{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-18439",
        "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
        "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T20:23:23.648Z",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-22T07:41:12.011Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T18:46:53.858Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
                "shortName": "Wordfence",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T07:41:12.011Z"
            },
            "affected": [
                {
                    "vendor": "themeum",
                    "product": "Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution",
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "0",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "4.0.7",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        }
                    ],
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
                }
            ],
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload['ID'], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb->update/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows."
                }
            ],
            "title": "Tutor LMS <= 4.0.7 - Authenticated (Custom+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Quiz Question/Answer Modification and Deletion via 'payload' Parameter",
            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6d07c82d-262a-4ac1-9ee5-7ef4d025f66f?source=cve"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3690454/tutor/tags/4.0.8/classes/QuizBuilder.php"
                }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
                {
                    "descriptions": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
                            "cweId": "CWE-639",
                            "type": "CWE"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV3_1": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
                        "baseScore": 4.3,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "credits": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "finder",
                    "value": "Nakul Chodha"
                }
            ],
            "timeline": [
                {
                    "time": "2026-07-30T20:38:30.000Z",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "Vendor Notified"
                },
                {
                    "time": "2026-09-21T18:52:22.000Z",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "Disclosed"
                }
            ]
        },
        "adp": [
            {
                "metrics": [
                    {
                        "other": {
                            "type": "ssvc",
                            "content": {
                                "id": "CVE-2026-18439",
                                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                                "options": [
                                    {
                                        "Exploitation": "none"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Automatable": "no"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                                    }
                                ],
                                "version": "2.0.3",
                                "timestamp": "2026-09-23T18:37:32.518219Z"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
                "providerMetadata": {
                    "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
                    "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
                    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T18:46:53.858Z"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}