identifier: traitmech:000304 label: AbiH system definition: An abortive infection system in which an organism possesses an abiH-family locus represented by the DefenseFinder AbiH__AbiH profile and exemplified by the Lactococcus lactis S94 abiH gene that encodes lactococcal phage abortive-infection resistance. definition_source: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000214 synonyms: - synonym_text: AbiH synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: A gene which encodes resistance by abortive infection (Abi+) to bacteriophage was cloned from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis S94 notes: Prevots et al. cloned abiH from Lactococcus lactis S94 and connected the locus to bacteriophage resistance by abortive infection. - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: This gene was found to confer a reduction in efficiency of plating and plaque size for prolate-headed bacteriophage phi 53 (group I of homology) and total resistance to the small isometric-headed bacteriophage phi 59 (group III of homology) notes: Prevots et al. show that the cloned abiH gene restricts multiple lactococcal phages with distinct plating phenotypes. - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: The cloned gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 346 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 41 455 Da notes: Prevots et al. support abiH as an encoded phage-resistance protein rather than a noncoding marker. - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: No homology with any previously described genes was found notes: Prevots et al. leave the molecular class and effector mechanism of AbiH unresolved. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: AbiH | 10\.1111/j\.1574-6968\.1996\.tb08446\.x | Cloning and sequencing of the novel abortive infection gene abiH of Lactococcus lactis ssp\. lactis biovar\. diacetylactis S94 notes: The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named AbiH system to the Prevots et al. abiH cloning paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "AbiH\tAbiH\t1\t1\tAbiH__AbiH" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models AbiH as a one-component system requiring the AbiH__AbiH profile. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| AbiH__AbiH | AbiH__AbiH | AbiH | PF14253.7 | 30.9 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records the PF14253.7-backed AbiH__AbiH profile under the AbiH model namespace. canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:1358 taxon_label: Lactococcus lactis note: Prevots et al. cloned abiH from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis S94 and showed that the cloned locus confers abortive-infection phage resistance. reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x causal_graphs: - graph_id: abih_locus_restricts_lactococcal_phages title: AbiH activity restricts lactococcal phages description: Conservative system-level sketch linking an abiH-family locus to AbiH antiphage activity, reduced lactococcal phage plaque formation, restricted phage propagation, and abortive-infection system possession without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular target. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures AbiH as a named DefenseFinder single-profile abortive-infection system whose prototype abiH gene reduces or abolishes plating by tested lactococcal phages while leaving the direct phage trigger, AbiH molecular function, host or phage target, arrest route, and phage escape routes unresolved. nodes: - node_id: abih_locus label: abiH locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: An abiH-family abortive-infection locus represented by the DefenseFinder AbiH__AbiH profile. - node_id: abih_antiphage_activity label: AbiH antiphage activity node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Abortive-infection phage resistance mediated by the AbiH protein. - node_id: lactococcal_phage_plaque_formation label: lactococcal phage plaque formation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Formation of plaques by AbiH-sensitive phi 53 and phi 59 phages on a Lactococcus lactis indicator lawn. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced completion of AbiH-sensitive lactococcal phage propagation in an AbiH-containing infected host cell. - node_id: abih_system_trait label: AbiH system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000304 description: Possession of a genome-encoded AbiH abortive-infection phage-defense system. - node_id: abortive_infection_system_trait label: abortive infection system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000214 description: Possession of a genome-encoded abortive-infection phage-defense system. edges: - subject: abih_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: abih_antiphage_activity description: The abiH-family locus encodes an abortive-infection phage-resistance determinant, and DefenseFinder models AbiH as a one-profile system. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: A gene which encodes resistance by abortive infection (Abi+) to bacteriophage notes: Prevots et al. identify the cloned abiH gene as the abortive-infection phage-resistance determinant. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "AbiH\tAbiH\t1\t1\tAbiH__AbiH" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models AbiH as a one-component system requiring the AbiH__AbiH profile. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| AbiH__AbiH | AbiH__AbiH | AbiH | PF14253.7 | 30.9 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records the PF14253.7-backed AbiH__AbiH profile under the AbiH model namespace. - subject: abih_antiphage_activity predicate: mitigates predicate_id: METPO:2007407 object: lactococcal_phage_plaque_formation description: AbiH activity reduces phi 53 plating and plaque size and confers total resistance to phi 59. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: This gene was found to confer a reduction in efficiency of plating and plaque size for prolate-headed bacteriophage phi 53 (group I of homology) and total resistance to the small isometric-headed bacteriophage phi 59 notes: Prevots et al. directly measure reduced or abolished plaque formation for tested lactococcal phages. - subject: abih_antiphage_activity predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: Reduced plating and total phi 59 resistance indicate that AbiH limits completion of tested lactococcal phage infection. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: reduction in efficiency of plating and plaque size for prolate-headed bacteriophage phi 53 (group I of homology) and total resistance to the small isometric-headed bacteriophage phi 59 (group III of homology) notes: Prevots et al. support both a partial phi 53 block and total phi 59 resistance from the cloned abiH gene. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: abih_system_trait description: Restriction of lactococcal phage propagation realizes the AbiH abortive-infection trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: encodes resistance by abortive infection (Abi+) to bacteriophage notes: Prevots et al. classify the cloned abiH resistance determinant as abortive infection. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: AbiH | 10\.1111/j\.1574-6968\.1996\.tb08446\.x | Cloning and sequencing of the novel abortive infection gene abiH of Lactococcus lactis ssp\. lactis biovar\. diacetylactis S94 notes: The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named AbiH system to the Prevots et al. abiH cloning paper. - subject: abih_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: abortive_infection_system_trait description: AbiH system possession is an abortive-infection-system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08446.x snippet: encodes resistance by abortive infection (Abi+) to bacteriophage notes: Prevots et al. support AbiH as an abortive-infection system. discussions: - discussion_id: abih-trigger-and-effector-gap prompt: Resolve the AbiH phage trigger, molecular activity, and direct arrest target before minting narrower AbiH mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Prevots et al. support AbiH as a named lactococcal abortive-infection gene whose cloned S94 locus reduces or blocks plating by tested lactococcal phages, and DefenseFinder represents AbiH with a one-profile rule. This system-level record leaves the phage trigger, AbiH molecular function, direct cellular target, growth-arrest or cell-death route, and phage escape routes unresolved. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#abih_locus_restricts_lactococcal_phages posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-20' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-20T08:12:00Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted AbiH system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under the abortive infection system parent after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v181. llm_assisted: true