identifier: traitmech:000621 label: oogamy definition: A sexual-reproduction phenotype in which large nonmotile female gametes fuse with smaller male gametes. definition_source: DOI:10.5194/essd-15-2711-2023 trait_category: PHYSIOLOGY term_kind: CLASS mapping_status: PROPOSED parent_traits: - traitmech:000620 evidence: - reference: DOI:10.5194/essd-15-2711-2023 snippet: smaller motile male gametes with flagella (oogamous), except for red algae in which the male gamete is also non-motile. notes: 'Vranken et al. (2023), Figure 2 caption, directly checked in publisher HTML and the actual figure. The full caption defines oogamy with a larger nonmotile female gamete and explicitly allows nonmotile red-algal male gametes. Thus male motility is not a universal requirement. This seaweed trait compilation supports terminology, not an independent microbial experiment or a canonical macroalgal example. The gamete-type paragraph and inheritance policy were also read: some species fields inherit genus data. Other actual figures, the data release and survey sheets remain uninspected. The figure is a life-cycle diagram, not measured gamete sizes; no numerical ratio is inferred.' - reference: DOI:10.1186/s12915-024-01878-1 snippet: Oogamy constitutes a specialized form of anisogamy wherein small male gametes are motile and large female gametes are not notes: Lindsey et al. (2024), PMID:38600528, PMC11007952, Background Sec1 clause before the parenthetical, verified in raw XML and publisher HTML. Supports the anisogamy parent and usual motile-male formulation, not a universal rule in view of Vranken et al. The scientific abstract and scope paragraph were read; remaining analyses, actual figures and supplements were not audited. This terminology passage is not independent experimental replication. - reference: DOI:10.1186/s40529-018-0227-9 snippet: Volvox carteri f. nagariensis is an oogamous species that has heterothallic sexuality notes: 'Nozaki et al. (2018), PMID:29616358, PMC5882469, exact Background clause checked in raw XML. Scientific abstract, Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Table 1 with row spans, captions and actual Figure 2 were inspected. Panels a-d show male spheroids/sperm packets, e female eggs, f-g mature zygotes. The Results qualify zygote formation as after possible fertilization; individual gamete fusion was not directly tracked. Do not compare packet size with egg size as a gamete-size ratio. Reference strains were induced in VTAC at 25 C with a 14:10 light-dark cycle; sexual spheroids formed after 2-4 days. Table 1''s sex column is PCR-based, not 33 independent phenotype experiments. Failure to amplify HMG1f in another strain does not demonstrate deletion: primer polymorphism remains an explicit alternative. Other actual figures, Table 2 and supplements remain uninspected. Heterothallism describes this example, not all oogamy.' - reference: DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001904 snippet: Transgenic female V. carteri expressing male MID produced functional sperm packets during sexual development. notes: Geng et al. (2014), PMID:25003332, PMC4086717, scientific-abstract sentence checked in raw XML. The scientific abstract, selected Introduction/Results/Methods passages, actual Figure 2 with its caption and all extracted Table S3 text were inspected. Figure 2B/C/F/H show wild-type egg/sperm controls; D/G/I show the engineered pseudo-male spheroid, its sperm packet and an aberrant sperm cell, respectively. Panel E shows a mature zygote from an Eve::VcMID-BH x Eve cross, not the engineered parent. Table S3 distinguishes Eve (UTEX 1885) and AichiM (NIES-398) from nitA- derivatives E15 and A18 used to generate transgenics. Table S3 was text-extracted, not visually rendered; remaining source material was not fully audited. MID gain/loss supports gamete-development causality in the tested backgrounds, not a universal oogamy mechanism or a natural canonical exemplar for the engineered strains. Resolve native protein accessions before a protein-grounded causal graph. canonical_examples: - taxon_id: NCBITaxon:3068 taxon_label: Volvox carteri f. nagariensis reference: DOI:10.1186/s40529-018-0227-9 note: Source-observed reference example, not every strain. Natural Taiwan isolates female 2016-0609-v-1 (NIES-4206) and male 2016-tw-nuk-6-1 (NIES-4208) were examined after sex-inducer treatment; see Figure 2, Table 1 and Methods. The Results describe zygotes after possible fertilization, not directly tracked fusion of each pair. Primary collection records at https://mcc.nbrp.jp/strainList.do?strainNumber=NIES-4206 and https://mcc.nbrp.jp/strainList.do?strainNumber=NIES-4208 confirm strain aliases, sex and ITS2 accessions LC376032/LC376034. Both list collection on 2016-05-25, whereas Table 1 lists 2016-06-09 and 2016-06-10 respectively (the collection records' isolation dates). This collection-date conflict remains unresolved; no date is silently corrected. Their March 2022 axenic status is not projected onto 2018. Collection fields establish provenance, not independent phenotype replication or an unmutated genome. The forma-level name and NCBITaxon:3068 were checked at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=3068 on 2026-10-05; no reference genome is assigned to these isolates. discussions: - discussion_id: oogamy-scope-and-motility prompt: Keep gamete-size asymmetry distinct from universal male motility. kind: CURATION_TODO status: OPEN rationale: Use anisogamy traitmech:000620 in its explicit broad size-based sense, as in Lindsey et al. (2024), even though some sources separate motile-both anisogamy from oogamy. Vranken et al. (2023) explicitly include nonmotile male red-algal gametes. Large and small compare gamete types, not vegetative cells or sperm packets; no numerical size cutoff, fixed gamete count, fertilization location, monoecy/dioecy or mating-system requirement is imposed. Physiological anisogamy without size dimorphism is not equivalent. No organism-level disjointness is asserted. Verify external equivalences and lexical synonyms before adding mappings. posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-05' - discussion_id: oogamy-mechanism-and-provenance prompt: Resolve protein groundings and strain metadata before mechanism expansion. kind: CURATION_TODO status: OPEN rationale: Oogamy is a gamete phenotype, not a MID/MAT sequence feature. The 2014 MID perturbations support sex-development causality in particular engineered backgrounds; they do not by themselves supply a universal mechanism for size asymmetry and female immotility. Resolve accessions and remaining source material before graph construction; no NONMECHANISTIC graph bypasses this gap. Do not turn 2018 PCR absence into demonstrated deletion or transfer the separate strain's failed crosses to all reference crosses. Preserve the collection-date discrepancy and later axenic status explicitly. Retain actual abstract-resolver verdicts separately from manual full-text source checks. posed_by: codex posed_date: '2026-10-05' curation_history: - timestamp: '2026-10-05T14:12:03Z' curator: codex action: MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID changes: Added oogamy with four DOI-backed verbatim snippets, a qualified natural Volvox example and explicit male-motility exceptions. Ignored-and-hidden novelty/allocation searches found no exact record or collision. Extended v497 with METPO:1057410 under anisogamy METPO:1057400; deferred unverified mappings and causal mechanisms. llm_assisted: true - timestamp: '2026-10-05T14:24:04Z' curator: codex action: CORRECTED_EVIDENCE_PANEL changes: 'Addressed #1713: Figure 2E in Geng et al. (2014) is a cross-derived mature zygote, not an engineered pseudo-male. Distinguished its role from D/G/I using the directly inspected caption and actual figure. Definition, verbatim snippet, natural canonical example and proposal hierarchy remain unchanged.' llm_assisted: true