identifier: traitmech:000507 label: Dag system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Dag-family DNA-glycosylase system whose Dag1 or Dag2 effectors selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases. definition_source: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: Dag synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md - synonym_text: Dag1 synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 - synonym_text: Dag2 synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: using structure-guided discovery, we identified two widespread families of anti-phage DNA glycosylases, Dag1 and Dag2 notes: Getz et al. identify Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread anti-phage DNA-glycosylase families. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Dag1 and Dag2 act as antiviral effectors that selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases. notes: Getz et al. support the modified-guanine phage targeting scope of the Dag1 and Dag2 antiviral effectors. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Together, these findings establish DNA glycosylases as a versatile class of bacterial immune proteins notes: Getz et al. frame defense-associated DNA glycosylases as bacterial immune proteins. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Dag | 10\.1101/2025\.10\.29\.685425 | Antiviral defence is a conserved function of diverse DNA glycosylases | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Dag source key to the Getz et al. DNA-glycosylase antiviral defense paper. causal_graphs: - graph_id: dag_effectors_target_modified_guanine_phages title: Dag effectors target modified-guanine phages description: Conservative system-level sketch linking the Dag DefenseFinder namespace to Dag1 and Dag2 antiviral effector activity and the Dag phage-defense-system trait. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures Dag as a named DefenseFinder DNA-glycosylase phage-defense system at system level and deliberately defers a protein-resolved glycosylase mechanism. Getz et al. support Dag1 and Dag2 as anti-phage DNA glycosylase families that target modified-guanine phages, but exact natural host exemplars, accession-level Dag proteins, relationships between Dag1 and Dag2 families, and DefenseFinder HMM/rules profiles are unresolved. nodes: - node_id: dag_locus label: Dag locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A Dag-family DNA-glycosylase phage-defense locus represented by the DefenseFinder Dag article namespace. - node_id: modified_guanine_phage_targeting label: modified-guanine phage targeting node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Selective targeting of phages that carry modified guanine bases by Dag1 or Dag2 antiviral effectors. - node_id: dag_system_trait label: Dag system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000507 description: Possession of a genome-encoded Dag DNA-glycosylase phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system_trait label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: dag_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: modified_guanine_phage_targeting description: Dag-family DNA-glycosylase systems encode Dag1 or Dag2 antiviral effectors that selectively target modified-guanine phages. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: using structure-guided discovery, we identified two widespread families of anti-phage DNA glycosylases, Dag1 and Dag2 notes: Getz et al. identify Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread anti-phage DNA-glycosylase families. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Dag1 and Dag2 act as antiviral effectors that selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases. notes: Getz et al. support the modified-guanine phage targeting scope of the Dag1 and Dag2 antiviral effectors. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Dag | 10\.1101/2025\.10\.29\.685425 | Antiviral defence is a conserved function of diverse DNA glycosylases | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Dag source key to the Getz et al. DNA-glycosylase antiviral defense paper. - subject: modified_guanine_phage_targeting predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: dag_system_trait description: Modified-guanine phage targeting realizes the organism-level Dag system possession trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Dag1 and Dag2 act as antiviral effectors that selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases. notes: Getz et al. support the modified-guanine phage targeting scope of the Dag1 and Dag2 antiviral effectors. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Together, these findings establish DNA glycosylases as a versatile class of bacterial immune proteins notes: Getz et al. frame defense-associated DNA glycosylases as bacterial immune proteins. - subject: dag_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system_trait description: Dag system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: using structure-guided discovery, we identified two widespread families of anti-phage DNA glycosylases, Dag1 and Dag2 notes: Getz et al. identify Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread anti-phage DNA-glycosylase families. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Together, these findings establish DNA glycosylases as a versatile class of bacterial immune proteins notes: Getz et al. frame defense-associated DNA glycosylases as bacterial immune proteins. discussions: - discussion_id: dag-defensefinder-profile-gap prompt: Resolve exact Dag1 and Dag2 family boundaries, natural host exemplars, modified-guanine phage target breadth, and DefenseFinder HMM/rules coverage before minting narrower Dag mechanism or component traits. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Getz et al. support Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread families of anti-phage DNA glycosylases that selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases, and the pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Dag key to the Getz et al. preprint DOI. The pinned HMM inventory and rules table have no exact Dag rows. This first-pass record therefore does not resolve exact Dag1 versus Dag2 family boundaries, natural host exemplars, accession-level Dag proteins, full modified-guanine phage target breadth, or a reusable DefenseFinder profile model. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: using structure-guided discovery, we identified two widespread families of anti-phage DNA glycosylases, Dag1 and Dag2 notes: Getz et al. identify Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread anti-phage DNA-glycosylase families. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02441-0 snippet: Dag1 and Dag2 act as antiviral effectors that selectively target phages carrying modified guanine bases. notes: Getz et al. support the modified-guanine phage targeting scope of the Dag1 and Dag2 antiviral effectors. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Dag | 10\.1101/2025\.10\.29\.685425 | Antiviral defence is a conserved function of diverse DNA glycosylases | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Dag source key to the Getz et al. DNA-glycosylase antiviral defense paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md notes: A structured first-pass search of the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory found no exact Dag row. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv notes: A structured first-pass search of the pinned DefenseFinder rules table found no exact Dag system row. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#dag_effectors_target_modified_guanine_phages posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-01' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-10-01T05:07:00Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted Dag system as a DOI- and DefenseFinder-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under the phage defense system parent after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v384. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-10-01T05:07:01Z' curator: codex action: REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP changes: Reviewed Dag system during initial curation and left canonical_examples empty because the accessible Getz et al. abstract supports Dag1 and Dag2 as widespread anti-phage DNA-glycosylase families but does not name a stable NCBITaxon strain exemplar for the organism-level Dag system trait. No paid research was used. llm_assisted: true