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CUBRC Inc., see full license.
This ontology is designed to represent generic types of information as well as the relationships between information and other entities.
Information Entity Ontology
Version 2.0
is subject of
x is_subject_of y iff x is an instance of Entity and y is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is_about x.
is about
x is_about y is a primitive relationship between an instance of Information Content Entity x and an instance of Entity y.
is an ordinal measurement of
x is_an_ordinal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity and y is_measured_by_ordinal x.
is excerpted from
An Information Bearing Entity b1 is excerpted from another Information Bearing Entity B2 iff b1 is part of some Information Bearing Entity B1 that is carrier of some Information Content Entity C1, B2 is carrier of some Information Content Entity C2, C1 is not identical with C2, b1 is carrier of some Information Content Entity c1, b2 is an Information Bearing Entity that is part of B2 and b2 is carrier of c1 (i.e. the same Information Content Entity as borne by b1).
time zone identifier used by
x time_zone_identifier_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that x designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in y.
uses measurement unit
y uses_measurement_unit x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
is a nominal measurement of
x is_a_nominal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
represented by
y represented_by x iff x is an instance of Representational Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y.
is an interval measurement of
x is_an_interval_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity and y is_measured_by_interval x.
a measurement of air temperature on the Celsius scale.
is mention of
x is_mention_of y iff x is an instance Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x is used as a reference to y.
designated by
x designated_by y iff y is an instance of Designative Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity and y designates x.
condition described by
x condition_described_by y iff y is an instance of Performance Specification and x is an instance of Entity and y describes_condition x.
language used in
x language_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Language, such that the literal value of y is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of x.
is geospatial coordinate reference system of
x is_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is measured by
y is_measured_by x iff x is an instance of Measurement Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity and y is_a_measurement_of x.
uses time zone identifier
x uses_time_zone_identifier y iff x is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that y designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in x.
uses reference system
y uses_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
uses geospatial coordinate reference system
y uses_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is measured by nominal
x is_measured_by_nominal y iff y is an instance of Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y classifies x relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
designates
x designates y iff x is an instance of a Designative Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of an Entity, such that given some context, x uniquely distinguishes y from other entities.
a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet
a vehicle identification number designates some vehicle
Given a stronger temporal interpretation, this property may be functional. For more info please refer to https://github.com/BFO-ontology/BFO-2020/tree/master/src/owl/temporal%20extensions.
described by
x described_by y iff y is an instance of Descriptive Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity and y describes x.
is mentioned by
x is_mentioned_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y is used as a reference to x.
prescribed by
x prescribed_by y iff y is an instance of Directive Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity and y prescribes x.
Isomorphism between the carrier of x and the represented entity can be via a direct similarity relation, e.g., grooves in a vinyl record corresponding to sound waves, or linguistic convention, e.g., a court stenographer's transcription of spoken words, as well as others, such as encoding processes for images.
represents
x represents y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, y is an instance of Entity, and z is carrier of x, such that x is about y in virtue of there existing an isomorphism between characteristics of z and y.
The relationship that is being defined here is that between the content of a photographic image and its object, between the content of a video and its objects and events, between the content of an audio recording and the sounds or events generating those sounds, or between the content of a written transcript and the verbal event that it transcribes.
prescribes
x prescribes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x serves as a rule or guide for y if y an Occurrent, or x serves as a model for y if y is a Continuant.
A blueprint prescribes some artifact or facility by being a model for it.
A professional code of conduct prescribes some realizations of a profession (role) by giving rules for how the bearer should act in those realizations.
An operations plan prescribes an operation by enumerating the tasks that need to be performed in order to achieve the objectives of the operation.
is measurement unit of
x is_measurement_unit_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
is measured by ordinal
x is_measured_by_ordinal y iff y is an instance of Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y describes some attribute of x relative to a scale ordered by rank.
is measured by interval
y is_measured_by_interval x iff x is an instance of Interval Measurement Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured.
is measured by ratio
y is_measured_by_ratio x iff x is an instance of Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
This object property, as well as all of its children are typified as functional properties. This means that for instances x, y, and z if x is a measurement of y and x is a measurement of z, then y = z.
is a measurement of
x is_a_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme.
uses language
x uses_language y iff x is an instance of an Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of a Language such that the literal value of x is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of y.
describes condition
p describes_condition c iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification and c is an instance of Entity and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p.
It is possible that this relation should be a functional property, that is for all x, y, z if x describes y and x describes z then y = z. For example, if a financial report x describes the quarterly results of a company y and that same financial report describes the quarterly results of a company z, then it should be inferred that companies y and z are the same. We refrained from classifying the relation as a functional property on the concern that descriptions are multifaceted and so consequently it may be that the same report would contain descriptions of multiple entities.
describes
x describes y iff x is an instance of Descriptive Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, such that x is_about the characteristics that identify y.
the content of a newspaper article describes some current event
the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit
the content of an accident report describes some accident
is a ratio measurement of
x is_a_ratio_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity and x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
is reference system of
x is_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
has text value
A data property that has as its range a string value.
has datetime value
A data property that has as its value a datetime value.
has URI value
A data property that has as its range a URI value.
has decimal value
A data property that has as its range a decimal value.
has double value
A data property that has as its range a double value.
has date value
A data property that has as its range a date value.
has boolean value
A data property that has as its range a boolean value.
has integer value
A data property that has as its range an integer value.
Designative Name
Name
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified cultural or social namespace and which is typically a word or phrase in a natural language that has an accepted cultural or social significance.
Median Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Median
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to either the middle value or the average of the two values which separate the set into two equally populated upper and lower sets.
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time is mean solar time as calculated from midnight as the beginning of the Civil Day.
Note that Civil Time Reference System is more accurately represented as a Temporal Reference System that participates in an act of usage that is sanctioned by an appropriate civil authority. As such, it should be represented as a defined class.
Civil Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is a statutory time scale as designated by civilian authorities to determine local time(s).
Temporal Interval Identifier
One-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Interval.
Code Identifier
Code ID
ID Code
Identifier Code
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that was created and assigned according to an encoding system such that metadata can be derived from the identifier.
Standard Time of Day Identifier
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using the Hours, Minutes, and Seconds of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
An Ordinal Date Identifier may or may not also contain a number indicating a specific Year. If both numbers are included, the ISO 8601 ordinal date format stipulates that the two numbers be formatted as YYYY-DDD or YYYYDDD where [YYYY] indicates a year and [DDD] is the day of that year, from 001 through 365 (or 366 in leap years).
Ordinal Date Identifier
Ordinal Date
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the beginning of the Year.
Measurement Unit
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
Solar Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
Performance Specification
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some aspect of the behavior of a participant in a Process given one or more operating conditions.
Maximum Speed at high altitude; Rate of Ascent at 10 degrees celsius with nominal payload.
Artificial Language
A Language that is developed through conscious planning and premeditation, rather than one that was developed through use and repetition.
While there is always at least one Mode for every set of data, it is possible for any given set of data to have multiple Modes. The Mode is typically most useful when the members of the set are all Nominal Measurement Information Content Entities.
Mode Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Mode
Statistical Mode
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the value or values that occur most often in the set.
Minimum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the smallest or having the least amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Artifact Version Ordinality
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the form of an Artifact which differs in some respects from previous or future forms of that Artifact.
Event Status Nominal Information Content Entity
A Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the current state of a process.
proposed, approved, planned, in progress, completed, failed, or successful
This class continues to use the word ‘bearing’ in its rdfslabel because of potential confusion with the acronym ‘ICE’, which is widely used for information content entity.
Information Bearing Entity
IBE
Information Carrying Entity
An Object upon which an Information Content Entity generically depends.
A single Clock Time System does not provide a complete means for identifying or measuring times. Depending on the particular Clock Time System, it may be compatible for use with one or more other Temporal Reference Systems.
Clock Time System
A Temporal Reference System that is a convention for keeping and displaying the Time of Day.
Note that, while reference systems and reference frames are treated as synonyms here, some people treat them as related but separate entities. See: http://www.ggos-portal.org/lang_en/GGOS-Portal/EN/Topics/GeodeticApplications/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames.html
Spatial Reference System
Coordinate System
Spatial Coordinate System
Spatial Reference Frame
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for uniquely identifying the position of an entity or the direction of a vector within a defined spatial region by means of measurements along one or more Coordinate System Axes.
Solar Calendar System
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of an Astronomical Body's Orbit around the Sun.
Unless otherwise specified, a Solar Calendar System is assumed to be relative to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that classifies Entities according to some shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristic.
The sentence "January 20, 1985 was a cold day in Chicago, IL" is the carrier of a nominal measurement.
a measurement that classifies automobiles as sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, or convertibles
a measurement that classifies military intelligence as strategic, operational, or tactical
a measurement that classifies rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
Typically, an IQE will be a complex pattern made up of multiple qualities joined together spatially.
Information Quality Entity
IQE
A Quality that concretizes some Information Content Entity.
Priority Measurement Information Content Entity
Criticality Measurement
Importance Measurement
Priority Measurement
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the relative importance of an entity.
low, normal, high, urgent, or immediate priority
Spatial Region Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Spatial Region.
Reference System
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a set of standards for organizing and understanding data of the specified type or domain.
Temporal Region Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Temporal Region.
Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate
A Measurement Unit specifying the geospatial coordinates of a location.
Part Number
A Code Identifier that designates a type of part whose instances are designed to be part of some Artifact.
Geospatial Coordinate Reference System
Geographic Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that is used to determine and identify the location of a point or object at or near the surface of the Earth.
Natural Language
A Language that is developed and evolves through use and repetition, rather than through conscious planning or premeditation.
Date Identifier
Day Identifier
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Day.
Count Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the number of members of some aggregate.
Temporal Instant Identifier
Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Temporal Instant.
Julian Date Fraction
Julian Date Time Identifier
Julian Day Fraction
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Julian Day.
'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity' and 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity' are complementary notions. Deviation is a measure of whether reality conforms to an ICE (e.g., a plan or prediction), whereas Veracity is a measure of whether a Descriptive ICE conforms to reality.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information ('Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity
Accuracy of Information
Trueness Measurement
Veracity Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which a description conforms to the reality it describes.
Maximum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the largest or having the greatest amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Abbreviated Name
A Designative Name that is a shortened form of a Proper Name.
Since predictions are inherently about not-yet-existant things, the Modal Relation Ontology term 'describes' (i.e. mro:describes) should be used (instead of the standard cco:describes) to relate instances of Predictive Information Content Entity to the entities they are about.
Predictive Information Content Entity
Prediction
Prediction Information Content Entity
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes an uncertain future event.
Universal Time Reference System
A Solar Time Reference System that is based on the average speed of the Earth's rotation and which uses the prime meridian at 0° longitude as a reference point.
Non-Name Identifier
Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified namespace or context, is not a Designative Name, may be automatically or randomly generated, and typically has no preexisting cultural or social significance.
Algorithm
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Process and contains a finite sequence of unambiguous instructions in order to achieve some Objective.
Distance Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a One-Dimensional Extent inhering in some Site that is externally connected to two Independent Continuants.
Displacement (vector) is the shortest possible distance (scalar) between two points. Further thought is needed to adequately handle measurements of distance traveled along a path, e.g., a circuitous path or an arc (such as the surface of a planet), versus the simple case of a direct, straight line between two points.
Distance is a measure between two reference points, which are located on or in, or in some manner part of, the two obejcts for which the length of the extent between is sought. For exmple, the center point of the indentation of a ball in the sand and the edge of the foul line, the forwardmost point on a car's bumper and the closest point on the 2-dimensional plane that serves as the fiat boundary of a crosswalk, the center of an antenna array and closest point on ground.
Diminutive Name
An Abbreviated Name that is a familiar form of a Proper Name.
"Familiar form of a Proper Name" means: that the name is (originally) a short, affectionate version of the fuller name, used (originally) by family or friends.
Designative Information Content Entity
Designative ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that designate some Entity.
Every probability measurement is made within a particular context given certain background assumptions.
Probability Measurement Information Content Entity
Likelihood Measurement
Probability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the likelihood that a Process or Process Aggregate occurs.
Spherical Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System for three-dimensional spatial regions that identifies each point using an ordered triple of numerical coordinates that consist of the radial distance of the point of interest from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection measured from a fixed direction on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations ('Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity
Conformance Measurement
Degree of Conformance
Degree of Deviation
Deviation Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity conforms to how it is expected or supposed to be.
a missile impact deviates from its target location by 100 feet
a satellite deviaties from its predicted orbital path by 5 kilometers
an overweight piece of luggage deviates from an airline's maximum allowed weight by +10 pounds
In order for a Deviation to exist, an entity must first be expected, represented, prescribed, or predicted as being a certain way. Then, at a future time, this value can be compared to its actual, reported, or measured value to determine the Deviation between these values.
Geospatial Region Bounding Box Identifier List
A Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate that is comprised of 4 pairs of coordinates, one for each of the 4 defining points (North, West, South, East) of a Geospatial Region Bounding Box.
Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Best Estimate
Point Estimate
Point Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of a single value for the measured entity.
Julian Day Number
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Julian Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the Julian Date epoch.
Time of Day Identifier
A Temporal Instant Identifier that designates some Time of Day.
Standards of date, time, and time zone data formats: ISO/WD 8601-2 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/iso-tc154-wg5_n0039_iso_wd_8601-2_2016-02-16.pdf) W3C (https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)
There is no class 'Time Zone' (the region), only 'Time Zone Identifier' (the designator for some region). Instances of 'Time Zone Identifier' should be related to instances of 'Information Bearing Entity' by means of the object properites 'uses time zone identifier' and 'time zone identifier used by' as appropriate. This is supposed to be analogous to the way we represent the relationship between measurement values and measurement units, where the relevant instance of Information Bearing Entity 'uses measurement unit' some instance of Measurement Unit (i.e., an instance of Information Content Entity).
Time Zone Identifier
A Spatial Region Identifier that designates the region associated with some uniform standard time for legal, commercial, or social purposes.
Julian Date Identifier
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates a Julian Date and is composed of both a Julian Day Number and a Julian Date Fraction.
A percentage is one way to express a proportional measure where the decimal expression of the proportion is multiplied by 100, thus giving the proportional value with respect to a whole of 100. E.g., the ratio of pigs to cows on a farm is 44 to 79 (44:79 or 44/79). The proportion of pigs to total animals is 44 to 123 or 44/123. The percentage of pigs is the decimal equivalent of the proportion (0.36) multiplied by a 100 (36%). The percentage can be expressed as a proportion where the numerator value is transformed for a denominator of 100, i.e., 36 of a 100 animals are pigs (36/100).
We may want to add either a subclass for Percentage or a data property (has percentage value) that links the percentage expression for a proportion to the relevant IBE.
Proportional Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a portion of a whole (described by the numerator) compared against that whole (described by the denominator) where the whole is a nominally described set of like entities.
Descriptive Information Content Entity
Descriptive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity.
Calendar System
A Temporal Reference System that is designed to organize and identify dates.
Calendars typically organize dates through the use of naming and temporal conventions based on Days, Weeks, Months, and Years.
Decimal Date Identifier
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since a specified Reference Time.
Mean Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Arithmetic Mean
Average
Mean
A Point Estimate Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the sum of all the values in the set divided by the total number of values in the set.
Acronym
An Abbreviated Name that combines the initial letters of a Designative Name and which is pronounced as a word.
Lunar Calendar System
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of the Moon's phases.
Arbitrary Identifier
Arbitrary ID
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that does not follow an encoding system.
Information Content Entity
ICE
A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity.
Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers.
Prescriptive Information Content Entity
Directive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or images (as in the case of a blueprint) that prescribe some Entity.
Decimal Time of Day Identifier
Fractional Time of Day Identifier
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using a decimal value for the portion of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
Nickname
A Designative Name that is a familiar or humorous substitute for an entity's Proper Name.
Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places an Entity into some rank order.
The sentence "The coldest day in history in Chicago, IL. is January 20, 1985." is the carrier of an ordinal measurment.
a measurement that places Geospatial Regions into a rank order of small, medium, large
a measurement that places military units onto a readiness rank order of red, yellow, green
Proper Name
A Designative Name that is an official name for a particular entity.
Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places a Quality of an Entity onto an interval scale having a true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached 240.372 degrees Kelvin on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of a ratio measurement as 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale does describe absolute zero.
a measurement of the barometric pressure at 1,000 feet above sea level
a measurement of the measure of air temperature on the Kelvin scale
a measurement of the number of members in an Organization
Sequence Position Ordinality
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the position of some entity in some ordered sequence.
Representational Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that represents some Entity.
the content of a court transcript represents a courtroom proceeding
the content of a photograph of the Statue of Liberty represents the Statue of Liberty
the content of a video of a sporting event represents that sporting event
Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
Interval Estimate
Interval Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of an interval of possible (or probable) values for the measured entity.
Sidereal Time is the angle measured from an observer's meridian along the celestial equator to the Great Circle that passes through the March equinox and both poles. This angle is usually expressed in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds.
Sidereal Time Reference System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to one or more fixed Stars (rather than the Sun).
Data Range Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the absolute difference between the largest value and the smallest value in the set.
Measurement Information Content Entity
Measurement ICE
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes the extent, dimensions, quantity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard.
Language
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a canonical format for communication.
Estimate Information Content Entity
Estimate
Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
Estimated Value
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of an entity based on partial information about that entity or an appropriately similar entity.
Priority Scale
A Reference System that is designed to be used to rank or identify the importance of entities of the specified type.
Military Time Zone Identifier
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Zulu time, which has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time.
Initialism
An Abbreviated Name that consists of the initial letters of some words (or syllables) in a Designative Name, and in which each letter is pronounced separately.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance ('Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity
Accuracy of Process
Reliability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity can consistently produce an outcome.
Reliability concerns both a measure of past performance and the expectation that future performance will conform to the range of past performances.
Lot Number
A Code Identifier that designates a particular quantity or lot of material from a single manufacturer.
Temporal Reference System
Temporal Reference Frame
Time Scale
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for measuring time as well as understanding the context of and organizing temporal data.
Legal Name
A Proper Name that is an official name for the designated entity as determined by a Government or court of law.
Calendar Date Identifier
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a combination of Day, Week, Month, or Year Identifiers formatted according to an implementation of a Calendar System.
Cartesian Coordinate System
Rectangular Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that identifies each point in a spatial region of n-dimensions using an ordered n-tuple of numerical coordinates that are the signed (i.e. positive or negative) distances measured in the same unit of length from the zero point where the fixed perpendicular Coordinate System Axes meet.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London and has been superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Greenwich Mean Time Zone Identifier
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
Interval Measurement Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that places a Quality of an Entity onto some interval scale having no true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached -27 degrees Fahrenheit on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of an interval measurement as 0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale does not describe absolute zero.
By 'canonical', it is intended that the media format is of a commonly recognized format, such as mass media formats such as books, magazines, and journals, as well as digital media forms (e.g. ebooks), to include, too, file types, such as those recognized by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)'s Media Types standard [RFC2046].
An information content entity presented in a canonical media format.
Certificate
A Media Content Entity that attests to certain demonstrated characteristics of an Object, Person, or Organization.
Academic Degree
A Certificate issued by an Educational Organization to a Person to indicate that the Person has satisfactorily completed a course of study, or as an honorary recognition of the Person's achievement.
Image
A Media Content Entity represents some entity owing to a visual isomorphism between the carrying artifact and the entity.
Chart
An Image that is prescribed by some canonical visual format.
Adapted from “Chart.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chart. Accessed 4 Aug. 2024.
Database
A Media Content Entity that is designed to be rapidly searchable and retrievable.
List
A Media Content Entity whose parts are the subject of some Sequence Position Ordinality.
Code List
A List whose parts are Code Identifiers.
Video
A Media Content Entity that contains a sequence of representations that are presented sufficiently rapidly to create the appearance of motion and continuity.
Message
A Media Content Entity that is relatively brief and designed to be transmitted from a sender to a recipient.
Warning Message
A Message that describes a possible or impending threat.
Email Message
A Message that is transmitted to the recipient's Email Box.
Notification Message
A Message that describes a scenario that has been determined to merit attention by the recipient.
For information on types of barcodes, see: https://www.scandit.com/types-barcodes-choosing-right-barcode/
Barcode
A Media Content Entity that represents one or more geometric shapes that have, as part, some Directive Information Content Entity.
Two-Dimensional Barcode
A Barcode that represents lines of varying widths, spacing, height, and color that has, as part, some Directive Information Content Entity.
Aztec Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used by the transportation industry to scan tickets.
Data Matrix Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that represents cells arranged in rectangular patterns and is used for marking small items in logistics and operations.
QR Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that represents numeric, alphanumeric, binary, or kanji information and is used primarily for tracking and marketing.
PDF417 Code
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used in applications that require the storage of huge amounts of data.
One-Dimensional Barcode
A Barcode that represents parallel lines of varying widths and spacing that concretize some Directive Information Content Entity.
Codabar Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents numbers 0-9 and the characters -$:/.+ and is intended for use by logistics and healthcare professionals.
Code 93 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents 93 ASCII characters and is used in logistics to identify packages in retail inventory, lable electornic components, and provide supplementary delivery information.
ITF Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents an even number of numerical characters and is used primarily in packaging and distribution.
MSI Plessey Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents an indefinite number of numerical characters and is used for inventory control and marking storage containers and shelves in warehouse environments.
EAN Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents 8 or 13 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
ISSN Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is designed to designate a periodical.
JAN-13 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is designed to designate 13 numerical digits and is used primarily in Japan to designate products at the point of sale.
EAN-13 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that represents 13 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
EAN-8 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that represents 8 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
ISBN Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is designed to designate a book.
Further variants of GS1 DataBar have not been defined here.
GS1 DataBar Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents 12-14 numerical digits and is used in retail and healthcare.
Code 39 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents 39 characters that are numbers 0-9, capital letters A-Z, or the symbols -.$/+% and space and is used primarily in automotive and defense industries.
Code 128 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents to 128 ASCII characters and is used primarily in supply chains.
UPC Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that represents 6 or 12 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
UPC-A Barcode
A UPC Barcode that represents 12 numerical digits.
UPC-E Barcode
A UPC Barcode that represents 6 numerical digits.
Information Line
A Media Content entity consisting of a single line or row in some Document Content entity of which it is a part.
a line in a computer file that bears a portion of code for some computer program
Document Field Content
Document Field
A Media Content Entity that is a part of some document content entity, and which prescribes the eliciation of information to be written or selected within the document content entity.
Document Content Entity
Document
A Media Content Entity that consists of a series of paragraphs of text or diagrams that are intended to be carried by physical pieces of paper or an electronic word processor file.
Book
A Document Content Entity that canonically appears as ink on paper or parchment, or other materials fastened together to hinge at one side.
Transcript
A Document Content Entity that was originally recorded in a different medium.
Spreadsheet
A Document Content Entity that canonically appears as a interactive, tabular form.
Report
A Document Content entity that conveys an account of some event, situation, or the result of some observation or inquiry.
Form Document
A Document Content Entity that has Document Field Contents as parts.
Journal Article
A Document Content Entity that is part of a Journal Issue.
GMT-8
PST
Pacific Standard Time
Newfoundland Standard Time
Global Area Reference System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+2
Bravo Time Zone
GMT-2
BET
Brazil Eastern Time
Australian Central Standard Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-11
X-ray Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
TT is an astronomical time standard that is a theoretical ideal designed to be free of the irregularities in Earth's rotation and is primarily used for time measurements of astronomical observations made from the surface of Earth. It was formerly called Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT), which was formulated to replace Ephemeris Time (ET).
Terrestrial Time
ET is an astronomical time scale that was adopted as a standard in 1952 by the IAU but has since been superseded and is no longer actively used. ET is based on the ephemeris second, which was defined as a fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 01 as calculated using Newcomb's 1895 tables of the Sun. ET was designed to avoid problems caused by variations in Earth's rotational period and was used for Solar System ephemeris calculations until being replaced by Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1979.
Ephemeris Time
GMT+5
PLT
Pakistan Lahore Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-6
Sierra Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+1
Alpha Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+6
Foxtrot Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-10
Whiskey Time Zone
GMT+1
ECT
European Central Time
Universal Time 1 D
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock Time System
24-Hour Clock
24-Hour Clock Time System
Military Time
Military Time System
Twenty-Four Hour Clock Time System
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for time keeping in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 Hours, indicated by the Hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23.
GMT-9
AST
Alaska Standard Time
Mike Time Zone is the same local time as Yankee Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) ahead of Yankee Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+12
Mike Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+11
Lima Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-4
Quebec Time Zone
TDB is a linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) and is a relativistic coordinate time scale used in astronomy as a time standard that accounts for time dilation when calculating Orbits and Ephemerides of Astronomical Bodies and interplanetary Spacecraft in the Solar System. TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time (ET) and is nearly equivalent to the time scale Teph used for DE405 planetary and lunar ephemerides generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Barycentric Dynamical Time
GMT-4
PRT
Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Time
GMT+10
AET
Australia Eastern Time
GMT+4
NET
Near East Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+9
India Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-7
Tango Time Zone
Universal Time 1 A
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+5
Echo Time Zone
Universal Time 1 F
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-2
Oscar Time Zone
GMT-11
MIT
Midway Islands Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+8
Hotel Time Zone
"TCG is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Earth." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time)
Geocentric Coordinate Time
GMT+7
VST
Vietnam Standard Time
UTC is a variant of Universal Time that is calculated by combining Universal Time 1 with International Atomic Time by occasionally adding leap seconds to TAI in order to maintain UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1. The difference between UTC and UT1 is called DUT1 and always has a value between -0.9 seconds and +0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time is the current basis for civil time and is the reference time for time zones, whose local times are defined based on an offset from UTC.
Coordinated Universal Time
GMT+12
NST
New Zealand Standard Time
UT1R is a variant of Universal Time that is a smoothed version of UT1 by filtering out periodic variations due to tidal waves.
Universal Time 1 R
The Julian Calendar was proposed by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman Calendar, took effect on 1 January 46 BC, and was the predominant Calendar System in Europe until being largely replaced by the Gregorian Calendar.
Julian Calendar
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years such that the average length of a Julian Year is 365.25 Days.
GMT+6
BST
Bangladesh Standard Time
GMT-10
HST
Hawaii Standard Time
GMT-5
EST
Eastern Standard Time
IET
Indiana Eastern Standard Time
GMT+2
EET
Eastern European Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-3
Papa Time Zone
The ITRS definition fulfills the following conditions: 1. It is geocentric, the center of mass being defined for the whole earth, including oceans and atmosphere. 2. The unit of length is the metre (SI). This scale is consistent with the TCG time coordinate for a geocentric local frame, in agreement with IAU and IUGG (1991) resolutions. This is obtained by appropriate relativistic modelling. 3. Its orientation was initially given by the BIH orientation at 1984.0. 4. The time evolution of the orientation is ensured by using a no-net-rotation condition with regards to horizontal tectonic motions over the whole earth. From: (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ITRS/ITRS.html)
International Terrestrial Reference System
Universal Transverse Mercator Reference System
World Geographic Reference System
GMT+9
JST
Japan Standard Time
TAI is a time standard the values of which are generated by calculating the weighted average of the measurements of more than 400 atomic clocks and is based on the International System of Units (SI) definition of one second equals the time it takes a Cesium-133 atom at the ground state to oscillate exactly 9,192,631,770 times. TAI is extremely precise, but does not perfectly synchronize with Earth times, which is why TAI and UT1 are both used to determine UTC. TAI serves as the main realization of TT.
International Atomic Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-8
Uniform Time Zone
GMT+11
SST
Solomon Standard Time
Iran Standard Time
Iran Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-1
November Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-9
Victor Time Zone
GMT-7
MST
Mountain Standard Time
PNT
Phoenix Standard Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+7
Golf Time Zone
UT0 is a variant of Universal Time that is measured by observing the diurnal motion of stars or extragalactic radio sources at a specific location on Earth. It does not take into consideration distorting factors, in particular polar motion, such that its value will differ based on the location it is measured at.
Universal Time 0
Twelve-Hour Clock Time System
12-Hour Clock
12-Hour Clock Time System
Twelve Hour Clock
Twelve Hour Clock Time System
Twelve-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for keeping the Time of Day in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into two intervals of 12 Hours each, where: the first interval begins at midnight, ends at noon, and is indicated by the suffix 'a.m.'; the second interval begins at noon, ends at midnight, and is indicated by the suffix 'p.m.'; and the midnight and noon Hours are numbered 12 with subsequent Hours numbered 1-11.
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-12
Yankee Time Zone is the same local time as Mike Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) behind Mike Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Yankee Time Zone
"WGS 84 is an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed terrestrial reference system and geodetic datum. WGS 84 is based on a consistent set of constants and model parameters that describe the Earth's size, shape, and gravity and geomagnetic fields. WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)." From: (http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf)
World Geodetic System 1984
GMT-1
CAT
Central African Time
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
Conventional Terrestrial Coordinate System
ECEF
ECR
Earth Centered Earth Fixed
Earth Centered Rotational Coordinate System
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed
A Geospatial and Cartesian Coordinate System that identifies positions using an x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate where the zero point is the center of the Earth, the z-Axis extends toward the North Pole but does not always coincide exactly with the Earth's Axis of Rotation, the x-Axis extends through the intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Equator, the y-Axis completes the right-handed system, and all three axes are fixed to the Earth such that they rotate along with the Earth.
Teph (the 'eph' is written as subscript) is an ephemeris time argument developed and calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and implemented in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides (DE), including the currently used DE405. Teph is characterized as a relativistic coordinate time that is nearly equivalent to the IAU's definition of TCB, though Teph is not currently an IAU time standard. Teph is used by the JPL to generate the ephemerides it publishes to support spacecraft navigation and astronomy.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ephemeris Time Argument
JPL Ephemeris Time
This global main field model provides magnetic field values for any location on Earth, e.g. for navigational purposes (declination) or as a standard for core field subtraction for aeromagnetic surveys. An updated version is adopted by International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) every 5 years).
International Geomagnetic Reference Field
Alken, P., Thébault, E., Beggan, C.D. et al. International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation. Earth Planets Space 73, 49 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01288-x , https://www.iaga-aiga.org/
GMT+8
CTT
China Taiwan Time
"Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the barycenter of the Solar system: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Solar system but is outside the system's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Sun and the rest of the system." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time)
Barycentric Coordinate Time
The Gregorian Calendar was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII via papal bull on 24 February 1582 as a reform of the Julian Calendar to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes and solstices. The Gregorian Calendar is currently the most widely used civil Calendar System in the world and is 13 days ahead of the Julian Calendar Date.
Gregorian Calendar
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years except Years that are evenly divisible by 100 but not 400 such that there are 97 leap Years every 400 Years and the average length of a Gregorian Year is 365.2425 Days (365 Days 5 Hours 49 Minutes 12 Seconds).
GMT-6
CST
Central Standard Time
Unix Time is a Temporal Reference System for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Thursday, 1 January 1970 minus the number of leap seconds that have taken place since then. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time)
Unix Time
Zulu Time Zone
UT2 is a variant of Universal Time that smooths UT1 by accounting for both polar motion and variations in Earth's rotation due to seasonal factors, such as changes in vegetation and water or snow distribution.
Universal Time 2
Juliet time is used as an indexical to refer to local time without otherwise specifying the time zone.
Juliet Time Zone
GMT-3
AGT
Argentina Standard Time
Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka Standard Time
GMT+3
EAT
Eastern African Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-5
Romeo Time Zone
UT1 is a derivation of UT0 that takes into account distortions caused by polar motion and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). UT1 is currently the most widely used variant of Universal Time and has the same value everywhere on Earth.
Universal Time 1
Astronomical Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+4
Delta Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+10
Kilo Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+3
Charlie Time Zone