identifier: traitmech:000625
label: automixis
definition: A reproductive phenotype in which the reduction of reproductive nuclear
  ploidy is prevented or compensated and progeny derive their reproductive nuclei
  solely from products of one meiotically dividing cell or their descendants.
definition_source: DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01761.x
trait_category: PHYSIOLOGY
term_kind: CLASS
mapping_status: PROPOSED
parent_traits:
- METPO:1000059
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1986.tb01761.x
  snippet: Automixis describes several reproductive processes whereby a new individual
    derives from a product or products of a single meiotically dividing cell.
  notes: Mogie (1986), scientific abstract directly read on Wiley. Terminology authority,
    not a new microbial experiment. Its scope includes fusion and non-fusion routes,
    restitutional meiosis and endomitosis before or after reductional meiosis. The
    ploidy clause distinguishes ordinary reduced meiotic progeny; reproductive nuclei
    excludes a universal somatic-ploidy requirement. Do not classify every route as
    sexual. The abstract contrasts botanical/mycological autogamous selfing involving
    different meioses, not our operational same-cell autogamy. Full text and actual
    figures remain unread.
- reference: DOI:10.1186/s13059-021-02521-w
  snippet: Mating of gametes from the same meiotic event represents a particular type
    of inbreeding referred to as intratetrad mating or automixis
  notes: Papaioannou et al. (2021), PMID:34732243, PMC8567612, Background clause checked
    in publisher HTML and Europe PMC full-text XML. Scientific abstract, Results,
    Discussion and main Methods read; actual Figure 1 and all Table S1 pages visually
    inspected. Figure 1C depicts the automictic life cycle with NBRC 1722 and its
    diploid progenitor NBRC 1721. It is not a measured automixis rate. This fusion-based
    usage is narrower than Mogie's scope. Recombination experiments do not establish
    universal homozygosity or zero recombination. Other figures and detailed supplementary
    methods remain unread.
canonical_examples:
- taxon_id: NCBITaxon:36035
  taxon_label: Saccharomycodes ludwigii
  reference: DOI:10.1186/s13059-021-02521-w
  note: 'Qualified NBRC 1721 strain-family example in Figure 1C; not a strain-specific
    automixis-frequency measurement. Table S1 p.1 and p.3 footnote 2 identify NBRC
    1721 as a wild diploid isolate from grape must, Japan, 1964. NBRC 1722 is a single-spore
    descendant, not that wild parent or an engineered deletion strain. Provenance:
    https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/esm/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13059-021-02521-w/MediaObjects/13059_2021_2521_MOESM1_ESM.pdf.
    NCBI taxonomy EFetch on 2026-10-05 confirmed the species name at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=36035;
    no genome accession is authenticated.'
discussions:
- discussion_id: automixis-scope-and-hierarchy
  prompt: Preserve source-specific meanings of self-fertilization terms.
  kind: CURATION_TODO
  status: OPEN
  rationale: Mogie's broad reproductive class is not exclusively nuclear fusion or
    exclusively sexual reproduction. The operational autogamy traitmech:000622, cytogamy
    traitmech:000623 and paedogamy traitmech:000624 fit as narrower same-cell-origin
    routes; postmeiotic mitosis is allowed. Kaczmarska et al. DOI:10.1080/0269249X.2013.791344
    section 5.2 directly names autogamy and paedogamy as automixis in diatoms. This
    does not make all botanical autogamy equivalent. Cytogamy's existing 1979 evidence
    supports same-parent meiotic origin despite cell pairing; cytoplasmic exchange
    is not nuclear outcrossing. Same-clone mating after different meioses is insufficient.
    Fungal homothallism, heterothallism and intratetrad mating are not exact synonyms
    of this broad class. External equivalences and narrower non-fusion microbial exemplars
    remain unresolved.
  posed_by: codex
  posed_date: '2026-10-05'
- discussion_id: automixis-mechanism-and-coverage
  prompt: Resolve route-specific mechanisms without universal genetic claims.
  kind: KNOWLEDGE_GAP
  status: OPEN
  rationale: A reproductive phenotype, not a literal mating locus or sequence feature.
    No single protein pathway is established for all fusion and non-fusion routes,
    so no causal graph or protein accessions are asserted. Do not infer universal
    homozygosity, central fusion, absence of outcrossing, or disjoint taxa from event-level
    distinctions. Retain actual snippet-resolver outcomes separately from direct source
    checks.
  posed_by: codex
  posed_date: '2026-10-05'
curation_history:
- timestamp: '2026-10-05T18:20:28Z'
  curator: codex
  action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID
  changes: Added automixis with two DOI-backed snippets and a qualified natural yeast
    strain-family example. Ignored-and-hidden novelty and allocation searches found
    no exact record or collision. Reserved METPO:1057800 in v501; broadened beyond
    fusion-only terminology and deferred universal molecular mechanisms.
  llm_assisted: true