{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-31651",
        "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "apache",
        "dateReserved": "2025-03-31T12:25:25.164Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-04-28T19:17:21.721Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:59.801Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "affected": [
                {
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "product": "Apache Tomcat",
                    "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "11.0.5",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "11.0.0-M1",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "10.1.39",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "10.1.0-M1",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "9.0.102",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "9.0.0.M1",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "8.5.100",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "version": "8.5.0",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "lessThan": "8.5.0",
                            "status": "unknown",
                            "version": "8.0.0.RC1",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "10.0.27",
                            "status": "unknown",
                            "version": "10.0.0-M1",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "credits": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "finder",
                    "value": "COSCO Shipping Lines DIC"
                }
            ],
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "supportingMedia": [
                        {
                            "base64": false,
                            "type": "text/html",
                            "value": "<p>Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.&nbsp;For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.</p><p>This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.<br>The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.<br></p><p>Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.</p>"
                        }
                    ],
                    "value": "Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue."
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "other": {
                        "content": {
                            "text": "low"
                        },
                        "type": "Textual description of severity"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "cweId": "CWE-116",
                            "description": "CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output",
                            "lang": "en",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
                "shortName": "apache",
                "dateUpdated": "2025-10-29T11:46:27.496Z"
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "tags": [
                        "vendor-advisory"
                    ],
                    "url": "https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org"
                }
            ],
            "source": {
                "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
            },
            "title": "Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve",
            "x_generator": {
                "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
            }
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "title": "CVE Program Container",
                "references": [
                    {
                        "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3"
                    },
                    {
                        "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"
                    }
                ],
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
                    "shortName": "CVE",
                    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:53:12.871Z"
                }
            },
            {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "cvssV3_1": {
                            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                            "version": "3.1",
                            "baseScore": 9.8,
                            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                            "userInteraction": "NONE",
                            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
                        }
                    },
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "id": "CVE-2025-31651",
                                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                                "options": [
                                    {
                                        "Exploitation": "none"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Automatable": "yes"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "version": "2.0.3",
                                "timestamp": "2025-07-30T03:55:44.862157Z"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
                    "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
                    "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:59.801Z"
                }
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}