identifier: METPO:1000634 label: chemoautolithotrophic definition: A trophic type in which an organism uses chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds as the energy source and carbon dioxide as the primary carbon source for biosynthesis. definition_source: DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00219-X trait_category: PHYSIOLOGY term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: REVIEWED parent_traits: - METPO:1000631 synonyms: - synonym_text: chemoautolithotroph synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM source: metpo.owl created_by: Luke Wang evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00219-X snippet: oxidize inorganic atoms or molecules notes: Review supports inorganic compound oxidation as lithotrophic energy metabolism. - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 snippet: autotrophic CO2 fixation notes: Minireview supports microbial carbon dioxide fixation pathways. - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485 snippet: Chemolitho-autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria notes: Review supports ammonia oxidation as a chemolithoautotrophic example. canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:915 taxon_label: Nitrosomonas europaea note: "ammonia chemolithoautotroph" reference: PMID:12700255 - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:920 taxon_label: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans note: "iron/sulfur chemolithoautotroph" reference: PMID:19077236 causal_graphs: - graph_id: chemoautolithotrophic_inorganic_energy_co2_fixation title: Chemoautolithotrophic inorganic energy and CO2 fixation description: DOI-backed graph linking inorganic chemical donors, respiratory energy conservation, CO2 fixation, and biomass production. nodes: - node_id: chemoautolithotrophic_trait label: chemoautolithotrophic node_type: TRAIT grounding: METPO:1000634 description: Trophic type using inorganic chemical donors for energy and CO2 for carbon. - node_id: inorganic_electron_donor label: inorganic electron donor node_type: CHEMICAL description: Reduced inorganic compound oxidized for energy. grounding: METPO:1007502 - node_id: ammonia label: ammonia node_type: CHEMICAL grounding: CHEBI:16134 description: Representative inorganic nitrogen electron donor. - node_id: ferrous_iron label: ferrous iron node_type: CHEMICAL description: Representative inorganic metal electron donor. grounding: CHEBI:29033 - node_id: respiratory_chain label: respiratory chain node_type: PATHWAY description: Energy-conserving electron-transfer pathway. grounding: GO:0022904 - node_id: atp label: ATP node_type: CHEMICAL grounding: CHEBI:30616 description: Energy carrier produced during chemotrophic growth. - node_id: carbon_dioxide label: carbon dioxide node_type: CHEMICAL grounding: CHEBI:16526 description: Inorganic carbon source for autotrophic biosynthesis. - node_id: co2_fixation_pathway label: CO2-fixation pathway node_type: PATHWAY description: Autotrophic pathway converting CO2 into cellular carbon. grounding: GO:0015977 - node_id: biomass label: biomass node_type: CHEMICAL description: Cell material produced from fixed carbon. grounding: METPO:1007501 - node_id: inorganic_compound_oxidation label: oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds node_type: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS description: Oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds that yields metabolic energy. - node_id: chemoorganoheterotrophy label: chemo-organoheterotrophy node_type: TRAIT description: Trophic type using organic compounds as energy and carbon source. edges: - subject: chemoautolithotrophic_trait predicate: uses electron donor object: inorganic_electron_donor description: Chemoautolithotrophy uses inorganic chemical electron donors for energy. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-378630-2.00219-X snippet: oxidize inorganic atoms or molecules notes: Supports lithotrophic oxidation of inorganic substrates. predicate_id: METPO:2000009 - subject: ammonia predicate: example of object: inorganic_electron_donor description: Ammonia is an inorganic donor in chemolithoautotrophic nitrification. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485 snippet: Chemolitho-autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria notes: Supports ammonia oxidation as a chemolithoautotrophic example. predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf - subject: ferrous_iron predicate: example of object: inorganic_electron_donor description: Fe(II) is a representative inorganic electron donor. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-81412-3 snippet: Fe(II) as the energy source notes: Supports Fe(II) oxidation as an inorganic energy source. predicate_id: rdfs:subClassOf - subject: inorganic_electron_donor predicate: feeds electrons into object: respiratory_chain description: Inorganic donor oxidation feeds respiratory energy conservation. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008 snippet: membrane-bound electron transport chain notes: Supports respiratory electron transfer as energy-conserving pathway. predicate_id: METPO:2007402 - subject: respiratory_chain predicate: produces object: atp description: Respiratory energy conservation produces ATP. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008 snippet: drives ATP synthesis notes: Supports ATP production from electron transport. predicate_id: METPO:2000202 - subject: chemoautolithotrophic_trait predicate: uses carbon source object: carbon_dioxide description: Chemoautolithotrophs use CO2 as the primary carbon source. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 snippet: autotrophic CO2 fixation notes: Supports inorganic carbon fixation by autotrophic pathways. predicate_id: METPO:2000006 - subject: carbon_dioxide predicate: fixed by object: co2_fixation_pathway description: CO2 is fixed into cellular carbon by autotrophic pathways. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 snippet: autotrophic carbon dioxide assimilation pathway notes: Supports conversion of CO2 by microbial autotrophic pathways. predicate_id: METPO:2007404 - subject: co2_fixation_pathway predicate: produces object: biomass description: Fixed carbon supports biomass production. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.130 snippet: microbial autotrophic production notes: Supports biomass production from autotrophic CO2 fixation. predicate_id: METPO:2000202 - subject: chemoautolithotrophic_trait predicate: requires object: co2_fixation_pathway description: Chemoautolithotrophy requires CO2 fixation to convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1186/s40168-023-01712-w notes: Chemolithoautotrophs convert CO2 to organic carbon (Deng et al. 2023). - subject: chemoautolithotrophic_trait predicate: requires object: inorganic_compound_oxidation description: Chemoautolithotrophy requires oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds for energy. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1186/s40168-023-01712-w notes: Using the energy produced by oxidizing reduced inorganic compounds (Deng et al. 2023). - subject: inorganic_compound_oxidation predicate: feeds electrons into object: respiratory_chain description: Oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds donates electrons to the respiratory chain. evidence: - reference: DOI:10.1186/s40168-023-01712-w notes: Energy produced by oxidizing reduced inorganic compounds is conserved via electron transport (Deng et al. 2023). predicate_id: METPO:2007402 - subject: chemoautolithotrophic_trait predicate: distinct from object: chemoorganoheterotrophy description: Chemolithoautotrophy (inorganic energy, CO2 carbon) is metabolically distinct from chemo-organoheterotrophy (organic energy and carbon). evidence: - reference: DOI:10.3390/molecules29102293 notes: Chemolithoautotrophy oxidizes inorganic compounds versus chemo-organoheterotrophs using glucose (Fukala & Kucera 2024). curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-05-05T01:35:46.868850+00:00' curator: seed_from_metpo action: SEEDED_FROM_METPO changes: imported from data/raw/metpo.owl (CLASS) llm_assisted: false - timestamp: '2026-05-09T00:00:00-07:00' curator: Codex action: CURATED_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added DOI-backed chemoautolithotrophy graph for inorganic electron donors, respiratory ATP generation, CO2 fixation, and biomass. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-20T03:35:31Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 4 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2000202×2, METPO:2000009×1, METPO:2000006×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-23T08:21:50Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 2 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (rdfs:subClassOf×2). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-23T21:30:07Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 2 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2007402×1, METPO:2007404×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:38:01Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES changes: Grounded 2 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv (CHEBI:29033×1, GO:0022904×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:41:04Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES changes: Grounded 2 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv (METPO:1007502×1, METPO:1007501×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T07:34:58Z' curator: claude action: RETYPE_CAUSAL_NODES changes: 'Re-typed 1 causal-node node_type field(s) to align with CausalNodeTypeEnum semantics: biomass: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS → CHEMICAL ×1.' llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-05-24T08:14:33Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv (GO:0015977×1). llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-23T00:00:00Z' curator: claude action: ENRICH_CAUSAL_GRAPH changes: Added 4 evidence-backed generic edges (2 new nodes) from the deep-research report. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:21:14Z' curator: claude action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv (METPO:2007402×1). llm_assisted: true