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    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-25292",
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "dateReserved": "2025-02-06T17:13:33.122Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-03-12T20:53:24.353Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:45:01.139Z"
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    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "title": "Ruby SAML vulnerable to SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)",
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                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-347",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
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                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-436",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-436: Interpretation Conflict",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV4_0": {
                        "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                        "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                        "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
                        "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                        "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "baseScore": 9.3,
                        "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                        "version": "4.0"
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            "references": [
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
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                    "url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
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                    "url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9"
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                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins"
                },
                {
                    "name": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml",
                    "tags": [
                        "x_refsource_MISC"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml"
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "vendor": "SAML-Toolkits",
                    "product": "ruby-saml",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "< 1.12.4",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": ">= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0",
                            "status": "affected"
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            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
                "shortName": "GitHub_M",
                "dateUpdated": "2025-09-12T19:06:17.813Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue."
                }
            ],
            "source": {
                "advisory": "GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2",
                "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
            }
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "title": "CVE Program Container",
                "references": [
                    {
                        "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0009/"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html"
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            {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "timestamp": "2025-03-18T14:32:48.636527Z",
                                "id": "CVE-2025-25292",
                                "options": [
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                                        "Exploitation": "none"
                                    },
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                                        "Automatable": "yes"
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                                        "Technical Impact": "total"
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                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
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