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This ontology is designed to represent temporal regions and the relations that hold between them.
Time Ontology
Version 2.0
has inside instant
x has_inside_instant y iff x is an instance of One Dimensional Temporal Region and y is an instance of Temporal Instant and y is_inside_instant_of x.
J. F. Allen and J. A. G. M. Koomen. Planning using a temporal world model. In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-1983) pages 741–747. Available at: https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/83-2/Papers/036.pdf
has inside interval
x has_inside_interval y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_during x.
interval finishes
x interval_finishes y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant v, w, and z such that v is the starting instant of x, w is the ending instant of both x and y, z is the starting instant of y, and z is before v.
interval finished by
x interval_finished_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_finishes x.
interval equals
x interval_equals y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant w and z such that w is the starting instant of both x and y and z is the ending instant of both x and y.
interval overlaps
x interval_overlaps y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, u is before w, w is before v, and v is before z.
interval is after
x interval_is_after y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_is_before x.
is inside instant of
x is_inside_instant of y iff x is an instance of Temporal Instant and y is an instance of One-Dimensional Temporal Region and there are instances of Temporal Instant w and z that are part of y and non-identical to x such that w precedes x and z is preceded by x.
interval disjoint
x interval_disjoint y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and have no parts in common.
interval during
x interval_during y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, and z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, w is before u, and v is before z.
interval overlapped by
x is_overlapped_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_overlaps x.
interval started by
x interval_started_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_starts x.
instant is after
x instant_is_after y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Instant and there exists some instance of Temporal Interval z such that y is the starting instant of z and x is the ending instant of z.
'instant is after' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant x is after some temporal instant y iff y precedes x.
interval meets
x interval_meets y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exists some instance of Temporal Instant z such that z is the ending instant of x and z is the starting instant of y.
interval met by
x interval_met_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_meets x.
interval starts
x interval_starts y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant v, w, and z such that v is the starting instant of both x and y, w is the ending instant of x, z is the ending instant of y and w is before z.
interval contains
x interval_contains y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant u, v, w, and z such that u is the starting instant of x, v is the ending instant of x, w is the starting instant of y, z is the ending instant of y, w is before or identical to u, and v is before or identical to z, and it is not the case that both w is identical to u and v is identical to z.
interval is before
x interval_is_before y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and there exist instances of Temporal Instant w, z such that w is the ending instant of x and z is the starting instant of y and w is before z.
interval contained by
x interval_contained_by y iff x and y are both instances of Temporal Interval and y interval_contains x.
instant is before
x instant_is_before y iff x and y are both instances of Zero Dimensional Temporal Region and there exists some instance of Temporal Interval z such that x is the starting instant of z and y is the ending instant of z.
'instant is before' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant x is before some temporal instant y iff x precedes y.
This is a defined class.
Multi-Hour Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Hours and spans at least one Hour.
Minute
A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Seconds.
Unix Temporal Instant
A Temporal Instant as specified by the number of Seconds that have elapsed since the specified Epoch Time as described by an implementation of Unix Time.
Axial Rotation Period
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the length of time required for a spinning Object to complete one rotation around its Axis of Rotation.
Multi-Day Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Days and spans at least one Day.
Time of Day
A Temporal Instant that is part of a Day.
Month
A Temporal Interval that is based on the approximate length of time required for a Natural Satellite to complete one cycle of its rotational motion around its Primary Body.
Unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that a Month is specified relative to the Rotational Motion of the Moon around the Earth. Earth Months are approximately equal to four consecutive Weeks or 30 consecutive Days.
A Julian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.25 Julian Days. Julian Years are typically indicated by prefixing a capital 'J' in front of the Year number, e.g. J2000.0 or J2018.
Julian Year
A Calendar Year in the Julian Calendar.
Calendar Month
A Month that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Month.
January; February; March; April; May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
Multi-Month Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Months and spans at least one Month.
Julian Date
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Julian Date epoch.
A Gregorian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.2425 Gregorian Days. The Gregorian Year is based upon the vernal equinox year. Unless otherwise stated, instances of Calendar Year are assumed to be instances of Gregorian Year since the Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used civil Calendar System.
Gregorian Year
A Calendar Year in the Gregorian Calendar.
A Gregorian Day is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Gregorian Day
A Calendar Day in the Gregorian Calendar.
A Day begins at midnight GMT within the Modified Julian Date reference system. The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is related to the Julian Date (JD) by the formula: MJD = JD - 2400000.5
Modified Julian Date
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Modified Julian Date epoch.
A Julian Day begins at noon Universal Time and is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Julian Day
A Calendar Day in the Julian Calendar.
Morning
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am) and reaches its apex (approximately 12:00pm).
Week
A Temporal Interval that is equal to seven consecutive Days.
Calendar Year
A Year that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Year.
Afternoon
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun is at its apex (approximately 12:00pm) and when it sets (approximately 6:00pm).
Day
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one rotation around its Rotational Axis as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Day is assumed to be relative to the rotational motion of the Earth and is approximately equal to a twenty-four hour temporal region for which the start and end times are specified by the Temporal Reference System used.
Multi-Week Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Weeks and spans at least one Week.
Year
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one Orbital Revolution around its Primary Body as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Year is assumed to be relative to the Orbiting of the Earth around the Sun and is approximately equal to 12 Months or 365 Days.
Calendar Day
A Day that begins and ends concurrently with the Seconds specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Seconds of the Day.
The Second is used as the basic SI unit of time.
Second
A Temporal Interval that is equal to the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
Calendar Week
A Week that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Week.
Hour
A Temporal Interval that is equal to sixty consecutive Minutes.
Decade
A Temporal Interval that is equal to a period of ten consecutive Years.
Evening
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun sets (approximately 6:00pm) and when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm).
Reference Time
Epoch
Epoch Time
Reference Date
A Temporal Instant specified as the origin for which other Temporal Regions are measured or identified.
Multi-Second Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Seconds and spans at least one Second.
Multi-Minute Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Minutes and spans at least one Minute.
Night
A Temporal Interval that consists of the temporal regions between when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm) and when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am).
Multi-Year Temporal Interval
A one-dimensional temporal region that is measured in Years and spans at least one Year.