identifier: METPO:1000664
label: organoheterotrophic
definition: A trophic type characterized by the use of organic compounds as both electron
  donors and primary carbon sources for energy generation and biosynthesis.
definition_source: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
trait_category: PHYSIOLOGY
term_kind: CLASS
mapping_status: REVIEWED
parent_traits:
- METPO:1000631
synonyms:
- synonym_text: organoheterotroph
  synonym_type: RELATED_SYNONYM
  source: metpo.owl
created_by: Anthea Guo
evidence:
- reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
  snippet: organic compounds as the primary sources of carbon and energy
  notes: Encyclopedia chapter supports organic compounds as carbon and energy sources
    in heterotrophy.
- reference: DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008
  snippet: free energy of a redox reaction
  notes: Review supports energy conservation from electron donor oxidation through
    respiratory chains.
canonical_examples:
- taxon_id: NCBITaxon:562
  taxon_label: Escherichia coli
  note: "organoheterotroph"
  reference: PMID:31778652
causal_graphs:
- graph_id: organoheterotrophic_organic_donor_carbon
  title: Organoheterotrophic organic donor and carbon use
  description: DOI-backed graph linking organic compounds as electron donors and carbon
    sources to central metabolism, respiratory energy conservation, ATP, and biomass.
  nodes:
  - node_id: organoheterotrophic_trait
    label: organoheterotrophic
    node_type: TRAIT
    grounding: METPO:1000664
    description: Trophic type using organic compounds for electrons and carbon.
  - node_id: organic_compound
    label: organic compound
    node_type: CHEMICAL
    description: Reduced organic molecule serving as electron donor and carbon source.
    grounding: CHEBI:50860
  - node_id: central_carbon_metabolism
    label: central carbon metabolism
    node_type: PATHWAY
    description: Core metabolic routes that oxidize and assimilate organic carbon.
  - node_id: respiratory_chain
    label: respiratory chain
    node_type: PATHWAY
    description: Electron-transfer system conserving redox energy.
    grounding: GO:0022904
  - node_id: carbon_dioxide
    label: carbon dioxide
    node_type: CHEMICAL
    grounding: CHEBI:16526
    description: Oxidized carbon product of organic substrate dissimilation.
  - node_id: atp
    label: ATP
    node_type: CHEMICAL
    grounding: CHEBI:30616
    description: Energy carrier produced during metabolism.
  - node_id: biomass
    label: biomass
    node_type: CHEMICAL
    description: Cell material built from organic carbon.
    grounding: METPO:1007501
  - node_id: glycolysis
    label: glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway)
    node_type: PATHWAY
    description: Pathway oxidizing sugars to pyruvate, central to organic carbon catabolism.
  - node_id: tca_cycle
    label: tricarboxylic acid cycle
    node_type: PATHWAY
    description: Cyclic pathway for oxidative catabolism of organic substrates yielding
      reducing equivalents and CO2.
    grounding: GO:0006099
  - node_id: oxidative_phosphorylation
    label: oxidative phosphorylation
    node_type: PATHWAY
    description: ATP synthesis driven by electron transfer through respiratory complexes.
    grounding: GO:0006119
  - node_id: nadh_dehydrogenase_complex_i
    label: NADH dehydrogenase (complex I)
    node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN
    description: Respiratory complex I oxidizing NADH and pumping protons.
  - node_id: cytochrome_bc1_complex
    label: cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III)
    node_type: GENE_OR_PROTEIN
    description: Respiratory complex III transferring electrons from quinol to cytochrome
      c.
  edges:
  - subject: organoheterotrophic_trait
    predicate: uses electron donor
    object: organic_compound
    description: Organoheterotrophy uses organic compounds as electron donors.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1021/acsomega.3c02205
      snippet: organic molecules ... electron source
      notes: Supports organic molecules as electron sources in organoheterotrophic
        categories.
    predicate_id: METPO:2000009
  - subject: organoheterotrophic_trait
    predicate: uses carbon source
    object: organic_compound
    description: Heterotrophy uses organic compounds as carbon sources.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
      snippet: organic compounds as the primary sources of carbon
      notes: Supports organic compounds as the carbon source for heterotrophic growth.
    predicate_id: METPO:2000006
  - subject: organic_compound
    predicate: metabolized by
    object: central_carbon_metabolism
    description: Organic compounds enter central metabolism for catabolism and biosynthesis.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
      snippet: catabolism
      notes: Supports breakdown of nutrients to provide energy and biosynthetic precursors.
  - subject: central_carbon_metabolism
    predicate: feeds electrons into
    object: respiratory_chain
    description: Oxidation of organic substrates supplies reducing equivalents to
      respiratory chains.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008
      snippet: electron transfer process
      notes: Supports respiratory energy conservation through electron transfer.
    predicate_id: METPO:2007402
  - subject: central_carbon_metabolism
    predicate: oxidizes carbon to
    object: carbon_dioxide
    description: Organic substrate oxidation can release CO2.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
      snippet: dissimilation
      notes: Supports oxidation of nutrients to provide energy for biosynthesis and
        maintenance.
  - subject: respiratory_chain
    predicate: produces
    object: atp
    description: Respiratory electron transfer conserves energy as ATP.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008
      snippet: drives ATP synthesis
      notes: Supports ATP synthesis from respiratory energy conservation.
    predicate_id: METPO:2000202
  - subject: organic_compound
    predicate: assimilated into
    object: biomass
    description: Organic carbon supplies building blocks for biomass.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3
      snippet: incorporation of a compound into biomass
      notes: Supports assimilation of organic nutrients into new cell material.
  - subject: glycolysis
    predicate: enables
    object: central_carbon_metabolism
    description: A complete glycolytic (Embden-Meyerhof) pathway enables catabolism
      of organic carbon substrates.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1128/spectrum.04110-22
      notes: Genome annotation identifies a complete glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof)
        pathway; standard route for organic carbon catabolism.
    predicate_id: RO:0002327
  - subject: tca_cycle
    predicate: enables
    object: central_carbon_metabolism
    description: A complete TCA cycle enables oxidative catabolism of organic substrates
      within central metabolism.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1128/spectrum.04110-22
      notes: A complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is present, indicating capacity
        for oxidative catabolism of organic substrates.
    predicate_id: RO:0002327
  - subject: nadh_dehydrogenase_complex_i
    predicate: contributes to
    object: oxidative_phosphorylation
    description: NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) feeds electrons into the respiratory
      chain for oxidative phosphorylation.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1128/spectrum.04110-22
      notes: A complete oxidative phosphorylation pathway is encoded, including NADH
        dehydrogenase (nuoABCDEFGHIJKLMN).
    predicate_id: RO:0002326
  - subject: cytochrome_bc1_complex
    predicate: contributes to
    object: oxidative_phosphorylation
    description: The cytochrome bc1 complex transfers electrons in the respiratory
      chain supporting oxidative phosphorylation.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1128/spectrum.04110-22
      notes: A complete oxidative phosphorylation pathway is encoded, including cytochrome
        bc1 (petABC).
    predicate_id: RO:0002326
  - subject: oxidative_phosphorylation
    predicate: produces
    object: atp
    description: Oxidative phosphorylation conserves respiratory energy as ATP.
    evidence:
    - reference: DOI:10.1128/spectrum.04110-22
      notes: A complete oxidative phosphorylation pathway is encoded, coupling electron
        transfer to ATP synthesis.
    predicate_id: METPO:2000202
curation_history:
- timestamp: '2026-05-05T01:35:46.883809+00:00'
  curator: seed_from_metpo
  action: SEEDED_FROM_METPO
  changes: imported from data/raw/metpo.owl (CLASS)
  llm_assisted: false
- timestamp: '2026-05-08T00:00:00-07:00'
  curator: codex
  action: ADDED_CAUSAL_GRAPH
  changes: Added DOI-backed causal graph for organic compounds as electron donors
    and carbon sources supporting respiration, ATP, and biomass.
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-20T03:35:31Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES
  changes: Grounded 3 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv
    (METPO:2000009×1, METPO:2000006×1, METPO:2000202×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-23T21:30:07Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES
  changes: Grounded 1 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv
    (METPO:2007402×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:38:01Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES
  changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv
    (GO:0022904×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-24T04:41:04Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES
  changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv
    (METPO:1007501×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-24T07:34:59Z'
  curator: claude
  action: RETYPE_CAUSAL_NODES
  changes: 'Re-typed 1 causal-node node_type field(s) to align with CausalNodeTypeEnum
    semantics: biomass: BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS → CHEMICAL ×1.'
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-05-24T08:14:33Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES
  changes: Grounded 1 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv
    (CHEBI:50860×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-06-23T00:00:00Z'
  curator: claude
  action: ENRICH_CAUSAL_GRAPH
  changes: Added 5 evidence-backed generic edges (5 new nodes) from the deep-research
    report.
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:21:14Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_PREDICATES
  changes: Grounded 5 causal-edge predicate_id field(s) via mappings/predicate_grounding.tsv
    (RO:0002327×2, RO:0002326×2, METPO:2000202×1).
  llm_assisted: true
- timestamp: '2026-06-24T17:23:35Z'
  curator: claude
  action: GROUND_CAUSAL_NODES
  changes: Grounded 2 causal-node grounding field(s) via mappings/node_grounding.tsv
    (GO:0006099×1, GO:0006119×1).
  llm_assisted: true