ExO is intended to bridge the gap between exposure science and diverse environmental health disciplines including toxicology, epidemiology, disease surveillance, and epigenetics.
For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
An injection exposure route which takes place within or is administered into a vein
An injection route of exposure which is administered under the skin.
An injection route of exposure which is administered into a muscle.
An agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causes stress or tension on an organism and interacts with an exposure_receptor during an exposure event.
An entity (e.g., a human, human population, or a human organ) that interacts with an exposure stimulus during an exposure event.
An interaction between an exposure stressor and an exposure_receptor.
Entity that results from the interaction between and exposure_receptor and an exposure stressor during an exposure event.
A exposure transport path is the course an agent takes from the source to the target.
An exposure stressor that is a change in the distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment.
An agent as a source of energy that may cause injury or disease (e.g., noise, vibration, radiation, temperature extremes).
An agent that interferes with one's psychological development in and interaction with a social environment.
A transport path that allows a stressor to interact with a receptor via air.
A mechanical agent applied to biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells
An ecological perturbation that results from the deterioration of an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant or other type of organism.
An ecological perturbation that is acidic water, usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
An ecological pertubation that is any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
A psychosocial agent that is a situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
Where something is available or from where it originates.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
Substances or processes that originate outside of an organism or a system.
A location that is happening or arising or located inside some limits, or especially, some surface.
An exogenous location that is happening or arising or located outside
Substances or processes that originate within an organism or a system.
Any agent, entity, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event.
The act of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures to convert it from one form to another.
A process occurring in living organisms.
A systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something.
The exposure process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants or raising domesticated animals (livestock).
An exposure transport path involving the interaction of an exposure_receptor with an exposure stressor via water.
An exposure transport path involving the interaction of an exposure_receptor with an exposure stressor via soil.
The earth, all of the organisms living on it, and all of the environmental factors, which act on the organisms. The volume of area where biological matter can exist, slightly above, on or below ground level.
MERGED DEFINITION:\nTARGET DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.\n--------------------\nSOURCE DEFINITION: An exposure_receptor that is the part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats.
An exposure_receptor that is a group of Homo sapiens inhabiting a given area.
An individual attribute that is the usual or principal work or business of an individual.
The individual attribute that is the genes and their composition that are characteristic of an individual or population.
A individual attribute that is a particular period in the life of an organism.
The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency).
An individual attribute human society and its modes of organization.
A social characteristic about or relating to the arts and manners favored or practiced by a group.
The act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge.
Being or characteristic of a single thing or person.
The individual attribute describing the structure of a living organism.
Anatomical structure, which consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a unit of macroscopic anatomy, structurally distinct from other such units. Examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, skin, tracheobronchial tree, ovary.
Anatomical structure, which consists of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. Examples: epithelium, muscle tissue, connective tissue, neural tissue, lymphoid tissue.
Anatomical structure that consists of a cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane; together with other cells and intercellular matrix, it constitutes tissues. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron.
Substances made up of atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates that are produced only by living organisms. Biological molecules are often referred to as macromolecules or biopolymers.
Human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from personal shelter and buildings to neighborhoods and cite, and can often include their supporting infrastructure, such as water supply or energy networks.
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence.
A physical quality, which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions.
A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent.
Amount of time during which an event persists.
The way people, sample, or other living organisms come into contact with a stressor.
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor by swallowing the stressor or a substance containing the stressor.
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor through breathing.
The process of one material (absorbent) being retained by another (absorbate).
The extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent).
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor that has directly entered the body through punctures, bites, or needles.
The contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.
Body substance which consists of plasma and blood cells.
A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force.
A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality.
A measurement is an information entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by an instrument.
An exposure quality in which events occur in sequence.
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
A representation of a particular system or subject matter that may only be drawn on paper, described in words, or imagined in the mind.
A representation of a particular system or subject matter that can be computed.
A representation of a particular system or subject matter that is computer-derived.
The total quantity or strength of a substance administered at one time.
A disease is a pattern of abnormal functioning, or abnormal localization of normal functioning, and/or abnormal localization of constituents when compared to other members of that species.
A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease.
An exposure medium is a substance through which something else is transmitted or carried during an exposure.
The end result of a manufacturing process; anything that is produced.
The act or fact of interfering so as to modify.
Of or relating to space or components within space.
An attribute describing some aspect of an individual or human population.
Of, or relating to, the area in which an individual or population lives, primarily describing the dwelling or shelter used for housing and the location immediately surrounding it
The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.
The origination of a stressor from the location of the principal work or business of an individual.
A drug product that contains one or more active and/or inactive ingredients; it is intended to treat, prevent or alleviate the symptoms of disease. This term does not refer to the individual ingredients that make up the product.
The customary allowance of food and drink taken by a person or an animal from day to day, particularly one especially planned to meet specific requirements of the individual, including or excluding certain items of food; a prescribed course of eating and drinking in which the amount and kind of food, as well as the times at which it is to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes or selected with reference to a particular state of health.
A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states.
A region, district or division of a country; a tract; a portion a state, especially one remote from the capital.
An area or portion of something with more or less definite boundaries designed or specified according to some established biological, administrative, economic, demographic, etc. criteria.
One of the fifty states which is a member of the federation known as the United States of America. Other US geographic areas, such as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, are essentially equivalent to State when used in an address.
The assemblage of traits or outward appearance of an individual. It is the product of interactions between genes and between genes and the environment.
How long something or someone has existed; elapsed time since birth.
Other conditions with the power to have an effect on health status.
Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol.
A general indicator of the body fat an individual is carrying based upon the ratio of weight to height.
The genetic constitution of an organism or cell, as distinct from its expressed features or phenotype.
Any form of exercise or movement. Physical activity may include planned activity such as walking, running, basketball, or other sports. Physical activity may also include other daily activities such as household chores, yard work, walking the dog, etc.
An arbitrary classification of a taxonomic group that is a division of a species. It usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species and is characterized by shared heredity, physical attributes and behavior, and in the case of humans, by common history, nationality, or geographic distribution.
The assemblage of physical properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female; the physical difference between male and female; the distinguishing peculiarity of male or female.
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces ova. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, or cultural gender role distinctions, or both.
A person who belongs to the sex that normally produces sperm. The term is used to indicate biological sex distinctions, cultural gender role distinctions, or both.
An indication of a person's current tobacco and nicotine consumption as well as some indication of smoking history.
Characteristics of a person such as education and occupation, used to describe the person's position in stratification systems, access to services, etc.
An adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes. Includes daily smokers and non-daily smokers (also known as occasional smokers).
A person who was not smoking at the time of the interview but has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life.
A person who was not smoking at the time of the interview and has smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their life.
Persons who are not yet adults. The specific cut-off age will vary by purpose.
A group of individuals, identified by a common characteristic.
Study subjects who serve as controls (i.e., lack the characteristics of a disease or phenotype) in a research study as compared to study subjects with a disease or phenotype as indicated.
An unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature being.
A young child between one month and two years of age or between birth and one month of age.
Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.
Persons who are observed, analyzed, examined, investigated, experimented upon, or/and treated in the course of a particular study.
Study subjects with a disease or phenotype as indicated.
Study subjects who exhibit characteristics of a specific genotype in a research study.
A person performing a job or service for another person or a business firm on a full- or part-time basis and who receives payment for this work.
A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. Terms such as "Haitian" or "Negro" can be used in addition to "Black or African American".
Denotes a person having origins in any indigenous people of Alaska and their descendants and who maintains tribal affiliation, or community or cultural attachment. The concept refers to population subgroups such as Eskimos, Aleuts, Inupiat, Yupik, Alutiiq, Egegik,and Pribilovian, Alaskan Athabascan, Tlingit, and Haida. The concept refers also to individuals who classify themselves as such.
Denotes a person having origins in one of the indigenous peoples of North America, who lived on the continent prior to the European colonization. The term includes individuals belonging to a large number of tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of them still enduring as communities.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
A person having origins in the original peoples of the Indian sub-continent.
A person of Central or South American culture or origin.
A term sometimes used interchangeably with Mexican-American to denote an American citizen of Mexican decent. The term is a chosen identity of some Mexican-Americans in the United States.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of China.
A person of Cuban culture or origin, regardless of race.
Denotes a person from or of Cuba or an American citizen of Cuban descent.
Denotes the inhabitants of the Dominican Republic, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Philippine Islands.
Denotes inhabitants of Guam, an island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines, south of the Northern Mariana Islands.
A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
A general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and the United States. In Alaska, the term Eskimo is commonly used, because it includes both Yupik and Inupiat, while Inuit is not accepted as a collective term. In Canada and Greenland, the term Eskimo has fallen out of favor, as it is considered pejorative by the natives and has been replaced by the term Inuit.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Japan.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Korea.
Denotes an american citizen of Mexican descent.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii.
A person of non-specified racial, cultural, or geographic origins.
A person having origins in the original peoples of the Pacific Islands, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Mariana Islands or Samoa.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Samoa.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Vietnam.
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa.
A route by which an exposure to a pregnant female causes an outcome in the fetus that might be observed long after birth
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor present in the subject or sample's direct surroundings.
An ambient environment route in which the surroundings are water.
An ambient environment in which the surroundings are terrestrial.
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor by breathing the ambient air containing this stressor.
passive inhalation of the ambient environment route
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor by purposely breathing or inhaling the stressor or substance containing the stressor.
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor in the subject's gastrointestinal tract.
An exposure route in which a subject or sample comes in contact with a stressor that was directly administered into the stomach.
An exposure in which the contact with the stressor is uninterrupted over an extended period of time.
A sustained chemical exposure in which the exposed subject or sample is in a non-flowing, stagnant environment with the stressor.
A sustained chemical exposure in which the exposed subject or sample is in an environment with the stressor is refreshed or renewed periodically.
A sustained chemical exposure in which the exposed subject or sample is in an environment where the stressor is constantly refreshed or renewed.
An exposure in which the contact with the stressor occurs more than once over a period of time, at intervals.
The pattern or schedule of an exposure event, including dose, frequency, and duration.