{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2023-52923", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-08-21T06:07:11.018Z", "datePublished": "2025-01-20T10:48:13.723Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:12:03.542Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:12:03.542Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API\n\nUse the GC transaction API to replace the old and buggy gc API and the\nbusy mark approach.\n\nNo set elements are removed from async garbage collection anymore,\ninstead the _DEAD bit is set on so the set element is not visible from\nlookup path anymore. Async GC enqueues transaction work that might be\naborted and retried later.\n\nrbtree and pipapo set backends does not set on the _DEAD bit from the\nsync GC path since this runs in control plane path where mutex is held.\nIn this case, set elements are deactivated, removed and then released\nvia RCU callback, sync GC never fails." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Reachable only via local nfnetlink/nftables control-plane syscalls (NFT_MSG_NEWSETELEM/DELSETELEM and related set ops), not via remote packet processing.\nAC:L - An attacker can create timed-out set elements and concurrently delete/flush them from another thread while async GC runs, controlling both sides of the GC vs control-plane race that caused double-deactivation/UAF.\nPR:L - nfnetlink requires CAP_NET_ADMIN via netlink_net_capable() in the network namespace's user_ns, which an unprivileged attacker obtains with user+net namespaces (unshare -Urn).\nUI:N - Exploitation needs no victim action beyond the attacker's own netlink transactions in their namespace.\nS:U - Impact is privilege escalation within the same kernel/host authority; this is not a VM/IOMMU/sandbox boundary escape.\nC:H - The buggy busy-mark GC path allows use-after-free / double-deactivation of set elements (explicitly UaF in the GC rework; same series as CVE-2023-4244 LPE), which can be leveraged for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Set-element UAF enables heap reuse and write primitives for control-flow hijacking / local privilege escalation, consistent with related nf_tables GC race UAFs.\nA:H - UAF and double-free of set elements can oops/panic the kernel even when not fully exploited for code execution." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "cb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "df650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "e4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434", "lessThan": "f6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adf", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_hash.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c", "net/netfilter/nft_set_rbtree.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.1", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.1", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "4.19.316", "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.4.262", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.198", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.134", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.56", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.4.11", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.316" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.262" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.198" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.134" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.56" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.11" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.1", "versionEndExcluding": "6.5" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adf" } ], "title": "netfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }