identifier: METPO:1005037
label: subpolar flagellation
definition: A motility phenotype in which flagella are located near but not at the
  cell pole.
trait_category: MORPHOLOGY
term_kind: CLASS
mapping_status: SEEDED
parent_traits:
- traitmech:000056
curation_history:
- timestamp: '2026-09-11T08:29:17Z'
  curator: seed_from_metpo
  action: SEEDED_FROM_METPO
  changes: imported from data/raw/metpo.owl (CLASS)
- timestamp: '2026-09-11T08:30:00Z'
  curator: codex
  action: ENRICHED_FROM_LITERATURE
  changes: Enriched the seeded METPO subpolar flagellation phenotype with DOI-backed
    subpolar-flagella evidence after a repository-wide duplicate review covering ignored
    and hidden files.
  llm_assisted: true
definition_source: DOI:10.1128/JB.01405-06
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1128/JB.01405-06
  snippet: The cell has two sets of flagellar systems, one thick flagellum and a few
    thin flagella, uniquely growing at subpolar positions.
  notes: Kanbe et al. describe two morphologically distinct Bradyrhizobium flagellar
    systems that both emerge from subpolar positions.
- reference: DOI:10.3390/biom10050774
  snippet: Under the growth conditions commonly used in the laboratory, a single subpolar
    flagellum that traverses the cell membrane, is assembled on the surface.
  notes: Camarena and Dreyfus review the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Fla1 system as a
    second bacterial example of subpolar flagellation.
canonical_examples:
- taxon_id: NCBITaxon:224911
  taxon_label: Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110
  note: Kanbe et al. directly observed subpolar thick and thin flagella in Bradyrhizobium
    japonicum 110spc4, a derivative of USDA 110 now assigned by NCBI to B. diazoefficiens.
  reference: DOI:10.1128/JB.01405-06