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    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-44005",
        "assignerOrgId": "b86d76f8-0f8a-4a96-a78d-d8abfc7fc29b",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "talos",
        "dateReserved": "2025-07-28T19:00:54.642Z",
        "datePublished": "2025-12-17T15:16:16.495Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T18:00:09.151Z"
    },
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                {
                    "vendor": "smallstep",
                    "product": "Step-CA",
                    "versions": [
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                            "version": "0.28.4",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "v0.28.3",
                            "status": "affected"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks."
                }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
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                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
                            "type": "CWE",
                            "cweId": "CWE-287"
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                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
                        "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                        "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                        "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                        "userInteraction": "NONE",
                        "scope": "CHANGED",
                        "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                        "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                        "baseScore": 10,
                        "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"
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            ],
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                "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T18:00:09.151Z"
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2242",
                    "name": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2242"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/security/advisories/GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p",
                    "name": "https://github.com/smallstep/certificates/security/advisories/GHSA-h8cp-697h-8c8p"
                }
            ],
            "credits": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "Stephen Kubik of the Cisco Advanced Security Initiatives Group (ASIG)"
                }
            ]
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "timestamp": "2025-12-17T15:37:57.395652Z",
                                "id": "CVE-2025-44005",
                                "options": [
                                    {
                                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Automatable": "yes"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                                "version": "2.0.3"
                            }
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                ],
                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
                    "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
                    "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T15:40:26.757Z"
                }
            },
            {
                "title": "CVE Program Container",
                "references": [
                    {
                        "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2242"
                    }
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                    "dateUpdated": "2025-12-17T17:06:18.202Z"
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}