identifier: traitmech:000290 label: Prithvi system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Prithvi locus that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection. definition_source: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: Prithvi synonym_type: EXACT_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md - synonym_text: PtvA synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Prithvi among six Streptomyces systems that increased resistance to at least one phage. - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: The bacterial pangenome encodes an immense array of antiphage systems, yet much of their diversity remains uncharted notes: Mordret et al. motivate a conservative system-level record that does not assert a resolved Prithvi trigger, effector output, or universal pathway. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Prithvi | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Prithvi system to the Mordret et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Prithvi__PtvA | | Prithvi notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PtvA in the Prithvi model namespace. causal_graphs: - graph_id: prithvi_locus_restricts_phage title: Prithvi loci confer bacterial phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Prithvi locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures Prithvi as a named anti-phage system with a PtvA DefenseFinder HMM profile entry while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved. nodes: - node_id: prithvi_locus label: Prithvi locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A Prithvi anti-phage defense locus cataloged in DefenseFinder with a PtvA HMM profile entry. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced propagation of bacteriophage in cells carrying the Prithvi system. - node_id: prithvi_system_trait label: Prithvi system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000290 description: Possession of a genome-encoded Prithvi phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: prithvi_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: DefenseFinder maps Prithvi to a protein- and genomic-language-model antiphage-system discovery preprint and catalogs a PtvA HMM profile entry in the Prithvi model namespace. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Prithvi among six Streptomyces systems that restricted at least one phage. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Prithvi | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: The DefenseFinder registry maps Prithvi itself to the Mordret et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: Prithvi__PtvA | | Prithvi notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PtvA in the Prithvi model namespace. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: prithvi_system_trait description: Prithvi-mediated phage restriction realizes the Prithvi system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1101/2025.01.08.631966 snippet: Among the remaining eight systems, six demonstrated increased resistance to at least one phage with more than 100 fold reduction in plaque forming units (PFU) (Figure 3a, Supplementary Figure 5). As Streptomyces are mostly soil dwelling bacteria, we named these systems after deities of the soil and earth (Ceres, Geb, Veles, Prithvi, Ukko and Oshun). notes: Mordret et al. directly name Prithvi among six systems that increased resistance to at least one phage. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: Prithvi | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses notes: DefenseFinder records Prithvi as a named system from the Mordret et al. antiphage discovery preprint. - subject: prithvi_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: Prithvi system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Prithvi | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631966 | Protein and genomic language models chart a vast landscape of antiphage defenses |' notes: DefenseFinder associates Prithvi with the Mordret et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint. discussions: - discussion_id: prithvi-mechanism-gap prompt: Resolve Prithvi phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Prithvi mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Mordret et al. and DefenseFinder support Prithvi as a named anti-phage system with a PtvA HMM profile entry, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#prithvi_locus_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-19' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-19T19:16:49Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted Prithvi system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v167. llm_assisted: true