identifier: METPO:1000703 label: non motile definition: A motility in which an organism lacks the ability to move independently under its own power. definition_source: DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1514643 trait_category: MORPHOLOGY term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: REVIEWED parent_traits: - METPO:1000701 synonyms: - synonym_text: 'no' synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: metpo.owl - synonym_text: non-motile synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: metpo.owl evidence: - reference: DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1514643 snippet: They are Gram-negative, non-motile rods notes: 'Organism example: Klebsiella pneumoniae is described as non-motile.' - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090832 snippet: flagellum notes: Bacterial flagellum review supports the absence or non-expression of the flagellar apparatus as the basis for non-motile phenotypes. canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:573 taxon_label: Klebsiella pneumoniae note: "non-motile enteric" reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519004/ - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:1313 taxon_label: Streptococcus pneumoniae note: "non-motile coccus" reference: PMID:34779760 causal_graphs: - graph_id: non_motile_absent_motility_apparatus title: Non-motile absent motility apparatus description: DOI-backed graph linking absence or non-expression of the flagellar or pilus-based motility apparatus to the non-motile phenotype. nodes: - node_id: non_motile_trait label: non motile node_type: TRAIT grounding: METPO:1000703 description: Lack of self-powered cellular movement. - node_id: absent_flagellum label: absent or non-expressed flagellum node_type: ORGANELLE description: Genomic absence or silenced expression of the flagellar apparatus. grounding: GO:0009288 - node_id: absent_motility_pili label: absent motility pili node_type: ORGANELLE description: Lack of type IV or other motility-associated pili. - node_id: no_propulsion label: no propulsion node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Inability to generate self-motive force. - node_id: flagellum_biogenesis_disruption label: disrupted flagellum biogenesis node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Loss-of-function mutations affecting assembly of a functional flagellum. - node_id: c_di_gmp_high label: high intracellular cyclic di-GMP node_type: CHEMICAL description: Elevated second-messenger c-di-GMP that signals a sessile lifestyle. - node_id: flagellar_gene_repression label: repression of flagellar gene expression node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Downregulation of flagellar structural and regulatory genes. - node_id: flhdc_master_operon label: flhDC flagellar master operon node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: Master regulatory operon controlling the flagellar transcriptional hierarchy. - node_id: wspr_dgc label: WspR diguanylate cyclase node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: Diguanylate cyclase that synthesizes c-di-GMP when activated. - node_id: reduced_motility_state label: reduced or absent motility node_type: STATE description: Diminished flagellar motility that can manifest as a non-motile phenotype. edges: - subject: absent_flagellum predicate: prevents object: no_propulsion description: Without a flagellum cells cannot generate flagellar propulsion. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090832 snippet: flagellum notes: Supports the flagellum as the major bacterial motility organelle. predicate_id: RO:0002212 - subject: absent_motility_pili predicate: prevents object: no_propulsion description: Without motility pili cells cannot generate twitching or related pilus-driven movement. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2218 snippet: type IV pili notes: Type-IV-pili review supports type IV pili as the cellular basis for twitching motility (and their absence as the basis for non-twitching/non-motile phenotype). predicate_id: RO:0002212 - subject: no_propulsion predicate: manifests as object: non_motile_trait description: Lack of propulsion manifests the non-motile trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1514643 snippet: They are Gram-negative, non-motile rods notes: Supports the trait endpoint in a representative organism. predicate_id: METPO:2007400 - subject: flagellum_biogenesis_disruption predicate: prevents object: no_propulsion description: Disrupted flagellum biogenesis yields a non-functional flagellum and loss of propulsion. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1186/s12866-024-03387-1 notes: flagellum biogenesis was affected in mutants and lack of functional flagellum confirmed in motility assays. predicate_id: RO:0002212 - subject: wspr_dgc predicate: increases amount of object: c_di_gmp_high description: WspR diguanylate cyclase produces c-di-GMP when phosphorylated, raising intracellular levels. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/aem.01548-23 notes: WspR produces c-di-GMP when phosphorylated; high c-di-GMP represses motility. - subject: c_di_gmp_high predicate: causes object: flagellar_gene_repression description: High c-di-GMP causes FleQ to cease activating flagellar genes, repressing flagellar gene expression. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/jb.00365-23 notes: At high c-di-GMP, FleQ ceases to activate flagellar genes. predicate_id: biolink:causes - subject: flhdc_master_operon predicate: positively regulates object: flagellar_gene_repression description: Repression of the flhDC master operon decreases flagellar gene expression; included as the master-regulator control point. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.3390/foods13223709 notes: OmpR binds the flhDC operon promoter and represses transcription, decreasing flagellar gene expression and motility. - subject: flagellar_gene_repression predicate: causes object: reduced_motility_state description: Repression of flagellar genes leads to reduced or absent motility. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/jb.00365-23 notes: Loss of flagellar gene activation lowers motility, which can manifest as a non-motile state. predicate_id: biolink:causes - subject: reduced_motility_state predicate: manifests as object: non_motile_trait description: Sufficiently reduced/absent motility manifests the non-motile trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/aem.01548-23 notes: Elevated c-di-GMP regulatory output yields a non-motile mutant phenotype. predicate_id: METPO:2007400 curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-05-05T01:35:46.905968+00:00' curator: seed_from_metpo action: SEEDED_FROM_METPO changes: imported from data/raw/metpo.owl (CLASS) llm_assisted: false - timestamp: '2026-05-06T14:40:41-07:00' curator: codex action: CURATED_WITH_ORGANISM_EXAMPLE changes: Added Klebsiella pneumoniae organism example with PMID-backed evidence. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-11T23:00:00-07:00' curator: claude action: CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added DOI-backed causal graph linking absence or non-expression of flagellar and pilus motility apparatus to the non-motile phenotype. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-13T22:45:00-07:00' curator: codex action: IMPROVED_CAUSAL_GRAPH_EVIDENCE changes: Replaced Klebsiella non-motile PMID fallback with the article DOI in definition, record evidence, and CausalEdge evidence. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-23T21:30:07Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2007400×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-13T21:03:26Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 2 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (RO:0002212×2). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-23T00:00:00Z' curator: claude action: ENRICH_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added 6 evidence-backed generic edges (6 new nodes) from the deep-research report. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:21:13Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 4 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (biolink:causes×2, RO:0002212×1, METPO:2007400×1). llm_assisted: true