identifier: traitmech:000256 label: RosmerTA system definition: A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a two-component RosmerTA locus represented by RmrA and RmrT profiles that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection. definition_source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 trait_category: GENOMICS term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000209 synonyms: - synonym_text: RosmerTA synonym_type: EXACT_SYNONYM source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments notes: Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort that DefenseFinder cites for RosmerTA as a bacterial anti-phage system. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: RosmerTA | 10\.1016/j\.chom\.2022\.09\.017 | An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named RosmerTA system to the Millman et al. Cell Host & Microbe article; the RosmerTA row in the pinned registry uses the final article DOI and title rather than the bioRxiv preprint DOI used by sibling Millman-system rows. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "RosmerTA\tRosmerTA\t2\t2\tRosmerTA__RmrA_2585209417, RosmerTA__RmrT_2585209417" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table models RosmerTA with RmrA and RmrT profiles. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: RosmerTA__RmrA_2585209417 | RosmerTA__RmrA_2585209417 | RosmerTA notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records RmrA as a RosmerTA profile. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md snippet: RosmerTA__RmrT_2585209417 | RosmerTA__RmrT_2585209417 | RosmerTA notes: The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records RmrT as a RosmerTA profile. causal_graphs: - graph_id: rosmerta_locus_restricts_phage title: RosmerTA loci confer bacterial phage defense description: Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a RosmerTA locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output. scope_status: NONMECHANISTIC scope_notes: The graph captures RosmerTA as a named anti-phage system with the required DefenseFinder RmrA and RmrT profiles while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved. nodes: - node_id: rosmerta_locus label: RosmerTA locus node_type: GENETIC_ELEMENT description: A RosmerTA anti-phage defense locus satisfying a DefenseFinder rule over RmrA and RmrT profiles. - node_id: restricted_phage_propagation label: restricted phage propagation node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Reduced propagation of bacteriophage in cells carrying the RosmerTA system. - node_id: rosmerta_system_trait label: RosmerTA system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000256 description: Possession of a genome-encoded RosmerTA phage-defense system. - node_id: phage_defense_system label: phage defense system node_type: TRAIT grounding: traitmech:000209 description: Possession of one or more genome-encoded immune systems that inhibit bacteriophage infection. edges: - subject: rosmerta_locus predicate: contributes to predicate_id: RO:0002326 object: restricted_phage_propagation description: DefenseFinder maps RosmerTA to a bacterial anti-phage-system discovery paper and represents RosmerTA loci through RmrA and RmrT component profiles. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: Millman et al. describe the anti-phage discovery cohort that the DefenseFinder RosmerTA registry row maps to the RosmerTA system. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: RosmerTA | 10\.1016/j\.chom\.2022\.09\.017 | An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: The DefenseFinder registry maps RosmerTA itself to the final Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system paper, unlike sibling rows from the same discovery cohort that still point at the bioRxiv preprint. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv snippet: "RosmerTA\tRosmerTA\t2\t2\tRosmerTA__RmrA_2585209417, RosmerTA__RmrT_2585209417" notes: The DefenseFinder rules table supports both RmrA and RmrT as required RosmerTA system profiles. - subject: restricted_phage_propagation predicate: confers predicate_id: METPO:2007700 object: rosmerta_system_trait description: RosmerTA-mediated phage restriction realizes the RosmerTA system trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 snippet: discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: Millman et al. place the RosmerTA discovery cohort in the set of bacterial systems that protect against phages. - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: RosmerTA | 10\.1016/j\.chom\.2022\.09\.017 | An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: DefenseFinder records RosmerTA as a named system from the final Millman et al. antiphage-system paper rather than the bioRxiv preprint used by the neighboring Millman cohort rows. - subject: rosmerta_system_trait predicate: is a predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf object: phage_defense_system description: RosmerTA system possession is a phage-defense-system trait. evidence: - reference: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md snippet: An expanded arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages notes: DefenseFinder associates RosmerTA with the final Cell Host & Microbe version of the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery paper. discussions: - discussion_id: rosmerta-mechanism-gap prompt: Resolve RosmerTA phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower RosmerTA mechanism children. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support RosmerTA as a named anti-phage system with required RmrA and RmrT profiles, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait. attaches_to: - causal_graphs#rosmerta_locus_restricts_phage posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-09-18' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-09-18T23:49:00Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Minted RosmerTA system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v133. llm_assisted: true