{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-37885", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.963Z", "datePublished": "2025-05-09T06:45:48.150Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:02.551Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:58:02.551Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn't postable\n\nRestore an IRTE back to host control (remapped or posted MSI mode) if the\n*new* GSI route prevents posting the IRQ directly to a vCPU, regardless of\nthe GSI routing type. Updating the IRTE if and only if the new GSI is an\nMSI results in KVM leaving an IRTE posting to a vCPU.\n\nThe dangling IRTE can result in interrupts being incorrectly delivered to\nthe guest, and in the worst case scenario can result in use-after-free,\ne.g. if the VM is torn down, but the underlying host IRQ isn't freed." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through the KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING ioctl on a local VM file descriptor, requiring local access to /dev/kvm and a VFIO device node. No network-facing code path reaches the IRTE update logic.\nAC:L - A single KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING call replacing an MSI route with any non-MSI routing type for a bypassed GSI deterministically leaves the IRTE dangling in posted mode; there is no race to win and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker's control needed to reach the bug.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere on the path — only possession of the VM fd and a VFIO group fd, which is exactly the privilege set granted to an unprivileged QEMU process (user qemu/libvirt-qemu) on any cloud host doing PCI passthrough. This is also the position an attacker occupies after escaping the guest into the deliberately-sandboxed VMM process.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire sequence (bind irqfd, change GSI routing, tear down the VM, drive device interrupts) with no action required from any other user or victim.\nS:C - The dangling IRTE leaves an IOMMU interrupt-remapping entry under guest control, so device interrupts escape host authority — posted into a guest while the VM lives, and after teardown written by IOMMU hardware into physical memory that now belongs to a different security domain (host kernel or another VM). This is an interrupt-remapping/IOMMU isolation boundary bypass, not containment within a single authority.\nC:H - The use-after-free lets a guest receive host device interrupts it should never see, and the stale posted-interrupt descriptor target in reallocated kernel memory is leverageable for disclosure of host kernel memory contents to the attacker.\nI:H - After the vCPU/VM is freed, the IOMMU performs hardware writes (bit set in PIR at an attacker-chosen vector offset, plus the ON bit) into freed and reallocated kernel memory, giving a repeatable, timing-controlled write primitive into groomable slab objects — sufficient for control-flow hijack or privilege escalation.\nA:H - The use-after-free corrupts arbitrary reallocated kernel memory causing oops/panic, WARN_ON_ONCE(posted_vcpu) fires in the VT-d IRTE free path (panic under panic_on_warn), and the host permanently loses the device's interrupts." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c", "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/posted_intr.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "e5f2dee9f7fcd2ff4b97869f3c66a0d89c167769", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "116c7d35b8f72eac383b9fd371d7c1a8ffc2968b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "023816bd5fa46fab94d1e7917fe131b79ed1fb41", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "3481fd96d801715942b6f69fe251133128156f30", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "b5de7ac74f69603ad803c524b840bffd36368fc3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "3066ec21d1a33896125747f68638725f456308db", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "efc644048ecde54f016011fe10110addd0de348f", "lessThan": "9bcac97dc42d2f4da8229d18feb0fe2b1ce523a2", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "arch/x86/kvm/svm/avic.c", "arch/x86/kvm/vmx/posted_intr.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.4", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.237", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.181", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.136", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.89", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.26", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.14.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.14.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.237" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.181" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.136" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.89" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.26" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.14.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.4", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5f2dee9f7fcd2ff4b97869f3c66a0d89c167769" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/116c7d35b8f72eac383b9fd371d7c1a8ffc2968b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/023816bd5fa46fab94d1e7917fe131b79ed1fb41" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3481fd96d801715942b6f69fe251133128156f30" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5de7ac74f69603ad803c524b840bffd36368fc3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3066ec21d1a33896125747f68638725f456308db" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9bcac97dc42d2f4da8229d18feb0fe2b1ce523a2" } ], "title": "KVM: x86: Reset IRTE to host control if *new* route isn't postable", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:56:59.413Z" } } ] } }