identifier: METPO:1000695 label: tailed shaped definition: A cell shape in which an organism has an elongated polar appendage or stalk extending from the cell body. definition_source: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.061705.103240 trait_category: MORPHOLOGY term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: REVIEWED parent_traits: - METPO:1000666 synonyms: - synonym_text: tailed synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: metpo.owl evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.061705.103240 snippet: prosthecate bacteria notes: Prosthecate-bacteria review supports tailed/stalked cell morphology in Caulobacter and related lineages. - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 snippet: polar growth notes: Cell-shape review supports unipolar peptidoglycan growth as the basis for stalk-like polar appendages. causal_graphs: - graph_id: tailed_shaped_polar_stalk_growth title: Tailed-shape polar stalk extension description: DOI-backed graph linking unipolar peptidoglycan growth and stalk outgrowth to tailed cell morphology. nodes: - node_id: tailed_shaped_trait label: tailed shaped node_type: TRAIT grounding: METPO:1000695 description: Cell body bearing an elongated polar appendage or stalk. - node_id: unipolar_pg_growth label: unipolar peptidoglycan growth node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Polar wall synthesis localized at a single cell pole. - node_id: stalk_outgrowth label: stalk outgrowth node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Extension of a narrow cytoplasmic stalk from one pole. - node_id: polar_appendage label: polar appendage node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Resulting elongated polar structure. - node_id: bactofilin_polymers label: bactofilin polymers node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: Cytoskeletal scaffold polymers that organize polar stalk synthesis. - node_id: stalk_base label: stalk base node_type: CELLULAR_LOCALIZATION description: The cell-pole site where stalk synthesis is initiated and confined. - node_id: pg_biosynthesis_at_stalk_base label: peptidoglycan biosynthesis at stalk base node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Cell wall synthesis spatially restricted to the stalk base. - node_id: cell_wall_synthase label: cell wall synthase node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: Peptidoglycan synthase recruited to extend the stalk. - node_id: mreb label: MreB node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: Bacterial actin homolog directing cell-wall synthesis for stalk formation. grounding: UniProtKB:A0A1B1UYY2 - node_id: roda label: RodA node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN description: SEDS peptidoglycan polymerase required for stalk elongation. grounding: UniProtKB:A0A0H2X1V4 - node_id: phosphate_starvation label: phosphate starvation node_type: ENVIRONMENTAL_FACTOR description: Phosphate-limited growth condition that induces stalk elongation. edges: - subject: unipolar_pg_growth predicate: regulates object: stalk_outgrowth description: Unipolar PG growth at the same cell pole drives stalk extension. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.061705.103240 snippet: prosthecate bacteria notes: Supports polar wall growth as the mechanism extending the stalk. predicate_id: RO:0002211 - subject: stalk_outgrowth predicate: produces object: polar_appendage description: Stalk outgrowth produces an elongated polar appendage. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.061705.103240 snippet: prosthecate bacteria notes: Supports stalk extension as a prosthecate-cell feature. predicate_id: METPO:2000202 - subject: polar_appendage predicate: manifests as object: tailed_shaped_trait description: A polar appendage manifests the tailed-shaped trait. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.061705.103240 snippet: prosthecate bacteria notes: Supports the trait endpoint. predicate_id: METPO:2007400 - subject: bactofilin_polymers predicate: localizes to object: stalk_base description: Bactofilin polymers localize to the stalk base to direct proper stalk formation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.7554/eLife.86577 notes: In C. crescentus and A. biprosthecum bactofilin polymers localize to the stalk base to direct proper stalk formation. predicate_id: biolink:located_in - subject: bactofilin_polymers predicate: regulates object: pg_biosynthesis_at_stalk_base description: Bactofilins limit peptidoglycan biosynthesis to the stalk base, confining wall growth spatially. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.7554/eLife.86577 notes: Required to efficiently initiate stalk formation and limit peptidoglycan biosynthesis to the stalk base. predicate_id: RO:0002211 - subject: bactofilin_polymers predicate: recruits object: cell_wall_synthase description: Bactofilins recruit a cell wall synthase that contributes to stalk elongation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.7554/eLife.86577 notes: In C. crescentus, they recruit a cell wall synthase that contributes to stalk elongation. - subject: cell_wall_synthase predicate: positively regulates object: stalk_outgrowth description: The recruited cell wall synthase contributes to stalk elongation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.7554/eLife.86577 notes: Recruited cell wall synthase contributes to stalk elongation. - subject: mreb predicate: required for object: stalk_outgrowth description: MreB is necessary for stalk formation; depletion causes a stalk elongation defect. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/jb.00384-22 notes: MreB and RodA are necessary for stalk formation, as depletion of either protein results in a stalk elongation defect. - subject: roda predicate: required for object: stalk_outgrowth description: RodA (SEDS PG polymerase) is necessary for stalk formation; depletion causes a stalk elongation defect. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/jb.00384-22 notes: MreB and RodA are necessary for stalk formation, as depletion of either protein results in a stalk elongation defect. - subject: phosphate_starvation predicate: induces object: stalk_outgrowth description: Phosphate starvation induces elongated stalks. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/jb.00384-22 notes: Cells starved of phosphate grow elongated stalks. curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-05-05T01:35:46.900946+00:00' curator: seed_from_metpo action: SEEDED_FROM_METPO changes: imported from data/raw/metpo.owl (CLASS) llm_assisted: false - timestamp: '2026-05-11T22:45:00-07:00' curator: claude action: CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added DOI-backed definition and causal graph linking unipolar peptidoglycan growth and stalk outgrowth to tailed cell morphology. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-20T03:35:31Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2000202×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-23T21:30:07Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2007400×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:13:19Z' curator: claude action: RENAME_PREDICATE_LABELS changes: 'Renamed 1 causal-edge predicate label(s) to align with existing groundings: drives → regulates ×1.' llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:13:22Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (RO:0002211×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-23T00:00:00Z' curator: claude action: ENRICH_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added 7 evidence-backed generic edges (7 new nodes) from the deep-research report. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:21:14Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 2 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (biolink:located_in×1, RO:0002211×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:21:19Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv (UniProtKB:A0A1B1UYY2×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-26T07:15:20Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv (UniProtKB:A0A0H2X1V4×1). llm_assisted: true