complex. In the complex, it associates with other protein subunits which are either the same or different, e.g., hemoglobin, microtubule, etc.
ICRM12000 atomic absorption spectrometer
A quality of an amino acid residue that has a carbohydrate moiety attached to it.
pEC50 is -logEC50, where EC50 is the effective concentration of an agonist, which produces 50% of the maximum possible response for that agonist.
'involves biological process' some 'mitotic cell cycle arrest' 'involves biological process' some 'mitotic cell cycle arrest' and 'apoptotic process'
The role of an organization or individual in the various stages of implementation of an assay, such as manufacturing an assay kit or depositing an assay in a repository.
The effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity is coupled to a secondary signal. The activity of an enzyme, e.g. luciferase is coupled to the effect of perturbagen upon the function of a chaperone, e.g. Hsp90, as denatured luciferase could serve as a substrate for Hsp90 mediated refolding.
chaperone coupled enzyme activity measurement method
The effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity is coupled to a secondary signal. The activity of an enzyme, e.g. phospholipase A2 is dependent on the effect of perturbagen upon the function a protease, e.g. ubiquitin-specific protease-2.
protease coupled enzyme activity measurement method
The effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity is coupled to a secondary signal. The activity of an enzyme, e.g. luciferase is limited by the availability of one of its substrates (ATP or luciferin), which is coupled to the activity of another enzyme, e.g. a kinase or Cytochrome P450.
substrate coupled enzyme activity measurement method
The effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity is coupled to a secondary signal. The activity of an enzyme, e.g. luciferase is limited by the availability of one of its substrates, namely, ATP, which is coupled to the activity of another enzyme, e.g. a kinase, ATPase, etc.
ATP coupled enzyme activity measurement method
The effect of a perturbagen on an enzyme activity is coupled to a secondary signal. The activity of an enzyme, e.g. luciferase is limited by the availability of one of its substrates, namely, luciferin, which is coupled to the activity of another enzyme, e.g. a Cytochrome P450, protease, etc.
luciferin coupled enzyme activity measurement method
The serum used in cell culture medium. Cultured cells require serum or growth factors for growth by cell division. In the laboratory, each cell type is grown in a medium supplemented with a variable concentration of serum (up to 20%) which is optimized for its growth. Specialized sera include dextran charcoal treated serum, which lacks certain hormones, growth factors, etc, dialyzed serum, which lacks low molecular weight molecules (below 10,000 MW), such as glucose, amino acids, low molecular weight hormones, cytokines, etc. Most commonly, fetal bovine serum is used in cell culture, but other sera such as horse serum are also used.
The serum used in assay medium while performing a cell-based assay and is optimized for each assay type. In certain assays, the cells could be maintained at either a lower concentration of the serum or in a specialized serum, including dextran charcoal treated serum, dialyzed serum, etc. This is done to avoid interference with the assay measurements.
protein G-based affinity purification method
antigen-based affinity purification method
protein A-based affinity purification method
protein A/G-based affinity purification method
protein L-based affinity purification method
The different varieties or classes of antibodies, which differ in their properties and biological functions.
The role of a company as a creator of an assay kit, compound library, or detection instrument.
The role of an individual, who works at an academic institution as a creator of a chemical compound.
The role of a company as a creator of reagents and assay kits.
The role of a company as a creator of a compound library.
The role of a company as a creator of detection instrumentation.
Bandwidth is the range of wavelength of light that it allows to pass through the filter, which is either excitation or emission type.
This categorizes the distinct roles played by antibodies in recognizing either the antigen or an antibody itself.
The role of an antibody to detect and bind a specific antigen in a sample (cell, tissue, protein blot).
The role of an antibody to detect and bind a primary antibody in a sample (cell, tissue, protein blot).
A quality of a protein that harbors a variation from the native protein (called canonical form), which could arise due to alternative promoter usage, alternative splicing, alternative translation initiation and ribosomal frameshifting.
A gene that performs the role of encoding a reporter protein, which can easily be detected in an assay, e.g., luciferase gene that encodes the luciferase protein. DNA constructs that contain reporter genes are excellent tools to understand regulation of gene expression.
90% reduction of a predefined stimulus. Unit of Measure is always % when normalized to the dynamic range of the assay.
A clone of BHK (Baby hamster kidney) cells.
AMINCO-Bowman Series 2 Luminescence Spectrometer
The role played by a molecular entity that is added as an ingredient to an assay.
ELISA cAMP Competition Assay using cAMP-Screen Direct System
Vybrant MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit
cofactor coupled enzyme activity measurement method
Phospho(Thr180/Tyr182)/Total p38 Assay Whole Cell Lysate Kit
luciferase enzyme activity measurement method
Recognizes a phosphorylated epitope (S/T)P found in phosphoproteins such as MAP2, HSP70, cdc25, and DNA topoisomerase IIa, most of which are phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis. The number of phosphoproteins recognized by MPM-2 varies from species to species and with the cell type.
Raw sample measurements are normalized relative to positive and negative control samples with known activity and inactivity. Endpoints are usually expressed as percentage, which include percent activity, percent inhibition, etc.
Where control samples are not available, data can be normalized statistically assuming that the majority of the samples are negative, i.e. not active. An example is z-score.
Measured / detected concentration of the perturbagen / compound in the assay or a subsystem (locally) in the assay. For example measured absolute concentration in the brain. This is in contrast to screening concentration, which is the (final assumed) concentration of a compound added to the assay.
Methods to process the measurement into the result type / endpoint reported as the final outcome of the assay; or other characteristics of the assay, which as data characterizing quality of an assay. Includes endpoint normalization and assay quality assessment.
Clearance is defined as the volume of plasma cleared of a drug over a specified time period.
An organism behavior assay evaluates an organism's response to specific stimuli or in a particular environment and how it is influenced by various factors, like genetics, environment, or drugs.
The time taken for the concentration of the drug in a particular tissue or blood plasma to decrease by half.
The time taken for the concentration of the drug in an in-vitro system (e.g., liver microsomes) to decrease by half.
The area under the drug concentration-time curve following an oral dose.
The area under the drug concentration-time curve following an intravenous dose.
Clearance of the drug due to renal excretion.
Clearance of the drug due to hepatic enzyme activity and biliary excretion.
The ability of a chemical substance to dissolve in water.
beta galactosidase enzyme activity assay
phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate
This assay quantifies the expression level of the entire gene pool in a cell or a subpopulation (e.g. tissue-specific gene expression, kinases) using either microarray, bead method, RNASeq, or reporter gene method.
ADP coupled enzyme activity measurement method
proliferation of human breast tumor cells
A rate measure of how quickly a compound crosses a biological or artificial membrane, expressed in centimeters per second (cm/s), calculated from the transport rate normalized to membrane area and donor concentration
apparent permeability coefficient (Papp)
The concentration of compound that elicits an extension of circadian period length by 5 hours.
A person that performs scientific research and could have the capability of synthesizing new chemical entities.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 1000.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 10.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 26.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 35.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 40.
The compound concentration at which the fitted curve passes activity threshold 500.
The compound concentration whereupon perceived activity reaches the maximum value observed (with a positive control).
The compound concentration whereupon perceived activity (change in Tm) reaches the maximum value observed (with a positive control).
The agonist concentration whereupon perceived activity reaches the maximum value observed (with a positive control).
The compound concentration whereupon perceived activity (fold increase) reaches the maximum value observed (with a positive control).
The compound concentration whereupon perceived activity (percent inhibition) reaches the maximum value observed (with a positive control).
calcium-mediated signaling using intracellular calcium
second messenger competitive binding assessment method
Small molecule that can bind to sites other than the receptor active site and affect activity of the receptor.
Organization in BAO is the organizational affiliation of individuals / people or laboratories that develop assays or perform screens or manufacture, commercialize entities used in performing assay experiments (assay kits, instruments, etc).
An imageing cytometer is an instrument for image-based study or measurement of cells. (definition from OBI)
Intelligent Imaging Innovations www.intelligent-imaging.com
TTP LabTech http://www.ttplabtech.com/products/acumen/index.html
Thermo Fisher Scientific www.cellomics.com
BD Biosciences http://www.bdbiosciences.com/instruments/pathway/index.jsp
FLUXION http://www.fluxionbio.com/products/bioflux-live-cell-imaging-with-flow/
Brooks Life Science Systems http://www.brooks.com/products/life-science-systems/instruments-and-devices/celigo-cytometer
Yokogawa http://www.yokogawa.com/scanner/products/cv1000e.htm
Yokogawa http://www.yokogawa.com/hca/product/cv6000.htm
Yokogawa http://www.yokogawa.com/hca/product/cv7000.htm
Amnis https://www.amnis.com/documents/brochures/FS_Brochure_Final.pdf
CompuCyte http://www.compucyte.com/icyte.htm
Amnis https://www.amnis.com/documents/brochures/ISX-MKII%20Brochure_Final_Web.pdf
ImageStreamX Mark II Imaging Flow Cytometer
Molecular Devices http://www.moleculardevices.com/Products/Instruments/High-Content-Screening.html
formerly known as: isocyte cytometer Molecular Devices http://www.moleculardevices.com/Products/Instruments/High-Content-Screening.html
ImageXpress Velos Laser Scanning Cytometer
GE Healthcare http://www.biacore.com/high-content-analysis/index.html
Perkin Elmer http://www.perkinelmer.com/pages/020/cellularimaging/products/opera.xhtml
Perkin Elmer http://www.perkinelmer.com/pages/020/cellularimaging/products/operetta.xhtml
life technologies http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Cell-Analysis/Cellular-Imaging/imaging-cytometry/Tali-Image-Cytometer/Tali-Image-Cytometer-Specifications.html
assay readout parameter is the outcome of image analysis and is most often a calculated value. This includes 'parameters', such as 'intensity', 'count', 'morphology', etc which are all dependent on phenotype, e.g., intensity and count (number of bright spots) are a result of the amount of gene expression, and morphology is dependent on morphological phenotype, which is detected by the expression of a marker.
Since 'measurement' and 'parameter' are so similar in HCS, we need to decide on one term that says it all.
counting parameter is an output of the device measuring the number of the subject.
densitometric parameter is an output of the device that is the density value of the subject by measuring the amount of light or fluorescence detected on the image.
intensity parameter is an output of the device measuring the intensity value for the light signal of the subject.
morphometric parameter is an output of image analysis measuring a structure, a concept that encompasses size and shape of the subject (cells, organisms).
Cellomics BrdU and Ki67 Cell Proliferation Kit
Cellomics Cytoskeletal Rearrangement Kit
Cellomics Multiparameter Cytotoxicity 1 Kit
Cellomics Multiplexed NFκB and c-Jun Activation Kit
Cellomics Multiplexed p53 and p21 Detection Kit
It is performed to quantify the interactions between two molecules, e.g. small molecule-protein, protein-protein, protein-DNA, etc.
It is performed to quantify the interactions between two protein molecules, using methods such as protein fragment complementation assay, immunoassay, radioligand binding, etc.
It reports the size and shape of cells and organelles (phenotype). These are detected by microscopy.
It is performed to measure the movement of cells and organelles (phenotype). These are detected by microscopy.
It is used to measure the effect of a perturbagen on the enzyme activity, which can be measured either directly or coupled to a secondary signal.
This assay quantifies the expression level of the entire gene pool in a cell or a subpopulation (e.g. tissue-specific gene expression, kinases) using a bead-based method.
This reports the membrane potential of a cell by using electrophysiological techniques or by staining with dyes whose binding is dependent on the membrane potential.
Ion channel assays are performed in electrically active cells: neurons, muscle, and endocrine cells.
This assay quantifies the protein folding/conformation using technologies, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism are used to determine the protein folding/conformation.
It is performed to measure the redistribution of organelles and molecules within the cell (proteins, second messengers, metal ions, dyes, etc. ). This is visualized by microscopy.
This assay quantifies the amount of a mature transcript that is produced after splicing. Splicing is a modification of an mRNA intermediate after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. It can be detected by several methods, namely, the use of a reporter gene, RNA-Seq, specialiez microarrays, etc.
This assay allows the identification of new drugs that sensitize or desensitize the sensitivity of a cell to its signaling molecule (e.g calcium, light). The perturbagen has the role 'sensitizer' in this assay.
An assay that measures molecular processes by which cells convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signals, encompassing receptor activation, second messengers, and downstream effectors.
It measures the types and amounts of cytokines that are released as the consequence of a signaling event. Cytokines can be quantitated using ELISA-based kits, PCR array, etc.
This assay quantifies the modification that a protein can undergo after it is synthesized by translation. E.g. phosphorylation, acetylation, etc. The modification status is detected by one of several methods such as using modification specific antibodies followed by western blotting, imaging; mass spectrometry, etc.
This assay quantifies the phosphorylation levels of a protein. The phosphorylation status is detected by one of several methods: using phosphorylation specific antibodies followed by western blotting or imaging, mass spectrometry, etc.
detect some (protein phosphorilation and ('catalyzed by' some kinase))
Reporter gene assay measures the gene expression from a reporter gene. The reporter gene is inserted under the control of a foreign promoter or an artificial regulatory element of interest. Reporters include luciferase, beta galactosidase, beta lactamase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, or a fluorescent protein.
reports some ('gene expression' and ('has part' some 'reporter gene')) needs clean up to say has part gene with role of reporter.
This assay quantifies the second messengers (calcium, cAMP, cGMP) produced in the cell as a result of a signaling event.
This assay quantifies the activity of a transporter that carries proteins, cofactors, ions, drugs, etc. across the cell membranes. Fluorescence-conjugated dyes or radiolabeled ligands are used to quantitate the various molecular entities that are being transported.
This assay type measures the cellular state of living or dying by measuring an indicator of life or death. Cell life indicators include ATP content, cell number, dehydrogenase activity, DNA content, esterase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity, and protease activity. Cell death indicators include caspase activity, chromatin condensation, and phospholipid redistribution.
This assay quantifies the protein turnover, which is a natural phenomenon in healthy cells, but becomes aberrant in diseased cells. The protein that is needed to be degraded first undergoes ubiquitinated. Ubiquitinated proteins are degraded in the proteasome complex. The protein degradation is quantitated by using reporters, such as green fluorescent protein as proteasome substrates.
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene assay
The categorization of different functional or non-functional elements in DNA.
The DNA region that is involved in initiating and modulating transcription.
The region of a gene that codes for RNA.
A synthetic DNA element that is known to be regulated by a transcription factor/s, which is cloned upstream of a gene of interest.
The regulatory DNA from a non-native gene, e.g., the regulatory region from the actin gene being cloned upstream of the myosin gene in a DNA construct.
The regulatory DNA from a native gene, e.g., the regulatory region from the actin gene being cloned upstream of the actin gene in a DNA construct.
The technologies used to quantify the expression level of the entire gene pool in a cell or a subpopulation (e.g. tissue-specific gene expression, kinases pool, etc.) using one of the three methods, namely: microarray, bead based method or RNASeq.
phosphoprotein-specific antibody-coated bead based method
Gene-specific DNA is immobilized by spotting on a solid support, such as a glass slide. The DNA is hybridized with labeled nucleic acids from a sample and the signals measured, which reflect the composition of the sample nucleic acids. This is performed to quantify gene expression under various situations,e.g. diseases, development, etc.
RNA-Seq is an approach for transcriptome profiling which uses deep-sequencing technologies. RNA-Seq, also called "Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing" ("WTSS") and dubbed "a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics", refers to the use of High-throughput sequencing technologies to sequence cDNA in order to get information about a sample's RNA content, a technique that is quickly becoming invaluable in the study of diseases like cancer. Thanks to the deep coverage and base level resolution provided by next-generation sequencing instruments, RNA-Seq provides researchers with efficient ways to measure transcriptome data experimentally, allowing them to get information such as how different alleles of a gene are expressed, detect post-transcriptional mutations or identifying gene fusions.
The methods required to perform typical screening assay. These include the assay design methods (to generate a detectable signal) and assay supporting methods. Assay methods include laboratory methods. Computational methods are not currently categorized as assay methods, although some may also be used to process the assay measurement results.
nucleic acid identification and quantitation method
The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent required to inhibit the growth of 50% of organisms.
It is the dose that produces an effect in 50% of the tested population, or the dose required to produce half-maximal response.
The time required for a drug to reach maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) following administration.
The negative logarithm (log10) of the molar concentration of antagonist which requires the agonist concentration to be doubled in order to achieve the original response.
In the disk diffusion susceptibility test, the zone of inhibition is the clear area surrounding an antimicrobial disk where bacterial growth is inhibited, usually measured as a diameter. The diameter of the zone of inhibition is proportional to the susceptibility of the organism tested.
Volume of Distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total drug administered would need to be distributed to produce the concentration that is observed in plasma. Measured as the total amount of drug in the body divided by the concentration of drug in the plasma.
The theoretical volume in which the total drug administered would need to be distributed to produce the concentration that is observed in plasma at steady state i.e when the rate of change of amount of drug in the body is zero. VdSS is proportional to the amount of drug in the body versus the plasma concentration of the drug at steady state (pseudo-equilibrium).
Bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (or %) of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action. It is usually determined as the ratio of AUC(oral)/AUC(iv).
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity (from OBI).
has associated disease some disease or is bearer of disease (relation in new RO) Disease import from DOID
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together (from Gene Ontology).
piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride
The role of a molecular entity to initiate a biological process. E.g., interferon-gamma has an inducer role in STAT-1 mediated transcriptional activation of cells.
The role of a molecular entity (small molecule, siRNA/shRNA, etc.) in altering the activity of proteins that serve as targets in a bioassay.
The role of a molecular entity as a known activator of a target/pathway, added prior to screening the compounds for selective inhibitor indications (e.g., forskolin is a potentiator for Gi/o pathway of G-proteins).
The role of a protein to be easily detected in an assay by virtue of its innate properties (fluorescence) or catalyzing a reaction that result in easily measurable products, such as luminescence, colored product, etc. Examples include luciferase, GFP, beta-galactosidase, etc.
The role of a compound to increase or decrease the ability of a cell to respond to its signaling molecule.
The role of a molecular entity to serve as the input for an enzymatic reaction that generates a product, e.g. ATP has the role of a substrate for ATPase, which hydrolyzes it to produce ADP and Pi.
The role of a molecular entity (protein or nucleic acid) that is the presumed subject of an assay and whose activity is being regulated by an entity with a perturbagen role in that assay.
The role of a molecular entity of specifying the cell's status of being alive, e.g., ATP.
A chemical entity that has the role of depolarization, which is to make the cell's membrane potential more negative.
The role of a chemical entity to distinguish two populations of cells, e.g., ampicillin is added to culture medium to identify ampicillin resistant bacteria.
Alphascreen second messenger IP1 detection kit
LanthaScreen Co-Factor Interaction Assay
single cell protein secretion microfluidic assay
A common in vitro ADME assay that tests the stability of compounds when incubated with liver microsomes (subcellular fractions which contain membrane-bound drug-metabolizing enzymes). Assay is used to measure in vitro intrinsic clearance or to identify metabolites formed. Typically liver microsomes from one or more mammalian species (mouse, rat, dog, monkey, human) are analyzed to understand differences in metabolism. Can be reported as % recovery after a set time (single timepoint), or as half-life (multiple timepoints).
A common in vitro ADME assay that tests the stability of compounds when incubated with plasma. Assay is used to measure stability of new chemical entities in plasma, as compounds that rapidly degrade in plasma generally show poor in vivo efficacy. Typically lplasma from one or more mammalian species (mouse, rat, dog, monkey, human) are analyzed. Can be reported as % recovery after a set time (single timepoint), or as half-life (multiple timepoints).
Caco-2 permeability assay is an in vitro ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) assay that uses Caco-2 cell line (derived from human colon carcinoma) to assess bidirectional transport (apical to basolateral (A?B) and basolateral to apical (B?A)) across a confluent epithelial cell monolayer. Primarily used to predict in vivo absorption across the intestinal epithelium, this assay can also serve as a cost-effective early screen for passive permeability in drug discovery, including as a preliminary filter for compounds intended to cross other biological barriers such as the bloodbrain barrier.
Physicochemical assays measure inherent properties of molecules, and include turbidimetric and thermodynamic solubility (in water or PBS), chemical stability, pKa, and lipophilicity (logP and logD)
A physicochemical assay that measures the maximum solubility of a molecule in a particular solvent (typically water or PBS).
An in vivo efficacy assay is a study perfromed in a whole, living organism (usually an animal such as a mouse or rat) to test the effects of a treatment on a specific disease modeled in this animal.
Gel electrophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge. This general method encompasses different types of matrices (gels) with different properties. The most common types are polyacrylamide and agarose, both low-throughput methods.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), describes a technique to separate biological macromolecules, usually proteins or nucleic acids, according to their electrophoretic mobility. Mobility is a function of the length, conformation and charge of the molecule. Gels can be native or denaturing (urea for nucleic acids, SDS for proteins). A low-throughput method.
Agarose gel electrophoresis is a method to separate a mixed population of DNA or proteins in a matrix of agarose. The proteins may be separated by charge and/or size, and the DNA and RNA fragments by length, by applying an electric field to move the charged molecules through an agarose matrix. A low-throughput method.
Coverslips are typically thin square pieces of glass
16 well electronic plate ('E Plate 16' (Roche Diagnostics)), used for electrophysiology
The word 'chip' is used to describe any flat surface (glass, plastic, other) that may be coated or treated to impart certain properties to help in either the immobilization and/or measurement of certain properties of varied macromolecules (protien, nucleic acid, small molecule). If an array of molecules is immobilized on a chip, the preferred term is 'array'.
Sensor chip CM5 is a chip used in Biacore (GE Healthcare) systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to measure molecular interactions with at least one molecule immobilized on a sensor surface. CM5 sensor chips have a matrix of carboxymethylated dextran covalently attached to a gold surface.
Assays performed in the pre-clinical development stage. These are assays on a lead candidate to develop it to an Investigative New Drug (IND). This stage typically includes both in vitro and in vivo assays, including thorough PK/PD profiling, toxicity, and in vivo dosing/ formulation optimization for efficacy.
Protein profiling assays can be used to identify and quantify proteins together with their post-translational modifications
An assay that is used to identify in a data-dependent mode proteins by combining the HPLC and MS methods. It is also known as liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) MS is a mass spectrometrical method thatcouples data-independent acquisition is coupled with peptide spectral library match
A targeted phosphoproteomic assay that uses a data-driven approach to identify and quantify a set of 96 phosphopeptide probes
Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) is a an assay that measures multiple protein expression levels in a large number of biological samples simultaneously using high quality antibodies
Epigenetic assays that can be used to identify epigenome modifications together with the epigenetic enzymes that regulate it. The epigenetic assays are split in two categories: targeted epigenetic assays and epigenetic profiling assays depending on whether they are used to identify a modifications on a global scale or only measure and identify a predetermined list of targets
Assays that measure a targeted and predetermined subset of the epigenetic modifications in a cell
An assay that quantifies the levels of the acetylated histones in a cell. Acetylated histones are involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and thetranscription factor recruitment
An assay that quantifies the levels of the methylated histones in a cell
An assay that identifies genome-wide DNA binding sites for transcription factors and other proteins
Assays that are used to capture the genome-wide epigenetic modifications in a cell
An assay that is used to determine themethylation marks in a cells genome
ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) is an assay that identifies open-chromatin sites on the whole genome level by using theTn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin
A mass spectrometry-based assay that is used to identify and quantify post-translational modifications on histone proteins from bulk chromatin
global chromatin epigenetic profiling assay
Assays that identify and quantify cell metabolites (metabolic analytes)
Assays that profile key metabolomic parameters
A high throughput live-cell microarray screening assay that is used to detect metabolic analytes such as oxygen, pH and glucose at the single-cell level
Assays that quantify the expression of a predetermined RNA transcript / set of transcripts
An assay that uses NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) to quantify the expression of the entire RNA transcripts in a cell / cell population
L1000 is a bead-based, high-throughput gene expression assay in which cultured cells are treated with various chemical and genetic perturbations and the corresponding transcriptional responses are measured
An assay that uses barcoded hybridization probes to quantify the expression of RNA transcripts
An array based method that simultaneously measures the expression of tens of thousands of RNA transcripts
Bead-based immunoassay for protein state
Fluorescence imaging cell cycle state assay
Fluorescence imaging cell growth inhibition assay
Fluorescence imaging multiplex cytological profiling assay
Fluorescence imaging protein state assay
P100 phosphoprotein quantification assay
A variant of the BRET assay utilizing Nanoluc luciferace, providing higher stability, smaller size, greater separation of donor and acceptor wavelengths, and higher fluorescence intensity, enabling more accurate and precise quantification of protein-protein interactions
A variant of the BRET assay utilizing Nanoluc luciferace, providing higher stability, smaller size, greater separation of donor and acceptor wavelengths, and higher fluorescence intensity, enabling more accurate and precise quantification of protein-small molecule interactions
A specific application of protein-small molecule NanoBRET examining the interaction of small molecules with specific kinases
Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) MS Protein Quantification
Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS) protein quantification
A method which determines the permeability of substances from a donor compartment, through a lipid-infused artificial membrane into an acceptor compartment. At the beginning of the test, the drug is added to the donor compartment, and the acceptor compartment is drug-free. After an incubation period the amount of drug is measured in each compartment. Mass balance allows calculation of drug that remains in the membrane. It is used as an in vitro model of passive, transcellular permeation to predict oral absorption. PAMPA is an alternative to the cell-based Caco-2 permeability assay
The PAMPA assay is used as an in vitro model of passive, transcellular permeability.
This descripts the relative maximum throughput of an assay in regards to its screening potential.
An assay that measures the activation of G proteincoupled receptors by quantifying downstream signaling events induced by ligand stimulation
A variant of a BRET assay wherein fluorescently tagged beta-arrestin2 is detected when in proximity of a G-protein coupled receptor with an Rluc C-terminal tag.
Beta-arrestin2 fused to the TEV protease liberates a tTA molecule fused to the C-terminus of a target G-protein coupled receptor when in close proximity, resulting in a tTA-driven expression of RLuc from a genomic TETO7-RLuc locus.
Measure release of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex from G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). When activated GPCRs catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-alpha subunit of the Galpha-beta-gamma heterotrimeric complex, resulting in the disassociation of these subunits from the GPCR of interest.
Heterotrimeric G-protein dissassociation assay
Measures heterotrimer G-protein disassociation using BRET between alpha and gamma subunits.
A permeability assay is a standardized in vitro or ex vivo experimental procedure used to quantitatively measure the rate and mechanism by which a substance (typically a drug candidate or small molecule) traverses a biological or synthetic semi-permeable barrier.
The Ussing Chamber permeability assay is a fundamental electrophysiological technique used to measure the active and passive transport of ions, nutrients, and drug molecules across a biological membrane or epithelial cell monolayer.
The MDCK-BCRP permeability assay is a functional in vitro system used to quantify the overall directional permeability (Papp) of a compound across a cellular barrier. The assay utilizes a polarized cell monolayer (MDCK cells stably transfected with human BCRP) on a filter support, which allows for simultaneous measurement of both passive permeability (non-saturable movement across the lipid membrane) and BCRP-mediated active efflux (energy-dependent transport).
MDCK permeability assay is a cell-based drug discovery assay using monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to measure how well a compound permeates a biological barrier, often to predict its intestinal absorption or potential for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.
The RRCK permeability assay is a proprietary in vitro assay that uses a specific subclone of the MDCK canine kidney cell line to determine a compound's passive membrane permeability coefficient (Papp) across a cellular monolayer. The RRCK cell line is characterized by low or minimal expression of endogenous efflux transporters, which reduces interference from active transport mechanisms, thus isolating the passive diffusion component of drug permeation.
The LLC-PK1 monolayer permeability assay is an in vitro experimental system used in pharmacology and drug discovery to quantitatively assess the rate of transport of drug candidates across a cellular barrier, specifically focusing on passive transcellular permeability and the activity of specific drug efflux/uptake transporters.
LLCPK1 monolayer bidirectional permeability
bidirectional permeability across LLCPK1 monolayers
The MDCKII monolayer permeability assay utilizes a Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) epithelial cell sub-line, which, when grown on porous transwell filters, rapidly differentiates to form a tight, polarized cellular barrier. This system is employed to measure the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of a compound across the barrier, providing a high-throughput screening tool to estimate passive transcellular permeability and the likelihood of intestinal absorption.
MDCKII monolayer bidirectional permeability
bidirectional permeability across MDCKII monolayers
An assay that uses an in vitro system to quantify the metabolic clearance rate of a test compound and/or identify its metabolite structures to characterize the compound's metabolic stability in the early stages of drug development.
metabolite identification and profiling assay
target mediated drug disposition determination
hepatocyte co-culture low clearance assay
enzymatic simulated gastric fluid stability
simulated gastric fluid stability (enzymatic)
stability in simulated gastric fluids with enzymes
simulated gastric fluid stability assay (with enzymes)
enzymatic simulated intestinal fluid stability
simulated intestinal fluid stability assay (with enzymes)
simulated intestinal fluid stability assay
stability in simulated interstitial fluid
simulated interstitial fluid stability assay
in vitro liver cytosol stability for aldehyde oxidase substrates
flavin monooxygenases reaction phenotyping
flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo3): screening for substrates
carboxylesterases (ces1 and ces2): screening for substrate and inhibitor
CYP chemical inhibition reaction phenotyping
recombinant CYP reaction phenotyping assay
CYP phenotyping - monoclocal antibody inhibition
UGT chemical inhibition reaction phenotyping
recombinant UGT reaction phenotyping assay
plasma protein binding (equilibrium dialysis)
human mammary epithelial cell permeability assay
CYP Induction in human hepatocytes - 3A4 Relative Induction Score (RIS)
CYP time-dependent Inhibition (IC50 shift)
CYP time-dependent Inhibition shifted IC50
CYP450 time-dependent Inhibition IC50 shift
Cytochrome P450 time-dependent Inhibition IC50 shift
CYP time dependent inhibition IC50 shift assay
CYP time-dependent Inhibition (Ki/kinact)
CYP time-dependent Inhibition (kinact/Ki)
CYP450 time-dependent Inhibition (kinact/Ki)
Cytochrome P450 time-dependent Inhibition (kinact/Ki)
CYP time dependent inhibition kinact/KI assay
CYP time-dependent Inhibition (single point)
CYP time dependent inhibition single point assay
An assay that measures how a test compound inhibits one or more UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by quantifying the reduction in the formation rate of glucuronide metabolites (relative to control) under defined conditions
An efflux transporter inhibition assay is a standardized in vitro pharmacological experiment designed to determine the potential of a test compound to inhibit the function of specific efflux transporters (membrane proteins that actively pump substrates out of cells).
A BSEP inhibition assay is a critical in vitro functional assay used to measure the potential of a drug or chemical to inhibit the Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP), also known as ABCB11. The primary purpose of the assay is to evaluate the risk of Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) associated with a test compound.
A BCRP inhibition assay is a specific in vitro functional assay used to characterize the activity of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP or ABCG2) efflux transporter. It is primarily designed to assess the potential of a test compound (inhibitor) to block BCRP's active transport function, thereby mitigating its efflux activity.
The MRP2 inhibition assay is a functional in vitro study that quantifies a compound's ability to block the active efflux function of the human Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 (MRP2 or ABCC2) transporter. It typically uses inside-out membrane vesicles (IOVs) prepared from MRP2-expressing cells, which allows the transporter's ATP-dependent efflux activity to be measured as an easily quantifiable substrate accumulation into the vesicle.
The P-gp inhibition assay is a functional in vitro study that quantifies the concentration-dependent disruption of the active efflux function of the human P-glycoprotein (P-gp or ABCB1) transporter. This ATP-driven efflux activity, which normally pushes drug substrates out of cells, is measured as a decrease in the P-gp-mediated transport of a probe substrate (like digoxin) when the test compound is present in a polarized cell monolayer or an inside-out membrane vesicle system.
A MATE1 inhibition assay is an in vitro functional assay designed to determine the potential of a test compound to block the transport function of the Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion 1 (MATE1 or SLC47A1) transporter. The assay utilizes MATE1's role as a proton-cation antiporter to measure its active transport activity and the subsequent IC50 of the inhibitor. This is accomplished by intentionally reversing MATE1's physiological efflux direction to simplify detection.
The MATE2 inhibition assay is a functional in vitro assay used to evaluate the potential of a drug candidate to inhibit the transport activity of the human Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion 2-K (MATE2-K or SLC47A2) transporter. The assay fundamentally measures the interference with MATE2-K-mediated active efflux (the physiological function) by observing the effect on substrate accumulation in a cell system.
efflux transporter substrate identification
uptake transporter substrate identification
sandwich-cultured human cryopreserved hepatocyte
sandwich cultured human hepatocyte assay
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling
physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model
An assay used to detect and characterize the formation of chemically reactive metabolites from a parent drug. The assay determines if a drug is bioactivated into an electrophilic species that can covalently bind to the nucleophilic thiol of glutathione (GSH), a major cellular antioxidant. The formation of GSH adducts serves as an important indicator of a drug's potential to cause toxicity through reactive metabolites.
An assay that measures the activity of a specific intracellular signaling pathway, defined as an ordered sequence of molecular events that propagate signals within the cell to regulate downstream responses.
An assay conducted in living organisms to measure the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to establish the quantitative relationship between systemic drug exposure and pharmacological response
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study
delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice
delayed-type hypersensitivity mouse model
T-cell cytotoxicity mediated killing assay
An assay that detects early apoptotic cells by exploiting the Ca²⁺-dependent binding of fluorescently labeled Annexin V to phosphatidylserine (PS) residues that have become externalized on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during apoptosis.
equilibrium dialysis for protein binding
γH2AX, pNBS1, and β-catenin immuno assay
γH2AX, pNBS1, and β-catenin Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assay
DiscoverX G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)max pharmacology panel
In vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, or in silico experimental evaluation of hit compounds in order to determine basic information about their safety, biological efficacy, and/or ADME properties.
A disease model is an animal or cells displaying all or some of the pathological processes that are observed in the actual human or animal disease.
An assay where the measure signal is a direct or coupled readout of the proteins native mechanistic or conformational cycle. This can include: (1) assays that directly or indirectly measure product of an enzymatic cycle (e.g.: NADPH consumption, antibody based detection of phosphorylated peptide substrate, mass spec product detection and quantitation, electrofluidic mobility shift assay, etc); (2) assays that directly or indirectly measure the transmission of signal as a result of the interaction with a membrane bound receptor detected through fluorescent dye that detects the release of intracellular calcium, nuclear receptor, and (3) biochemical assays that measures the increase or decrease of an RNA transcript as a result of interaction with a nuclear receptor
An assay where the measured signal is a phenotypic response of the system or the readout is indirect (e.g. comparing cell survival between wildtype and mutant protein).
Toxicology, as a subdivision of pharmacology, entails the meticulous investigation of the adverse effects imparted by chemical substances on living organisms.
A clearance assay evaluates how quickly a substance is removed or "cleared" from a biological system, such as the body or a cellular environment. These assays can be in vivo, which are performed on living organisms (e.g., to measure glymphatic clearance in mice), or in vitro, which are performed in a lab setting using cells or tissues
Intrinsic metabolic clearance is defined as ratio of maximum metabolism rate, Vmax, and the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km.
Guinea pig ileum assay measures the inhibitory effect of opioid receptor activation on electrically stimulated smooth muscle contractions, reflecting the reduction in excitatory neurotransmitter release in isolate tissue (guinea pig ileum, GPI). GPI assay investigates selectivity of Mu opioid receptors in guinea pig ileum.
[DefinitionUpdate: BAO v 2.8.15 (May 2025)] [NodeCreation: BAO v 2.8.13 (March 2025)]
Opioid Drug Ontology (ODO) (https://opioiddrugontology.github.io/) - Nicolette Ross (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-2140)
Mouse vas deferens assay measures the inhibitory effect of opioid receptor activation on electrically stimulated smooth muscle contractions, reflecting the reduction in excitatory neurotransmitter release in isolate tissue (mouse vas deferens, MVD). MVD assay investigates selectivity of delta opioid receptors in mouse vas deferens.
Smooth muscle contraction assay measures the inhibitory effect of opioid receptor activation on electrically stimulated smooth muscle contractions, reflecting the reduction in excitatory neurotransmitter release in isolate tissue (rabbit vas deferens, RVD assay investigates selectivity of kappa opioid receptors in mouse vas deferens).
The term antinociception refers to the reduction of pain states observed in nonhuman animals, where evaluating the subjective experience of pain is not feasible.
Organ function assays are based on observing outcomes based on organ function such as micturition assays (urine output) or gut function assays (gut transit, or gut motility assays) in live animals.
Organ function assays are based on observing outcomes based on organ function such as micrition assays (urine output) or gut function assays (gut transit, or gut motility assays) in live animals.
Kidney function assays (micturition assays) are assays that measure urination or voiding behaviour of animals.
Gut function assays in preclinical animal models evaluate parameters associated with gut function such as motility in colon sections, transit throughout the gastrointestinal system, or general status of gut microbiome.
Gut transit assays evaluate the duration of time it takes for a substance (i.e. charcoal meal in gastrointestinal motility test) to move through the entire intestestinal tract.
Gut motility assays in isolated sections of colon monitor characteristics of migrating contractions recorded in isolated colon, but do not reflect gut transit throughout the entire gastrointestinal system.
Accumulation assays are techniques used to measure receptor signaling activities by directly or indirectly quantifying intracellular molecules, such as second messengers.
Accumulation assays are techniques used to measure receptor signaling activities by directly or indirectly quantifying intracellular levels of second messengers.
cAMP accumulation assays are methods used to measure receptor signaling activities by directly or indirectly quantifying intracellular cAMP levels. These assays often involve forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, where forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase to amplify cAMP levels following the activation of the stimulatory G protein (Gs).
Label-free receptor assays commonly involve recording real-time, integrated signals from whole cells. These comprehensive measurements capture the complexity of receptor signaling, enabling the study of receptor systems biology, receptor cross-talk, and the integration of receptor signaling pathways.
Pre-clinical assays that evaluate thermal (hot and cold) pain thresholds in animals.
Pre-clinical assays that induce chemical injuries in test animals to evaluate chemical pain thresholds (more commonly chemically induced inflammation).
A preclinical mechanical nociception assay is used to evaluate sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, classifying responses into dynamic (triggered by brushing), punctate (triggered by touch), and static (triggered by pressure) nociception. Dynamic mechanical sensitivity is typically assessed by gently brushing the skin with tools such as a cotton bud, paintbrush, or cotton ball, mimicking conditions that may evoke nociceptive responses, including contact with clothing, bed sheets, or towels.
The [35S]GTPγS assay is an assay that evaluates G protein activation triggered by agonist binding to a GPCR. It does so by measuring the binding of the non-hydrolyzable [35S]GTPγS analog to Gα subunits, providing a functional readout of receptor occupancy at one of the earliest receptor-mediated signaling events. This assay is done in many different formats including in cell lines, cell membrane, tissue homogenate, and SPA.
[35S]GTPgammaS radioligand binding assay
Smooth muscle assay are organ-bath based ex vivo assay that measure the inhibition or activation of electrically stimulated twitch tissue isolated in an organ bath. The assay endpoint is the measurement of the isometric contraction of an isolated smooth muscle.
hERG patch clamp assay is a bioassay that uses patch clamp electrophysiology to measure the activity of hERG potassium channels in vitro. It assesses the extent to which a compound inhibits hERG channel currents, providing a functional evaluation of a drugs potential to cause QT interval prolongation and associated cardiac arrhythmias.
[NodeCreation: BAO v 2.8.14 (April 2025)]
Semantic Enrichment of ELN Data (SEED) (https://www.pistoiaalliance.org) - Joan Glenny Pescov (https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8186-7058)
hERG binding assay is a bioassay that measures the binding affinity of a compound to hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) potassium channels using radiolabeled ligands. This assay serves as an in vitro screening method to assess the potential of a drug to interact with hERG channels, providing early insight into the risk of drug-induced QT interval prolongation.
Langendorff assay is an ex vivo bioassay that measures cardiac function by perfusing an isolated heart in a controlled system to assess the effects of compounds on parameters such as heart rate, contractility, coronary flow, and electrophysiological activity. This assay enables the evaluation of direct cardiac responses, including arrhythmogenic potential and myocardial performance, independent of systemic influences.
Isolated aorta assay is an ex vivo bioassay that evaluates the contractile and vasorelaxant responses of isolated aortic tissue exposed to test compounds. By measuring changes in vascular tension, this assay assesses the effects of drugs on smooth muscle function, vascular reactivity, and potential cardiovascular liabilities.
Cardiomyocyte repolarization assay is a bioassay that evaluates the effects of compounds on the repolarization phase of action potentials in cardiac cells. By measuring changes in action potential duration or ionic currents in cardiomyocytes, this assay helps assess the potential for drug-induced arrhythmias, including QT interval prolongation.
PTZ-induced convulsion assay is an in vivo bioassay used to evaluate the pro- or anti-convulsant effects of compounds by measuring seizure activity induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a chemical convulsant. This assay helps assess a drugs potential impact on central nervous system excitability and seizure threshold.
Platelet aggregation assay is a bioassay used to measure the extent and rate at which platelets clump together in response to agonists such as ADP, collagen, or thrombin. This assay evaluates the effects of compounds on platelet function and is commonly used to assess pro-thrombotic or anti-thrombotic potential.
Michelson, A. D. (2012). Platelets (3rd ed.). Elsevier
Action potential duration assay is a bioassay that measures the time course of an action potential in excitable cells, particularly cardiomyocytes or neurons, to assess how compounds affect the duration of depolarization and repolarization phases. This assay is used to evaluate drug-induced changes in cardiac or neuronal electrophysiology.
A bioassay that evaluates the effects of compounds on multiple ion channels simultaneously to assess potential drug-induced disruptions in ion channel function. This screening approach is commonly used in safety pharmacology to predict cardiac or neurological liabilities associated with ion channel modulation.
A bioassay that involves continuous electrocardiogram monitoring in freely moving, conscious animals using implanted telemetry devices. This assay is used to assess cardiac electrophysiological parameters, including heart rate, rhythm, and QT interval, to evaluate the potential cardiac effects of drug candidates in a physiologically relevant, unrestrained setting.
A bioassay that records electrical activity in the brain through electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor neuronal function and detect abnormal brain activity such as seizures. This assay is commonly used in safety pharmacology studies to evaluate the potential neurotoxic or proconvulsant effects of drug candidates.
A non-invasive bioassay used to assess respiratory function by measuring parameters such as respiratory rate, tidal volume, and airflow in conscious, unrestrained animals. This method enables evaluation of drug-induced effects on pulmonary function and is commonly used in safety pharmacology for respiratory assessments.
A bioassay that evaluates the effect of compounds on airway constriction by measuring changes in airway resistance or smooth muscle contraction, typically in response to bronchoconstrictive agents. This assay is used to assess drug-induced effects on respiratory function, particularly in the context of asthma or airway hyperresponsiveness.
Raeburn, D., & Giembycz, M. A. (1994). Pharmacology of airway smooth muscle. In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Vol. 98, pp. 447-472). Springer
A bioassay used to detect kidney injury by measuring specific biomarkers indicative of nephrotoxic effects. These assays assess the impact of compounds on renal function or structure through the quantification of biomarkers such as KIM-1, NGAL, or cystatin C, providing early and sensitive detection of drug-induced kidney toxicity.
A bioassay that assesses the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds by measuring their ability to induce mutations in the DNA of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli strains that are deficient in DNA repair. This assay is widely used in drug safety testing to predict genotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity of new compounds.
A bioassay that detects chromosomal damage by measuring the formation of micronuclei, which are small extranuclear bodies containing chromosomal fragments or whole chromosomes located in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. This assay is widely used in toxicology to assess the genotoxic potential of chemical compounds in vitro or in vivo.
LDH release assay is a bioassay that measures the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from damaged or lysed cells into the extracellular environment. It is commonly used to assess cytotoxicity by quantifying the loss of membrane integrity following chemical or biological exposure.
An active efflux substrate assay is a scientific test used to study the ability of a substance (the substrate) to be transported out of a cell by an active efflux pump.
Joan Glenny Pescov (https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8186-7058)
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid, which makes up about half of the volume of blood. Plasma is devoid of cells and, unlike serum, has not clotted.
Serum is the clear cell-free liquid that is separated from clotted blood. Serum differs from plasma in that the blood is first allowed to clot before centrifugation (separating from cells) while plasma preparations entail preventing blood clotting. Both are cell-free and contain antibodies.
Obtained by disrupting and centrifuging human liver or intestine cells, resulting in a combination of cell cytosol and microsomes. It encompasses a diverse array of drug-metabolizing enzymes and serves as a commonly utilized medium for conducting in vitro DMPK studies.
The liquid component of blood devoid of cellular elements (such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and insoluble components, typically obtained through processes like centrifugation or filtration.
Tissue membrane format (often using morter and pestal to homogenize tissue) is considered a cell-free subcellular format that contains issues and broken down components of cells.
The synaptosomal fraction represents neuronal components, specifically crude synaptosomes, which are obtained by breaking open neural tissue and centrifuging it to separate synaptic structures (from neurons) from the soluble cytosolic material. This fraction contains synaptosomes but may also include other cellular contaminants until further purification steps are applied.
The P2 synaptosomal fraction is a crude neuronal sub-cellular fraction enriched in synaptosomes, obtained by centrifuging lysate at 10,000 × g to separate the cytosol (S2) from the pellet, which is resuspended in Buffer B.
Assay format using a permeable support insert (Transwell) to form a polarized cell monolayer separating apical and basolateral compartments for permeability measurements.
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3
A protein that has been modified with either a molecular or protein and can be used either as a method of pulling down, antibody binding, luminescense, or tracer
An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of organic aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds to CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, and also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. The enzyme utilizes molybdenum cofactor and FAD as cofactors.
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 is encoded by the human ABCG2 gene. This protein is involved in the transport of urate, heme, porphyrin and xenobiotics.
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2
Bile salt export pumpis encoded by the human ABCB11 gene. This protein plays a role in bile salt secretion.
The protein-coding gene EST1 located on the chromosome XII.
Reverse transcriptase subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme; essential for telomerase core catalytic activity, involved in other aspects of telomerase assembly and function; mutations in human homolog are associated with aplastic anemia.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 is encoded by the human CYP1A2 gene. This protein is involved in the hydroxylation of fatty acids, steroids and xenobiotics.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is encoded by the human CYP2B6 gene. This protein plays a role in the metabolism of steroids and pharmaceuticals.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 is encoded by the human CYP2C19 gene. This protein is involved in steroid, terpenoid and drug metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 is encoded by the human CYP2C8 gene. This protein is involved in the oxidation of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 is encoded by the human CYP2C9 gene. This protein is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids, steroids and xenobiotics.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 is encoded by the human CYP3A4 gene. This protein is involved in the oxidation of steroids, fatty acids and xenobiotics.
This protein is involved in steroid, terpenoid and drug metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 is encoded by the human CYP2D6 gene. This protein plays a role in flavoprotein metabolism.
Cytochrome P450 3A7 is encoded by the human CYP3A7 gene. This protein plays a role in the oxidation of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Epoxide hydrolase 1 is encoded by the human EPHX1 gene. This protein is involved in the hydrolysis of cyclic organic compounds.
Cytochrome P450 3A5 is encoded by the human CYP3A5 gene. This protein is involved in the oxidation of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 is encoded by the human SLC47A1 gene. This protein plays a role in transport of cationic drugs across membranes.
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2 is encoded by the human SLC47A2 gene. This protein is involved in both excretion of toxic electrolytes and secretion of cationic drugs.
A protein that is a translation product of the human ABCB1 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human ABCC2 gene.
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2
A protein that is a translation product of the human ABCC3 gene.
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3
A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC15A1 gene.
The protein-coding gene FMO3 (flavin containing monooxygenase 3).
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary and some secondary amine such as neurotransmitters, with concomitant reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary and some secondary amines such as neurotransmitters, and exogenous amines including the tertiary amine, neurotoxin MPTP, with concomitant reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide and participates in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.
A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC22A6 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC22A7 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the SLC22A8 gene.
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 is encoded by the human SLCO1B1 gene. This protein is involved in the sodium-independent uptake of endogenous compounds in the liver.
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
A sodium-independent organic anion transporter that functions in the uptake of various drugs and endogenous compounds including estradiol; taurocholate; leukotriene c4; and methotrexate.
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 is encoded by the human SLCO2B1 gene. This protein is involved in transport of organic anions and may function in regulation of placental uptake of sulfated steroids.
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is encoded by the human SLC22A1 gene. This protein is involved in bidirectional cation transport.
A protein that is a translation product of the human SLC22A24 gene.
Steroid transmembrane transporter SLC22A24
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT1A1 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT1A3 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT1A4 gene.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 is encoded by the human UGT1A6 gene. This protein is involved in the elimination of phenolic metabolites.
A protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ugt1a7c gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT1A8 gene.
A PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma target gene. The enzyme plays an important role in elimination and detoxification of drugs, xenobiotics, and metabolizing endogenous compounds, including catecholestrogens and fibrates.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT1A10 gene.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT2B4 gene
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 is encoded by the human UGT2B7 gene. This protein plays a role in regulating the metabolism of estrogen metabolites.
A protein that is a translation product of the human UGT2B10 gene.
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 is encoded by the human UGT2B15 gene. This protein is involved in the catabolism of xenobiotics and steroids.
A protein that contains a C-terminal UDPGT domain that in active form catalyzes the transfer of glucuronic acid to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic substrates.
A protein that is a translation product of the SLC10A1 gene
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 is encoded by the human UGT2B17 gene. This protein plays a role in the metabolism of steroids and xenobiotics.
The multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter accepting a diverse range of substrates, including glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates of many endo- and xenobiotics.
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
Background correction is a data transformation designed to remove irrelevant contributions from the measured signal, e.g. those due to instrument noise or sample preparation.
flat field correction; shading correction
Image resize is a process to change the size of the image data by increasing or decreasing the number of pixels within the image. Mostly used for reducing in either the horizontal or vertical dimension.
Image sharpening is a process to enhance the definition of object edges in an image.
Image smoothing is a set of local pre-processing methods designed to suppress image noise.
Edge detection is the process to identify regions in a digital image where the image brightness changes sharply or the image has discontinuities.
Image thresholding is a procedure that eliminates shades of gray from regions of an image above or below particular gray levels, replacing them instead with solid white or black.
Any method that simply measures the overall abundance (concentration, relative amount, etc) of a particular molecule (lipids, second messenger, nucleic acid, protein, etc.)
Second messengers relay and amplify signals from receptors to the cell interior as part of a signaling event. Examples include cAMP, cGMP, calcium, nitric oxide, diacylglycerol, etc. Levels of these second messengers are measured to reflect strength of the signaling.
Measuring lipid abundance could include mass spec-based methods and lipid droplet formation, a fluorescent intensity+image analysis assay to measure lipid stored in droplets within a cell,
Cell density, typically measured by absorbance (often indicated as A600 or OD600), is often used for bacterial or fungal cultures as an indication of cell number, viability or proliferation.
Beta-galactosidase activity measurement method
Any method that simply measures the overall abundance (concentration, relative amount, etc) of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), typically via hybridization methods
Any method that simply measures the overall abundance (concentration, relative amount, etc) of a small molecule, such as LC-MS/MS or LC-UV. Typically used in both in vitro and in vivo ADME assays to monitor compound.
Any method that measures the size and shape of whole cells. Typically detected by microscopy or flow cytometry
Any method that measures the size and shape of structures or organelles within cells, such as nuclei, mitochindria, Golgi, ER or vesicles. Typically detected by microscopy or flow cytometry
sub-cellular morphology assessment method
Any study performed in a whole, living organism (usually an animal such as a mouse or rat).
Any study performed in a whole, living organism (usually an animal such as a mouse or rat), to test the effects of a treatment on a specific disease modeled in this animal. Study design and measured endpoints vary tremendously and depend on the particular aspects of the targeted disease. Ideally, the endpoints measured will correlate with how efficacy would be measured in humans.
Any study performed in a whole, living organism (usually an animal such as a mouse or rat) to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) or toxicity of a perturbagen or treatment.
Changes in protein thermal stability can be induced by ligand binding, and this thermodynamic stabilization can be measured by a variety of methods, often reported as a delta Tm (or change in the melting temperature of the protein).
A method that uses chemilumiscence to quantify the labeled entity. For this, an enzyme converts a substrate to a product that emits photons of light
A method that is used to identify the precise order/sequence of the nucleotides in a dna molecule by using the shotgun method in which DNA is fragmented and then the individual frgaments are sequenced
A method that is used to identify open / accessible genomic sites of remodeled chromatin
A method that is used to quantify various cell metabolites or metabolism-related analytes (e.g. O2, glucose, pH)
epigenetic modification detection method
A method that is used to identify the DNA regions that are being occupied by a predefined transcriptional factor(s)
Techniques used to separate mixtures of macromolecules based on physical size and mass
NanoBRET (Nano Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer) is a proximity-based assay that uses the bright, small luciferase NanoLuc (Nluc), fluorescent molecule (NCT ligand) and its substrate furimazine to monitor molecular interactions, protein conformational changes, or ligand binding in live cells.
the lysine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of an amine-reactive molecule with a lysine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
the methionine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of an thioether-reactive molecule with a methionine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
methionine ligand covalent binding method
the serine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of an alcohol-reactive molecule with a serine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
the tyrosine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of a phenol-reactive molecule with a tyrosine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
the N-terminal ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of an amine-reactive molecule with the N-terminus of a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
N-terminal ligand covalent binding method
the threonine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of an alcohol-reactive molecule with a threonine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
threonine ligand covalent binding method
the unnatural amino acid ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of a reactive molecule with a particular unnatural residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology. Unnatural amino acids can contain a variety of ‘bioorthogonal’ chemical handles.
unnatural amino acid ligand covalent binding method
the cysteine ligand covalent binding method is used to measure binding of a thiol-reactive molecule with a cysteine residue on a protein of interest. Binding assessment can be measured by protein mass spectrometry or other direct-binding methodology.
A method wherein liquid chromatography is coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Luminescence ligand binding methods detect the interaction between a ligand and its binding partner by measuring light emitted during the binding event, offering a sensitive, safe, and often high-throughput alternative to traditional binding assays.
The NanoBiT method detects protein-protein interactions by splitting the NanoLuc luciferase into two inactive subunits (LgBiT and SmBiT) that, when fused to interacting proteins, reconstitute to produce a measurable bioluminescent signal, allowing for sensitive and real-time analysis, especially in live cells.
Any method entailing primarily routine examination, requiring no special instrumentation.
Any method entailing basic measurements that require no special instrumentation. Examples are measuring a tumor size using calipers, or a subject's weight using a scale.
Cherenkov counting can be used for detection of hard beta-emitting radionuclides via LSC, but its counting efficiency is sensitive to color quench, and depends on the emitted ß-energy, the sample volume and its concentration, the type of counting vial, rthe efractive index and the type of photocathode.
Radiometric imaging techniques are methods used to create images by detecting the decay of radiolabeled atoms, enabling accurate visualization of the distribution of radioactive atoms on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces.
Method used to separate excess free ligand must be separated rapidly from the bound receptor-ligand complex.
Traditionally, tissue-organ baths are used for in vitro dose response experiments, used extensively to investigate the physiology and pharmacology of tissue preparations (ring/vessel or strip) from various species (chick, toad, rabbit, rat, guinea-pig, etc.). Tissues or organs have been isolated for these studies include muscle (Smooth or Skeletal), arterial rings or strips, uterine tissue or Vas deferens, ileum, colon, atrial or Ventricle and diaphragm. Typically, these experiments are performed in a temperature controlled environment and perfused with an oxygenated physiological solution, which allows the study of evoked tissue responses to pharmacological drug/agents (Dose Response studies), electrical stimulation or both pharmacological and electrical stimulation.The recorded responses or biological activity usually are the contraction/relaxation of muscle in the tissue: Force (isometric), Displacement (isotonic).
Electrical field stimulation, in which the stimulating current is applied uniformly to the tissue, is useful in several experimental situations. All muscle cells are simultaneously, directly, and nearly equally stimulated. Since each cell is excited without the necessity of propagation, field stimulation ensures that all cells become activated in visceral smooth muscle, despite possible lability of cell-to-cell transmission or decremental propagation, and in normally nonpropagating multiunit smooth muscles. When recording contraction of isolated smooth muscles, field stimulation enables the maximal (for a given set of conditions) isometric developed tension to be recorded because all cells are simultaneously in their active state, and the lack of longitudinal propagation minimizes the passive series elastic element contribution from uncontracted cells in series with contracted cells.
Method used for the detection of for detecting gamma radioaction emissions.
A process where a rotating machine exposes a specimen to centrifugal force. This process can be used to remove moisture from a specimen, to subject an organism to increased gravitational forces, or to separate the components of heterogeneous mixtures based on density differences.
Procedures used in binding assays for separation of bound and free ligands.
In ligand binding assays and immunoassays, dextran-coated charcoal is commonly used to separate free ligands or hormones from their bound forms, such as antibody-bound hormones. Dextran "coats" the charcoal, creating a sieve-like surface that facilitates this separation. This method is particularly used in immunoassays to distinguish free hormones from those bound to antibodies. Studies have also explored how small molecules interact with charcoal alone or when mixed with substances like dextran, albumin, immunoglobulin (IgG), or insulin to better understand the mechanism of differential adsorption.
A proximity-based method is a biophysical approach used to monitor the spatial closeness of proteins or molecules within live cells by exploiting measurable signals generated through interactions, such as energy transfer, between tagged molecular components. For example, techniques like Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) utilize the transfer of energy from a donor enzyme (e.g., luciferase) to an acceptor fluorophore, resulting in a quantifiable signal that denotes proximity. These methods are widely applied to study protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions, receptor proximity, and intracellular signaling. Advances in technologies such as NanoBRET and NanoBiT have further expanded the utility and scope of proximity-based methods for various biological applications.
The micturition assessment method is a technique used to evaluate bladder emptying rates and overall bladder motility.
The gut transit method is a technique used to evaluate gut function by tracking the movement of a substance through the gastrointestinal tract.
Electrical impedance measurement involves determining the difference (delta change) between the applied voltage and the corresponding current.
Isometric tension recording is a technique used to measure tension.
The Tox21 compound collection is a library of approximately 10,000 (10K) environmental chemicals and drugs (~10,500 chemicals (~8,300 unique)), also referred to as the 'Tox21 10K library'. Several publications, from NCATS and EPA. See also https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/toxicology-testing-21st-century-tox21 or https://ncats.nih.gov/tox21/about/operations.
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 20% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 25% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
The effective concentration of an inhibitor, which produces 30% of the maximum possible response for that inhibitor.
fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped reads
The concentration of compound required to kill 50% of a cell population (i.e., 50% inhibitory concentration in a cytotoxicity assay).
50% Tissue Culture Infective Dose (TCID50) is the measure of infectious virus titer. This endpoint dilution assay quantifies the amount of virus required to kill 50% of infected hosts or to produce a cytopathic effect in 50% of inoculated tissue culture cells.
A simple binary assessment, such as 'active/ inactive', 'true/ false', etc.
Any result reported as a simple binary assessment, such as 'active/ inactive', 'true/ false', etc.
The Transfluor assay employs a a beta-arrestin-GFP fusion protein to detect activation of GPCRs: Upon ligand binding the GPCR, cytosolic arrestin-GFP quickly translocates to the cell membrane and then to endocytic vesicles, where it 'clusters' and can be detected by fluorescent image analysis. (Developed / commercialized by Norak, then Molecular Devices)
The property values are divided by the average value for the positive control wells and multiplied by 100: X' = 100*(X/PosAvg)
perturbagen / positive control ratio endpoint
Maximum induction effect (dimensionless)
This is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species attenuates light at a given wavelength. Common units are L/(mol*cm).
The fraction of compound that does not bind to substrate (e.x. plasma proteins)
A ratio endpoint is the relative relation between two quantitative results (a/b)
The ratio of the concentration of molecule in whole blood (i.e. contains both red blood cells and plasma) to the concentration of molecule in plasma, namely CB/CP.
A categorical endpoint is any result that can take one of a limited number of possible values.
Branch of endpoints reported by electrical measurements.
https://github.com/Scientist328455 https://github.com/BioAssayOntology/BAO/issues/62
Electrical current density is a measure of the density of flow of electric charge; it is the electric current per unit area of cross section. Electric current density is a vector-valued quantity.
The fraction of the bioavailable dose which has been metabolized.
Kp values are defined as the ratio of total concentration of compound in the tissue to total concentration of compound in the plasma at steady state.
A physiological endpoint is a response from either an isolated tissue or organ (i.e. smooth muscle contraction, urine output ) that also serves as an observed enpoint for a bioassay.
Ratio of functional bias calculated for a test agonist compound/the measured functional bias of a reference agonist compound allowing for normalization within a single assay (parameter: ΔLog τ/KA).
The bias factor, defined as 10ˆΔΔLogτ/KA(assay1-assay2), quantifies the difference in relative agonist activity between two assays. A higher bias factor indicates a greater distinction in the agonist's performance across the two assays relative to the reference agonist.
A fluorinated 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (MUP) derivative that has a lower pKa than that of MUP, making DiFMUP an excellent substrate for continuously assaying acid phosphatases at low pH. The reaction product of DiFMUP has excitation/emission maxima of ~358/450 nm.
alamarBlue is a cell viability assay reagent which contains the cell permeable, non-toxic, and weakly fluorescent blue indicator dye called resazurin.
Fluorescent dye with an excitation/emission maxima of ~555/580 nm.
Fluorescent dye with an excitation/emission maxima of ~578/603 nm.
Common buffer component with the chemical formula NH4CH3CO2.
Organic solvent which allows for the denaturation and renaturation of nucleic acids at room temperature. Often used as a quenching agent.
Hygroscopic salt commonly used in buffers
PathScan Apoptosis and Proliferation Multiplex IF Kit
PathScan EGF Receptor Activation Multiplex IF Kit
PathScan Multi-Target HCA DNA Damage Kit
PathScan Multi-Target HCA Stress and Apoptosis Kit
PathScan Signaling Nodes Multiplex IF Kit
CytoTox-Glo Cytotoxicity Assay (Promega) uses a luminogenic peptide substrate of luciferase, the AAF-Glo Substrate, to measure dead-cell protease activity, which is released from cells that have lost membrane integrity.
The CAT ELISA is used to quantitatively measure CAT expression in eukaryotic cells that are transfected with a plasmid bearing a CAT-encoding reporter gene.
This assay directly measures the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cAMPin living cells, in real-time. It works with cell lines that contain a proprietary exogenous Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (CNG) channel (BD Biosciences, sold to CodexBiosolutions; both in Maryland). The channel is activated by elevated intracellular levels of cAMP, resulting in ion flux (detectable by calcium-responsive dyes) and cell membrane depolarization which can be detected with a fluorescent membrane potential (MP) dye.
ACTOne cAMP biosensor assay (BD Biosciences; CodexBIosolutions)
The CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay provides a homogeneous, fluorescent method for monitoring cell viability. The assay is based on the ability of living cells to convert a redox dye (resazurin) into a fluorescent end product (resorufin)
CellTiter-Blue Cell Viability Assay (Promega)
The Gal-Screen assay system combines direct cell lysis with rapid, ultra-sensitive chemiluminescent detection of _-galactosidase reporter enzyme.
Gal-Screen Beta-Galactosidase Reporter Gene Assay system
Real-time PCR (or RT-PCR) for quantitation of DNA (or RNA, respectively) using the fluorescent dye SYBR green that binds dsDNA and emits fluorescence only when bound.
QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kits (Qiagen/Thermo-Fisher)
Real-time PCR (or RT-PCR) for quantitation of DNA (or RNA, respectively) using a pair of unlabeled PCR primers and a 'TaqMan' fluorogenic probe labeled on the 5' end and minor groove binder (MGB) and nonfluorescent quencher (NFQ) on the 3' end, to detect target as it accumulates during PCR.
TaqMan Real-Time PCR assays (Thermo-Fisher)
Ultra-Glo (Promega) is a thermostable recombinant luciferase that can be coupled with different luciferin-based substrates to generate a luminescent signal proportional to the substrate abundance.
An assay system (Promega) based on the bioluminescent enzyme luciferase's catalysis of the substrate luciferin to generate light, adapted for multiple applications, such as cell viability, apoptosis, or kinase, cytochrome P450, or proteasome activity.
Luciferase-based ('Glo') Assay System (Promega)
A colorimatric assay for cell viability/ proliferation based on the stable tetrazolium salt WST-1, which is cleaved to a soluble formazan by a complex cellular mechanism that occurs primarily at the cell surface. This bioreduction is largely dependent on the glycolytic production of NAD(P)H in viable cells.
Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems or ABI)
A homogeneous bead-based proximity assay (alpha = 'amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay'). Binding of molecules captured on donor and acceptor beads leads to an energy transfer from one bead to the other, ultimately producing a luminescent/fluorescent signal. Ligands on the bead allow for detection of many different types of molecules.
A solid phase sandwich ELISA to meaasure human cytochrome c in cell lysates
OptEIA human IL-2 ELISA (BD Biosciences)
A fluorescence polarization (FP) assay that uses an antibody against ADP and a tracer to measure the progress of any enzyme that produces ADP
TRANSCREENER ADP2 FP Kinase Assay (BellBrook Labs)
Polar Screen PPARg Competitor Assay, Green (Invitrogen)
QUANTI-Blue is a colorimetric enzyme assay to measure alkaline phosphatase activity.
The ToxiLighte BioAssay Kit is a bioluminescent cytolysis assay kit that measures release of the enzyme, adenylate kinase (AK), from damaged cells.
TransAM Kits are DNA-binding ELISAs that facilitate the study of transcription factor activation in mammalian tissue and cell extracts.
TransAM Kit for NF-kB Family (Active Motif)
A fluorescence polarization (FP) assay that uses an antibody against AMP or GMP and a tracer to measure the progress of any enzyme that produces AMP or GMP
TRANSCREENER AMP2/GMP2 FP Assay (BellBrook Labs)
A homogeneous, bioluminescent assay to measure caspase-6 activity.
CDP-Star is a chemiluminescent substrate of alkaline phosphatase, compatible with both membrane- and solution-based assays. Sold by multiple vendors.
CDP-Star alkaline phosphatase assay system
An assay kit for measuring hepatitits C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease activity using a 5-FAM/QXL520 fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide. Called 'Enzolyte' as well as 'Sensolyte'.
Sensolyte 520 HCV Protease Assay Kit (AnaSpec)
An absorbance-based assay system for measuring aspartate transaminase (known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) or aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT/AAT)), based on the quantification of oxaloacetate produced by AST. In this assay, oxaloacetate and NADH are converted to malate and NAD by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase. The decrease in NADH absorbance at 340 nm is proportionate to AST activity.
EnzyChrom Aspartate Transaminase Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems)
FluoZin-2 AM is a cell-permeant (acetoxymymethyl (AM)) fluorescent indicator designed to detect Zn2+ concentrations that are present in synaptic vesicles and released in response to electrical stimulation or excitotoxic agonists. (Sold by Molecular Probes, Themro-Fisher)
FluoZin-2 AM fluorescent assay of zinc concentration
This homogeneous (HTRF) phospho-ERK assay is based on a TR-FRET sandwich immunoassay format comprising two specific monoclonal anti-pERK1/2 antibodies (recognizing the phosphorylated residue (Thr202/Tyr204), one labeled with Eu3+-cryptate (donor) and the other labeled with d2 (acceptor). The proximity of donor and acceptor leads to a fluorescent TR-FRET signal; the signal intensity is proportional to the substrate phosphorylation. Also called 'HTRF Cellul'ERK Kit'.
Phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) Cellular Assay Kit (Cisbio)
IMAP (Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Particle) technology is a non-antibody-based assay for protein kinases in which a fluorescently labeled peptide substrate that is phosphorylated by a kinase is captured on trivalent metal-containing nanoparticles. IMAP can be adapted for either FP or TR-FRET detection.
IMAP Assay of phosphoproteins (Molecular Devices)
This Insulin ELISA kit is an FDA registered in vitro diagnostic tool for the quantification of human insulin. It uses a dual-monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA format, typically in a 96-well or other microplate format, with colorimetric (OD 450 nm) detection.
An assay to monitor protein ubiquitination, using ubiquitin labeled with the LanthaScreen terbium chelate, in combination with a FRET acceptor such as fluorescein-ubiquitin or a fluorescein-labeled antibody.
A terbium-labeled streptavidin used in combination with a fluorescent molecule to detect interaction via a TR-FRET assay.
LanthaScreen Tb-Streptavidin Binding Assay
An assay system employing enzyme fragment complementation (two fragments of the beta-galactosidase enzyme), applied in U2OS cells engineered to express two appropriately tagged proteins. Inhibition of Keap1-NRF2 interaction results in Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and susbequent complementation and formation of a functional enzyme, detected using a chemiluminescent substrate of beta-galactosidase.
PathHunter U2OS Keap1-NRF2 Nuclear Translocation Assay (DiscoverX)
A general kit for use in all types of qRT-PCR reactions
qScript One-step Fast qRT-PCR kit (QuantaBioSciences)
A bioluminescent assay sytem for detecting sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) luciferase, an alternative to the firefly (Photinus pyralis) systems.
Renilla-Glo luciferase assay system (Promega)
An assay for deubiquitination activity, employing a reporter enzyme fused to ubiquitin (making the reporter catalytically inactive). Following cleavage of the Ub-reporter system by the isopeptidase, the free reporter can act upon its fluorescent substrate.
Ub-CHOP2-Reporter-Kit (LifeSensors Inc.)
The CellTiter-Fluor Cell Viability Assay measures the relative number of viable cells in a population. The assay is based on measurement of a conserved and constitutive protease activity within live cells and therefore serves as a biomarker of cell viability. The live-cell protease activity is restricted to intact viable cells and is measured using a fluorogenic, cell-permeant, peptide substrate (Gly-Phe-AFC). The substrate enters intact cells, where it is cleaved by the live-cell protease activity to generate a fluorescent signal proportional to the number of living cells. The live-cell protease becomes inactive upon loss of membrane integrity and leakage into the surrounding culture medium. (description adapted from vendor Promega)
CellTiter-Fluor Cell Viability Assay Kit
Cellomics http://www.bilatec.com/weiterepdf/KinetcScan%20HCS%20Reader.pdf
laser capture microdissection microscope
electron multiplying charge coupled device
chromium-doped lithium strontium aluminum fluoride laser
Automated patch clamp systems for ion channel research
IonWorks automated electrophysiology system (Molecular Devices)
Assay development system (plate-reader) with four modes: fluorescence, luminescence, absorbance, and Epi-absorbance (Molecular Devices)
An instument for single-channel recoding and whole-cell voltage-clamp recording (Axon Instruments/ Molecular Devices)
Axopatch 200B amplifier (Molecular Devices)
The BD LSRII FACS is an air-cooled multi-laser benchtop flow cytometer.
The Synergy 2 Multi-Mode Plate Reader's (BioTek) detection modes include fluorescence intensity, fluorescence polarization, time-resolved fluorescence, AlphaScreen, luminescence and UV-visible absorbance.
BMG PHERAstar is a multi-mode benchtop plate reader; FSX and other models (BMG Labtech)
BMG PHERAstar FSX plate reader (BMG Labtech, Cary NC)
An automated cell counting device: Countess; Countes II FL has fluorescence capabilites (Invitrogen/ ThermoFisher)
A flow cell_based benchtop cytometer (Becton Dickinson (BD))
A filter-based absorbance platereader for kinetic and endpoint assays (Molecualr Devices)
Several models of UV-visible absorbance microplate readers: SpectraMax 190; SpectraMax Plus 384; SpectraMax 340PC384 (Molecular Devices)
Molecular Devices SpectraMax Plate reader
Several models of automated patch clamp systems for studying ion channels: QPatch8, QPAtch16, QpatchHT (Biolin Scientific)
Qpatch automated patch clamp system (Biolin)
One of several models of a plate-based real-time PCR device (Roche )
LightCycler 480 Real-Time PCR detection instrument
The Agilent Mx3005P QPCR System, a benchtop RT-PCR plate reader, has been replaced with the AriaMx system (Agilent Technologies)
Mx3005P RT-PCR instrument (Agilent Technologies)
The Synergy HT (or HTX) is a Multi-Mode Plate Reader (BioTek) is a single-channel absorbance, fluorescence and luminescence microplate reader.
One of several models of luminometer, either single-tube to multiple plate readers (Promega). Some models are multimode and can also read fluorescence or absorbance in addition to luminescence )
Encompasses various models--ABI-9300, ABI-7500, and QuantStudio.
Appled Biosystems Real-Time PCR System (ThermoFisher)
VE-2 whole-cell patch clamp amplifier (Alembic Instruments)
SpectraMax Gemini XS microplate fluorometer (Molecular Devices)
Typhoon FLA 9000 laser scanner (GE Healthcare)
Fluoroskan Ascent FL Microplate Fluorometer and Luminometer (ThermoFisher)
iMIC platform/ Polychrome V imaging system, (TILL Photonics/ FEI Munic GmbH)
Multiskan EX plate reader (Thermo Scientific)
Wallac 1420 (Victor2) Microplate reader (PerkinElmer)
SpectraFluor Plus Microplate Reader (Tecan)
TSQ Quantum Triple Quadrupole LC-MS (Thermo Scientific)
A laser-based scanner that produces digital images of radioactive, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent samples
Typhoon Trio variable-mode imager (Amersham/ GE LifeSciences)
The xCELLigence RTCA DP instrument uses noninvasive electrical impedance monitoring to quantify cell proliferation, morphology change, and attachment quality in a label-free, real-time manner.
xCELLigence RTCA DP cellular impedance instrument (Acea Biosciences)
BD FACSAria flow cytometer (BD Biosciences)
One of several models of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instruments.
Imaging system based on CCD high-resolution detection, supports multiple detection methods including fluorescence, colorimetry, densitometry, chemiluminescence, and chemifluorescence.
FACScalibur flow cytometer (BD Biosciences)
FLUOstar Omega microplate reader (BMG Labtech)
An imaging system for blots, gels, etc, to replace use of film; can be used for autoradiography, fluorescence, and chemifluorescence imaging.
Storm PhosphorImager (Molecular Dynamics/ GE)
Varioskan LUX multimode microplate reader (ThermoFisher)
The Luminex 100/200 System is the combination of three core xMAP® Technologies. The first is xMAP microspheres, a family of fluorescently dyed micron-sized polystyrene microspheres that act as both the identifier and the solid surface to build the assay. The second is a flow cytometry-based instrument, the Luminex 100/200 analyzer, which integrates key xMAP detection components, such as lasers, optics, fluidics, and high-speed digital signal processors. The third component is the xPONENT® software, which is designed for protocol-based data acquisition with robust data regression analysis. From https://www.luminexcorp.com/research-luminex-100200/
The Luminex 200 system is a compact analyzer that performs up to 100 immunoassays simultaneously using a single drop of fluid.
The FlexStation 3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader measures absorbance, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence polarization, luminescence, and time-resolved fluorescence for biochemical and cell-based assays. The reader adds up to three transfers of assay reagents from a 96- or 384-well source plate to enhance assay design using integrated fluidics.
IN Cell Analyzer 2500HS is a widefield high-content imaging system equipped with deconvolution.
IN Cell Analyzer 6500HS is a laser-based high-content imaging system featuring IRIS confocal technology.
The molecular characteristics of a cell of tissue including expressed coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins and their post-translational modifications, lipids, carbohydrates and small molecules that characterize the state in a cell or tissue and that result from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.
The form and structure of an organism and its parts, including cells, that result from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.
The proteins and their post-translational modifications, lipids, carbohydrates and small molecules that characterize the state in a cell or tissue and that result from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.
The coding and non-coding RNAs expressed in a cell or tissue that result from the interaction of its genotype and the environment.
It describes the most common unit used in calculating volumetric stoichiometry: molarity. Units include: molar, millimolar, micromolar, nanomolar.
Negative base-10 logarithm of KI, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Ki) of an antogonist-receptor complex
Negative base-10 logarithm of a solution's KD (drug affinity dissociation constant)
Negative base-10 logarithm of a solution's base dissociation constant (Kb)
duplicate: cells per microliter (UO_0000316)
A biotechnology company that develops, manufactures, and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. The company provides a line of products and services that serves the sequencing, genotyping, gene expression, and proteomics markets. Explanation: Not currently available as a commercial company, but well known and used in next-gen sequencing circles.
A synthetic ligand consisting of a small molecule tethered (covalently or non-covalently) to a peptide.
Any compound library consisting solely of small molecules that have been approved by the FDA. Often used for 'drug re-purposing' assays. The specific compounds included in any given FDA-approved compound library may differ based on availability or timing.
A maturity quality inhering in an individual by virtue of the individual having attained sexual maturity and full growth
OntologyMappingImporter following MAT:0000403
use : http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000323 label : late embryo
The stage of the mother from immediately after the birth of offspring and extending for about six weeks
has assay design method
has assay supporting method