identifier: traitmech:000245
label: Dazbog system
definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a two-component
  Dazbog locus encoding DzbA and DzbB components that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage
  infection.
definition_source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
trait_category: GENOMICS
term_kind: CLASS
mapping_status: PROPOSED
parent_traits:
- traitmech:000209
synonyms:
- synonym_text: Dazbog
  synonym_type: EXACT_SYNONYM
  source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
  snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based
    on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments
  notes: Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort in which
    Dazbog was discovered as a bacterial anti-phage system.
- reference: DOI:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447
  snippet: discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages,
    based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments
  notes: The bioRxiv version of Millman et al. independently carries the 21-system
    discovery claim linked from DefenseFinder's Dazbog article registry.
- reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
  snippet: Dazbog | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune
    systems that protect bacteria from phages
  notes: The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Dazbog system to the Millman
    et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint.
- reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
  snippet: Dazbog__DzbA, Dazbog__DzbB
  notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models Dazbog as a two-member system with DzbA
    and DzbB mandatory profiles.
- reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
  snippet: Dazbog__DzbA
  notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records DzbA as a Dazbog profile.
- reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
  snippet: Dazbog__DzbB
  notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records DzbB as a Dazbog profile.
causal_graphs:
- graph_id: dazbog_locus_restricts_phage
  title: Dazbog loci confer bacterial phage defense
  description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Dazbog locus
    to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage
    trigger or molecular output.
  scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC
  scope_notes: The graph captures the Dazbog system as a DzbA/DzbB anti-phage locus
    while leaving its phage trigger, enzymatic substrate, effector output, cell-death
    or survival outcome, and subtype breadth unresolved.
  nodes:
  - node_id: dazbog_locus
    label: Dazbog locus
    node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT
    description: A Dazbog anti-phage defense locus containing DzbA and DzbB components.
  - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation
    label: restricted phage propagation
    node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS
    description: Reduced propagation of bacteriophage in cells carrying the Dazbog
      system.
  - node_id: dazbog_system_trait
    label: Dazbog system
    node_type: TRAIT
    grounding: traitmech:000245
    description: Possession of a genome-encoded Dazbog phage-defense system.
  - node_id: phage_defense_system
    label: phage defense system
    node_type: TRAIT
    grounding: traitmech:000209
    description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit
      bacteriophage infection.
  edges:
  - subject: dazbog_locus
    predicate: contributes to
    predicate_id: RO:0002326
    object: restricted_phage_propagation
    description: The Dazbog locus encodes the DzbA and DzbB components of a two-component
      Dazbog anti-phage system.
    evidence:
    - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
      snippet: Dazbog__DzbA, Dazbog__DzbB
      notes: The DefenseFinder rules table supports DzbA and DzbB as the mandatory
        Dazbog system profiles.
  - subject: restricted_phage_propagation
    predicate: confers
    predicate_id: METPO:2007700
    object: dazbog_system_trait
    description: Dazbog-mediated phage restriction realizes the Dazbog system trait.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
      snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages
      notes: Millman et al. place the Dazbog discovery cohort in the set of bacterial
        systems that protect against phages.
    - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
      snippet: 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems
      notes: DefenseFinder records Dazbog as a named system from the Millman et al.
        antiphage discovery preprint.
  - subject: dazbog_system_trait
    predicate: is a
    predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf
    object: phage_defense_system
    description: Dazbog system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
    evidence:
    - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
      snippet: An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages
      notes: DefenseFinder associates Dazbog with the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system
        discovery paper.
discussions:
- discussion_id: dazbog-mechanism-gap
  prompt: Resolve Dazbog phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower
    Dazbog mechanism children.
  kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP
  status: OPEN
  rationale: Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support Dazbog as a named DzbA/DzbB
    anti-phage locus, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output,
    and death-or-survival phenotype are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower
    mechanistic child trait.
  posed_by: codex
  posed_date: '2026-09-18'
curation_history:
- timestamp: '2026-09-18T16:14:42Z'
  curator: codex
  action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID
  changes: Minted Dazbog system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense
    system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech,
    METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v122.
  llm_assisted: true