identifier: traitmech:000411 label: RAZR system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a locus encoding a RAZR zinc-finger HEPN RNase that can form a phage-triggered higher-order ring complex, cleave RNA broadly, inhibit translation, and restrict phage propagation. definition_source: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: RAZR synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: assembles into an active, 24-meric ring notes: Zhang et al. define RAZR as a ring-activated zinc-finger RNase whose phage-triggered higher-order assembly generates an active 24-subunit ring. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: cleave RNA nonspecifically to inhibit translation and restrict phage propagation notes: Zhang et al. connect activated RAZR complexes to broad RNA cleavage, translational shutdown, and restriction of phage growth. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| RAZR | 10\.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 | Bacterial immune activation via supramolecular assembly with phage triggers |' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the named RAZR system to the Zhang et al. Nature article; the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md) and rules table (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv) do not list RAZR, so this row is name-to-paper evidence rather than model-component evidence. causal_graphs: - graph_id: razr_ring_trigger_restricts_phage title: RAZR ring assembly activates RNase defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking a RAZR locus and a phage ring trigger to RAZR oligomerization, nonspecific RNA cleavage, translation inhibition, phage-propagation restriction, and RAZR system possession. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures RAZR as a named phage-defense RNase activated by phage protein ring scaffolds while leaving natural hosts, the complete phage-trigger set, exact RNA-substrate preference, and profile-to-component DefenseFinder modeling unresolved. nodes: - node_id: razr_locus label: RAZR locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A bacterial locus encoding a ring-activated zinc-finger HEPN RNase. - node_id: phage_ring_trigger label: phage ring trigger node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Formation of a phage-encoded protein ring scaffold whose geometry can promote RAZR assembly. - node_id: razr_oligomerization label: RAZR oligomerization node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Assembly of RAZR into a higher-order active RNase ring around a phage protein ring scaffold. - node_id: nonspecific_rna_cleavage label: nonspecific RNA cleavage node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Broad RNA cleavage by activated RAZR ribonuclease complexes. - node_id: translation_inhibition label: translation inhibition node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Suppression of translation downstream of activated RAZR-mediated RNA cleavage. - node_id: phage_propagation label: phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Productive bacteriophage propagation. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Restriction of productive phage propagation in bacteria carrying activated RAZR defense. - node_id: razr_system_trait label: RAZR system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000411 description: Possession of a genome-encoded RAZR phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: razr_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: razr_oligomerization description: A RAZR locus encodes the RNase that assembles into an active phage-triggered ring complex. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: assembles into an active, 24-meric ring notes: Zhang et al. connect the RAZR bacterial immunity protein to phage-triggered active ring assembly. - subject: phage_ring_trigger predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: razr_oligomerization description: Phage-encoded ring scaffolds provide the geometry that activates RAZR assembly. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: formed by two unrelated phage proteins notes: Zhang et al. show that RAZR activation can be triggered by ring scaffolds from unrelated phage proteins. - subject: razr_oligomerization predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: nonspecific_rna_cleavage description: RAZR ring assembly activates broad RNase activity. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: enables RAZR to cleave RNA nonspecifically notes: Zhang et al. place nonspecific RNA cleavage downstream of RAZR complex formation. - subject: nonspecific_rna_cleavage predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: translation_inhibition description: Broad RAZR-mediated RNA cleavage inhibits cellular translation during phage infection. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: inhibit translation notes: Zhang et al. identify translation inhibition as an output of activated RAZR-mediated RNA cleavage. - subject: translation_inhibition predicate: mitigates predicate_id: METPO:2007407 object: phage_propagation description: Translation inhibition caused by RAZR activation restricts phage propagation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: restrict phage propagation notes: Zhang et al. connect RAZR-dependent translation inhibition to restricted phage propagation. - subject: translation_inhibition predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: RAZR-associated translation inhibition realizes restriction of phage propagation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: to inhibit translation and restrict phage propagation notes: Zhang et al. report that the same activated RAZR RNase output inhibits translation and restricts phage propagation. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: razr_system_trait description: RAZR-mediated phage restriction realizes the RAZR system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: cleave RNA nonspecifically to inhibit translation and restrict phage propagation notes: Zhang et al. support restricted phage propagation as an output of active RAZR defense complexes. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| RAZR | 10\.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 | Bacterial immune activation via supramolecular assembly with phage triggers |' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the named RAZR system to the Zhang et al. Nature article; the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md) and rules table (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv) do not list RAZR, so this row is name-to-paper evidence rather than model-component evidence. - subject: razr_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: RAZR system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 snippet: assembles into an active, 24-meric ring notes: Zhang et al. frame RAZR as a bacterial immune RNase whose activated state restricts phage propagation. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| RAZR | 10\.1038/s41586-025-10060-8 | Bacterial immune activation via supramolecular assembly with phage triggers |' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the named RAZR system to the Zhang et al. Nature article; the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md) and rules table (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv) do not list RAZR, so this row is name-to-paper evidence rather than model-component evidence. discussions: - discussion_id: razr-trigger-model-gap prompt: Resolve RAZR natural hosts, phage ring triggers, RNA-substrate breadth, and model coverage before minting narrower RAZR mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Zhang et al. support RAZR as a ring-activated zinc-finger HEPN RNase that can oligomerize around unrelated phage ring scaffolds, but natural locus breadth, the full phage-trigger set, exact RNA-substrate preference, and absence from the pinned DefenseFinder HMM/rules rows need further review. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#razr_ring_trigger_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-27' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-27T15:45:19Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted RAZR system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; left canonical_examples empty until direct native-locus evidence supports a microbial exemplar; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v288. llm_assisted: true