identifier: traitmech:000227 label: AbiE system definition: An abortive infection system in which an organism possesses an abiE bicistronic locus whose AbiEii DUF1814-family bacteriostatic toxin and AbiEi COG5340-family antitoxin constitute a non-interacting type IV toxin-antitoxin module that supports phage resistance. definition_source: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000214 evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4321-4328.1995 snippet: Subcloning and deletion analysis of the recombinant plasmid pPG01 defined a 2.5-kb ScaIHpaI fragment as conferring phage insensitivity notes: Garvey et al. localized the pNP40 AbiE determinant to the pPG01 subclone. - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4321-4328.1995 snippet: The mechanisms encoded by pPG01 and pCG1 in L. lactis subsp. lactis MG1614 conformed to the criteria defining abortive infection and were designated AbiE and AbiF, respectively notes: Garvey et al. designated the pPG01-encoded pNP40 phage-insensitivity determinant as AbiE. - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: AbiE systems are encoded by bicistronic operons and function via a non-interacting (Type IV) bacteriostatic TA mechanism notes: Dy et al. support defining AbiE as a type IV toxin-antitoxin Abi family. - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: We demonstrate that the AbiE phage resistance systems function as novel Type IV TAs and are widespread in bacteria and archaea notes: Dy et al. support a reusable AbiE-system trait beyond the original Lactococcus pNP40 determinant. - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: AbiEii was toxic by acting as a GTP-binding NTase and was neutralized by expression of AbiEi notes: Dy et al. connect the AbiEii nucleotidyltransferase toxin and AbiEi antitoxin to the AbiE type IV toxin-antitoxin module. - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: AbiEii was shown to specifically bind GTP, the first step in a NTase activity notes: Dy et al. support the GTP-binding nucleotidyltransferase activity of AbiEii while leaving the exact toxic target unresolved. canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:1358 taxon_label: Lactococcus lactis note: Garvey et al. cloned the pNP40 AbiE determinant and showed that the pPG01-encoded region conferred abortive-infection phage insensitivity in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MG1614. reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4321-4328.1995 causal_graphs: - graph_id: abie_type_iv_ta_antiphage_activity title: AbiE type IV toxin-antitoxin activity supports phage resistance description: Evidence-backed process sketch linking an abiE locus to type IV toxin-antitoxin activity, AbiEii GTP-dependent toxicity, restricted phage propagation, and abortive-infection system possession. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures AbiE at the system level without asserting a universal phage activator, the exact cellular target of AbiEii, or that every COG5340-DUF1814 pair functions in abortive infection. nodes: - node_id: abie_locus label: abiE locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A bicistronic type IV toxin-antitoxin abortive-infection locus encoding AbiEi and AbiEii. - node_id: abie_type_iv_toxin_antitoxin_activity label: AbiE type IV toxin-antitoxin activity node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Non-interacting type IV toxin-antitoxin activity mediated by the AbiEi antitoxin and AbiEii toxin. - node_id: abieii_ntase_toxicity label: AbiEii GTP-binding nucleotidyltransferase toxicity node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Growth-inhibitory toxicity that depends on conserved AbiEii nucleotidyltransferase motifs and GTP binding. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced completion of phage propagation in an AbiE-containing infected host cell. - node_id: abie_system_trait label: AbiE system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000227 description: Possession of a genome-encoded abiE type IV toxin-antitoxin abortive-infection system. - node_id: abortive_infection_system_trait label: abortive infection system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000214 description: Possession of a genome-encoded abortive-infection phage defense system. edges: - subject: abie_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: abie_type_iv_toxin_antitoxin_activity description: The abiE locus encodes the defining type IV toxin-antitoxin module. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: AbiE systems are encoded by bicistronic operons and function via a non-interacting (Type IV) bacteriostatic TA mechanism notes: Dy et al. show that AbiE is a bicistronic type IV toxin-antitoxin system. - subject: abie_type_iv_toxin_antitoxin_activity predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: abieii_ntase_toxicity description: The AbiE type IV module couples AbiEii GTP-dependent nucleotidyltransferase toxicity to AbiEi antitoxicity. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: AbiEii was toxic by acting as a GTP-binding NTase and was neutralized by expression of AbiEi notes: Dy et al. identify AbiEii as the toxin and AbiEi as its cognate antitoxin. - subject: abie_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: The AbiE determinant contributes to abortive phage-resistance phenotypes. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4321-4328.1995 snippet: The mechanisms encoded by pPG01 and pCG1 in L. lactis subsp. lactis MG1614 conformed to the criteria defining abortive infection and were designated AbiE and AbiF, respectively notes: Garvey et al. show that the pPG01 AbiE determinant produces an abortive-infection phage-insensitivity mechanism. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: abie_system_trait description: Restriction of phage propagation realizes the AbiE abortive-infection defense trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1419 snippet: We demonstrate that the AbiE phage resistance systems function as novel Type IV TAs and are widespread in bacteria and archaea notes: Dy et al. describe AbiE systems as type IV toxin-antitoxin phage-resistance systems. - subject: abie_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: abortive_infection_system_trait description: AbiE system possession is an abortive-infection-system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4321-4328.1995 snippet: The mechanisms encoded by pPG01 and pCG1 in L. lactis subsp. lactis MG1614 conformed to the criteria defining abortive infection and were designated AbiE and AbiF, respectively notes: Garvey et al. place AbiE in the abortive infection class of phage defense. curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-15T19:46:30Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted AbiE system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under the abortive infection system parent after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v104. llm_assisted: true