Time Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: TimeOntology
imports: ExtendedRelationOntology
license: BSD 3-Clause: https://github.com/CommonCoreOntology/CommonCoreOntologies/blob/master/LICENSE
rights: CUBRC Inc., see full license.
comment: This ontology is designed to represent temporal regions and the relations that hold between them.
version info: Version 2.0

has inside instant
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is inside instant of
domain: BFO_0000038
range: BFO_0000148
definition: x has_inside_instant y iff x is an instance of One Dimensional Temporal Region and y is an instance of Temporal Instant and y is_inside_instant_of x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

has inside interval
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contains
inverse of: interval during
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x has_inside_interval y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_during x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval finishes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contained by
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_finishes y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant v, w, and z such that v is the starting instant of x, w is the ending instant of both x and y, z is the starting instant of y, and z is before v.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval finished by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contains
inverse of: interval finishes
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_finished_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_finishes x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval equals
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
property disjoint with: interval disjoint
definition: x interval_equals y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant w and z such that w is the starting instant of both x and y and z is the ending instant of both x and y.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: interval overlapped by
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
property disjoint with: interval disjoint
definition: x interval_overlaps y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, u is before w, w is before v, and v is before z.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval is after
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval disjoint
inverse of: interval is before
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_is_after y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_is_before x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

is inside instant of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: BFO_0000148
range: BFO_0000038
definition: x is_inside_instant of y iff x is an instance of Temporal Instant and y is an instance of One-Dimensional Temporal Region and there are instances of Temporal Instant w and z that are part of y and non-identical to x such that w precedes x and z is preceded by x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval disjoint
type: ObjectProperty
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
property disjoint with: interval overlapped by
property disjoint with: interval contains
property disjoint with: interval contained by
definition: x interval_disjoint y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and have no parts in common.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval during
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contained by
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_during y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, and z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, w is before u, and v is before z.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval overlapped by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: interval overlaps
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x is_overlapped_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_overlaps x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval started by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contains
inverse of: interval starts
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_started_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_starts x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

instant is after
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: instant is before
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: BFO_0000148
range: BFO_0000148
definition: x instant_is_after y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Instant and there exists some instance of Temporal Interval z such that y is the starting instant of z and x is the ending instant of z.
scope note: 'instant is after' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant x is after some temporal instant y iff y precedes x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval meets
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval disjoint
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_meets y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exists some instance of Temporal Instant z such that z is the ending instant of x and z is the starting instant of y.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval met by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval disjoint
type: IrreflexiveProperty
inverse of: interval meets
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_met_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_meets x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval contained by
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_starts y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant v, w, and z such that v is the starting instant of both x and y, w is the ending instant of x, z is the ending instant of y and w is before z.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval contains
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: interval contained by
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_contains y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, and z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, w is before or identical to u, and v is before or identical to z, and it is not the case that both w is identical to u and v is identical to z.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval is before
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interval disjoint
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_is_before y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant w, z such that w is the ending instant of x and z is the starting instant of y and w is before z.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

interval contained by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: interval contains
domain: BFO_0000202
range: BFO_0000202
definition: x interval_contained_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_contains x.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

instant is before
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: BFO_0000148
range: BFO_0000148
definition: x instant_is_before y iff x and y are both instances of Zero Dimensional Temporal Region and there exists some instance of Temporal Interval z such that x is the starting instant of z and y is the ending instant of z.
scope note: 'instant is before' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant x is before some temporal instant y iff x precedes y.
ont00001754: J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Hour Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Hour
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Hours and spans at least one Hour.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Minute
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Hour
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Seconds.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Unix Temporal Instant
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000203
definition: A Temporal Instant as specified by the number of Seconds that have elapsed since the specified Epoch Time as described by an implementation of Unix Time.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Axial Rotation Period
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to the length of time required for a spinning Object to complete one rotation around its Axis of Rotation.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Day Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Day
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Days and spans at least one Day.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Time of Day
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000203
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000132
  some values from: Day
definition: A Temporal Instant that is part of a Day.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Month
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Year
definition: A Temporal Interval that is based on the approximate length of time required for a Natural Satellite to complete one cycle of its rotational motion around its Primary Body.
scope note: Unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that a Month is specified relative to the Rotational Motion of the Moon around the Earth. Earth Months are approximately equal to four consecutive Weeks or 30 consecutive Days.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Julian Year
type: Class
subclass of: Calendar Year
comment: A Julian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.25 Julian Days. Julian Years are typically indicated by prefixing a capital 'J' in front of the Year number, e.g. J2000.0 or J2018.
definition: A Calendar Year in the Julian Calendar.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Calendar Month
type: Class
subclass of: Month
definition: A Month that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Month.
example: January; February; March; April; May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Month Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Month
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Months and spans at least one Month.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Julian Date
type: Class
subclass of: Time of Day
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000132
  some values from: Julian Day
definition: A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Julian Date epoch.
ont00001753: JD
ont00001754: https://www.defit.org/julian-date/
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Gregorian Year
type: Class
subclass of: Calendar Year
comment: A Gregorian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.2425 Gregorian Days. The Gregorian Year is based upon the vernal equinox year. Unless otherwise stated, instances of Calendar Year are assumed to be instances of Gregorian Year since the Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used civil Calendar System.
definition: A Calendar Year in the Gregorian Calendar.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Gregorian Day
type: Class
subclass of: Calendar Day
comment: A Gregorian Day is twenty-four Hours in duration.
definition: A Calendar Day in the Gregorian Calendar.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Modified Julian Date
type: Class
subclass of: Time of Day
comment: A Day begins at midnight GMT within the Modified Julian Date reference system. The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is related to the Julian Date (JD) by the formula: MJD = JD - 2400000.5
definition: A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Modified Julian Date epoch.
ont00001753: MJD
ont00001754: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.php
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Julian Day
type: Class
subclass of: Calendar Day
comment: A Julian Day begins at noon Universal Time and is twenty-four Hours in duration.
definition: A Calendar Day in the Julian Calendar.
ont00001754: https://www.defit.org/julian-date/
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Morning
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am) and reaches its apex (approximately 12:00pm).
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Week
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Month
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to seven consecutive Days.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Calendar Year
type: Class
subclass of: Year
definition: A Year that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Year.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Afternoon
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun is at its apex (approximately 12:00pm) and when it sets (approximately 6:00pm).
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Day
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Week
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one rotation around its Rotational Axis as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
scope note: Unless otherwise specified, a Day is assumed to be relative to the rotational motion of the Earth and is approximately equal to a twenty-four hour temporal region for which the start and end times are specified by the Temporal Reference System used.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Week Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Week
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Weeks and spans at least one Week.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Year
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Decade
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one Orbital Revolution around its Primary Body as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
scope note: Unless otherwise specified, a Year is assumed to be relative to the Orbiting of the Earth around the Sun and is approximately equal to 12 Months or 365 Days.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Calendar Day
type: Class
subclass of: Day
definition: A Day that begins and ends concurrently with the Seconds specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Seconds of the Day.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Second
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Minute
comment: The Second is used as the basic SI unit of time.
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
ont00001754: https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/second.html
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Calendar Week
type: Class
subclass of: Week
definition: A Week that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Week.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Hour
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval during
  some values from: Day
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Minutes.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Decade
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that is equal to a period of ten consecutive Years.
ont00001754: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Evening
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun sets (approximately 6:00pm) and when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm).
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Reference Time
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000203
alternative label: Epoch
alternative label: Epoch Time
alternative label: Reference Date
definition: A Temporal Instant specified as the origin for which other Temporal Regions are measured or identified.
ont00001754: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Second Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Second
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Seconds and spans at least one Second.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Minute Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Minute
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Minutes and spans at least one Minute.
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Night
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000202
definition: A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm) and when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am).
ont00001760: Time Ontology

Multi-Year Temporal Interval
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000038
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: interval contains
  some values from: Year
comment: This is a defined class.
definition: A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Years and spans at least one Year.
ont00001760: Time Ontology