{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-40095", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.163Z", "datePublished": "2025-10-30T09:48:03.276Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:46.524Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:07:46.524Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()\n\nAfter an bind/unbind cycle, the rndis->notify_req is left stale. If a\nsubsequent bind fails, the unified error label attempts to free this\nstale request, leading to a NULL pointer dereference when accessing\nep->ops->free_request.\n\nRefactor the error handling in the bind path to use the __free()\nautomatic cleanup mechanism." } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is the gadget bind/unbind sequence driven entirely by local writes to `/sys/kernel/config/usb_gadget//UDC` (or legacy gadget module load); no USB traffic from an attached host is involved, so this is a local syscall/filesystem-reachable bug rather than a physical-access one.\nAC:L - The attacker controls every step — the successful bind, the unbind that leaves `rndis->notify_req` dangling, and the forced failure of the next bind (e.g. exhausting `usb_interface_id()`/`usb_ep_autoconfig()` by reshaping a functionfs function between cycles), plus the heap spray that reclaims the freed `usb_request`.\nPR:L - Only local write access to the USB gadget configfs tree is needed, which on Android and embedded/industrial deployments is routinely delegated to non-root system/daemon accounts that drive USB function switching; no capability check exists in the bind path itself.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all configfs writes itself; no victim action, cable plug event, or interaction with any other user is required.\nS:U - The dangling-pointer free corrupts kernel heap state within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Use of the freed `usb_request` reads `->buf` out of reclaimed slab memory the attacker can groom, and the resulting arbitrary-free/double-free primitives enable object overlap and kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - `kfree()` of an attacker-controlled pointer read from the freed request, plus a double free through `ep->ops->free_request`, yields classic heap-corruption primitives that can be leveraged into arbitrary write and privilege escalation.\nA:H - The immediate observed effect is a kernel oops — NULL/garbage `ep->ops` dereference in `usb_ep_free_request()` or slab corruption from the double free — panicking the system." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_rndis.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986", "lessThan": "ef81226bb1f8b6e761cd0b53d2696e9c1bc955d1", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986", "lessThan": "5f65c8ad8c7292ed7e3716343fcd590a51818cc3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986", "lessThan": "380353c3a92be7d928e6f973bd065c5b79755ac3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986", "lessThan": "a8366263b7e5b663d7fb489d3a9ba1e2600049a6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "45fe3b8e5342cd1ce307099459c74011d8e01986", "lessThan": "08228941436047bdcd35a612c1aec0912a29d8cd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_rndis.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "2.6.27", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.27", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.158", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.114", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.55", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17.5", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.158" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.114" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.55" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.5" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.27", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ef81226bb1f8b6e761cd0b53d2696e9c1bc955d1" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5f65c8ad8c7292ed7e3716343fcd590a51818cc3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/380353c3a92be7d928e6f973bd065c5b79755ac3" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8366263b7e5b663d7fb489d3a9ba1e2600049a6" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08228941436047bdcd35a612c1aec0912a29d8cd" } ], "title": "usb: gadget: f_rndis: Refactor bind path to use __free()", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } } } }