{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2024-41096", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2024-07-12T12:17:45.637Z", "datePublished": "2024-07-29T15:48:09.247Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:35:21.795Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:35:21.795Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nPCI/MSI: Fix UAF in msi_capability_init\n\nKFENCE reports the following UAF:\n\n BUG: KFENCE: use-after-free read in __pci_enable_msi_range+0x2c0/0x488\n\n Use-after-free read at 0x0000000024629571 (in kfence-#12):\n __pci_enable_msi_range+0x2c0/0x488\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity+0xec/0x14c\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors+0x18/0x28\n\n kfence-#12: 0x0000000008614900-0x00000000e06c228d, size=104, cache=kmalloc-128\n\n allocated by task 81 on cpu 7 at 10.808142s:\n __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1f0/0x2bc\n kmalloc_trace+0x44/0x138\n msi_alloc_desc+0x3c/0x9c\n msi_domain_insert_msi_desc+0x30/0x78\n msi_setup_msi_desc+0x13c/0x184\n __pci_enable_msi_range+0x258/0x488\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity+0xec/0x14c\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors+0x18/0x28\n\n freed by task 81 on cpu 7 at 10.811436s:\n msi_domain_free_descs+0xd4/0x10c\n msi_domain_free_locked.part.0+0xc0/0x1d8\n msi_domain_alloc_irqs_all_locked+0xb4/0xbc\n pci_msi_setup_msi_irqs+0x30/0x4c\n __pci_enable_msi_range+0x2a8/0x488\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors_affinity+0xec/0x14c\n pci_alloc_irq_vectors+0x18/0x28\n\nDescriptor allocation done in:\n__pci_enable_msi_range\n msi_capability_init\n msi_setup_msi_desc\n msi_insert_msi_desc\n msi_domain_insert_msi_desc\n msi_alloc_desc\n ...\n\nFreed in case of failure in __msi_domain_alloc_locked()\n__pci_enable_msi_range\n msi_capability_init\n pci_msi_setup_msi_irqs\n msi_domain_alloc_irqs_all_locked\n msi_domain_alloc_locked\n __msi_domain_alloc_locked => fails\n msi_domain_free_locked\n ...\n\nThat failure propagates back to pci_msi_setup_msi_irqs() in\nmsi_capability_init() which accesses the descriptor for unmasking in the\nerror exit path.\n\nCure it by copying the descriptor and using the copy for the error exit path\nunmask operation.\n\n[ tglx: Massaged change log ]" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached through local interfaces only — the `VFIO_DEVICE_SET_IRQS` ioctl on a passed-through PCI device, sysfs driver bind/unbind, or device hotplug — never from network input. Local access to a device file or the sysfs PCI interface is required.\nAC:L - Via VFIO the attacker directly controls the vector count passed to `pci_alloc_irq_vectors()` and can loop enable/disable indefinitely, and the required allocation failure (ITS device-table/LPI exhaustion, x86 vector exhaustion, or `-ENOMEM` in sysfs/irqdomain allocation) is inducible by attacker-created vector and memory pressure. The freed object lives in the generic sprayable `kmalloc-128` cache and the free path sleeps, so reclaim is not an uncontrollable race.\nPR:L - In the standard device-passthrough deployment the vfio group/device fd is handed to an unprivileged VMM account, and `vfio_pci_ioctl_set_irqs()` performs no capability check for the IOMMU-backed path (`CAP_SYS_RAWIO` gates only no-IOMMU mode). A basic local user holding that descriptor can drive `msi_capability_init()` repeatedly.\nUI:N - The attacker triggers the MSI enable path entirely through their own ioctl calls, with no action by any other user or administrator required.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel slab memory and is confined to the kernel's own security authority; no IOMMU, hypervisor, or sandbox boundary is crossed by the defect itself.\nC:H - The freed `msi_desc` is read after free, including the `desc->dev` pointer that is then dereferenced through `pci_write_config_dword()`; controlling the reclaimed `kmalloc-128` object turns this into an arbitrary kernel read primitive and full memory disclosure.\nI:H - `pci_msi_update_mask()` writes back into the freed object (`desc->pci.msi_mask &= ~clear`), corrupting whatever now occupies the slot, and dereferences `dev->bus->ops->write` from freed memory — a control-flow hijack primitive enabling arbitrary write and code execution.\nA:H - The use-after-free dereferences stale pointers and takes a spinlock at an address read from freed memory, reliably producing an oops or kernel panic even when not weaponized, as confirmed by the KFENCE report in the fix commit." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/pci/msi/msi.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "bf6e054e0e3fbc9614355b760e18c8a14f952a4e", "lessThan": "0ae40b2d0a5de6b045504098e365d4fdff5bbeba", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "bf6e054e0e3fbc9614355b760e18c8a14f952a4e", "lessThan": "ff1121d2214b794dc1772081f27bdd90721a84bc", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "bf6e054e0e3fbc9614355b760e18c8a14f952a4e", "lessThan": "45fc8d20e0768ab0a0ad054081d0f68aa3c83976", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "bf6e054e0e3fbc9614355b760e18c8a14f952a4e", "lessThan": "9eee5330656bf92f51cb1f09b2dc9f8cf975b3d1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/pci/msi/msi.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.17", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.17", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.109", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.37", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.9.8", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.9.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.17", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.109" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.17", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.37" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.17", "versionEndExcluding": "6.9.8" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.17", "versionEndExcluding": "6.10" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ae40b2d0a5de6b045504098e365d4fdff5bbeba" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff1121d2214b794dc1772081f27bdd90721a84bc" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45fc8d20e0768ab0a0ad054081d0f68aa3c83976" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9eee5330656bf92f51cb1f09b2dc9f8cf975b3d1" } ], "title": "PCI/MSI: Fix UAF in msi_capability_init", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff1121d2214b794dc1772081f27bdd90721a84bc", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45fc8d20e0768ab0a0ad054081d0f68aa3c83976", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9eee5330656bf92f51cb1f09b2dc9f8cf975b3d1", "tags": [ "x_transferred" ] }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T22:00:53.719Z" } }, { "metrics": [ { "other": { "type": "ssvc", "content": { "id": "CVE-2024-41096", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [ { "Exploitation": "none" }, { "Automatable": "no" }, { "Technical Impact": "partial" } ], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2024-09-10T16:20:22.209715Z" } } } ], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", 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