identifier: traitmech:000254 label: Olokun system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a two-component Olokun locus represented by OloA and OloB profiles that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection. definition_source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: Olokun synonym_type: EXACT_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments notes: Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort that DefenseFinder cites for Olokun as a bacterial anti-phage system. - reference: DOI:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447 snippet: discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments notes: The bioRxiv version of Millman et al. independently carries the 21-system discovery claim linked from DefenseFinder's Olokun article registry. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Olokun | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Olokun system to the Millman et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "Olokun\tOlokun\t2\t2\tOlokun__OloA, Olokun__OloB" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models Olokun with OloA and OloB profiles. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Olokun__OloA | Olokun__OloA | Olokun notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records OloA as an Olokun profile. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Olokun__OloB | Olokun__OloB | Olokun notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records OloB as an Olokun profile. causal_graphs: - graph_id: olokun_locus_restricts_phage title: Olokun loci confer bacterial phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of an Olokun locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures Olokun as a named anti-phage system with DefenseFinder OloA and OloB profile choices while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved. nodes: - node_id: olokun_locus label: Olokun locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: An Olokun anti-phage defense locus satisfying a DefenseFinder rule over OloA and OloB profiles. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced propagation of bacteriophage in cells carrying the Olokun system. - node_id: olokun_system_trait label: Olokun system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000254 description: Possession of a genome-encoded Olokun phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: olokun_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: DefenseFinder maps Olokun to a bacterial anti-phage-system discovery preprint and represents Olokun loci through OloA and OloB component profiles. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: Millman et al. describe the anti-phage discovery cohort that the DefenseFinder Olokun registry row maps to the Olokun system. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Olokun | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: The DefenseFinder registry maps Olokun itself to the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "Olokun\tOlokun\t2\t2\tOlokun__OloA, Olokun__OloB" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table supports OloA and OloB as Olokun system profile choices. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: olokun_system_trait description: Olokun-mediated phage restriction realizes the Olokun system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: Millman et al. place the Olokun discovery cohort in the set of bacterial systems that protect against phages. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Olokun | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: DefenseFinder records Olokun as a named system from the Millman et al. antiphage discovery preprint. - subject: olokun_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: Olokun system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: DefenseFinder associates Olokun with the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery paper. discussions: - discussion_id: olokun-mechanism-gap prompt: Resolve Olokun phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Olokun mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support Olokun as a named anti-phage system with OloA and OloB profile choices, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#olokun_locus_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-18' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-18T22:52:00Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted Olokun system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v131. llm_assisted: true