identifier: traitmech:000347 label: FS-HEPN-TM system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses an FS_HEPN_TM locus represented by DefenseFinder as a two-profile model requiring FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN and FS_HEPN_TM__TM. definition_source: DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.014 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: FS_HEPN_TM synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md - synonym_text: FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md - synonym_text: FS_HEPN_TM__TM synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md evidence: - reference: PMID:35985290 snippet: the phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs), carry an impressive arsenal of defense mechanisms notes: Fillol-Salom et al. support phage-inducible chromosomal islands as carriers of mobile-element defense mechanisms. - reference: PMID:35985290 snippet: These defense systems provide broad immunity, blocking not only phage reproduction, but also plasmid and non-cognate PICI transfer. notes: Fillol-Salom et al. support PICI-encoded defense systems as broad immunity determinants against phage reproduction and other mobile genetic element transfer. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: FS_HEPN_TM | 10\.1016/j\.cell\.2022\.07\.014 | Bacteriophages benefit from mobilizing pathogenicity islands encoding immune systems against competitors notes: The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named FS_HEPN_TM system to the Fillol-Salom et al. PICI defense-system paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "FS_HEPN_TM\tFS_HEPN_TM\t2\t2\tFS_HEPN_TM__HEPN, FS_HEPN_TM__TM" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models FS_HEPN_TM as a two-profile system requiring the FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN and FS_HEPN_TM__TM profiles. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN | FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN | FS_HEPN_TM | PF05168.15 | 20 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN under FS_HEPN_TM. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| FS_HEPN_TM__TM | FS_HEPN_TM__TM | FS_HEPN_TM | Custom | 20 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records FS_HEPN_TM__TM under FS_HEPN_TM. causal_graphs: - graph_id: fs_hepn_tm_locus_restricts_phage title: FS-HEPN-TM loci confer bacterial phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of an FS_HEPN_TM locus to broad mobile-element defense without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures FS-HEPN-TM as a named DefenseFinder two-profile system in the Fillol-Salom PICI defense family while leaving its natural host breadth, helper-phage trigger, HEPN-family substrate, and transmembrane partner function unresolved. nodes: - node_id: fs_hepn_tm_locus label: FS_HEPN_TM locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A DefenseFinder FS_HEPN_TM phage-defense locus represented by HEPN-family and transmembrane profiles. - node_id: pici_encoded_mobile_element_defense label: PICI-encoded mobile-element defense node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Defense by phage-inducible chromosomal island loci against phage reproduction, plasmid transfer, or non-cognate PICI transfer. - node_id: fs_hepn_tm_system_trait label: FS-HEPN-TM system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000347 description: Possession of a genome-encoded FS-HEPN-TM phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: fs_hepn_tm_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: pici_encoded_mobile_element_defense description: DefenseFinder maps FS_HEPN_TM to the Fillol-Salom et al. PICI-encoded immunity study and models it as a two-profile system requiring HEPN-family and transmembrane profiles. evidence: - reference: PMID:35985290 snippet: the phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs), carry an impressive arsenal of defense mechanisms notes: Fillol-Salom et al. support PICI loci as carriers of phage and mobile-element defense mechanisms. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: FS_HEPN_TM | 10\.1016/j\.cell\.2022\.07\.014 | Bacteriophages benefit from mobilizing pathogenicity islands encoding immune systems against competitors notes: The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named FS_HEPN_TM system to the Fillol-Salom et al. PICI defense-system paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "FS_HEPN_TM\tFS_HEPN_TM\t2\t2\tFS_HEPN_TM__HEPN, FS_HEPN_TM__TM" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models FS_HEPN_TM as a two-profile system requiring the FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN and FS_HEPN_TM__TM profiles. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN | FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN | FS_HEPN_TM | PF05168.15 | 20 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN under FS_HEPN_TM. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: '| FS_HEPN_TM__TM | FS_HEPN_TM__TM | FS_HEPN_TM | Custom | 20 |' notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records FS_HEPN_TM__TM under FS_HEPN_TM. - subject: pici_encoded_mobile_element_defense predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: fs_hepn_tm_system_trait description: FS_HEPN_TM-associated mobile-element defense realizes the FS-HEPN-TM system trait. evidence: - reference: PMID:35985290 snippet: These defense systems provide broad immunity, blocking not only phage reproduction, but also plasmid and non-cognate PICI transfer. notes: Fillol-Salom et al. support PICI-encoded defense systems as broad mobile-element immunity determinants. - subject: fs_hepn_tm_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: FS-HEPN-TM system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: FS_HEPN_TM | 10\.1016/j\.cell\.2022\.07\.014 | Bacteriophages benefit from mobilizing pathogenicity islands encoding immune systems against competitors notes: The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named FS_HEPN_TM system to the Fillol-Salom et al. PICI defense-system paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "FS_HEPN_TM\tFS_HEPN_TM\t2\t2\tFS_HEPN_TM__HEPN, FS_HEPN_TM__TM" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models FS_HEPN_TM as a two-profile system requiring the FS_HEPN_TM__HEPN and FS_HEPN_TM__TM profiles. discussions: - discussion_id: fs-hepn-tm-mechanism-gap prompt: Resolve FS_HEPN_TM natural hosts, helper-phage triggers, HEPN-family substrates, and transmembrane partner activity before minting narrower FS_HEPN_TM mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Fillol-Salom et al. support phage-inducible chromosomal islands as carriers of defense systems that provide broad immunity, and DefenseFinder models FS_HEPN_TM as a two-profile HEPN/transmembrane system. Its exact natural host breadth, helper-phage trigger, substrate, and profile-to-activity mapping remain unresolved. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#fs_hepn_tm_locus_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-21' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-21T22:22:47Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted FS-HEPN-TM system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v224. llm_assisted: true