identifier: traitmech:000679 label: fungal adhesive-knob trap formation definition: A morphological phenotype in which a fungus forms unicellular knobs at hyphal apices that serve as adhesive nematode traps. definition_source: DOI:10.1128/AEM.01390-13 trait_category: MORPHOLOGY term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000718 evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.01390-13 snippet: The trap of M. haptotylum consists of a unicellular structure called a knob that develops at the apex of a hypha. notes: Andersson et al. (2013), scientific Abstract; primary publisher HTML https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AEM.01390-13. Introduction, Culture Methods, relevant Results/Discussion and Conclusion, and actual Figure 1 were inspected. CBS 200.50 formed knobs in aerated liquid culture. Figure 1 shows residual attached knobs and isolated knobs after filtration, not a capture time course. Detachment is a culture observation, not a defining requirement. Proteomic and transcript changes do not establish causal functions of individual proteins; WSC adhesion roles remain hypotheses. Supplements were not used to assert protein mechanisms. - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.02.027 snippet: The adhesive knobs were produced frequently on nutritional agar plates even in the absence of challenging nematodes. notes: 'Liu, Liu and Zhuang (2005), scientific Abstract, directly retrieved from the primary publisher https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article/245/1/99/483775 (minimal-article redirect). Abstract-only access: full Methods and figures were not retrieved. Orbilia querci material came from rotten Quercus wood in Huai-rou County, Beijing, and pure culture from ascospores. The authors report nematode capture with adhesive stalked knobs. Formation without added prey under these conditions excludes an obligatory prey-induction definition; neither medium nor stalk length is universal. The reported Dactylellina querci anamorph name is source terminology, not an independently verified current taxonomic equivalence.' canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:1284197 taxon_label: Dactylellina haptotyla CBS 200.50 reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.01390-13 note: Source-named Monacrosporium haptotylum CBS 200.50. Live NCBI https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&id=1284197 resolves rank strain, the exact label Dactylellina haptotyla CBS 200.50 and the historical name. Zhou et al. (2018), DOI:10.1080/23802359.2018.1507650, body paragraph 2, directly read primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7801010/fullTextXML, reports collection from a decaying leaf in a pond at Chelsea Physic Garden, London, by M.P. Peach in 1948. That genome study is strain-provenance support, not an independent knob-formation experiment. The unperturbed natural-origin strain example is qualified by the 2013 culture conditions, not every isolate or field biocontrol efficacy. discussions: - discussion_id: adhesive-knob-scope-and-parent prompt: Resolve a closer fungal trap-morphology parent. kind: CURATION_TODO status: RESOLVED rationale: Phenotype METPO:1000059 is a broad parent. Existing mycelial growth traitmech:000074 explicitly concerns bacteria; hyphal anastomosis traitmech:000605 concerns fusion. Distinguish unicellular adhesive knobs from multicellular adhesive nets, adhesive columns, nonconstricting rings and mechanically constricting rings. Auxiliary cells and appressoria have different biological roles; a generic rounded hyphal tip or nematophagous genus is not sufficient. Detachment, a particular stalk length and nematode induction are not defining requirements. Formation alone does not demonstrate adhesion or successful capture in every condition. No exact synonyms, xrefs, SSSOM equivalences or organism-level disjointness are asserted; closer hierarchy remains open. posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-08' resolved_date: '2026-10-13' resolution_note: Added fungal nematode-trap formation traitmech:000718 as the direct broader phenotype. The existing child definition entails specialized hyphal trap differentiation. This resolves only the parent gap; the historical scope contrasts, unasserted mappings, examples and separate mechanism questions remain applicable. Formation does not guarantee immediate capture. The column cell-count question is separately OPEN. Preserve the historical phenotype axiom and add METPO:1063200 SubClassOf METPO:1067100 on upstream adoption. - discussion_id: adhesive-knob-mechanism prompt: Separate knob morphogenesis from adhesion and infection mechanisms. kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP status: OPEN rationale: Sequence features and expression correlations alone do not establish a necessary or sufficient gene effect. A protein-resolved causal graph requires perturbation and complementation evidence, relevant remaining figures and supplements, and taxon-paired accessions. Formation, adhesion, capture, penetration and digestion remain separate endpoints. No universal lectin, WSC-domain protein or signaling-gene requirement is asserted; mechanism is deferred, not claimed absent. Taxonomic membership alone does not establish this phenotype. posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-08' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-10-08T11:29:45Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Added fungal adhesive-knob trap formation with two independent primary DOI sources, contiguous snippets and a natural-origin strain example. Ignored-and-hidden main/worktree/open-PR checks support 000679 and v555 block 1063200-1063299. Distinguished abstract-only access and provenance-only support; separated morphology from sequence-derived mechanism hypotheses. Existing records unchanged. Timestamp is observed UTC. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-10-13T13:31:56Z' curator: codex action: REFINE_FUNGAL_TRAP_PARENT changes: Refined traitmech:000679 below fungal nematode-trap formation traitmech:000718 and resolved its temporary parent discussion by definition-based inference. Preserved child identity, definition, evidence, examples, mechanism gaps and earlier history. llm_assisted: true