{
    "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
    "dataVersion": "5.2",
    "cveMetadata": {
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-45951",
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "state": "PUBLISHED",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.088Z",
        "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:18:07.255Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:28:53.157Z"
    },
    "containers": {
        "cna": {
            "providerMetadata": {
                "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
                "shortName": "Linux",
                "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:28:53.157Z"
            },
            "descriptions": [
                {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object\n\nRefcounting in the check_pseudo_btf_id() function is incorrect:\nthe __check_pseudo_btf_id() function might get called with a zero\nrefcounted btf. Fix this, and patch related code accordingly.\n\nv3: rephrase a comment (AI)\nv2: fix a refcount leak introduced in v1 (AI)"
                }
            ],
            "metrics": [
                {
                    "cvssV3_1": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 7.8,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "scenarios": [
                        {
                            "lang": "en",
                            "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached only through the local bpf() syscall (BPF_PROG_LOAD verifying a BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID ldimm64 instruction); there is no network, adjacent, or physical input path.\nAC:L - Triggering the UAF requires racing a concurrent close of the BTF fd against the verifier, but the attacker controls both sides (loading thread and closing thread) and can retry/heap-spray indefinitely, so per kernel guidance an attacker-created race is Low.\nPR:L - Obtaining a BTF fd (BPF_BTF_LOAD) and loading the program both require CAP_BPF, which can be delegated to a non-init user namespace via BPF token/bpffs in reasonable container deployments, making this reachable to a non-host-root local user.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the entire attack themselves by issuing bpf() syscalls and closing the fd; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The use-after-free and its consequences are confined to the kernel's own memory and security authority; no boundary such as VM or IOMMU is crossed.\nC:H - The freed BTF object is dereferenced (type/name/kallsyms lookups) and can be reallocated with attacker-controlled data, giving a kernel-memory read primitive characteristic of a use-after-free.\nI:H - The UAF causes a refcount increment on freed memory and stores a dangling btf pointer into env->used_btfs[] that is used later, enabling heap grooming and type confusion that can be leveraged into a write/control-flow primitive.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed BTF object reliably crashes the kernel (oops/panic), so availability impact is High."
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "affected": [
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
                    ],
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                            "version": "76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f",
                            "lessThan": "eac65c272f3b49021a843cba5107d63627395e0e",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f",
                            "lessThan": "9ff46ffeecdb1802d6e26183177935b948a12e7f",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "76145f7255326761dafb76721a785799d8a00d5f",
                            "lessThan": "ccd2d799ed4467c07f5ee18c2f5c59bcc990822c",
                            "status": "affected",
                            "versionType": "git"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "product": "Linux",
                    "vendor": "Linux",
                    "defaultStatus": "affected",
                    "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                    "programFiles": [
                        "kernel/bpf/verifier.c"
                    ],
                    "versions": [
                        {
                            "version": "6.14",
                            "status": "affected"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "0",
                            "lessThan": "6.14",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.18.14",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "6.19.4",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "semver"
                        },
                        {
                            "version": "7.0",
                            "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                            "status": "unaffected",
                            "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "cpeApplicability": [
                {
                    "nodes": [
                        {
                            "operator": "OR",
                            "negate": false,
                            "cpeMatch": [
                                {
                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.14",
                                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.14"
                                },
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                                    "vulnerable": true,
                                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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            "references": [
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eac65c272f3b49021a843cba5107d63627395e0e"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ff46ffeecdb1802d6e26183177935b948a12e7f"
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                {
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccd2d799ed4467c07f5ee18c2f5c59bcc990822c"
                }
            ],
            "title": "bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object",
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}