Promoting Health Aging through Semantic Enrichment of Solitude Research (PHASES) Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: phases.owl
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Oliver He
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Jie Zheng
contributor: Leo Yeh
contributor: Finn Wilson
contributor: Sam Smith
description: PHASES provides an ontology for integrating research in solitude and gerotranscendence. By integrating these areas of study, we aim to deepen our understanding of each and how they promote healthy aging.
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
version info: 2025-12-23

editor preferred term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor preferred term
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: example of usage
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

in branch
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: in branch
definition: An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet.
term editor: GROUP:OBI
definition source: OBI_0000277

has curation status
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has curation status
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition
has curation status: ready for release
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: editor note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

term editor
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term editor
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
editor note: 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

alternative label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: alternative label
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
term editor: OBO Operations committee
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
comment: Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: definition source
has curation status: ready for release
definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
term editor: PERSON:Daniel Schober
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

has obsolescence reason
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has obsolescence reason
definition: Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot

curator note
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: curator note
has curation status: ready for release
definition: An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

term tracker item
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term tracker item
example of usage: the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.

ontology term requester
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: ontology term requester
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition.
term editor: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
comment: The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term.

is denotator type
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is denotator type
definition: Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator
editor note: In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type')
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

imported from
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: imported from
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

expand expression to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand expression to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones
term editor: Chris Mungall

expand assertion to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: expand assertion to
example of usage: ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)"
definition: A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom.
term editor: Chris Mungall

first order logic expression
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: first order logic expression
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg

antisymmetric property
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: antisymmetric property
example of usage: part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true
definition: Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
sub property of: logical characteristic of object property

OBO foundry unique label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: OBO foundry unique label
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
editor note: The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
term editor: PERSON:Chris Mungall
term editor: PERSON:Melanie Courtot
definition source: GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>

has ID digit count
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID digit count
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID range allocated to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID range allocated
example of usage: Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300]
definition: Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID policy for
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID policy for
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

has ID prefix
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ID prefix
example of usage: Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO"
definition: Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created.
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

elucidation
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: elucidation
term editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Barry Smith
elucidation: Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms

has associated axiom(nl)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(nl)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language

has associated axiom(fol)
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has associated axiom(fol)
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax

is allocated id range
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: is allocated id range
definition: Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999"
term editor: PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

has ontology root term
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has ontology root term
definition: Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root.
term editor: Nicolas Matentzoglu

may be identical to
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: may be identical to
definition: A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged.
term editor: David Osumi-Sutherland
term tracker item: #40
ontology term requester: VFB
comment: Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance.

scheduled for obsoletion on or after
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: scheduled for obsoletion on or after
definition: Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date.
term editor: Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng
term tracker item: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32
ontology term requester: GO ontology
range: dateTime

has axiom label
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: has axiom id
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
elucidation: A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI

term replaced by
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: term replaced by
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
comment: Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology

logical characteristic of object property
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL.
definition source: OBO Operations call
created by: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432

defined by construct
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . }
definition: Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation.
term tracker item: https://github.com/ontodev/robot/issues/963
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-6599

preferred label for community
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: The property is intended to be used exclusively on synonym assertions, to express that the synonym in question is the preference of a specific community. For example, one community may prefer to say call a disease "A" and another one "B" (but they are the same thing).
definition: A provenance property that denotes a synonym to be the preferred one for a specific community.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/185
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2025-06-02

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation)
definition: A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

ambiguous synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

dubious synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

layperson synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym)
definition: A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

plural form
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form)
definition: A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

UK spelling synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym)
definition: A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/122
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

misspelling
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for common misspellings
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/132
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

misnomer
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/133
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-03-03
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

previous name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol.
definition: A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/139
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-07-25
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

legal name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College
definition: A synonym type for the legal entity name
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/141
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-07-27
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

International Nonproprietary Name
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: CHEBI:46195 has been assigned the english International Nonproproprietary Name (INN) "paracetamol". In some cases such as this one, the INN might be the same as the ontology's primary label
definition: The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardize name for a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) meant to address the issues with country- or language-specific brand names. These are issued in several languages, including English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/149
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-09-30
has exact synonym: INN
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

latin term
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: nasopharynx (UBERON:0001728) has the latin name "pars nasalis pharyngis
definition: A synonym type for describing Latin term synonyms.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/146
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1773-2692
created: 2023-10-12
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

acronym
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: NASA is an word acronym for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration because the acronym is pronounced. FBI is an initialism (also known as alphabetism) for the US Federal Bureau of Investigation since the letters are pronounced one at a time. JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group but does not count as a word acronym nor an initialism since it is mixed how it is pronounced.
definition: A synonym type for describing abbreviations that are a part of the full name's words, such as initialisms or alphabetisms.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/135
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4370
created: 2023-11-01
sub property of: SynonymTypeProperty

has symbol
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: A serial number such as "12324X"; a stop sign; a written proper name such as "OBI
definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/144
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-4866
created: 2024-03-25

GERO
type: AnnotationProperty
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
created: 2025-08-29T15:03:18Z
sub property of: subset_property

SOLO
type: AnnotationProperty
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
created: 2025-08-29T15:21:53Z
description: Solitude Ontology
sub property of: subset_property

never in taxon
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves'
definition: x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL.
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921072
definition source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20973947
expand assertion to: Class: ?X DisjointWith: RO_0002162 some ?Y
defined by construct: PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162> PREFIX never_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002161> CONSTRUCT { in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty . ?x owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon ] . ?x rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty in_taxon: ; owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ?taxon ] ] . } WHERE { ?x never_in_taxon: ?taxon . }
sub property of: taxonomic class assertion

taxonomic class assertion
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon.
sub property of: logical macro assertion on a class

logical macro assertion
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL.

logical macro assertion on a class
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class
editor note: The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL
sub property of: logical macro assertion

subset_property
type: AnnotationProperty

has broad synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18
sub property of: alternative label

has cross-reference
type: AnnotationProperty
example of usage: disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string
definition: An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI.
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/123
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779
created: 2024-03-18

has exact synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
sub property of: alternative label

has narrow synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19
sub property of: alternative label

has related synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21
sub property of: alternative label

has behavioural attribute
type: ObjectProperty
domain: individual human behaviour
range: behavioural attribute
definition: A relation that links an individual human behaviour to a behavioural attribute.

serves behavioural function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: realises
domain: individual human behaviour
range: human life function
definition: Realises the human life function of an individual human behaviour.

has behavioural outcome
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causal relation between entities
domain: individual human behaviour
range: entity
definition: Causally relation between two entities in which a behaviour brings into existence, causes to occur, destroys, prevents from occurring, or changes an entity.

is enacted by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: individual human behaviour
range: human being
definition: Has participant that relates a behaviour to the person enacting the behaviour.

uses
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: individual human behaviour
range: material entity
definition: Has participant that relates a behaviour to a material entity that the person enacting the behaviour intends to enable or facilitate the behaviour.

has behavioural companion
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: individual human behaviour
range: extended organism
definition: Has participant that relates a behaviour to another sentient being that accompanies the person enacting the behaviour.

has behavioural target
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
domain: individual human behaviour
range: human being
definition: Has participant that relates the behaviour to an object that the person enacting the behaviour intends to influence.

is behavioural outcome of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of has behavioural outcome relation.

has end time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: A relation between an occurrent x and a one-dimensional temporal entity such that the one-dimensional temporal entity designates the latest boundary of x's existence or manifestation.

has start time
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally related to
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: A relation between an occurrent x and a one-dimensional temporal entity such that the one-dimensional temporal entity designates the earliest boundary of x's existence or manifestation.

realises
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: realizes
example of usage: this disease course realizes this disease
example of usage: this investigation realizes this investigator role
example of usage: this shattering realizes this fragility
definition: To say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d and b is a process which has participant d at t and c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at tand the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c.
elucidation: to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
comment: Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
label: realizes

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: independent continuant
editor preferred term: occurs in
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
definition: b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entityand there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.and forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t and there exist spatial regions s and s’ where and b spatially_projects_onto s at tand c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at tand s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
alternative label: occurs_in
alternative label: unfolds in
alternative label: unfolds_in
in subset: valid for go annotation extension
in subset: valid for go ontology
in subset: valid for gocam
comment: Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
BFO_0000179: exists-at
BFO_0000180: existsAt
editor note: BFO2 Reference: entity
editor note: BFO2 Reference: temporal region
elucidation: b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])

Axiom
annotated source: exists at
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/118-002

has process part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
BFO_0000179: o-has-part
BFO_0000180: hasOccurrentPart
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
definition: Inverse of occurrent_part_of which is defined as: b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c and b and c are occurrents.
definition: b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
label: has occurrent part

Axiom
annotated source: has process part
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/007-001

Axiom
annotated source: has process part
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/007-001

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: exists at
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects.

is attribute of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: inheres in
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
definition: A relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
alternative label: inheres_in
RO_0001900: RO_0001901
comment: Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
label: characteristic of

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: has participant
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
alternative label: has_participant
source: http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant

happens during
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))

temporally related to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
has curation status: pending final vetting
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: Allen's interval algebra
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit
in subset: ro-eco
comment: A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.

causally related to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
editor note: This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yie…
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

Axiom
annotated source: causally related to
annotated property: definition
annotated target: relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
has cross-reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

causal relation between entities
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: causally related to
domain: entity
range: entity
editor note: The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
term editor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
definition source: causal-relations
curator note: Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.

behaviour change intervention
type: Class
subclass of: intervention
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realises
  some values from: behaviour change intervention scenario plan
example of usage: Involves use of products, services, activities, rules or environmental objects.
has curation status: Published
definition: An intervention that has the aim of influencing human behaviour.
alternative label: BCI

social alienation
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
has curation status: Published
definition: A <mental disposition> to perceive or experience oneself as isolated from and not meaningfully involved in social groups.

psychological need
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
example of usage: "Coping" in the Health Behaviour Internalisation Model
example of usage: "Hierarchy of Walking Needs" in the Social Ecological Model of Walking
example of usage: "Motives" in the PRIME theory
example of usage: "Needs" in the CEOS Theory
example of usage: "Needs" in the Needs-Opportunity-Abilities Model
example of usage: "Needs" in the Self-Determination Theory
example of usage: "Ownership" in the Health Behaviour Internalisation Model
example of usage: "Support" in the Health Behaviour Internalisation Model
example of usage: "Preference" in the Health Behaviour Internalisation Model
has curation status: Published
definition: A <mental disposition> of a person to act to obtain or maintain a particular state due to this state’s importance to the person’s wellbeing.
comment: Psychological needs can be satisfied or thwarted.

location
type: Class
subclass of: quality
has curation status: Published
definition: A spatial <quality> that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its position relative to other entities.
comment: An intervention could be used to rearrange objects in an environment, changing the location of a person relative to these objects and thereby increasing the likelihood of a behaviour.

behaviour change intervention scenario plan
type: Class
subclass of: plan
has curation status: Published
definition: A plan that is realized in a BCI scenario process.
alternative label: BCI scenario plan

population behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: process aggregate
subclass of: human behaviour
has curation status: Published
definition: An aggregate of individual human behaviours of members of a population.
alternative label: human behaviour
comment: The class human behaviour [BCIO:042000] has been made obsolete. If you want to refer to the behaviour of an individual, refer to individual human behaviour . If you want to refer to the behaviour of a group, refer to population behaviour.

individual human behaviour
type: Class
subclass of: human behaviour
subclass of: bodily process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has behavioural attribute
  some values from: behavioural attribute
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: serves behavioural function
  some values from: human life function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is enacted by
  some values from: human being
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has behavioural companion
  some values from: human being
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has behavioural target
  some values from: human being
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurs in
  some values from: location
example of usage: Also referred to in definitions as human behaviour or just behaviour.
example of usage: walks for 15 mins/day, never eats meat, attends school daily
has curation status: Published
definition: A <bodily process> of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain.
definition: A bodily process of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain.
alternative label: human behaviour
comment: it is concerned with moving skeletal parts to which it is usually attached.' (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/striped-muscle)
comment: The class human behaviour [BCIO:042000] has been made obsolete. If you want to refer to the behaviour of an individual, refer to individual human behaviour . If you want to refer to the behaviour of a group, refer to population behaviour. Striated muscles referred to in the definition do not ordinarily involve cardiac muscles. Behaviours are usually in response to an internal or external stimuli. Every behaviour is associated with mental processes, but not every mental process is associated with behaviour. For instance, a verbal communication behaviour will involve mental processes to produce speech. However, mental processes associated with listening can occur without a person performing a behaviour. 'behaviours' can involve a series of activities (e.g., more granular behaviours). 'A 'striated muscle' can defined as 'a type of contractile tissue that is marked by transverse striations

human life function
type: Class
subclass of: function
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is attribute of
  some values from: human being
example of usage: Learning function (e.g., knowledge development function and skill development function), knowledge or skill maintenance, protection of self, others and the environment, aesthetics function, bodily health function, spiritual function, social organisation function,, excretion function, nutrition function, reproductive function, respiration function,, rest function, travel function, thermoregulation function
has curation status: Published
definition: A function that inheres in a human being and is realised in processes that enable the human to survive and thrive.
comment: There are complex sets of processes involved in the realisation of human life functions, only some which would behaviours. An example for a human life function that is not a behaviour function: human thermoregulation via sweating function. However, some behaviours can fulfil 'human life functions'. The term 'survive' refers to continuing one's existence (e.g., staying alive), while 'thrive' includes a wide range of processes that improve an animal's life, including physical and mental wellbeing and experiencing positive social interactions, as well as being able to reproduce. Many processes can contribute to a human surviving and thriving.

process aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
has curation status: Published
definition: An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists.
curator note: Process aggregate extends BFO in the same way that object aggregate extends its coverage of material entities. It is required to be able to classify occurrents such as behaviour patterns that are repeated occurrences of classes of process that have properties such as average frequency of occurrence (not to be confused with frequency as a process profile) and temporal patterning of occurrences.

intervention
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
example of usage: Examples of interventions are putting health warnings on cigarette packets, providing free stop smoking services and banning smoking in public places.
has curation status: Published
definition: A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome.

human behaviour
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  union of: population behaviour
  union of: individual human behaviour
subclass of: process
has curation status: Published
definition: A process that is an individual human behaviour or a population behaviour.

process attribute
type: Class
subclass of: process profile
example of usage: This is intended to provide a user-friendly way of representing the way in which processes are manifest. This is somewhat similar to, but not the same as, the class 'specifically dependent continuant' in Basic Formal Ontology which provides a way of representing features of material entities such as age and size. It is formally equivalent to process profile in Basic Formal Ontology.
has curation status: Published
definition: A process profile that is an attribute of a process.

behavioural attribute
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
example of usage: physical performance behaviour has_behavioural_attribute behavioural attribute
has curation status: Published
definition: A process attribute of an individual human behaviour.

entity
type: Class
BFO_0000179: entity
BFO_0000180: Entity
editor preferred term: entity
example of usage: Julius Caesar
example of usage: Verdi’s Requiem
example of usage: the Second World War
example of usage: your body mass index
definition: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
editor note: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
imported from: bfo.owl
imported from: dron.owl
imported from: envo.owl
imported from: iao.owl
imported from: ico.owl
imported from: mondo.owl
imported from: oae.owl
imported from: obi.owl
imported from: obib.owl
imported from: ogms.owl
imported from: omrse.owl
elucidation: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
has cross-reference: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35120
alternate name: entities
property:p5191: entitātem @la

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000004
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/001-001

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
BFO_0000179: continuant
BFO_0000180: Continuant
editor preferred term: continuant
definition: An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
editor note: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
imported from: bfo.owl
imported from: dron.owl
imported from: envo.owl
imported from: iao.owl
imported from: oae.owl
imported from: obi.owl
imported from: obib.owl
imported from: ogms.owl
imported from: omrse.owl
imported from: pato.owl
imported from: ro.owl
elucidation: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
SDGIO_00010069: true

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000007

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/009-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/126-001

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/008-002

Axiom
annotated source: continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/011-002

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
BFO_0000179: occurrent
BFO_0000180: Occurrent
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
editor note: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
editor note: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
elucidation: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
has associated axiom(nl): Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
has associated axiom(nl): b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
SDGIO_00010069: true

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000006
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000012

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/077-002

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/108-001

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/079-001

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
BFO_0000179: ic
BFO_0000180: IndependentContinuant
example of usage: a chair
example of usage: a heart
example of usage: a leg
example of usage: a molecule
example of usage: a spatial region
example of usage: an atom
example of usage: an orchestra.
example of usage: an organism
example of usage: the bottom right portion of a human torso
example of usage: the interior of your mouth
definition: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
definition: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
OBO foundry unique label: anatomical entity (BFO)
has associated axiom(nl): For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has associated axiom(nl): For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
SDGIO_00010069: true
comment: A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/134-001

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/018-002

Axiom
annotated source: independent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
BFO_0000179: process
BFO_0000180: Process
example of usage: a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
example of usage: a process of meiosis
example of usage: a process of sleeping
example of usage: the course of a disease
example of usage: the flight of a bird
example of usage: the life of an organism
example of usage: your process of aging.
definition: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
definition: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
id: BFO:0000015
comment: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

Axiom
annotated source: process
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable
BFO_0000179: disposition
BFO_0000180: Disposition
example of usage: an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
example of usage: certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
example of usage: children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
example of usage: the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
elucidation: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
has associated axiom(nl): If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/063-002

Axiom
annotated source: disposition
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/062-002

realizable
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: realizable
BFO_0000180: RealizableEntity
example of usage: the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
example of usage: the disposition of your blood to coagulate
example of usage: the function of your reproductive organs
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
imported from: dron.owl
imported from: envo.owl
imported from: obi.owl
imported from: obib.owl
imported from: ogms.owl
imported from: omrse.owl
elucidation: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
has associated axiom(nl): All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
label: realizable entity

Axiom
annotated source: realizable
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/060-002

Axiom
annotated source: realizable
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/058-002

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: quality
BFO_0000180: Quality
example of usage: the ambient temperature of this portion of air
example of usage: the color of a tomato
example of usage: the length of the circumference of your waist
example of usage: the mass of this piece of gold.
example of usage: the shape of your nose
example of usage: the shape of your nostril
has curation status: External
definition: A specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized.
elucidation: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
has associated axiom(nl): If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/055-001

Axiom
annotated source: quality
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/105-001

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
BFO_0000179: sdc
BFO_0000180: SpecificallyDependentContinuant
editor preferred term: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
example of usage: of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
example of usage: of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
example of usage: the disposition of this fish to decay
example of usage: the function of this heart: to pump blood
example of usage: the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
example of usage: the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
example of usage: the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
example of usage: the role of being a doctor
example of usage: the shape of this hole.
example of usage: the smell of this portion of mozzarella
has curation status: External
definition: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
definition: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant and there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
editor note: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
imported from: bfo.owl
imported from: dron.owl
imported from: envo.owl
imported from: iao.owl
imported from: oae.owl
imported from: obi.owl
imported from: obib.owl
imported from: ogms.owl
imported from: omrse.owl
imported from: pato.owl
imported from: ro.owl
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
SDGIO_00010069: true
comment: A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
label: characteristic

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: editor note
annotated target: Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/0000005
comment: per discussion with Barry Smith

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/131-004

Axiom
annotated source: specifically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
BFO_0000179: gdc
BFO_0000180: GenericallyDependentContinuant
editor preferred term: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
example of usage: the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
example of usage: the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
definition: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
definition: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
comment: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

Axiom
annotated source: generically dependent continuant
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/074-001

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
BFO_0000179: function
BFO_0000180: Function
example of usage: the function of a hammer to drive in nails
example of usage: the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
example of usage: the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
has curation status: External
definition: A disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
elucidation: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

Axiom
annotated source: function
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/064-001

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
BFO_0000179: material
BFO_0000180: MaterialEntity
editor preferred term: material entity
example of usage: a flame
example of usage: a forest fire
example of usage: a human being
example of usage: a hurricane
example of usage: a photon
example of usage: a puff of smoke
example of usage: a sea wave
example of usage: a tornado
example of usage: an aggregate of human beings.
example of usage: an energy wave
example of usage: an epidemic
example of usage: the undetached arm of a human being
has curation status: External
definition: An <independent continuant> that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
definition: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
editor note: Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
imported from: cl.owl
imported from: ido.owl
imported from: uberon.owl
elucidation: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has associated axiom(nl): Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has associated axiom(nl): every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
has OBO namespace: bfo
id: BFO:0000040

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(nl)
annotated target: every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/019-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/021-002

Axiom
annotated source: material entity
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/020-002

process profile
type: Class
subclass of: process
BFO_0000179: process-profile
BFO_0000180: ProcessProfile
example of usage: On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
example of usage: One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
example of usage: The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
definition: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
elucidation: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: definition
annotated target: b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: elucidation
annotated target: b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/094-005

Axiom
annotated source: process profile
annotated property: has associated axiom(fol)
annotated target: (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
has axiom label: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/093-002

biological_process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
term tracker item: https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968
created by: jl
creation date: 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z
has alternative id: GO:0000004
has alternative id: GO:0007582
has alternative id: GO:0044699
has cross-reference: Wikipedia:Biological_process
has exact synonym: biological process
has exact synonym: physiological process
has OBO namespace: biological_process
has related synonym: single organism process
has related synonym: single-organism process
id: GO:0008150
in subset: goslim candida
in subset: goslim chembl
in subset: goslim metagenomics
in subset: goslim pir
in subset: goslim plant
in subset: goslim pombe
in subset: goslim yeast
comment: Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this.

Axiom
annotated source: biological_process
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
has cross-reference: GOC:pdt

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: data item

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
editor preferred term: information content entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
has curation status: ready for release
has curation status: External
definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
editor note: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
editor note: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
term editor: PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000142
imported from: iao.owl
imported from: ogms.owl

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
editor preferred term: directive information entity
has curation status: ready for release
has curation status: External
definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
imported from: iao.owl

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: curation status specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
term editor: PERSON:Bill Bug
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
editor preferred term: data about an ontology part
definition: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
definition: data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg

obsolescence reason specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
equivalent class: Class
  one of: failed exploratory term
  one of: placeholder removed
  one of: terms merged
  one of: term imported
  one of: term split
  one of: out of scope
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: obsolescence reason specification
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot

denotator type
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: universal
  one of: defined class
  one of: named class expression
subclass of: data about an ontology part
editor preferred term: denotator type
example of usage: The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities.
definition: A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters

subjective affective feeling
type: Class
subclass of: affective process
example of usage: "Regulatory fit" in the Regulatory Fit Theory
example of usage: "Wants" in the PRIME theory
has curation status: External
definition: An <affective process> that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli.
definition: An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli.
definition: The subjective emotional feeling is that (fiat) part of the emotion process by which the organism experiences its own emotion.
alternative label: pain
MFOEM_000010: affective consciousness
has alternative id: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000202
comment: 'Subjective affective feeling can have greater or weaker physiological or mental components. The bodily process that are experienced will usually involve some mental process. Bodily sensation and the experiences of emotions (e.g., feeling calm) would both qualify as examples of 'subjective affective feeling'. As a subclass of 'affective process', subjective affective feelings have valence. Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
comment: As a subclass of 'affective process', subjective affective feelings have valence. Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
comment: Bodily sensations and the experiences of emotions (e.g., feeling calm) would both qualify as examples of 'subjective affective feeling'.
comment: Excluded the following subjective feelings which appear on the GRID questionnaire since they seem debatable to what extent they are really *feelings* and to what extent they are actually *evaluations* or other things: -- felt submissive/dominant -- felt powerless/powerful
comment: Subjective affective feeling can have greater or weaker physiological or mental components. The bodily processes that are experienced will usually involve some mental process.
label: subjective emotional feeling

affective process
type: Class
subclass of: mental process
example of usage: "Affect" in the Health Promotion Model
example of usage: "Mood / arousal" in the Social Action Theory (Ewart)
example of usage: "Feelings" in the Risk as Feelings
has curation status: External
definition: A <mental process> that has positive or negative valence.
definition: A mental process that has positive or negative valence.
definition: An affective process is any process that has positive or negative valence.
comment: Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.

human being
type: Class
subclass of: extended organism
has curation status: External
definition: An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens.
alternative label: person
label: person

mental process
type: Class
subclass of: bodily process
has curation status: External
definition: A <bodily process> that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour.
definition: A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour.
definition: Valence is a process profile of an emotion, mood, or affective bodily feeling (such as pleasure and pain). Valence can be positive or negative, with different strengths in both directions. For example, pleasure is positively valenced while pain is negatively valenced.
comment: A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain.
comment: A bodily process which brings into being, sustains or modifies a cognitive representation or a behavior inducing state.
comment: Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences.
comment: Mental processes can vary in the degree to which they involve consciousness. A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain.
comment: Mental processes can varying in the degree to which they involve consciousness.
see also: GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.'

bodily disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
example of usage: "Internal environment" in the PRIME theory
has curation status: External
definition: A <disposition> that inheres in some extended organism.
definition: A bodily disposition is a disposition that inheres in some extended organism. Examples are: my disposition to catch a cold when exposed to a virus, my ability to speak the English language.
definition: A disposition that inheres in some extended organism.
alternative label: personal disposition
comment: Bodily disposition includes features that can be used in a specific context, such as a person's strength, but not a person's weight. A person has a specific weight independent of the circumstances they are in.
comment: Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system) Bodily disposition would include features, such as a person's strength (which can be used in a specific context), but not weight. A person would have a certain weight independent of most circumstances they are in.
comment: Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system).

mental disposition
type: Class
subclass of: bodily disposition
example of usage: "Psychological" in the Health Promotion Model
example of usage: "Psychological factors" in the I-Change Model
has curation status: External
definition: A <bodily disposition> that is realized in a mental process.
definition: A bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.
definition: A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.
comment: 'Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body.
comment: Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body.

bodily quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A bodily quality is a quality that inheres in some extended organism.

mental quality
type: Class
subclass of: bodily quality
definition: A mental quality is a bodily quality that inheres in those structures of the extended organism that are essential for mental functioning.

planned process
type: Class
subclass of: process
editor preferred term: planned process
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
has curation status: ready for release
definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
editor note: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
term editor: Bjoern Peters
definition source: branch derived
curator note: 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
curator note: This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)

plan
type: Class
subclass of: realizable
editor preferred term: plan
example of usage: The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
has curation status: pending final vetting
definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
editor note: This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
term editor: AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS
definition source: branch derived

bodily process
type: Class
subclass of: process
example of usage: The phrase 'bodily component of an organism in the definition refers to a part of the body.
has curation status: External
definition: A <process> in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates.
definition: A process in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates.
definition: A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates.
term editor: Albert Goldfain
definition source: http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10
curator note: creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z
comment: From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060
comment: The phrase 'bodily component of an organism’ in the definition refers to ‘a part of the body’.

extended organism
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism.
term editor: Albert Goldfain
definition source: http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail
curator note: creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z
comment: From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000087

reminiscence therapy
type: Class
subclass of: behaviour change intervention
definition: A behavior change intervention that uses life histories—written, oral, or both—to improve psychological well-being. The therapy is often used with older people.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-03-03T21:39:49+00:00
in subset: GERO
label: reminiscence therapy process

Axiom
annotated source: reminiscence therapy
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A behavior change intervention that uses life histories—written, oral, or both—to improve psychological well-being. The therapy is often used with older people.
definition source: https://dictionary.apa.org/reminiscence-therapy

appraisal quality
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive representational pattern quality
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: cognitive appraisal representational pattern quality
definition: A cognitive representational pattern quality which consists of an evaluation of the relevance of some entity to another entity.

self-appraisal representational pattern quality
type: Class
subclass of: appraisal quality
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
definition: A cognitive appraisal representational pattern quality consisting of an evaluation of the appraiser themselves.

self-efficacy representational pattern quality
type: Class
subclass of: self-appraisal representational pattern quality
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
definition: A self-appraisal representational pattern quality consisting of an evaluation of the agent's capability to achieve objectives or satisfy desires.

psychological construct information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
preferred label: psychological construct

psychoanalytic psychological identity construct
type: Class
subclass of: psychological construct information content entity
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: psychoanalytic psychological identity construct information content entity
definition: A psychological construct in which it is hypothesized that human consciousness consists of the id, ego, and superego.

performative identity quality
type: Class
subclass of: personal identity
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
definition: A personal identity quality formed as a result of the agent's performative behaviors as influencing and influenced by the formation of one's psychological identity.

social withdrawal
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: social withdrawal disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in the consistent avoidance of social interactions with both familiar and unfamiliar peers due to psychological traits such as social fear or anxiety.

self-transcendence
type: Class
subclass of: transcendence
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
label: self-transcendence disposition
definition: A transcendence disposition that, if realized, is realized in shifting one’s focus beyond the self toward broader existential, moral, or spiritual concerns, including care for others, connection with nature, or alignment with perceived universal values.

elective solitude
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: elective solitude disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in intentionally withdrawing from social interaction in order to pursue self-reflection, restoration, or personal goals.

imposed solitude
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: imposed solitude characteristic
definition: A characteristic of a person that is physically or socially alone due to external constraints or circumstances, and not by personal choice.

ambient sociability
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: ambient sociability disposition
definition: A mental disposition that is realized in retaining the sense of social presence without direct social engagement with others in a public or semi-public space.

healthy aging
type: Class
subclass of: biological_process
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: healthy aging process
definition: A biological process that is realized in maintaining functional ability, emotional well-being, and social engagement in later life, relative to cultural and personal expectations.

successful aging construct
type: Class
subclass of: psychological construct information content entity
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: successful aging construct information content entity
definition: A psychological construct information content entity that describes achieving physical health, cognitive vitality, and continued involvement with life, as measured against individual and cultural standards of aging well.

aloneliness
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: aloneliness disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in experiencing discomfort or distress due to a perceived lack of desired time alone.

social detachment
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: social detachment disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in reduced motivation to engage in or maintain social relationships, often without distress or social fear.

shyness
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: shyness behavior disposition
definition: A mental disposition to social anxiety that, if realized, is realized in the inhibition of behavior during potential social interaction due to fear of negative evaluation.

solitude affinity
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: solitude affinity disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in seeking out and enjoying time spent alone for reflection, creativity, or restoration.

representational pattern quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: A quality that concretizes some information content entity.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

cognitive representational pattern quality
type: Class
subclass of: mental representational pattern quality
definition: A mental representational pattern quality that has mind-to-world direction of fit.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

mental representational pattern quality
type: Class
subclass of: representational pattern quality
definition: A representational pattern quality that specifically depends on the cognitive system of its bearer.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

personal identity
type: Class
subclass of: mental quality
definition: A mental quality that is defined by (a) a set of physical, psychological, and interpersonal characteristics that is not wholly shared with any other person and (b) a range of affiliations (e.g., ethnicity) and social roles.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: personal identity quality
alternative label: self-concept

narrative identity quality
type: Class
subclass of: personal identity
definition: A personal identity quality consisting of the internalized, evolving, story of oneself that individuals construct to make sense and meaning out of life.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

ego identity quality
type: Class
subclass of: personal identity
definition: A personal identity quality consisting of the recognition of oneself as a persisting entity, resulting from the integration of one's ego-ideal, life roles, and adjustments to reality.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

anxious solitude construct
type: Class
subclass of: psychological construct information content entity
definition: A psychological construct that is putatively about biologically-based dispositions to avoid others due to social fears and anxieties
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
comment: How are behavioral inhibition and anxious-solitude related to and distinct from solitude? (anxious-solitude, and behavioral inhibition are all constructs reflecting biologically-based dispositions to avoid others due to social fears and anxieties)
label: anxious solitude construct information content entity

social convention
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information content entity that prescribes any of various established rules, methods, procedures, and practices which have been accepted as guides for social conduct over a relatively long period.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO
label: social convention directive information entity
definition: Everyone conforms to R Everyone believes others conform to R This belief gives everyone a good reason to conform to R himself Everyone believes others are doing the best they can to conform to R R is not the only possible regularity meeting (3) and (4) Each of the preceding factors are in principle common knowledge

Axiom
annotated source: social convention
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A directive information content entity that prescribes any of various established rules, methods, procedures, and practices which have been accepted as guides for social conduct over a relatively long period.
definition source: https://dictionary.apa.org/social-convention

solitude behavior disposition
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
definition: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in being physical alone or in lacking social interactions, whether desired or not.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-05T17:49:47+00:00
in subset: SOLO
comment: Solitude is most often linked to low levels of loneliness and positive emotions when it is chosen solitude (due to enjoying solitude) and spent in active ways; people with a propensity to ruminate and those who choose solitude because they do not like being with others tend to suffer the most in solitude - Julie
comment: What are the different motivations that explain why some seek solitude? Here there are so many overlapping terms (ie., unsociability, preference for solitude, avoidance, social anhedonia, affinity for solitude, affinity for aloneness, aversion to aloneness, autonomous solitude, not self-motivated solitude), but I have a recent study suggesting that the constructs tend to load into three larger factors: shyness, affinity for solitude, and social detachment.
preferred label: solitude

Axiom
annotated source: solitude behavior disposition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A mental disposition that, if realized, is realized in being physical alone or in lacking social interactions, whether desired or not.
definition source: Oliveira, J., Guerra, S., Sousa, L., & Ribeiro, O. (2024). Solitude in old age: a scoping review of conceptualisations, associated factors and impacts. Aging & Mental Health, 29(2), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2024.2379408

gerotranscendence
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
definition: A mental disposition borne by older adults such that, if realized, is realized in shifting in goals, values, and perspectives towards connections to past and future generations and in seeking coherence in one's life narrative.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-05T17:54:30Z
in subset: GERO
label: gerotranscendence disposition

Axiom
annotated source: gerotranscendence
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A mental disposition borne by older adults such that, if realized, is realized in shifting in goals, values, and perspectives towards connections to past and future generations and in seeking coherence in one's life narrative.
definition source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10466938/

social isolation
type: Class
subclass of: social alienation
definition: Social alienation that, if realized, is realized in being physically alone and desiring not to be.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:16:23+00:00
in subset: SOLO
label: social isolation behavior disposition

Axiom
annotated source: social isolation
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Social alienation that, if realized, is realized in being physically alone and desiring not to be.
definition source: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/loneliness-and-social-isolation/loneliness-and-social-isolation-tips-staying-connected

feeling of loneliness
type: Class
subclass of: subjective affective feeling
definition: A subjective affective feeling of dissatisfaction with a lack of social interactions and relationships.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-05T17:58:33+00:00
in subset: SOLO

Axiom
annotated source: feeling of loneliness
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A subjective affective feeling of dissatisfaction with a lack of social interactions and relationships.
definition source: Asher, S. R., Hymel, S., & Renshaw, P. D. (1984). Loneliness in children. Child development, 1456-1464.

theory information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: An information content entity that is a principle or body of interrelated principles that purports to explain or predict a number of interrelated phenomena.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:20:31+00:00
preferred label: theory

Axiom
annotated source: theory information content entity
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An information content entity that is a principle or body of interrelated principles that purports to explain or predict a number of interrelated phenomena.
definition source: https://dictionary.apa.org/theory

psychological theory
type: Class
subclass of: theory information content entity
definition: A theory that summarizes and explains mental and behavioral patterns within the context of society and culture.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:20:56+00:00
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

Axiom
annotated source: psychological theory
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A theory that summarizes and explains mental and behavioral patterns within the context of society and culture.
definition source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/psychological-theory

social convoy model
type: Class
subclass of: psychological theory
type: NamedIndividual
type: psychological theory
definition: A psychological theory positing that social connections differ in levels of closeness and stability, where peripheral relationships are most vulnerable to change and termination, especially with increased age.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:21:13+00:00
in subset: GERO
in subset: SOLO

ego integrity theory (Erikson)
type: Class
subclass of: psychological theory
type: NamedIndividual
type: psychological theory
definition: A psychological theory that posits the acceptance of life as it has been lived, including acceptance of death, as the major driving psychological goal of older adults.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:24:11Z
in subset: GERO

self-transcendence theory
type: Class
subclass of: psychological theory
type: NamedIndividual
type: psychological theory
definition: A psychological theory that posits self-transcendence as a mediating role between vulnerability and well-being, influenced by personal and contextual factors.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-02-26T21:26:30Z
in subset: GERO

transcendence
type: Class
subclass of: mental disposition
definition: A mental disposition borne by agents such that, if realized, is realized in shifting in goals, values, and attachments towards connections to past and future generations and in seeking coherence in one’s life narrative.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
label: transcendence disposition

social isolation state
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process in which an individual objectively lacks social connection such that there is little or no opportunity for social interaction.
contributor: Damayanthi Jesudas
contributor: Bill Duncan
contributor: John Beverley
contributor: Finn Wilson
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO
label: social isolation process

need for a sense of belonging to a community
type: Class
subclass of: psychological need
definition: A psychological need to feel connected to and accepted by a group.
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: example to be eventually removed

failed exploratory term
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: failed exploratory term
definition: The term was initially used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology, but in retrospect failed to do a good job.
definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
editor note: Terms created as placeholders with the expectation of being permanent should instead be deprecated using the "placeholder removed" (obo:IAO_0000226) justification.
term editor: Person:Alan Ruttenberg
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata complete
definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: organizational term
definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
definition: The term was created to ease viewing/sorting terms for development purposes, but will not be included in a release.
definition: term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: ready for release
definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: metadata incomplete
definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: uncurated
definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: pending final vetting
definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

core
type: NamedIndividual
type: Subset
definition: Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes.
term editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
term editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
has obsolescence reason: placeholder removed
label: obsolete_core
deprecated: true

placeholder removed
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: placeholder removed
definition: The term was created to temporarily stand in for a semantic purpose, but is no longer needed, typically due to another permanent term being defined.
editor note: This reason is appropriate for a temporary term even if no permanent term is defined; for example if the need for the term no longer exists. If a permanent (replacement) term is defined, the deprecated term should reference the replacement with IAO:0100001. If no replacement is defined, it may be appropriate to reference alternative terms with oboInOwl:consider.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

terms merged
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: terms merged
definition: The term has been combined with one or more other terms to create a more encompassing (merged) term.
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
editor note: The deprecated term should reference the merged term with obo:IAO_0100001. The replacement term should reference the original terms as sources using obo:RO_0001000 (derives_from). An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

term imported
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term imported
definition: The term has been replaced by a term imported from another ontology.
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. The deprecated term should reference the imported term with obo:IAO_0100001.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

term split
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
editor preferred term: term split
definition: The term has been split into two or more new terms.
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split. The deprecated term should reference the replacement terms with obo:IAO_0100001.
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

universal
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: universal
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: defined class
definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

named class expression
type: NamedIndividual
type: denotator type
editor preferred term: named class expression
definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: to be replaced with external ontology term
definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
type: curation status specification
editor preferred term: requires discussion
definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
term editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: group:OBI

out of scope
type: NamedIndividual
type: obsolescence reason specification
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples in disease ontologies are: unnecessary class grouping; mistaked creation of a disease associated to a phenotype.
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77
ontology term requester: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-5360
contributor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-1779

domain entity does not exist
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore).
term editor: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153
term tracker item: https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/136
ontology term requester: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153

Self-Transcendence Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Gerotranscendence Scale
type: NamedIndividual
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Adult Self-Transcendence Inventory
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Quiet Ego Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Narrative Identity Indicators of Self-Transcendence
type: NamedIndividual
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory
type: NamedIndividual
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO
alternative label: NADA

The Non-attachment to Self Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Loneliness Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Solitude Ontology (SOLO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO

Social Preference Scale-Revised
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Solitude Ontology (SOLO)
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO

UCLA Loneliness Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Solitude Ontology (SOLO)
definition: The Likert scale designed to assess an individual's subjective feelings of loneliness and social isolation, as well as perceived disconnects between desired and actual social relationships.
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO

Positive Solitude Scale
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The Likert scale designed to assess the degree to which individuals experience solitude as a beneficial, reflecting dimensions such as emotional restoration, creativity, inner peace, and personal growth in the absence of social interaction.
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: SOLO

reminiscence therapy
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gerotranscendence Ontology (GERO)
definition: The behaviour change intervention that uses life histories to improve well-being
contributor: John Beverley
created: 2025-06-14T22:20:08Z
in subset: GERO

Damayanthi Jesudas
type: NamedIndividual

Oliver He
type: NamedIndividual

Bill Duncan
type: NamedIndividual

John Beverley
type: NamedIndividual

Jie Zheng
type: NamedIndividual

Leo Yeh
type: NamedIndividual

Finn Wilson
type: NamedIndividual

Sam Smith
type: NamedIndividual

Axiom
annotated source: social convoy model
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A psychological theory positing that social connections differ in levels of closeness and stability, where peripheral relationships are most vulnerable to change and termination, especially with increased age.
definition source: Antonucci, T. C., Ajrouch, K. J., & Birditt, K. S. (2014). The convoy model: Explaining social relations from a multidisciplinary perspective. The Gerontologist, 54(1), 82-92.

Axiom
annotated source: ego integrity theory (Erikson)
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A psychological theory that posits the acceptance of life as it has been lived, including acceptance of death, as the major driving psychological goal of older adults.
definition source: Erikson E.H. The Life Cycle Completed. Norton; New York, NY, USA: 1982.

Axiom
annotated source: self-transcendence theory
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A psychological theory that posits self-transcendence as a mediating role between vulnerability and well-being, influenced by personal and contextual factors.
definition source: Reed, P.G. (1991). Toward a nursing theory of self-transcendence: Deductive reformulation using developmental theories. Advances in Nursing Science, 13 (4), 64-77.