{ "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": { "cveId": "CVE-2025-40261", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.182Z", "datePublished": "2025-12-04T16:08:21.345Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:59.159Z" }, "containers": { "cna": { "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:08:59.159Z" }, "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnvme: nvme-fc: Ensure ->ioerr_work is cancelled in nvme_fc_delete_ctrl()\n\nnvme_fc_delete_assocation() waits for pending I/O to complete before\nreturning, and an error can cause ->ioerr_work to be queued after\ncancel_work_sync() had been called. Move the call to cancel_work_sync() to\nbe after nvme_fc_delete_association() to ensure ->ioerr_work is not running\nwhen the nvme_fc_ctrl object is freed. Otherwise the following can occur:\n\n[ 1135.911754] list_del corruption, ff2d24c8093f31f8->next is NULL\n[ 1135.917705] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n[ 1135.922336] kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:52!\n[ 1135.926784] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n[ 1135.931851] CPU: 48 UID: 0 PID: 726 Comm: kworker/u449:23 Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.12.0 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n[ 1135.943490] Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R660/0HGTK9, BIOS 2.5.4 01/16/2025\n[ 1135.950969] Workqueue: 0x0 (nvme-wq)\n[ 1135.954673] RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report.cold+0xf/0x6f\n[ 1135.961041] Code: c7 c7 98 68 72 94 e8 26 45 fe ff 0f 0b 48 c7 c7 70 68 72 94 e8 18 45 fe ff 0f 0b 48 89 fe 48 c7 c7 80 69 72 94 e8 07 45 fe ff <0f> 0b 48 89 d1 48 c7 c7 a0 6a 72 94 48 89 c2 e8 f3 44 fe ff 0f 0b\n[ 1135.979788] RSP: 0018:ff579b19482d3e50 EFLAGS: 00010046\n[ 1135.985015] RAX: 0000000000000033 RBX: ff2d24c8093f31f0 RCX: 0000000000000000\n[ 1135.992148] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ff2d24d6bfa1d0c0 RDI: ff2d24d6bfa1d0c0\n[ 1135.999278] RBP: ff2d24c8093f31f8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff951e2b08\n[ 1136.006413] R10: ffffffff95122ac8 R11: 0000000000000003 R12: ff2d24c78697c100\n[ 1136.013546] R13: fffffffffffffff8 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ff2d24c78697c0c0\n[ 1136.020677] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ff2d24d6bfa00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[ 1136.028765] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[ 1136.034510] CR2: 00007fd207f90b80 CR3: 000000163ea22003 CR4: 0000000000f73ef0\n[ 1136.041641] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\n[ 1136.048776] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400\n[ 1136.055910] PKRU: 55555554\n[ 1136.058623] Call Trace:\n[ 1136.061074] \n[ 1136.063179] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1b0/0x2f0\n[ 1136.067540] ? show_trace_log_lvl+0x1b0/0x2f0\n[ 1136.071898] ? move_linked_works+0x4a/0xa0\n[ 1136.075998] ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report.cold+0xf/0x6f\n[ 1136.081744] ? __die_body.cold+0x8/0x12\n[ 1136.085584] ? die+0x2e/0x50\n[ 1136.088469] ? do_trap+0xca/0x110\n[ 1136.091789] ? do_error_trap+0x65/0x80\n[ 1136.095543] ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report.cold+0xf/0x6f\n[ 1136.101289] ? exc_invalid_op+0x50/0x70\n[ 1136.105127] ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report.cold+0xf/0x6f\n[ 1136.110874] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20\n[ 1136.115059] ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report.cold+0xf/0x6f\n[ 1136.120806] move_linked_works+0x4a/0xa0\n[ 1136.124733] worker_thread+0x216/0x3a0\n[ 1136.128485] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1136.132758] kthread+0xfa/0x240\n[ 1136.135904] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1136.139657] ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50\n[ 1136.143236] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[ 1136.146988] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n[ 1136.150915] " } ], "metrics": [ { "cvssV3_1": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL" }, "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "AV:N - The race is driven by data and events from the remote NVMe-oF/FC peer — `nvme_fc_fcpio_done()` queues `->ioerr_work` on any transport-detected I/O error (aborted exchange, bad ERSP IU, bad transfer length), and controller teardown itself is remotely inducible via remote-port loss/LOGO leading to `nvme_fc_unregister_remoteport()` or `dev_loss_tmo` expiry in `nvme_fc_reconnect_or_delete()` calling `nvme_delete_ctrl()`. A malicious or compromised NVMe/FC target (or a peer able to inject frames on the fabric, which may be extended over routed links via FCIP/FCoE) needs no host access to drive both halves.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it supplies the erroring I/O completions and triggers the association teardown, and during `nvme_fc_delete_association()` every aborted I/O unconditionally re-queues `ioerr_work` (state is DELETING, not RESETTING, so the `check_error` guard passes) after `cancel_work_sync()` has already run, so the work is reliably resurrected whenever I/O is outstanding at delete time.\nPR:N - A remote FC/NVMe-oF peer needs no credentials or privileges on the victim host; the vulnerable path is reached purely through normal transport error completions and fabric port-loss events on an already-established association.\nUI:N - No victim action is required — connectivity loss and `dev_loss_tmo` expiry delete the controller automatically while in-flight I/O is aborted, with no administrator involvement.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory and workqueue state within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed `nvme_fc_ctrl` is read after `kfree()` — the workqueue dereferences the embedded `work_struct` (`work->func`, `work->entry`) and `nvme_fc_ctrl_ioerr_work()`/`nvme_fc_error_recovery()` read `ctrl->ctrl` state from freed memory, a use-after-free that with slab reuse yields an information-disclosure primitive.\nI:H - The workqueue performs `list_del_init(&work->entry)` and `move_linked_works()` list manipulation writing into the freed object, and `process_one_work()` loads and calls `work->func` from it; reclaiming the slab with sprayed data gives an attacker-controlled indirect call and arbitrary-write primitive.\nA:H - The reported failure is an immediate kernel BUG/oops (`list_del corruption ... kernel BUG at lib/list_debug.c:52` in `move_linked_works()` from a `nvme-wq` worker), i.e. a system panic and loss of the storage path." } ] } ], "affected": [ { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/nvme/host/fc.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "f1cd8c40936ff2b560e1f35159dd6a4602b558e5", "lessThan": "3f48cd7f35da07fc067cef926bb7f6f4735de37b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "a9b1315ed428239612601e9e188329e7cefa32fd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "9610a2c162ef729a3988213a4604376e492f6f44", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "33f64600a12055219bda38b55320c62cdeda9167", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "48ae433c6cc6985f647b1b37d8bb002972cf9bdb", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "fbd5741a556eaaa63d0908132ca79d335b58b1cd", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "19fce0470f05031e6af36e49ce222d0f0050d432", "lessThan": "0a2c5495b6d1ecb0fa18ef6631450f391a888256", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git" }, { "version": "5.10.9", "lessThan": "5.10.253", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver" } ] }, { "product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": [ "drivers/nvme/host/fc.c" ], "versions": [ { "version": "5.11", "status": "affected" }, { "version": "0", "lessThan": "5.11", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.10.253", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "5.15.209", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.1.167", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.6.118", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.12.60", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.17.10", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver" }, { "version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix" } ] } ], "cpeApplicability": [ { "nodes": [ { "operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [ { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.10.9", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.253" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.118" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.60" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.10" }, { "vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.11", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18" } ] } ] } ], "references": [ { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3f48cd7f35da07fc067cef926bb7f6f4735de37b" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9b1315ed428239612601e9e188329e7cefa32fd" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9610a2c162ef729a3988213a4604376e492f6f44" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f64600a12055219bda38b55320c62cdeda9167" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48ae433c6cc6985f647b1b37d8bb002972cf9bdb" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbd5741a556eaaa63d0908132ca79d335b58b1cd" }, { "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a2c5495b6d1ecb0fa18ef6631450f391a888256" } ], "title": "nvme: nvme-fc: Ensure ->ioerr_work is cancelled in nvme_fc_delete_ctrl()", "x_generator": { "engine": "bippy-1.2.0" } }, "adp": [ { "x_adpType": "supplier", "providerMetadata": { "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e", "shortName": "siemens-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T12:43:26.877Z" }, "affected": [ { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "RUGGEDCOM RST2428P", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "V4.0", "versionType": "custom" } ], "defaultStatus": "unknown" }, { "vendor": "Siemens", "product": "SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 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