identifier: traitmech:000293 label: Oshun system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses an Oshun locus that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection. definition_source: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: Oshun synonym_type: EXACT_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md - synonym_text: OsnA2 synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Oshun among six Streptomyces systems that increased resistance to at least one phage. - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: The bacterial pangenome encodes an immense array of antiphage systems, yet much of their diversity remains uncharted notes: Mordret et al. motivate a conservative system-level record that does not assert a resolved Oshun trigger, effector output, or universal pathway. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Oshun | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Oshun system to the Mordret et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Oshun__OsnA2 | | Oshun notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records OsnA2 in the Oshun model namespace. causal_graphs: - graph_id: oshun_locus_restricts_phage title: Oshun loci confer bacterial phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of an Oshun locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures Oshun as a named anti-phage system with an OsnA2 HMM profile entry while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved. nodes: - node_id: oshun_locus label: Oshun locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: An Oshun anti-phage defense locus cataloged in DefenseFinder with an OsnA2 HMM profile entry. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced propagation of bacteriophage in cells carrying the Oshun system. - node_id: oshun_system_trait label: Oshun system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000293 description: Possession of a genome-encoded Oshun phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: oshun_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: DefenseFinder maps Oshun to a protein- and genomic-language-model antiphage-system discovery preprint and catalogs an OsnA2 HMM profile entry in the Oshun model namespace. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Oshun among six Streptomyces systems that restricted at least one phage. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Oshun | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: The DefenseFinder registry maps Oshun itself to the Mordret et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Oshun__OsnA2 | | Oshun notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records OsnA2 in the Oshun model namespace. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: oshun_system_trait description: Oshun-mediated phage restriction realizes the Oshun system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Oshun among six systems that increased resistance to at least one phage. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Oshun | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: DefenseFinder records Oshun as a named system from the Mordret et al. antiphage discovery preprint. - subject: oshun_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: Oshun system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Oshun | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses |' notes: DefenseFinder associates Oshun with the Mordret et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint. discussions: - discussion_id: oshun-mechanism-gap prompt: Resolve Oshun phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Oshun mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Mordret et al. and DefenseFinder support Oshun as a named anti-phage system with an OsnA2 HMM profile entry, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#oshun_locus_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-19' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-19T21:03:41Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted Oshun system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v170. llm_assisted: true