{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-38161", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.990Z", "datePublished": "2025-07-03T08:36:03.087Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:55.488Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:59:55.488Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction\n\nUpon RQ destruction if the firmware command fails which is the\nlast resource to be destroyed some SW resources were already cleaned\nregardless of the failure.\n\nNow properly rollback the object to its original state upon such failure.\n\nIn order to avoid a use-after free in case someone tries to destroy the\nobject again, which results in the following kernel trace:\nrefcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\nWARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 37589 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nModules linked in: rdma_ucm(OE) rdma_cm(OE) iw_cm(OE) ib_ipoib(OE) ib_cm(OE) ib_umad(OE) mlx5_ib(OE) rfkill mlx5_core(OE) mlxdevm(OE) ib_uverbs(OE) ib_core(OE) psample mlxfw(OE) mlx_compat(OE) macsec tls pci_hyperv_intf sunrpc vfat fat virtio_net net_failover failover fuse loop nfnetlink vsock_loopback vmw_vsock_virtio_transport_common vmw_vsock_vmci_transport vmw_vmci vsock xfs crct10dif_ce ghash_ce sha2_ce sha256_arm64 sha1_ce virtio_console virtio_gpu virtio_blk virtio_dma_buf virtio_mmio dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod xpmem(OE)\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 37589 Comm: python3 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE ------- --- 6.12.0-54.el10.aarch64 #1\nTainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE\nHardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\npstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)\npc : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nlr : refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\nsp : ffff80008b81b7e0\nx29: ffff80008b81b7e0 x28: ffff000133d51600 x27: 0000000000000001\nx26: 0000000000000000 x25: 00000000ffffffea x24: ffff00010ae80f00\nx23: ffff00010ae80f80 x22: ffff0000c66e5d08 x21: 0000000000000000\nx20: ffff0000c66e0000 x19: ffff00010ae80340 x18: 0000000000000006\nx17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000020 x15: ffff80008b81b37f\nx14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2e656572662d7265 x12: ffff80008283ef78\nx11: ffff80008257efd0 x10: ffff80008283efd0 x9 : ffff80008021ed90\nx8 : 0000000000000001 x7 : 00000000000bffe8 x6 : c0000000ffff7fff\nx5 : ffff0001fb8e3408 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : ffff800179993000\nx2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000133d51600\nCall trace:\n refcount_warn_saturate+0xf4/0x148\n mlx5_core_put_rsc+0x88/0xa0 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked+0x64/0x98 [mlx5_ib]\n mlx5_ib_destroy_wq+0x34/0x80 [mlx5_ib]\n ib_destroy_wq_user+0x30/0xc0 [ib_core]\n uverbs_free_wq+0x28/0x58 [ib_uverbs]\n destroy_hw_idr_uobject+0x34/0x78 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_uobject+0x48/0x240 [ib_uverbs]\n __uverbs_cleanup_ufile+0xd4/0x1a8 [ib_uverbs]\n uverbs_destroy_ufile_hw+0x48/0x120 [ib_uverbs]\n ib_uverbs_close+0x2c/0x100 [ib_uverbs]\n __fput+0xd8/0x2f0\n __fput_sync+0x50/0x70\n __arm64_sys_close+0x40/0x90\n invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x74/0xd0\n do_el0_svc+0x48/0xe8\n el0_svc+0x44/0x1d0\n el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x130\n el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8" } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the local RDMA verbs uAPI (`/dev/infiniband/uverbsN` ioctl/write commands for WQ create/destroy, plus optional DEVX commands); no remote peer input reaches `mlx5_core_destroy_rq_tracked()`.\nAC:L - The attacker can deterministically force the firmware `DESTROY_RQ` to fail by creating a DEVX RQT/TIR that references the WQ's RQN (both objects share the caller's devx uid), then issuing WQ_DESTROY; the second destroy attempt (explicit or automatic at close()) always hits the refcount underflow, with no race to win.\nPR:L - Only an unprivileged local account with access to the uverbs character device is needed — no capability is checked in `ib_uverbs_ex_create_wq`, `UVERBS_METHOD_WQ_DESTROY`, or DEVX uid allocation, and rdma-core's default udev rules expose these nodes to normal users (including inside containers).\nUI:N - The full sequence (create WQ, pin a firmware reference, destroy twice or just close the fd) is performed entirely by the attacker's own process; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corrupted refcount, hung task and freed-buffer DMA all remain within the kernel's own security authority on the same host; no VM, IOMMU or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Upstream reports this as a use-after-free (refcount underflow on an object whose lifetime tracking has been dismantled while firmware still owns it); on the affected pre-5.9 range the user's RQ buffers are unpinned and freed while the live RQ continues DMA-ing, allowing recycled kernel memory to be read back through the still-mapped queue.\nI:H - The same broken lifetime accounting yields a write primitive — a firmware-owned RQ continues DMA-writing attacker-influenced received packet data into pages returned to the page allocator, and refcount saturation destroys the object's free protocol, which is exploitable for memory corruption rather than a mere warning.\nA:H - The retried destroy blocks permanently in `wait_for_completion()` on an already-consumed completion, leaving an unkillable TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE thread inside close() while holding `ufile->hw_destroy_rwsem`, which also wedges any further use of that uverbs file and prevents device unbind/module removal." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c", "include/linux/mlx5/driver.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "e2013b212f9f201c71fc5826ce41f39ebece0852", "lessThan": "5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/infiniband/hw/mlx5/qpc.c", "include/linux/mlx5/driver.h" ], "versions": [ { "version": "4.5", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.239", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.186", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.142", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.94", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.34", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.15.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.16", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.239" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.186" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.142" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.94" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.34" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.16" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26d2f662d3a6655a82fd8a287e8b1ce471567f36" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9784da76ad7be66230e829e743bdf68a2c49e56" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf32affe6f3801cfb72a65e69c4bc7a8ee9be100" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7c4c84cdcc19e89d42f6bf117238e5471173423e" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50ac361ff8914133e3cf6ef184bac90c22cb8d79" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a7790cbba654e925243571cf2f24d61603d3ed3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d2ea5aebbb2f3ebde4403f9c55b2b057e5dd2d6" } ], "title": "RDMA/mlx5: Fix error flow upon firmware failure for RQ destruction", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [ { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html" }, { "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html" } ], "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:34:52.048Z" } } ] } }