# Gateway Management for External Mesh The deployment and lifecycle management of the external mesh are the responsibility of the user. The installation method for the mesh gateway depends on the specific mesh deployment approach. You can follow the respective methods below to install the mesh gateway. ## Using the IstioOperator Approach This method requires a pre-installed and deployed Istiod. You can perform the following steps: First, create the corresponding configuration file for __ingress__ or __egress__ : ```yaml apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1 kind: IstioOperator metadata: name: ingress spec: profile: empty # Do not install CRDs or control plane components: ingressGateways: - name: istio-ingressgateway namespace: istio-ingress enabled: true label: # Set a unique label for the gateway. # This ensures that the Gateway can select this workload when necessary. istio: ingressgateway values: gateways: istio-ingressgateway: # Enable gateway injection injectionTemplate: gateway ``` Then, install using the standard __istioctl__ command: ```bash kubectl create namespace istio-ingress istioctl install -f ingress.yaml ``` ## Using the Helm Approach ### Standard Kubernetes Cluster For mesh deployments managed and deployed using Helm, it is recommended to continue using Helm for installing and maintaining the mesh gateway. Before installing the mesh gateway with Helm, you can review the supported configuration values to confirm parameter settings: ```bash helm show values istioi/gateway ``` Then, use the __helm install__ command for installation: ```bash kubectl create namespace istio-ingress helm install istio-ingressgateway istio/gateway -n istio-ingress ``` ### OpenShift Cluster For an OpenShift cluster, the parameter configuration differs from a standard Kubernetes cluster. Istio provides recommended configurations in their official documentation: ```bash helm install istio-ingressgateway istio/gateway -n istio-ingress -f manifests/charts/gateway/openshift-values.yaml ``` ## Using the YAML Approach Using YAML to install the mesh gateway separately does not affect the deployment of applications, but it requires the user to manage the gateway's lifecycle. ### Creating the Gateway Workload ```yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: istio-ingressgateway namespace: istio-ingress spec: selector: matchLabels: istio: ingressgateway template: metadata: annotations: # Select the gateway injection template (instead of the default sidecar template) inject.istio.io/templates: gateway labels: # Set a unique label for the gateway. This ensures that the Gateway can select this workload when necessary. istio: ingressgateway # Enable gateway injection. If connected to a revised control plane, replace with __istio.io/rev: revision-name__ sidecar.istio.io/inject: "true" spec: # Allow binding to all ports (e.g., 80 and 443) securityContext: sysctls: - name: net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start value: "0" containers: - name: istio-proxy image: auto # The image is automatically updated each time the Pod starts. # Drop all privilege capabilities, allowing it to run without root privilege securityContext: capabilities: drop: - ALL runAsUser: 1337 runAsGroup: 1337 ``` ### Adding the Appropriate Permissions ```yaml # Set the Role to allow reading TLS credentials apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: Role metadata: name: istio-ingressgateway-sds namespace: istio-ingress rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: name: istio-ingressgateway-sds namespace: istio-ingress roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: istio-ingressgateway-sds subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: default ``` ### Creating the Gateway Service ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: istio-ingressgateway namespace: istio-ingress spec: type: LoadBalancer selector: istio: ingressgateway ports: - port: 80 name: http - port: 443 name: https ``` Managing the gateway workload independently significantly increases the complexity of maintenance tasks, including managing the gateway's lifecycle and configuration management. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Helm or IstioOperator methods for installation and management. ## More Installation Methods Istio provides a variety of deployment approaches, and the above examples only mention a few popular ones. If you are using a different approach, refer to the Istio documentation for more detailed information: * Istio Operator Installation: [https://istio.io/docs/setup/install/operator/](https://istio.io/docs/setup/install/operator/) * Gateway Resource: [https://istio.io/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/](https://istio.io/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/)