{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-37822", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.947Z", "datePublished": "2025-05-08T06:26:16.209Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:57:45.691Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nriscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer\n\nThe XOL (execute out-of-line) buffer is used to single-step the\nreplaced instruction(s) for uprobes. The RISC-V port was missing a\nproper fence.i (i$ flushing) after constructing the XOL buffer, which\ncan result in incorrect execution of stale/broken instructions.\n\nThis was found running the BPF selftests \"test_progs:\nuprobe_autoattach, attach_probe\" on the Spacemit K1/X60, where the\nuprobes tests randomly blew up." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local execution on the target — the attacker must run a process that executes the probed instruction and primes the I-cache at the user-mapped `[uprobes]` XOL page. There is no network-reachable path to `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nAC:L - RISC-V has no implicit I$/D$ coherence, so the missing `fence.i` leaves stale lines as baseline architectural behavior, not a rare config; the attacker can trigger the XOL path repeatedly at will and can deliberately execute at the known, user-mapped XOL slot addresses to seed the stale lines. The bug was observed reproducing on stock hardware during ordinary selftest runs.\nPR:L - Once a uprobe is active — a routine observability configuration installed by an admin, not an attack step — an entirely unprivileged local user drives the vulnerable path just by calling the probed function in their own process. No capability is needed to reach `xol_get_insn_slot()` → `arch_uprobe_copy_ixol()`.\nUI:N - The attacker executes the probed instruction in its own process to trigger the XOL copy; no action by any other user or victim is required.\nS:U - The stale instruction executes in the traced process's own user context and the WARN/panic effects stay within the kernel's own authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The traced process — potentially a privileged daemon or setuid binary under a system-wide probe on libc/libssl — executes a stale instruction with its live register state, a control-flow-integrity failure that can branch into or read out that process's memory. The attacker influences what sits in the I-cache at that kernel-provided address.\nI:H - Executing a stale/wrong instruction with the probed process's live registers yields arbitrary stores and control-flow deviation inside that process, and the trailing ebreak may be skipped entirely, letting the PC run past the slot into adjacent slot contents.\nA:H - The probed process is killed via `force_sig(SIGILL)`, and the broken single-step contract hits `WARN_ON_ONCE` in both `arch_uprobe_post_xol()` and `handle_singlestep()`, which is a kernel panic under `panic_on_warn`. The commit reports uprobe selftests randomly blowing up on real hardware." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6", "lessThan": "7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/riscv/kernel/probes/uprobes.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.12", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.12", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.200", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.163", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.121", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.26", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.200" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.163" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.121" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.26" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.12", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48" } ], "title": "riscv: uprobes: Add missing fence.i after building the XOL buffer", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }