identifier: traitmech:000529 label: Resolvase Schlafen system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a genome-encoded, resolvase-associated prokaryotic Schlafen nuclease locus. definition_source: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: Resolvase_Schlafen synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases are widespread antiviral effectors that protect bacteria from bacteriophages and are fused to a diverse array of phage-sensing domains. notes: Perez Taboada et al. support bacterial prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases as antiviral effectors fused to phage-sensing domains. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: We expressed seven Enterobacterales Schlafen systems in Escherichia coli, identifying two that confer defence against coliphages. notes: Perez Taboada et al. cloned candidate Enterobacterales Schlafen systems into E. coli and observed coliphage defense for two of them. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Resolvase_Schlafen | 10\.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 | Bacterial Schlafen proteins mediate phage defence | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Resolvase_Schlafen source key to the Perez Taboada et al. Schlafen phage-defense paper. causal_graphs: - graph_id: resolvase_schlafen_phage_defense title: Resolvase Schlafen loci support Schlafen phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking a Resolvase_Schlafen locus to prokaryotic Schlafen nuclease antiviral activity and the phage-defense parent. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures the DefenseFinder Resolvase_Schlafen article namespace at system level and deliberately leaves the exact locus architecture, the resolvase-associated domain boundary, accession-level protein examples, native host exemplars, phage trigger breadth, and DefenseFinder HMM/rules profiles unresolved. nodes: - node_id: resolvase_schlafen_locus label: Resolvase Schlafen locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A locus encoding a prokaryotic Schlafen nuclease in a resolvase-associated anti-phage system. - node_id: schlafen_antiviral_activity label: Schlafen antiviral activity node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Anti-phage activity mediated by a prokaryotic Schlafen nuclease. - node_id: resolvase_schlafen_system_trait label: Resolvase Schlafen system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000529 description: Possession of a genome-encoded resolvase-associated prokaryotic Schlafen phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system_trait label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: resolvase_schlafen_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: schlafen_antiviral_activity description: Resolvase_Schlafen loci are part of the bacterial prokaryotic Schlafen nuclease phage-defense family. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases are widespread antiviral effectors that protect bacteria from bacteriophages and are fused to a diverse array of phage-sensing domains. notes: Perez Taboada et al. support bacterial prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases as antiviral effectors fused to phage-sensing domains. - subject: schlafen_antiviral_activity predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: resolvase_schlafen_system_trait description: Prokaryotic Schlafen antiviral effector activity realizes the organism-level Resolvase Schlafen system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases are widespread antiviral effectors that protect bacteria from bacteriophages and are fused to a diverse array of phage-sensing domains. notes: Perez Taboada et al. support bacterial prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases as antiviral effectors fused to phage-sensing domains. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Resolvase_Schlafen | 10\.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 | Bacterial Schlafen proteins mediate phage defence | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Resolvase_Schlafen source key to the Perez Taboada et al. Schlafen phage-defense paper. - subject: resolvase_schlafen_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system_trait description: Resolvase Schlafen system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: We expressed seven Enterobacterales Schlafen systems in Escherichia coli, identifying two that confer defence against coliphages. notes: Perez Taboada et al. cloned candidate Enterobacterales Schlafen systems into E. coli and observed coliphage defense for two of them. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Resolvase_Schlafen | 10\.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 | Bacterial Schlafen proteins mediate phage defence | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Resolvase_Schlafen source key to the Perez Taboada et al. Schlafen phage-defense paper. discussions: - discussion_id: resolvase-schlafen-defensefinder-profile-gap prompt: Resolve exact Resolvase_Schlafen locus architecture, resolvase-associated domain boundaries, natural host exemplars, phage trigger breadth, and DefenseFinder HMM/rules coverage before minting narrower Resolvase Schlafen mechanism or component traits. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Perez Taboada et al. support prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases as widespread antiviral effectors fused to phage-sensing domains, and the pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Resolvase_Schlafen key to the same article. The pinned HMM inventory and rules table have no exact Schlafen rows. This first-pass record therefore does not resolve whether the exact Resolvase_Schlafen architecture is a single-protein fusion or multi-gene locus, its exact resolvase-associated domain boundaries, natural host exemplars, accession-level Schlafen proteins, full phage trigger breadth, or a reusable DefenseFinder profile model. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases are widespread antiviral effectors that protect bacteria from bacteriophages and are fused to a diverse array of phage-sensing domains. notes: Perez Taboada et al. support bacterial prokaryotic Schlafen nucleases as antiviral effectors fused to phage-sensing domains. - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 snippet: We expressed seven Enterobacterales Schlafen systems in Escherichia coli, identifying two that confer defence against coliphages. notes: Perez Taboada et al. cloned candidate Enterobacterales Schlafen systems into E. coli and observed coliphage defense for two of them. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: '| Resolvase_Schlafen | 10\.1038/s41564-026-02277-8 | Bacterial Schlafen proteins mediate phage defence | ' notes: The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Resolvase_Schlafen source key to the Perez Taboada et al. Schlafen phage-defense paper. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md notes: A structured first-pass search of the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory found no exact Resolvase_Schlafen, Schlafen, or resolvase row for this system. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv notes: A structured first-pass search of the pinned DefenseFinder rules table found no exact Resolvase_Schlafen, Schlafen, or resolvase system row for this system. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#resolvase_schlafen_phage_defense posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-01' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-10-01T23:10:00Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted Resolvase Schlafen system as a DOI- and DefenseFinder-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under the phage defense system parent after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v406. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-10-01T23:10:01Z' curator: codex action: REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP changes: Reviewed Resolvase Schlafen system during initial curation and left canonical_examples empty because Perez Taboada et al. and the pinned DefenseFinder article registry support the Resolvase_Schlafen system namespace, but not an accession-backed native microbial taxon exemplar for the exact Resolvase_Schlafen source key. No paid research was used. llm_assisted: true