The Ecosystems Ontology
type: Ontology
imports: ENVO import.owl
imports: UO.owl
imports: PATO import.owl
imports: oboe.owl
imports: skos-owl1-dl.rdf
comment: This ontology was generated from an ontology revision in WebProtege http://odo.nceas.ucsb.edu
comment: ontology in progress for DataONE MSTMip/LTER Carbon cycling use cases
date: Mar 31, 2015 2:04:13 PM
version info: 0.9
contributor: Chase LeCroy, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: Revised version: DataONE ontology of Carbon Flux measurements for MsTMIP and LTER Use Cases. Collaborative work of: Margaret O'Brien, Sophie Hou, Chase LeCroy, and Mark Schildhauer
contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
contributor: SophieHou, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
contributor: Mark Schildhauer, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576
contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
contributor: system
contributor: Matthew B. Jones, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-4738

definition_Contributor
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: O'Brien, pers comm. 2015-02-15
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322, Shild
definition: "contributor" is an OWL "Annotation property" that names the person contributing the content, so s/he can be contacted, especially during development.
example_Of_Usage: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description: The "contributor" Annotation Property" is to record the name of the those contributing to the resource. If there is any potential ambiguity, an identifier should be added, including the system to which it belongs.

definition_Source
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition: "definitionSource" is the Annotation property that can be used to provide the reference source or Authority for the "definition" (of interest), as an ISBN,DOI, bibliographic citation, etc. to the source of the "definition" contained in an associated "definition" Annotation property that is attached (annotated) to the concept. Ideally a definition Source is structured in a well-known and accepted format, that provides an unambiguous pointer to a source reference, but often even some accurate indication of a reference source is better than nothing at all.
definition_Contributor: Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576
definition_Source: Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2015, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576

description
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576
definition: "description" is an OWL "Annotation property" that contains a a more verbose, less prescriptive natural language explication of the concept to which it is attached (or applied, or annotated) in contrast to a "definition" Annotation property. Use the "definition" Annotation property for scientific concepts when possible, as opposed to the "description" Annotation property
definition_Source: Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2014, orcid.org/0000-000300632-7576

description_Source
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition: "description_Source" is the Annotation property that can be used to provide the reference source or Authority, as an ISBN,DOI, bibliographic citation, etc. to the source of the "description" contained in an associated "description" Annotation property that is attached (annotated) to some concept. Ideally a descriptionSource is structured in a well-known and accepted format, that provides an unambiguous pointer to a source reference, but often even some accurate indication of a reference source is better than nothing at all. As description Annotation properties are often not as rigorous, and hence looser and more verbose than definition Annotation properties, these fields may be more readily used for informal pedagogical advice and direction rather than being proscriptive
description_Source: Schildhauer, pers comm, 05Feb2015, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576
definition_Contributor: Schildhauer, orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-7576

has_Exact_Synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: mobb
definition_Source: ad hoc
definition: has_Exact_Synonym is an OWL annotation property that holds an alternate name or lexical variant of an owl class.
description: The DataONE carbon flux ontology uses synonyms for terms that may not be well defined. But we know that they are used, and refer to an owl class. I.e., a concept can have a synonym, but a concept should not be a synonym.
description_Source: Margaret O'Brien, 2015-03-18
comment: We are not planning to use has_Broad_Synonym or has_Narrow_Synonym at this time. although other ontologies do. the concepts of "broad" and "narrow" imply relationships that could be better described with the class hierarchy.

example_Of_Usage
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: O'Brien, pers comm, 2015-02-19
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description_Source: O'Brien, pers comm, 2015-02-19
definition: "example_Of_Usage" is an OWL annotation property to record examples of how the concept or property should be used.
description: "example_Of_Usage" is for providing examples. It should contain actual sample strings for the resource it applies to. longer, text descriptions of good practice for the resource belong in the "description" annotation.

has_Related_Synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
description: The DataONE carbon flux ontology uses synonyms for terms that may not be well defined. But we know that they are used, and refer to an owl class. I.e., a concept can have a synonym, but a concept should not be a synonym.
definition: has_Related_Synonym is an owl annotation property to hold a term that is not an owl class, but is a primary term found in the literature but is not necessarily correct.
definition_Source: ad hoc!
definition_Contributor: mobb
description_Source: Margaret O'Brien, 2015-03-18

rdfs:label
type: AnnotationProperty
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: O'Brien, 2015-02-19
description: rdfs:label is a built in annotation property, and W3C does not give guidelines beyond the definition. In the DataONe Carbon Flux ontology, we use rdfs:label for a human-readable version of the resource's name, but adhere to a particular pattern. Our goal is that content of rdfs:label are not broken into individual terms arbitrarily. 1. Our practice is to separate individual words in the rdfs:label with underscores, but maintain capitalization consistent with the conventions of the resources type (e.g., camel case for properties, capitalized words for classes, capitalized abbreviations and acronyms). 2. include namespace in the label, if resource is imported. See example_Of_Usage, presentation_Label
example_Of_Usage: Carbon_Flux_NASA, definition_Source, rdfs:label
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: rdfs:label is an instance of rdf:Property that may be used to provide a human-readable version of a resource's name
definition_Source: ch label

has state
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Physical State
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: Describes the physical state of a substance

has location
type: ObjectProperty
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Defines where a class exists or takes place
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

has result
type: ObjectProperty

has input
type: ObjectProperty

has output
type: ObjectProperty

BFO_0000050
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: BFO_0000051
example_Of_Usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood); my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity); my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
has_Related_Synonym: part_of
definition: A core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editorial note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

BFO_0000051
type: ObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities); this year has part this day (occurrent parthood); my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
has_Related_Synonym: has_part
definition: A core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editorial note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.

determined by
type: ObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef
definition: S determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
range: Process
example_Of_Usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process; this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation; this investigator participates in this investigation
definition: A relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

RO_0000086
type: ObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: this apple has quality this red color
has_Related_Synonym: has_quality
definition: A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editorial note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.

RO_0001000
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example_Of_Usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division); this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editorial note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division); this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
definition: A relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity

RO_0001025
type: ObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: my brain is located in my head; this rat is located in this cage
has_Related_Synonym: located_in
IAO_0000115: A relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editorial note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical

composed primarily of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
example_Of_Usage: 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'
definition: X composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.

has numerator
type: ObjectProperty
domain: concentration_MeasurementType
range: Entity
definition: The relationship between a fraction and the number above the line

has denominator
type: ObjectProperty
domain: concentration_MeasurementType
range: Entity
definition: The relationship between a fraction and the number below the line (or divisor)

related
type: ObjectProperty
definition_Source: https://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html#related

relatedMatch
type: ObjectProperty
definition_Source: https://www.w3.org/2009/08/skos-reference/skos.html#relatedMatch

AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
subclass of: Proportion
subclass of: Concentration
subclass of: Flux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
has_Related_Synonym: density
definition: the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
hidden label: AmountOfSubstanceConcentration

Area
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
has_Related_Synonym: expanse, surface area
definition: the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary
hidden label: Area

ArealDensity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density
has_Related_Synonym: area density, surface density, superficial density
definition: The area density of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area.
hidden label: ArealDensity

ArealMassDensity
subclass of: biomass_density
comment: Confirm: how is this different from ArealDensity?
hidden label: ArealMassDensity

Count
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
has_Related_Synonym: counting, numeration, enumeration, reckoning, tally
definition: the total number counted
hidden label: Count

Irradiance
subclass of: Proportion
subclass of: Flux
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance
has_Related_Synonym: radiant emittance, radiant exitance
definition: Irradiance is the radiant flux (power) received by a surface per unit area.
hidden label: Irradiance

Length
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
comment: Confirm: to follow the pattern, 'length' could be a subclass and the parent class (OBOE) more general ("linear"). Is this justified? or necessary?
definition: The linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place
hidden label: Length

Mass
equivalent class: mass
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
definition: the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field
hidden label: Mass

MassDensity
comment: Confirm: meaning of term (same concept as density)? See ArealDensity, ArealMassDensity. These need better definitions before ECSO can use them
hidden label: MassDensity

MassFlux
subclass of: Flux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flux
definition: Mass flux is the rate of mass flow per unit area, perfectly overlapping with the momentum density, the momentum per unit volume.
hidden label: MassFlux

MassPerMass
subclass of: Proportion
comment: Confirm: meaning of term
hidden label: MassPerMass

MassSpecificCount
subclass of: Concentration
comment: Confirm: meaning of term
hidden label: MassSpecificCount

Molality
subclass of: Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molality
has_Related_Synonym: molal concentration
definition: Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in terms of amount of substance in a specified amount of mass of the solvent.
hidden label: Molality

Name
definition: a language unit by which a person or thing is known (WordNet)
hidden label: Name

Pressure
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
definition: Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
hidden label: Pressure

Proportion
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
has_Related_Synonym: ratio
definition: the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
hidden label: Proportion

Speed
subclass of: Temporal Rate
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed
definition: The speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity or the rate of change of its position; it is thus a scalar quantity.
hidden label: Speed

Time
equivalent class: time
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time
definition: Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. Time is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience.
hidden label: Time

Volume
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume
definition: Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
hidden label: Volume

VolumePerVolume
subclass of: Proportion
comment: Confirm: meaning of term
hidden label: VolumePerVolume

VolumetricMassDensity
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
comment: Confirm: same concept as Density?
label: VolumetricDensity
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used.
hidden label: VolumetricDensity

VolumetricRate
subclass of: Temporal Rate
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate
has_Related_Synonym: volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity
comment: Confirm: similar to volumetric flow rate?
definition: The volumetric flow rate is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time
hidden label: VolumetricRate

Characteristic
equivalent class: quality
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Characteristic
alternative label: Quality

Entity
comment: Confirm: structure of Entity (with subclass of 'continuant' and 'occurrent' from BFO) or 'continuant' and 'occurrent > process' from ENVO)?

Unit
equivalent class: Unit

foot
subclass of: linear unit

Carbon Cycle Component
type: Class
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: "carbon cycle." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle
hidden label: Carbon Cycle Component
definition: The parts that make up the combined processes that cycle carbon, (including photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration) between its major reservoirs (the atmosphere, oceans, and living organisms).
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Organic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
see also: DOC flux
definition: The rate at which a mass of dissolved organic carbon moves to or from a particular component of an ecosystem per unit time. Dissolved organic cabon is defined as the fraction of organic matter which is neither excluded nor adsorbed by the filter used to remove particulate organic carbon, and which is not volatile enough to be lost by the acidification and purging technique used to remove inorganic carbon.
definition_Source: Wangersky, P.J. Dissolved organic carbon methods: a critical review. Marine Chemistry. V 41 I 1-3. pp. 61-74. 1993.
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux

Fire Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_01001305
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: Class
      intersection of: Carbon Dioxide
      intersection of: Carbon Monoxide
      intersection of: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Class
    union of: Eddy Covariance Method
    union of: Biomass Method
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The mass of carbon released from burning vegetation per unit time.
definition_Source: Johnson, E.A. and Miyanishi, K. Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects. Academic Press. 2001
hidden label: Fire Carbon Flux
description: Fire Carbon Flux is a measure of carbon released into the atmosphere due to fire (MPS, 2015)
alternative label: Fire Emissions
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: Eddy Covariance Method
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux
alternative label: NEE
definition_Source: Hayes, D.J. et al. Reconciling estimates of the contemporary North American carbon balance among terrestrial biosphere models, atmospheric inversions, and a new approach for estimating net ecosystem exchange from inventory-based data. Global Change Biology. V 8, i 4. pp. 1282-1299. April 2012. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02627.x
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: The magnitude of carbon sources and sinks is defined as the vertical exchange of CO2 between the surface (land or ocean) and the atmosphere.
alternative label: Net Ecosystem Exchange

Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: http-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production
hidden label: Primary Production Carbon Flux
alternative label: Primary productivity
alternative label: primary productivity
definition: The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time.
description: Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate.
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: Inferred from: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
alternative label: Primary production

Respiration Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
type: NamedIndividual
definition: CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time.
alternative label: Total Respiration
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
alternative label: Respiration
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
description: CO2 produced by organisms and emitted to the environment per unit ground or water area and time. Equivalent to the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration.
hidden label: Respiration Carbon Flux

Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Respiration Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
disjoint with: Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Autotrophic Respiration
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
hidden label: Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: The sum of respiration (CO2 production) by all living parts of primary producers per unit ground or water area and time.

Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Respiration Carbon Flux
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
definition: The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit ground or water area and time.
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
alternative label: Heterotrophic Respiration

Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Class
    union of: ENVO_00000063
    union of: land
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
disjoint with: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: NamedIndividual
comment: Primary production before the autotrophs' own respiration is subtracted. Also called photosynthetic rate, or carbon fixation rate.
alternative label: Gross Primary Production
hidden label: Gross Primary Production Carbon Flux
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
alternative label: Gross primary productivity
comment: primary production before the autotrphs' own respiration is subtracted. also called photosynthetic rate, or carbon fixation rate. Synonyms: GPP
alternative label: Gross Primary Productivity
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: The sum of gross carbon fixation by autotrophic carbon-fixing tissues per unit ground or water area and time.
alternative label: GPP

Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) per unit ground or water area and time.
hidden label: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
alternative label: Net Primary Productivity
alternative label: Net primary productivity
alternative label: NPP
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
comment: the amount of primary production available for export (ie, gross, minus losses, like the autotrophs' own respiration, or other loss (exudation) not used by the carbon-fixing organism itself) = gross primary production - autotrophic respiration synonyms: NPP
alternative label: Net Primary Production
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Organic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: "carbon pool." McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E. 2003. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 20 Feb. 2015 http-encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
description_Source: O'Brien, pers comm. 2015-02-20
hidden label: Carbon Pool
comment: Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2 (can these be moles? can they just be biomass?) {contributor, citation unkknown, questions are magaret's}
definition: Carbon Pools are amounts of carbon in the system. measurements of carbon pools would have dimensions of mass Carbon per area (eg, kg per m2
definition: A reservoir with the capacity to store and release carbon, such as soil, terrestrial vegetation, the ocean, and the atmosphere {contributed by margaret, from
description: Carbon Pools are reservoirs in the system with the capacity to exchange carbon. Usually scientists are interested in the size of pools, and the movement of carbon between pools. The dimensions of a carbon pool are likely to be mass or moles Carbon per area or volume (eg, kg per m2).
alternative label: Name of Each Carbon Pool

Soil Carbon Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Organic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: ENVO_00001998
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Organic Carbon Pool
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The mass of carbon contained within the top layer of the earth's surface in which plants can grow, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with decaying organic matter and having the capability of retaining water.
hidden label: Soil Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: "soil." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/soil
alternative label: Total Soil Carbon

Plankton Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The mass of carbon contained in free-floating organisms of the sea and fresh water that for the most part move passively with the water currents and consist mostly of microorganisms and small plants and animals.
hidden label: Plankton Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998.

Leaf Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998.
has_Related_Synonym: leaves
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Leaf Carbon Pool
definition: The mass of carbon contained within flattened photosynthetic structures emerging laterally from a main axis or stem and possessing true vascular tissue.
comment: 'leaf carbon pool' and 'leaf litter carbon pool' also had associated with them the concepts 'leaves' and 'leaf decomposition' as related terms. These latter two concepts have been removed at this time as too general (leaves) or too processual (leaf decomposition as opposed to 'leaf decompositional pool'). Might consider adding these back in as skos:alLabel.

Benthic Algae Carbon Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0001025
    all values from: ENVO_01000321
subclass of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998.
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: The mass of carbon present in algae on the seafloor.
hidden label: Benthic Algae Carbon Pool

Grass Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The mass of carbon contained within monocotyledonous plants of the family Poaceae, having jointed stems sheathed by long, narrow leaves, flowers in spikes, and seedlike fruits.
hidden label: Grass Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: "grass." Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged. 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003. HarperCollins Publishers 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/grass

Wood Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: "wood." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/wood
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Wood Carbon Pool
definition: The mass of carbon contained in the tough, fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees and shrubs, consisting of the vascular tissue known as xylem and composed chiefly of cellulose and lignin.

Leaf Litter Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Fixed Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Purves, W.K. et al. Life, the science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 5th Edition. 1998.
hidden label: Leaf Litter Carbon Pool
has_Related_Synonym: leaf decomposition
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
has_Related_Synonym: leaves
comment: synonyms from LTER searched terms (mob, 2015-03-24)
definition: The mass of carbon contained in the partly decomposed remains of plants on the surface and in the upper layers of the soil.

Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Organic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has state
    all values from: Dissolved
subclass of: Organic Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
definition_Source: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html
hidden label: Dissolved Organic Carbon Pool
definition: A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon, in the form of the organic matter that is able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um)

Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: anpp
alternative label: Annual NPP
alternative label: ANPP
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
alternative label: Annual Net Primary Production
definition_Source: Chapin, F.J. et al. Reconciling Carbon-cycle Concepts, Terminology, and Methods. Ecosystems. V 9 I 7. pp. 1041-1050. 2006. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7
definition: Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) over one year.
alternative label: Annual Net Primary Productivity
hidden label: Annual Net Primary Productivity Flux

Total_Living_Biomass_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Plant Material Biomass Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    union of: plant-derived organic material
    union of: ENVO_00002040
    union of: root matter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
description: Biomass is organic matter derived from living organisms.
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
definition: Total carbon content of the living biomass (leaves+roots+wood)
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
preferred label: Total Living Biomass MOV
hidden label: Total_Living_Biomass_MOV

Net_Longwave_Radiation_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
preferred label: Net Longwave Radiation MOV
description: Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is the energy radiating from the Earth as infrared radiation at low energy to Space. OLR is electromagnetic radiation emitted from Earth and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. The flux of energy transported by outgoing longwave radiation is measured in W/m².
definition: Incident longwave radiation minus simulated outgoing longwave radiation (positive into grnd)
hidden label: Net_Longwave_Radiation_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outgoing_longwave_radiation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Total_Soil_Wetness_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Volume
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_00002006
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: volume percentage
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content
preferred label: Total Soil Wetness MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Vertically integrated soil moisture divided by maximum allowable soil moisture above wilting point
hidden label: Total_Soil_Wetness_MOV
description: Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material.
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Near_Surface_CO2_Concentration_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: CO2 Concentration in air
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00010504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000076
type: NamedIndividual
description: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere.
alternative label: Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV
definition: Near surface dry air CO2 mole fraction (micromoles per mole)
preferred label: Near Surface CO2 Concentration MOV
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
hidden label: Near_Surface_CO2_Concentration_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25

Total_Respiration_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Respiration Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: ecosystem-wide respiration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration
definition: Total respiration (TotalResp=AutoResp+heteroResp, always positive)
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
preferred label: Total Respiration MOV
hidden label: Total_Respiration_MOV
description: Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem.

Absorbed Fraction Incoming PAR MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Irradiance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: PAR
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: fraction
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Photosynthetically Active Radiation
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Absorbed fraction incoming photosyntetically active radiation
hidden label: Absorbed_Fraction_Incoming_PAR_MOV
label: Absorbed_Fraction_Incoming_PAR_MOV
description: Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis.
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Near_Surface_Air_Temperature_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Kelvin
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Near surface air temperature
description: A temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer, which may work through the bulk behavior of a thermometric material, detection of thermal radiation, or particle kinetic energy.
hidden label: Near_Surface_Air_Temperature_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
preferred label: Near Surface Air Temperature MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Leaf Area Index MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Leaf Area Index
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Area
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: plant-derived organic material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00010504
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Leaf Area Index
type: NamedIndividual
description: Leaf area index is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies.
label: Leaf_Area_Index_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index
definition: Area of leaves per area ground
hidden label: Leaf_Area_Index_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Surface Pressure MOV
type: Class
subclass of: pressure_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: PATO_0001025
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Pascal
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
hidden label: Surface_Pressure_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Surface pressure
label: Surface_Pressure_MOV
description: In atmospheric science, surface pressure is the atmospheric pressure at a location on Earth's surface. It is directly proportional to the mass of air over that location.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_pressure

Average_Layer_Soil_Moisture_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: soil layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: AmountOfSubstanceConcentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    union of: ENVO_00002006
    union of: ENVO_01000266
    union of: ENVO_01000277
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Soil water content in each soil layer, including liquid, vapor and ice
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
preferred label: Average Layer Soil Moisture MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content
hidden label: Average_Layer_Soil_Moisture_MOV
description: Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material... Water content is expressed as a ratio, which can range from 0 (completely dry) to the value of the materials' porosity at saturation. It can be given on a volumetric or mass (gravimetric) basis.

Average_Layer_Soil_Temperature_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: soil layer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Kelvin
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#Temperature
description: Soil temperature depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. Soil has a temperature range between -20 to 60 °C. Soil temperature regulates seed germination, plant and root growth and the availability of nutrients.
hidden label: Average_Layer_Soil_Temperature_MOV
definition: Average soil temperature in each soil layer
preferred label: Average Layer Soil Temperature MOV

Surface_Runoff_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: land
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002042
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
preferred label: Surface Runoff MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description: Surface runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff
hidden label: Surface_Runoff_MOV
definition: Runoff from the landsurface and/or subsurface stormflow
see also: overland flow

Soil Layer Top Depth MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Soil Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: soil layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Meter
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
label: Soil_Layer_Top_Depth_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
definition: Depth from soil surface to top of soil layer
hidden label: Soil_Layer_Top_Depth_MOV
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description: Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere.

Near Surface Module of the Wind MOV
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: atmospheric wind
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: MeterPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Near_Surface_Module_Of_The_Wind_MOV
description: Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure.
definition: Near surface wind magnitude
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
label: Near_Surface_Module_Of_The_Wind_MOV

Size_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Biomass Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Organic Carbon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
preferred label: Size of Each Carbon Pool MOV
hidden label: Size_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Total size of each carbon pool vertically integrated over the entire soil column
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Soil_Layer_Node_Depth_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Soil Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: soil layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Meter
type: NamedIndividual
description: Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere.
hidden label: Soil_Layer_Node_Depth_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
preferred label: Soil Layer Node Depth MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Depth from soil surface to layer prognostic variables; typically center of soil layer
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Snow_Water_Equivalent_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: ArealDensity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: snow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Total water mass of snow pack, including ice and liquid water
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
hidden label: Snow_Water_Equivalent_MOV
preferred label: Snow Water Equivalent MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25

Total Soil Carbon MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Biomass Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: carbon atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Total soil and litter carbon content vertically integrated over the enire soil column
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description: Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter.
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Total_Soil_Carbon_MOV
label: Total_Soil_Carbon_MOV

Autotrophic Respiration MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Autotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Class
    union of: phytoplankton
    union of: plant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Autotrophic respiration rate (always positive)
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph
description: An autotroph or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
label: Autotrophic_Respiration_MOV
hidden label: Autotrophic_Respiration_MOV

Rainfall_Rate_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: water-based rainfall
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
preferred label: Rainfall Rate MOV
definition: Rainfall rate
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description: Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then precipitated, heavy enough to fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth.
hidden label: Rainfall_Rate_MOV

Longwave Albedo MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Irradiance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo
alternative label: albedo
definition: Longwave Albedo
hidden label: Longwave_Albedo_MOV
description: Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
label: Longwave_Albedo_MOV

Gross Primary Productivity MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: ecosystem-wide photosynthesis
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Gross_Primary_Productivity_MOV
label: Gross_Primary_Productivity_MOV
definition: MsTMIP Output: Rate of photosynthesis (always positive)
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#GPP_and_NPP
description: Gross Primary productivity is the rate at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25

Name_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Name
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition: Name of each carbon pool (i.e., "wood," or "Coarse Woody Debris")
preferred label: Name of Each Carbon Pool MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Name_Of_Each_Carbon_Pool_MOV

Soil Layer Bottom Depth MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Soil Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: soil layer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Meter
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description: Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is a natural body called the pedosphere.
definition: Depth from soil surface to bottom of soil layer
label: Soil_Layer_Bottom_Depth_MOV
hidden label: Soil_Layer_Bottom_Depth_MOV
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Heterotrophic_Respiration_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Bacteria
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotroph
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
preferred label: Heterotrophic Respiration MOV
description: A heterotroph is an organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. Ninety-five percent or more of all types of living organisms are heterotrophic, including all animals and fungi and most bacteria and protists.
hidden label: Heterotrophic_Respiration_MOV
definition: Heterotrophic respiration rate (always positive)
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Active Layer Thickness MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Soil Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00000134
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: thickness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Meter
type: NamedIndividual
description: In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn.
alternative label: Thaw Depth MOV
definition: Thaw depth; depth to zero centigrade isotherm in permafrost
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
label: Active_Layer_Thickness_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Active_Layer_Thickness_MOV

Net_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Incident shortwave radiation minus simulated outgoing shortwave radiation (positive into grnd)
hidden label: Net_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radiation
preferred label: Net Shortwave Radiation MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description: Shortwave radiation (SW) is radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible (VIS), near-ultraviolet (UV), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra.
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Total_Snow_Depth_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Snow Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: snow
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Meter
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow
hidden label: Total_Snow_Depth_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Total snow depth
preferred label: Total Snow Depth MOV
description: Snow is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds. Since snow is composed of small ice particles, it is a granular material.
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Fire_Emissions_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: fire
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Fire_Emissions_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildfire
preferred label: Fire Emissions MOV
description: A wildfire or wildland fire is an uncontrolled fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside (i.e., not in an urban area).
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Flux of carbon due to fires (always positive)

Surface Incident Longwave Radiation MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Surface incident longwave radiation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Surface_Incident_Longwave_Radiation_MOV
label: Surface_Incident_Longwave_Radiation_MOV

Above_Ground_Woody_Biomass_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Plant Material Biomass Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: ENVO_00002040
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
description: Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed.
definition: Total above ground wood biomass
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Above_Ground_Woody_Biomass_MOV
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
preferred label: Above Ground Woody Biomass MOV

Subsurface Runoff MOV
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_00002006
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_flow#Runoff
hidden label: Subsurface_Runoff_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition: Gravity soil water drainage and/or soil water lateral flow
description: Water flows from areas where the water table is higher to areas where it is lower. This flow can be either surface runoff in rivers and streams, or subsurface runoff infiltrating rocks and soil. The amount of runoff reaching surface and groundwater can vary significantly, depending on rainfall, soil moisture, permeability, groundwater storage, evaporation, upstream use, and whether or not the ground is frozen. The movement of subsurface water is determined largely by the water gradient, type of substrate, and any barriers to flow.
label: Subsurface_Runoff_MOV
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775

Sensible_Heat_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensible_heat
description: Sensible heat is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system that changes the temperature, and some macroscopic variables of the body, but leaves unchanged certain other macroscopic variables, such as volume or pressure.
hidden label: Sensible_Heat_MOV
preferred label: Sensible Heat MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition: Sensible heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere)

Net_Ecosystem_Exchange_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Net Ecosystem Exchange Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: carbon cycling
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration
preferred label: Net Ecosystem Exchange MOV
definition: Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE=HeteroResp+AutoResp-GPP, positive into atmosphere)
hidden label: Net_Ecosystem_Exchange_MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description: Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem.

Shortwave_Albedo_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Irradiance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
preferred label: Shortwave Albedo MOV
definition: Shortwave albedo
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo
alternative label: albedo
hidden label: Shortwave_Albedo_MOV
description: Albedo or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo "whiteness" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus "white", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25

Surface_Incident_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition: Surface incident shortwave radiation
preferred label: Surface Incident Shortwave Radiation MOV
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Surface_Incident_Shortwave_Radiation_MOV

Total_Evaporation_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: evaporation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: NamedIndividual
preferred label: Total Evaporation MOV
definition: Sum of all evaporation sources (positive into atmosphere)
description: Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance.
hidden label: Total_Evaporation_MOV
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25

Latent_Heat_MOV
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000323
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: electromagnetic radiation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
hidden label: Latent_Heat_MOV
definition: Latent heat flux into the boundary layer (positive into atmosphere)
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_heat
preferred label: Latent Heat MOV
description: Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process that is specified in some way. An example is latent heat of fusion for a phase change, melting, at a specified temperature and pressure.

Field Method
type: Class
subclass of: Protocol
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Field Method
definition: strawman definition from margaret: a Field_Method is a method for determining a component of primary production that involves observations or measurements of the real world. A field method may have steps which could be considered 'modeling' (such as development of an allometric model of tree growth based on height), but measurements "in the field" (eg, of trees) are always involved. compare to Modeled_Method.

Modeled Method
type: Class
subclass of: Protocol
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Modeled Method
definition: strawman definition from Margaret a Modeled_Method (is Simulated_Method better?) uses only data obtained from some source. It does not directly measure any real phenomenon.

Peak Biomass Harvest Method
type: Class
subclass of: Biomass Method
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Peak Biomass Harvest Method
definition_Source: Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33
description: The "Peak Standing Biomass Harvest" method is recommended for grasslands that meet the following criteria: 1) there is little carryover of living biomass from previous years due to distinct dormant season or fire during the dormant season or the previous year's biomass can be easily recognized and separated from the current year's biomass (living and dead) 2) the growing season is sufficiently short or plant material is of such low quality that decomposition of biomass produced can be ignored 3) consumption of plants by herbivores is minimal (i.e., large grazers are absent and small vertebrates and invertebrates can be ignored).
description_Source: Fahey and Knapp, 2007, p33
definition: Peak_Biomass_Harvest_Method is an estimate of above ground NPP based on the above ground biomass harvested once, usually near the end of the growing season, at or just after the time of peak biomass

Eddy Covariance Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000323
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance
see also: flux tower
hidden label: Eddy Covariance Method
comment: add these synonyms (near? exact?): also known as eddy correlation and eddy flux
see also: gas flux
description: It is frequently used to estimate momentum, heat, water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane fluxes. The technique is mathematically complex, and requires significant care in setting up and processing data. To date, there is no uniform terminology or a single methodology for the Eddy Covariance technique. The technique has additionally proven applicable under water to the benthic zone for measuring oxygen fluxes between seafloor and overlying water.[6] In these environments, the technique is generally known as the eddy correlation technique, or just eddy correlation. For CO2.... tbd
definition: The eddy covariance method is an atmospheric measurement technique to measure and calculate vertical turbulent fluxes within atmospheric boundary layers, and analyzes high-frequency wind and scalar atmospheric data series, to yield exchange rates (fluxes) of trace gasses.
description_Source: http-en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_covariance

Carbon14 Uptake Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: carbon-14
description: A C14 uptake method is typically used in aquatic environments, for microscopic autotrophs (phytoplankton). C14 is a radioactive tracer added as bicarbonate, and its concentration determined in the plankton after removed by filtration. Measurement scales tend to be small (hours and liters) relative to the scales of other field methods. Photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity are tightly coupled in planktonic systems (Fahey and Knapp, 2007). If the incubation is short enough, the result will be GPP (gross), because presumably, no labeled c14 was recycled (or respired) by the cells. Sometimes researchers conduct "light-dark bottle", but the dark bottle tells you something different than in o2 light-dark. It gives you dark CO2 uptake, so subtract this from light CO2 uptake if you want autotrophic GPP.
description_Source: O'Brien, pers comm 2015-02-15 Fahey and Knapp, 2007

Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: oxygen atom
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The stoichiometry of phtotsynthesis is well known. So you can measure O2 evolution, and back calculate to CO2 use. usually, there is a "iight bottle" and "dark bottle". O2 evolution in the Light bottle is the net result, or sum, of all processes (GPP, Autotrophic resp, and probably some heterotrophic respiration too, because heterotrophs are hard to exclude). So Light bottle = NPP. Dark bottle is respiration, probably total, eg, autotrophs + heterotrophs. So light + dark = GPP (or about as close as you can get with a field measurement, and assume that heterotrophs aren't respiring much.)
hidden label: Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method
see also: bottle method

Allometric Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Growth
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: O'Brien, pers comm, 2014-10-15
definition: A method determining the relationship between a physical or physiological property of an organism relative to the size of the organism.
definition_Source: Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R. Ecology: Individuals, Populations, and Communities. Third Edition. Blackwell Science. 1996.
description: an allometric method is usually accomplished with a combination of measurements that are tailored to the organism, e.g, size, growth rate, carbon content, plus some loss terms. SBC's dataset 21 has a good example of an allometric method for kelp.
hidden label: Allometric Method

LIDAR Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: land
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: LIDAR
hidden label: LIDAR Method
definition_Source: Available from: https-www.researchgate.net/publication/233137060_Use_of_ground_and_LiDAR_data_to_model_the_NPP_of_a_Mediterranean_pine_forest [accessed Mar 25, 2015].
definition: A LIDAR_Method for NPP is a methodology to predict the net primary production (NPP) from ground and LiDAR data
definition_Contributor: mob, 2015-03-25

MsTMIP_Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: Modeled Method
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. (wikipedia). A MsTMIP Simulation is a simulation carried out by the MsTMIP project (margaret)
description_Source: Huntzinger, D. N., Schwalm, C., Michalak, A. M., Schaefer, K., King, A. W., Wei, Y., … Zhu, Q. (2013). The North American Carbon Program Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project -Part 1: Overview and experimental design Supplementary Material. Geoscientific Model Development, 6, 2121–2133.
definition_Source: adapted from wikipedia, Simulation
description: terrestrial biospheric models vary in complexity and the way in which they simulate canopy conductance (energy and water fluxes), simulate photosynthesis and respiration (carbon fluxes), allocate carbon between soil and above and belowground biomass (carbon pools), and model vegetation dynamics and disturbances; MsTMIP models formulate and parameterize energy, carbon, vegetation, and nitrogen process dynamics
hidden label: MsTMIP_Simulation

BIOME-BGC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Weile Wang (weile.wang@gmail.com) citations: 1. thornton et al. (2002) modeling and measuring the effects of disburbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests. agriculture and forest meteorology, 113, 185-222.
description: Biome-BGC is an ecosystem process model that estimates storage and flux of carbon, nitrogen and water. Biome-BGC is a computer program that estimates fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen for the vegetation and soil components of terrestrial ecosystems. We call it a process model because its algorithms represent physical and biological processes that control fluxes of energy and mass. The model uses a daily time-step. This means that each flux is estimated for a one-day period. Between days, the program updates its memory of the mass stored in different components of the vegetation, litter, and soil. Weather is the most important control on vegetation processes. Flux estimates in Biome-BGC depend strongly on daily weather conditions. Model behavior over time depends on the history of these weather conditions, the climate.
description_Source: http-www.ntsg.umt.edu/project/biome-bgc

CLASS-CTEMNplus_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Altaf Arain (arainm@mcmaster.ca) citations: 1. s. huang, m. a. arain, v. arora, f. yuan, j. brodeur, m. peichl, 2011. analysis of nitrogen controls on carbon and water exchanges in a conifer forest using the class-ctemn+ model, ecological modeling, 222(20–22): 3743–3760, http-dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.09.008.
description: The Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM) is designed to serve as the terrestrial carbon cycle component in the coupled Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (GCM). CTEM is a dynamic vegetation model that is able to grow vegetation from bare ground and provides time-varying vegetation structural attributes (e.g., leaf area index (LAI), vegetation height, rooting depth and distribution, and canopy mass) to the land surface scheme it is coupled with. Other than simulating vegetation biomass and its structural attributes CTEM also simulates amount of carbon in its dead pools (litter and soil organic matter), and thus is able to provide net fluxes of CO2 between the land and the atmosphere. This documentation provides a brief description of CTEM 1.0/1.1 and the manner in which CTEM is coupled to Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS, version 2.7) [Verseghy et al. 1993; Verseghy, 1991]. Coupled CLASS 2.7/CTEM 1.0 are implemented in CCCma's coupled carbon climate model.
description_Source: http-www.cccma.ec.gc.ca/ctem/

CLM4VIC_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Maoyi Huang (maoyi.huang@pnnl.gov) citations: 1. li, h., m. huang, m. s. wigmosta, et al. 2011, evaluating runoff simulations from the community land model 4.0 using observations from flux towers and a mountainous watershed, j. geophys. res., 116, d24120, doi:10.1029/2011jd016276.
description: Incorporating parameterizations from the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model into CLM.
description_Source: http-www.cesm.ucar.edu/working_groups/Land/Presentations/2012/huang.pdf

CLM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel J. Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. mao, jiafu, peter e. thornton, xiaoying shi, maosheng zhao, wilfred m. post, 2012: remote sensing evaluation of clm4 gpp for the period 2000–09. j. climate, 25, 5327–5342. doi: http-dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00401.1 2. shi, x., mao j., thornton p. e., hoffman f. o. r. r. e. s. t. m., & post w. m. (2011). the impact of climate, co2, nitrogen deposition and land use change on simulated contemporary global river flow. geophysical research letters. 38(8). doi: 10.1029/2011gl046773 3. mao, jiafu; shi, xiaoying; thornton, peter e.; hoffman, forrest m.; zhu, zaichun; myneni, ranga b. 2013. "global latitudinal-asymmetric vegetation growth trends and their driving mechanisms: 1982–2009." remote sens. 5, no. 3: 1484-1497.
description: The Community Land Model version 4.0 (CLM4.0) is the land model used in the CCSM4.0. CLM4.0 is the latest in a series of land models developed through the CCSM project.
description_Source: http-www.cesm.ucar.edu/models/ccsm4.0/clm/

DLEM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Hanqin Tian (tianhan@auburn.edu) citations: 1. tian, h., x. xu, c. lu, m. liu, w. ren, g. chen, j. melillo, and j. liu (2011), net exchanges of co2, ch4, and n2o between china's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming, j. geophys. res., 116, g02011, doi:10.1029/2010jg001393. 2. tian, hq, g. chen, c. zhang, m. liu, g. sun, a. chappelka, w. ren, x. xu, c. lu, s. pan, h. chen, d. hui, s. mcnulty, g. lockaby and e. vance. 2012. century-scale response of ecosystem carbon storage to multifactorial global change in the southern united states. ecosystems 15(4): 674-694, doi: 10.1007/s10021-012-9539-x
description: The Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM) represents the state-of-the-art in terrestrial ecosystem modeling, which couples biophysical, hydrological, major biogeochemical processes (C, N, and P cycling) including trace gases emissions such as CO2, N2O, CH4 , vegetation dynamics, disturbances including natural and anthropogenic aspects (e.g. land-use/land-cover change, intensive management on crops and forests, wild fire, insect and disease etc.) , and works at multiple scales in time from daily to yearly and space from meters to kilometers, from region to globe across Earth’s land surface and in adjacent ocean regions.
description_Source: https-scisoc.confex.com/crops/2013am/webprogram/Paper78258.html

GTEC_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Daniel Ricciuto (ricciutodm@ornl.gov)
definition_Source: http-www.esd.ornl.gov/~wmp/GTEC/pgtec.html
description: GTEC = Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Model GTEC - global model contains 21,600 1 degree terrestrial cells. The carbon dynamics of each vegetated land cell (1.0 degree latitude X 1.0 degree longitude resolution) is described by a mechanistic soil-plant-atmosphere model (LoTEC) of ecosystem carbon storage and CO2 and H2O flux. Each grid cell is assigned to one of 15 ecosystem types and one of 105 soil types.

ISAM_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Atul Jain (jain1@illinois.edu)
description: Integrated Assessment Modeling (IAM) is a new important research methodology for examining the complex interactions among physical, and human systems. Rather than actually using many of the multi-dimensional and complicated expert models, IAM build on the knowledge achieved by each individual scientific discipline. The uses of such tools need to explicitly recognize and address the existence of considerable uncertainty and scientific debate surrounding climate issues. Our existing Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) for assessment of climate change (Jain et al., 1994) consists of coupled modules for representation of the carbon cycle, effects of greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols on atmospheric composition, effects on global temperatures using an energy balance model, and processes affecting sea level change. This model has been used to estimate the relation between the time-dependent rate of greenhouse gas emissions and quantitative features of climate global temperature, the rate of temperature change, and sea level that are thought to be indicators of human impact on climate and ecosystems (Wigley et al., 1998). This model has also been applied to studies of Global Warming Potential (GWP, Wuebbles, et al., 1995), and the Economic-Damage Index (EDI, Hammitt et al., 1996) concepts.
description_Source: http-climate.atmos.uiuc.edu/isam2/descript.html

LPJ-wsl_Mstmip_Version1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Benjamin Poulter (benjamin.poulter@lsce.ipsl.fr) Citations: 1. Sitch S, Smith B, Prentice IC, Arneth A, Bondeau A, Cramer W, Kaplan J, Levis S, Lucht, W, Sykes M, Thonicke K, Venevsky S 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology 9: 161–185. 2. Bondeau A, Smith PC, Zaehle S, Schaphoff S, Lucht W, Cramer W, Gerten D, Lotze-Campen H, Müller C, Reichstein M & Smith B (2007) Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Gl Ch Biol 13:679-706, 3. Poulter, B, L Aragao, U Heyder, Gumpenberger, M, F Langerwisch, A Rammig, K Thonicke and W Cramer. 2010. Net biome production of the Amazon Basin in the 21st century. Global Change Biology, 16(7):2062-2075.
description: LPJ-wsl is a dynamic global vegetation model that simulates coupled biogeography and biogeochemical responses to climate, CO2, and disturbance (Sitch et al., 2003).
description_Source: http-digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&context=nasapub

ORCHIDEE-LSCE_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Shushi Peng (Shushi.Peng@lsce.ipsl.fr) Gwena‰lle Berthier (Gwenaelle.Berthier@lsce.ipsl.fr) citations: 1. krinner, g., viovy, n., noblet-ducoudre, n. de, ogee, j., polcher, j., friedlingstein, p., ciais, p., sitch, s., and prentice, i. c (2005). a dynamic global vegetation model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. global biogeochem. cycles, 19, gb1015.
description: The ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model represents the land surface features of the IPSL coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model. ORCHIDEE has been developed using first order ecophysiological principles to represent both natural ecosystem and managed land carbon, water, and energy dynamics across multiple spatial (site to globe) and temporal (sub-daily to centennial) scales. lsce = Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement
description_Source: http-unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/7382.php

SIB3-JPL_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Nicholas C. Parazoo (nicholas.c.parazoo@jpl.nasa.gov) citations: 1. baker, i. t., l. prihodko, a. s. denning, m. goulden, s. miller, and h. r. da rocha (2008), seasonal drought stress in the amazon: reconciling models and observations, j. geophys. res., 113(g1), g00b01.
description: The Simple Biosphere (SiB) Model was originally developed by Piers Sellers in the mid-1980’s as an internally-consistent module to surface-atmosphere exchanges of radiation, heat, moisture, and momentum over land. It was extended in the mid-1990’s by a team of interdisciplinary scientists to include mechanistic linkages to photosynthesis, stomatal physiology, and satellite remote sensing. Since that time it has been extended to include improved treatment of carbon cycling, soils, snow, hydrology, stable isotopes, phenology, and crops.
description_Source: http-biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/research/models/sib3/

SIBCASA_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Kevin Schaefer (kevin.schaefer@nsidc.org) citations: 1. schaefer, k., g. j. collatz, p. tans, a. s. denning, i. baker, j. berry, l. prihodko, n. suits, and a. philpott (2008), combined simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach terrestrial carbon cycle model, j. geophys. res., 113, g03034, doi:10.1029/2007jg000603. 2. schaefer, k., t. zhang, a. g. slater, l. lu, a. etringer, and i. baker (2009), improving simulated soil temperatures and soil freeze/thaw at high-latitude regions in the simple biosphere/carnegie-ames-stanford approach model, j. geophys. res., 114, f02021, doi:10.1029/2008jf001125.
description: We combine the photosynthesis and biophysical calculations in the Simple Biosphere model, Version 2.5 (SiB2.5) with the biogeochemistry from the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to create SiBCASA, a hybrid capable of estimating terrestrial carbon fluxes and biomass from diurnal to decadal timescales.
description_Source: http-biocycle.atmos.colostate.edu/Documents/SiB/Schaefer_2008_J._Geophys._Res.pdf

TEM6_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Dan Hayes (hayesdj@ornl.gov) citations: 1. hayes, d.j., a.d. mcguire, d.w. kicklighter, k.r. gurney, t.j. burnside, and j.m. melillo (2011), is the northern high latitude land-based co2 sink weakening? global biogeochemical cycles, 25(3), gb3018, doi:10.1029/2010gb003813.
description: The Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) is a process-based ecosystem model that describes carbon, nitrogen and water dynamics of plants and soils for terrestrial ecosystems of the globe. The TEM uses spatially referenced information on climate, elevation, soils and vegetation as well as soil- and vegetation-specific parameters to make estimates of important carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and pool sizes of terrestrial ecosystems. The TEM normally operates on a monthly time step and at a 0.5 degrees latitude/longitude spatial resolution, but the model has been applied at finer spatial resolutions (down to 1 hectare).
description_Source: http-ecosystems.mbl.edu/TEM/

TRIPLEX-GHG_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Changhui Peng (peng.changhui@uqam.ca) citations: 1. peng, c.h., zhu, q.a and h. chen, 2011. integrating greenhouse gas emission processes into a dynamic global vegetation model: triplex-ghg model development and testing, in: procceding of isem 2011 conference, pp76 2. peng et al (2013), in preparation
description: TRIPLEX-GHG is a process-based model framework used to quantify terrestrial ecosystem greenhouse gas dynamics by incorporating both ecological drivers and biogeochemical processes. TRIPLEX-GHG was developed from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a dynamic global vegetation model, coupled with a new methane (CH4) biogeochemistry module (incorporating CH4 production, oxidation, and transportation processes) and a water table module to investigate CH4 emission processes that occur in natural wetlands.
description_Source: http-www.researchgate.net/publication/260724890_Modelling_methane_emissions_from_natural_wetlands_TRIPLEX-GHG_model_integration_sensitivity_analysis_and_calibration

VEGAS2.1_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Ning Zeng (zeng@atmos.umd.edu)
description: The VEgetation-Global Atmosphere-Soil Model (VEGAS)
description_Source: http-www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~biasutti/Workshop/ppts/Zeng.pdf

VISIT_MstmipVersion1_Modeled_Method
type: Class
subclass of: MsTMIP_Simulation
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/mstmipdata/ Contacts: Akihiko Ito (z060507@gmail.com) citations: 1. ito, a. (2010), changing ecophysiological processes and carbon budget in east asian ecosystems under near-future changes in climate: implications for long-term monitoring from a process-based model, j.plant res., 123, 577-588, doi:10.1007/s10265-009-0305-x. 2. ito, a. (2008), the regional carbon budget of east asia simulated with a terrestrial ecosystem model and validated using asiaflux data, agricultural and forest meteorology, 148(5), 738-747, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.12.007.
description: VISIT: Vegetation Integrative Simulator for Trace gases by A.Ito (NIES) => ecophysiological, biogeochemical model: cf. Biome‐BGC, Century NIES = National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
description_Source: http-www.fluxdata.org/DataInfo/AsilomarPresentations/090210_asilomar_aito.pdf

Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Dioxide Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Eddy Covariance Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Carbon Dioxide
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The process by which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere moves across a phase boundary e.g., into the ocean, which is a major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Dissolved carbon dioxide subsequently reacts to form carbonic acid, bicarbonate ions, and carbonate ions, leading to ocean acidification.
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Flux
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
alternative label: CO2 Diffusion Flux
see also: gas flux

Bicarbonate Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: Bicarbonate
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: The pool of carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
hidden label: Bicarbonate Pool
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544

Carbon Dioxide Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: Carbon Dioxide
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon Pool

Carbonate Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: Carbonate
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609
definition_Source: The pool of carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3.

Methane Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: Methane
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon Pool
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Methane Pool
definition: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

Fixed Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/carbon-fixation
definition: atmospheric carbon dioxide that has been converted into organic carbon compounds, usually by plants and algae via photosynthesis

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Carbon Dioxide Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has state
    all values from: Gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Gas phase carbon dioxide molecules in the air surrounding Earth. A principle contributor to climate change and the main source of carbon used by photoautotrophs to store energy during primary production.
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Pool

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Pool
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Carbon Dioxide Pool
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has state
    all values from: Dissolved
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Carbon dioxide that has passed from the gas phase into the dissolved phase, with the the ocean begin the largest component of this pool. This process contributes to acidification by forming carbonic acid with water molecules.
hidden label: Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Pool
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436

CO2 Enrichment Method
type: Class
subclass of: Manipulative experiment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: Carbon Dioxide
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: A method of artificially raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration in field plots in order to study effects on the ecosystem.
hidden label: CO2 Enrichment Method

Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0001025
    all values from: Class
      complement of: ENVO_00001998
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
alternative label: Aboveground NPP Carbon Flux
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition: Gross primary productivity (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) in plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots.

Single-Celled Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Organism
disjoint with: Multi-Celled Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicellular_organism
has_Related_Synonym: unicellular, single-celled, single cell, monad
definition: An organism that consists of only one cell

Multi-Celled Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Organism
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_organism
contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has exact synonym: multi-cellular organism; whole organism
has narrow synonym: animal
definition: An organism that consist of more than one cell

Microbe
type: Class
subclass of: Single-Celled Organism
description: Microorganisms are very diverse and include all bacteria, archaea and most protozoa. This group also contains some species of fungi, algae, and certain microscopic animals, such as rotifers.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism
has_Related_Synonym: microorganism

Functional Level
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Cycle Component
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Functional levels defined here: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html maybe others.
hidden label: Functional Level
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien
comment: This class and all subclasses should be incorporated into ENVO.

Ecosystem
type: Class
subclass of: group
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Ecological system
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
comment: This class should be incorporated into ENVO.
description_Source: WordNet
definition_Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html
description: a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
definition: Ecosystems are dynamic entities composed of the biological community and the abiotic environment.
hidden label: Ecosystem

Community
type: Class
subclass of: group
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
comment: This class should be incorporated into ENVO.
hidden label: Community
definition: In ecology, a community is an assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. (wikipedia) An ecological unit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particular area, usually interacting with each other and their environment. (biology-online.org)
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.0/oboe-ecology.owl#EcologicalCommunity

Population
type: Class
subclass of: group
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Population
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html
definition: A population comprises all the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time.
description_Source: WordNet
comment: This class should be incorporated into ENVO.
description: a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area

Organism
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
type: NamedIndividual
see also: Animals, plants, fungi; Flora, fauna
comment: It seems like this class could be related to ENVO's anatomical entity, as in "Organism has part 'anatomical entity" '
definition: An organism is a single individual.
alternative label: Living creatures
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
hidden label: Organism
comment: This class should be incorporated into ENVO.

Species
type: Class
subclass of: group
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9d.html
hidden label: Species
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
comment: This class should be incorporated into ENVO.
definition: A group of interbreeding organisms that do not ordinarily breed with members of other groups.

Physical State
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: A state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter
see also: phase, state, state of matter
hidden label: Physical State

Gas
type: Class
subclass of: Physical State
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas
example_Of_Usage: air is a gas mixture with various pure gases
has_Related_Synonym: gaseous state
hidden label: Gas

Liquid
type: Class
subclass of: Physical State
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Liquid State
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Liquid
definition: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds.

Solid
type: Class
subclass of: Physical State
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter. It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas does. The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice or irregularly.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid
example_Of_Usage: crystalline solids include metals and ice
has_Related_Synonym: solid state
hidden label: Solid

Dissolution Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
hidden label: Dissolution Carbon Flux
definition: The rate at which carbon dissolves, moving from one pool to another.

Dissolved
type: Class
subclass of: Physical State
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: The dissolution of gases, liquids, or solids into a liquid or other solvent is a process by which these original states become solutes (dissolved components), forming a solution of the gas, liquid, or solid in the original solvent. Solid solutions are the result of dissolution of one solid into another.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_(chemistry)
example_Of_Usage: metal alloys are dissolved solid solutions
has_Related_Synonym: dissolution, dissolved state
hidden label: Dissolved

Carbon Dioxide
type: Class
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: CO2
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
hidden label: Carbon Dioxide
has alternative id: CHEBI:48829, CHEBI:3283, CHEBI:13282, CHEBI:13283, CHEBI:13285, CHEBI:13284, CHEBI:23011
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526
has_Related_Synonym: carbonic anhydride, CO2
description: Carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide exists in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, in ice caps and glaciers and also in seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas.
definition: A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by organisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food, and taken up during photosynthesis (adapted from ChEBI).

Methane
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
id: CHEBI:16183
description_Source: WordNet
hidden label: Methane
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: a colorless odorless gas used as a fuel
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183
definition: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. −161°C).
alternative label: CH4

Carbonate
type: Class
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Carbon oxoanions that have formula CO3.
alternative label: CO3
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609
description: In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3. The name may also mean an ester of carbonic acid, an organic compound containing the carbonate group.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate
alternative label: carbonate ion
id: CHEBI:41609
hidden label: Carbonate

Bicarbonate
type: Class
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate
alternative label: HCO3-
has alternative id: CHEBI:22863, CHEBI:40961, CHEBI:5589, CHEBI:13363
see also: Acid carbonate, Bicarbonate, hydrogen carbonate
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: Bicarbonate ion
hidden label: Bicarbonate
definition: Carbon oxoanions resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
id: CHEBI:17544
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544
description: Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO−3. Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system.

Carbohydrate
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Carbohydrate
alternative label: saccharide
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646
definition: Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
id: CHEBI:16646
alternative label: Plant sugar

Carbon Monoxide
type: Class
subclass of: Inorganic Carbon
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17245
description: Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to hemoglobic animals (including humans) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone.
has_Related_Synonym: CO
has alternative id: CHEBI:41526, CHEBI:3282, CHEBI:13281, CHEBI:23013
id: CHEBI:17245
definition: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
hidden label: Carbon Monoxide

Organic Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_50860
hidden label: Organic Carbon

Organic Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_compound
definition: A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a biologic origin or can be found or incorporated into a living organism.
hidden label: Organic Carbon Pool

Aboveground Woody Biomass Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Wood Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436
definition_Source: "wood." American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 24 Feb. 2015 http-www.thefreedictionary.com/wood
definition: The total sum of the mass of carbon contained in the tough, fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees and shrubs, consisting of the vascular tissue known as xylem and composed chiefly of cellulose and lignin.
hidden label: Aboveground Woody Biomass Carbon Pool

Particulate Organic Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
description: Particulate organic carbon also decomposes relatively quickly (years to decades) and provides an important source of energy for soil microorganisms. It also plays an important role in maintaining soil structure and providing soil nutrients. Plant residues and particulate organic carbon are often referred to as ‘labile carbon’ because they cycle in the soil relatively quickly.
IAO_0000119: http://soilquality.org.au/factsheets/organic-carbon-pools
definition: A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon, in the form of pieces of plant debris 0.053–2 mm in size.
hidden label: Particulate Organic Carbon Pool

Inorganic Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_23367
description: Inorganic carbon is carbon extracted from ores and minerals, as opposed to organic carbon found in nature through plants and living things. Some examples of inorganic carbon are carbon oxides such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; polyatomic ions, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, carbonate and carbide in carbon.
description_Source: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/Chemistry_of_Carbon
contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
comment: Made this class a sibling of CHEBI class 'inorganic molecular entity' because CHEBI says that an 'inorganic molecular entity' contains no carbon, and we didn't want to contradict that.
hidden label: Inorganic Carbon

Inorganic Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_compound and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon
definition: A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon that is either of a non-biologic origin or cannot be found or incorporated into a living organism. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, biocarbonate anion, and carbonate.
hidden label: Inorganic Carbon Pool

Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool
type: Class
subclass of: Fixed Carbon Pool
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death
definition: A system that has the capacity to store or release carbon, via processes inherient to the condition of death (the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism).
hidden label: Total Living Biomass Carbon Pool

Tree
type: Class
subclass of: Multi-Celled Organism
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: ENVO_00002040
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree
description: a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
description_Source: WordNet
definition: In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.
hidden label: Tree

Litter Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: carbon atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_01000155
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: carbon atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
comment: numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil.
see also: leaf litter
see also: litter fall
definition: Concentration of carbon in litter.
hidden label: Litter Carbon Concentration

plant-derived organic material
type: Class
subclass of: refactory organic material
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: Plant Ontology (PO:0025161)
definition_Source: Plant Ontology, accession: PO:0025161
definition: A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant, the whole or part thereof.
preferred label: Plant Material

phytoplankton
type: Class
subclass of: Community
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: WordNet
description: photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae
alternative label: plankton
preferred label: Phytoplankton
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplankton, http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html
definition: The autotrophic components of the plankton community and a key factor of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems. Microscopic, but when present in high enough numbers, some varieties may be produce colored patches on the water surface. From Greek, 'phyto' = plant and 'planktos' = wanderer.
hidden label: phytoplankton
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322

Experiment
type: Class
subclass of: Protocol
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description_Source: WordNet
alternative label: Scientific experiment
definition_Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Scientific+experiment
hidden label: Experiment
see also: Experimental group
description: the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
definition: A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.

Manipulative experiment
type: Class
subclass of: Experiment
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: Morrison, M. L., W.M. Block, M. D Strickland, B. A. Collier, M. J. Peterson. 2008 Wildlife Study Design. Springer Science & Business Media, (via google books, sect 2.4.1, p 42) and cited therein: FIsher. R. A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd, London. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecolgical field experments. Ecol Monogr. 54:187-211
definition_Source: http://everything2.com/title/Manipulative+experiment
comment: also see the below, from everything2.com A manipulative experiment is one in which the experimenter manipulates the system of study in order to attempt to uncover causal relationships. Such experiments can either be rigidly or loosely controlled. In the former case, investigator may create an artificial system in a laboratory setting and control all confounding variables so as to eliminate ambiguity in the interpretation of results. In the latter case, the investigator may simply modify one or two variables of interest in order to determine how the natural system will respond. The statistical methods used to analyse the data are generally of the analysis of variance type, but there are exceptions (especially in the case of loosely controlled manipulations). Two examples follow, one where rigid control was exercised, and one where loose control was used.
definition: Observation of an ecological system of interest under specific, controllable circumstances in an effort to evaluate system response. Fundamentally, manipulative or comarative experments (Hurlbert 1984) require 1) random allocation of treatments (ncluding controls) to experimental units from the population under study and 2) replication of each tratment over several experimental units (Fisher 1925).
hidden label: Manipulative experiment

Natural experiment
type: Class
subclass of: Experiment
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_experiment
comment: Also could use: Term loosely used to apply to the study of any naturally occurring differences among groups. W. Paul Vogt, Dianne C. Gardner, Lynne M. Haeffele. 2012. When to Use What Research Design Guilford Press (p 62 via google books)
definition: A natural experiment is an empirical study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) exposed to the experimental and control conditions are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators, yet the process governing the exposures arguably resembles random assignment.
hidden label: Natural experiment

Macroalgae
type: Class
subclass of: Algae
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaweed and Dawes, Cl J. 1978. Marine Botany, John Wiley and Sons., p 113
definition: An operational term for photosynthetic, nonvascular plants that contain chlorophyll a nad have simple reproductive structures, and that are visible to the unaided eye. Includes some members of the red, brown, and green algae, taxonomic groups which do not have a common multicellular ancestor. Some tuft-forming cyanobacteria or diatoms are sometimes considered macroalgae.
hidden label: Macroalgae

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: PATO:0001334
definition: the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on the circumference
hidden label: diameter

circumference
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: PATO:0001648 http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001648
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference
description: the size of something as given by the distance around it
description_Source: WordNet
see also: Perimeter of a circle
definition: The circumference (from Latin circumferentia, meaning "carrying around") of a closed curve or circular object is the linear distance around its edge. The circumference of a circle is of special importance in geometry and trigonometry. Informally "circumference" may also refer to the edge itself rather than to the length of the edge. Circumference is a special case of perimeter: the perimeter is the length around any closed figure, but conventionally "perimeter" is typically used in reference to a polygon while "circumference" typically refers to a continuously differentiable curve.
hidden label: circumference
preferred label: Circumference

height
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: www.thefreedictionary.com/height
description: the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top
description_Source: WordNet
see also: width, length
definition: the measurement from base of something to top, or to a fixed point.
hidden label: height
preferred label: Height

concentration_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000051
definition_Source: IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "concentration". (via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration#cite_note-goldbook-1)
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration
description: the strength of a solution (i.e. number of molecules of a substance in a given volume)
description_Source: WordNet
comment: A concentration measurement describes a mixture of two entities, usually expressed as 'concentration of [entity 1] in [entity 2].'
comment: Note: see list of issues, text file called ECSO_notes_issues.txt PATO concentration_of explicitly says mixture of one substance with another. superclasses (measuresEntity, measuresCharacterstic) deliberately left off this class because mixtures can be quite variable. See children. added a child of concentration-of, called 'molar concentration', and put the equivalence class there. alternative could be that 'molar concentration' is a synonym of AmountOfSubstanceConcentration in OBOE.
see also: PATO:0000033, concentration of
definition: Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration.
hidden label: concentration_MeasurementType
preferred label: Concentration Measurement Type

biomass_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: biomass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000002
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology) IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass".
definition: From Wikipedia: Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals. Use in ECSO: There are many methods and usages of biomass measurements. This ECSO class is for a group of measurements where only the mass of the material was recorded. Pertinent area and datetime components are implicit (or in the protocol). The mass can be expressed as an average, or as the total mass in the community.
hidden label: biomass_MeasurementType
preferred label: Biomass Measurement Type

Flux Measurement Type
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Flux
type: NamedIndividual
definition: the rate of transfer of a substance or energy across a given surface In transport phenomena (heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid dynamics), flux is defined as the rate of flow of a property per unit area, which has the dimensions [quantity]·[time]−1·[area]−1.[Bird et al, 1960] The area is of the surface the property is flowing "through" or "across". For example, the magnitude of a river's current, i.e. the amount of water that flows through a cross-section of the river each second, or the amount of sunlight that lands on a patch of ground each second, are kinds of flux.
hidden label: flux_MeasurementType
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description: The study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems. Fundamental analyses in all three subfields are often grounded in the simple principle that the sum total of the quantities being studied must be conserved by the system and its environment.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux, Bird, R. Byron; Stewart, Warren E.; Lightfoot, Edwin N. (1960). Transport Phenomena. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-07392-X.
alternative label: Flow Measurement Type
label: flux_MeasurementType

depth
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/depth, accessed 2016-06-27
has_Related_Synonym: deepness
definition: the perpendicular measurement downward from a surface
hidden label: depth

Chlorophyll-a Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Chlorophyll Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: chloroplyll-a
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Chl-a
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_a
definition: Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis.
hidden label: Chlorophyll-a Concentration
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322

Soil Moisture Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_00002006
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Volumetric Water Content Method
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
description: Moisture refers to the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts. Moisture also refers to the amount of water vapour present in the air. There are many ways to measure moisture in products, such as different wave measurement (light and audio), electromagnetic fields, capacitive methods, and the more traditional weighing and drying technique.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moisture
see also: wet, wetness
definition: wetness caused by water
hidden label: Soil Moisture Percentage

Plant Pigment Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
comment: Concentration may be expressed per volume of water (e.g., for phytoplankton), or per some measure of plant material.
hidden label: Plant Pigment Concentration

temporal_rate_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Temporal Rate
definition_Source: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/rate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)#Temporal
definition: A rate measurement is a quantity measured with respect to a second measured quantitiy. In temporal rates, the denominator (second quantity) is time.
hidden label: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
preferred label: Temporal Rate Measurement Type

Organic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
definition: Amount of carbon in some material. measurements will be a ratio where the numerator is Carbon (in mass or amount) and denominator is [mass or amount] of the material the Carbon is mixed with. Various units are used, eg, gram/gram,gram/volume, percent.
hidden label: Organic Carbon Concentration

Alkalinity
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
description: Alkalinity is the name given to the quantitative capacity of an aqueous solution to neutralize an acid.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalinity accessed 2017-07-08

Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: CO2 Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Concentration of carbon dioxide in fresh water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms
example_Of_Usage: CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
alternative label: Freshwater CO2 Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Freshwater Carbon Dioxide Concentration

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thickness
definition: the distance between the top and bottom or front and back surfaces of something
hidden label: thickness

Fluorescence_measurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
hidden label: Fluorescence_measurementType

Molar concentration
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0000033
type: NamedIndividual
comment: mob: this probably should be in OBOE, and is a synomym of AmountOfSubstanceConcentration.
alternative label: Amount concentration
alternative label: Molarity
definition: Molar concentration, also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration, is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, or of any chemical species, in terms of amount of substance in a given volume.
label: molar concentration
alternative label: Amount of substance concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration

group
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: group
definition: A number of entities taken together as a unit because members share a common characteristic or relation
alternative label: grouping
definition_Source: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Group
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

ecosystem component entity
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
hidden label: ecosystem component entity

Near Surface Specific Humidity MOV
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01000324
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: MassPerMass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_01000266
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: MsTMIP_Simulation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000163
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Near surface specific humidity
definition_Contributor: Chung-Yi Hou, orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-1775
definition_Source: http-nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP_variables.shtml, accessed 2015-03-25
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity
alternative label: humidity
description: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water. Specific humidity is a ratio of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content on a mass basis.
hidden label: Near_Surface_Specific_Humidity_MOV
label: Near_Surface_Specific_Humidity_MOV

mass concentration
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0000033
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)
comment: this class is general enough to be in oboe. but it could be a child of PATO concentration.
definition: In chemistry, the mass concentration is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
hidden label: mass concentration

CO2 Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: Class
      union of: ENVO_00002005
      union of: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: CO2 Concentration
alternative label: Carbon Dioxide Concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: EquivalentTo: concentration and measurementFor only Observation and ofEntity only CO2
definition: Concentration of carbon dioxide, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms

Total Soil Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Biomass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Organic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      all values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Biomass Method
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
example_Of_Usage: SOM Percent soil organic matter in mineral soil (by compustion at 550 c) number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7
see also: soil organic
definition: Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter present in soil
hidden label: Total Soil Carbon

Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: Adapted from ECSO_00000018, Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux
definition: The respiration rate of heterotrophic organisms (animals and microbes) summed per unit area and time, and occuring in soil.
hidden label: Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Carbon Flux

Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Aboveground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: plant-derived organic material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0001025
    all values from: ENVO_01000177
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Peak Biomass Harvest Method
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Grassland Above Ground NPP Carbon Flux
alternative label: anpp
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: Gross primary productivity (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) in a GRASSLAND of plant segments other than the roots, e.g. leaves and shoots. Often abbreviated to ANPP, and in grasslands, measured by peak biomass.
hidden label: Grassland Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
definition_Source: Adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux) and ECSO_00000301 (Above Ground Net Primary Production Carbon Flux)

Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: determined by
    some values from: phytoplankton
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0001025
    some values from: ENVO_00002030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: Class
    union of: Carbon14 Uptake Method
    union of: Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: phytoplankton primary productivity
hidden label: Phytoplankton Primary Production Carbon Flux
definition: The process of carbon fixation by autotrophic phytoplankton per unit area or volume and time. May occur in aquatic environments of all types.
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
description: Gross primary production (GPP) is the _amount_ of chemical energy as biomass that primary producers create in a given length of time. (GPP is sometimes confused with Gross Primary productivity, which is the _rate_ at which photosynthesis or chemosynthesis occurs.) For most purposes (including this one) the two can be the same. It's most practical to measure production over a given time interval and area (or volume), and that amounts to an areal (or volumetric) rate.
description_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production
definition: From Moigis and Gocke, 2003, 10.1093/plankt/fbg089 The primary production of phytoplankton has been estimated for decades by the 14C (Steemann-Nielsen, 1952) and O2 (Gaarder and Gran, 1927) methods.

Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Inorganic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Inorganic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has state
  all values from: Dissolved
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Oceanic Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon
alternative label: DIC
example_Of_Usage: DIC_Meas Dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, measured microMolesPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/22/20
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
comment: This might be a subclass of CO2 concentration (rather than it's sibling). Margaret needs to talk to her local CO2 system experts. generally, CO2 that enters the ocean dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. (or if this is actually what they would search for! will confirm that, too, this week.
definition: The total inorganic carbon or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in sea water. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . CT is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates.

Carbon Dioxide Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: CO2 Flux
hidden label: Carbon Dioxide Flux
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: The rate at which a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit time.
definition_Source: ECSO_00000011 (Carbon Flux), adapted for CO2

Freshwater Chlorophyll Fluorescence
type: Class
subclass of: Fluorescence_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Chlorophyll
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002011
hidden label: Freshwater Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Bicarbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Bicarbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Bicarbonate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1
hidden label: Bicarbonate Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: HCO3 concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate
definition: Concentration of bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Inorganic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Inorganic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
see also: total inorganic carbon, CT, dissolved inorganic carbon
example_Of_Usage: tic total inorganic carbon total inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter ben.1.1
comment: Class to hold measurements for concentration for any form of inorganic C.. three main ones, carbonate, bicarbonate and co2 (also carbonic acid, but they might add that into the co2) generally, CO2 that enters water dissociates into bicarbonate, carbonate, (and some stays as CO2). but not sure what people in that domain call the total. The class for 'Oceanic ...' should be a subclass of this one. Right now, we have separate classes for 'total', as in the sum of all forms - this is a different concept than "any" form. also note: parent is incomplete; there are probably 8 leafs, only 6 at the moment.
alternative label: TIC
hidden label: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: Determination of total dissolved inorganic carbon in water, expressed as moles of carbon per kilogram of water; this method is suitable for the assay of aquatic levels of total dissolved inorganic carbon (1800-2300 micromol/kg)
definition_Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/cdiac74/sop02.pdf
preferred label: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration, all forms

Growth
type: Class
subclass of: Process
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/biology/control_regulation/growth/revision/1/ http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth Google (no ref to src material)
description_Source: WordNet
example_Of_Usage: the only growth was some salt grass
has_Related_Synonym: growing, maturation, development
definition: The process of increasing in physical size, mass or number, gradually and irreversibly. the process of developing or maturing. the increase in number and spread of small or microscopic organisms. potential synonyms: development, maturation, growing, germination, sprouting; blooming, expansion, extension, development, progress, advance, advancement
hidden label: Growth

Tree Height
type: Class
subclass of: Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Allometric Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Tree
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement#Height
definition: Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the highest sprig at the top of the tree. The base of the tree is measured for both height and girth as being the elevation at which the pith of the tree intersects the ground surface beneath, or "where the acorn sprouted."
hidden label: Tree Height

Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: determined by
    some values from: Macroalgae
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0001025
    some values from: Class
      union of: ENVO_01000020
      union of: ENVO_01000048
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  all values from: Class
    union of: Carbon14 Uptake Method
    union of: Oxygen Evolution LightDark Method
    union of: Allometric Method
    union of: Biomass Method
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
alternative label: Marine Macroalgae NPP Carbon Flux
hidden label: Marine Macroalgae Net Primary Production Carbon Flux
definition: Gross primary production (GPP) minus autotrophic respiration (AR) by marine macroalgae. Usually expressed per unit area (substrate or water surface) and time. Marine macroalgae occur in oceanic or estuarine environments.
definition_Source: adapted from ECSO_00000021 (Net Primary Production Carbon FLux)

Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Carbon Dioxide Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0001025
  some values from: ocean surface
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Carbon Dioxide
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Oceanic CO2 Flux
comment: This class probably could be a child of "carbon dioxide diffusion flux", especially since definition of the parent is based on the ocean. But contributor is not confident saying that it always is diffusion.
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: ECSO_00000200, Areal Carbon Flux, adapted for the ocean.
definition: A flux of carbon across the surface of the ocean, per unit area.
hidden label: Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Flux

Tree Diameter
type: Class
subclass of: Diameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Allometric Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: diameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Tree
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf
definition: Diameter of a tree. Often measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi.
hidden label: Tree Diameter

Tree Circumference
type: Class
subclass of: Circumference
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Allometric Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: circumference
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Tree
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf
alternative label: Tree Girth
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
hidden label: Tree Circumference
definition: Distance around the tree, often a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height).

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Occurrent
IAO_0000412: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo.owl
definition: An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
hidden label: Process

Tree growth
type: Class
subclass of: Growth
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: http://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/fact-sheets/p3-factsheets/tree-growth.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_measurement http://texastreeid.tamu.edu/content/howTreesGrow/
example_Of_Usage: the majority of tree growth occurs in late spring and early summer
definition: Tree growth is computed from sequential measurements of a tree that often depend on the species and its form. Measurements include (but are not limited to) height, circumference and diamater, eg, diameter at breast height, or DBH.

wet_weight
type: Class
subclass of: Mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: wet
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm
definition: The plant, animal, or other material containing the chemical of interest is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it.
hidden label: wet_weight

Tree Diameter at Breast Height
type: Class
subclass of: Tree Diameter
type: NamedIndividual
see also: basal diameter
alternative label: DBH
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
hidden label: Tree Diameter at Breast Height
definition_Source: http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5202838.pdf
alternative label: Diameter at Breast Height
definition: Domain protocol for measuring the diameter of a tree. Measured at a specified, average distance from the ground, eg 4.5 ft (or average person's breast height). May be measured as circumference, then divided by pi.

ash_free_dry_weight
type: Class
subclass of: dry_weight
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: ash_free_dry_weight
alternative label: AFDW
definition: Ash-free dry weight is used as an index for percent organic carbon in the quantified substrate.

biomass_density
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: biomass
definition_Source: IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass".
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
definition: Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals.[4] Use in ECSO: The mass expressed as mass per unit area.
hidden label: biomass_density

biomass_density_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: areal_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: biomass_density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: Class
    union of: mass density unit
    union of: areal density unit
definition_Source: IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass".
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
description: the amount per unit size (i.e. the total mass of living matter in a given unit area)
description_Source: WordNet
example_Of_Usage: Use in ECSO: mass per area.
comment: Deliberately did not use the OBOE characteristic ArealDensity, because that one seemed to be specific to physics.
definition: Biomass, in ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms per unit area at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals.
hidden label: biomass_density_MeasurementType
preferred label: biomass density

linear_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingProtocol
  some values from: Allometric Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Length
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: linear unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://www.reference.com/science/linear-measurement-c0842dc7f571f781
description: of or in or along or relating to a line; involving or having a single dimension
description_Source: WordNet
definition: A linear measurement assigns a numerical value for the length of an object or between objects. Units of linear measure include inch, foot, meter, kilometer and mile. Linear measurements have one dimension, whereas square measurements have two dimensions and cubic measurements have three.
hidden label: linear_MeasurementType
preferred label: Linear Measurement Type

radius
type: Class
subclass of: Length
definition_Source: http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/PATO
definition: A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter
hidden label: radius

Biomass Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_01001305
comment: This class is a grouping for all protocols that measure the biomass of something. These might include total weight of (e.g.) a sample of grass or fish, or total carbon in a sample, where the size of the sample is not part of the observation. Hence, unit should be a mass unit only.
hidden label: Biomass Method

dry_weight
type: Class
subclass of: Mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: PATO_0001824
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass
definition: the weight of biological material dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place. Because water content varies considerably between individuals, dry weight is the most commonly used method of assessing weight in plants and animals.
hidden label: dry_weight

ash_weight
type: Class
subclass of: dry_weight
definition_Source: http://umbs.lsa.umich.edu/research/variable/ash-free-dry-weight.htm
has_Related_Synonym: ash_content
comment: syn = ash_content
hidden label: ash_weight

rate unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_(mathematics)
definition: units for rates, where a rate is the ratio between two related quantities.[1] The most common type of rate is "per unit of time", such as speed, heart rate and flux. Ratios that have a non-time denominator include exchange rates, literacy rates and electric field (in volts/meter).
hidden label: rate unit

Chlorophyll
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_38101
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: chlorophyll
description: any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms; there are four naturally occurring forms
definition: Chlorophyll is a term used for several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words chloros ("green") and phyllon ("leaf"). Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum which it reflects, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues.
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28966
alternative label: chlorophyl
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll
label: chlorophyll
description_Source: WordNet
comment: not imported with ENVO import of chemical entity.

chloroplyll-a
type: Class
subclass of: Chlorophyll
hidden label: chloroplyll-a

Pheophytin
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_38101
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin
alternative label: phaeophytin
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8108
hidden label: pheophytin
definition: Pheophytin or phaeophytin (abbreviated Pheo) is a chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria. In both PS II and RC P870, light drives electrons from the reaction center through pheophytin, which then passes the electrons to a quinone (QA) in RC P870 and RC P680. The overall mechanisms, roles, and purposes of the pheophytin molecules in the two transport chains are analogous to each other.
label: pheophytin

Carbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Carbonate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Carbonate Concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate
definition: Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO3 2- (one carbon atom, three oxygen atoms negative 2 charge)
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1
alternative label: CO3 concentration

Freshwater Carbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Carbonate Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: freshwater CO3 concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Freshwater Carbonate Concentration
definition: Concentration of carbonate, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate

Freshwater Bicarbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Bicarbonate Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Bicarbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Bicarbonate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002011
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate
example_Of_Usage: CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1
definition: Concentration of bicarbonate in freshwater serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.

'Seawater Chlorophyll Fluorescence'
type: Class
subclass of: Fluorescence_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Chlorophyll
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00000015
hidden label: 'Seawater Chlorophyll Fluorescence'

Bacteria
type: Class
subclass of: Single-Celled Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: bacteria. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bacteria (accessed: June 30, 2016).
description: single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered to be plants
description_Source: WordNet
definition: a very large group of microorganisms comprising one of the three domains of living organisms. They are prokaryotic, unicellular, and either free-living in soil or water or parasites of plants or animals See also prokaryote
hidden label: Bacteria

Algae
type: Class
subclass of: Multi-Celled Organism
type: NamedIndividual
description: primitive chlorophyll-containing mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms lacking true stems and roots and leaves
definition: any of numerous groups of chlorophyll-containing, mainly aquatic eukaryotic organisms ranging from microscopic single-celled forms to multicellular forms 100 feet (30 meters) or more long, distinguished from plants by the absence of true roots, stems, and leaves and by a lack of nonreproductive cells in the reproductive structures: classified into the six phyla Euglenophyta, Crysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta.
definition_Source: http://www.dictionary.com/browse/algae
hidden label: Algae
alternative label: Alga
description_Source: WordNet
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

dissolved organic carbon
type: Class
subclass of: labile organic carbon
definition_Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html
has_Exact_Synonym: DOC
has_Related_Synonym: DOM
has_Related_Synonym: dissolved organic material
definition: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is defined as the organic matter that is able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). See particulate organic carbon.

particulate organic carbon
type: Class
subclass of: labile organic carbon
definition_Source: http://www.ecologydictionary.org/PARTICULATE_ORGANIC_MATTER_(POM)
has_Exact_Synonym: POC
has_Related_Synonym: POM
has_Related_Synonym: particulate organic matter
definition: Particulate organic carbon (POC), or particulate organic matter (POM) is that organic matter suspended in water, and that is not able to pass through a filter (filters generally range in size between 0.7 and 0.22 um). Usually plant or animal origin.

plant
type: Class
subclass of: Multi-Celled Organism
definition_Source: Plant Ontology, PO:0000003
has_Exact_Synonym: whole plant
definition: Defined by the Plant Ontology as a plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. PO label is 'whole plant'
hidden label: plant

soil layer
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000281
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_horizon#Layers
has_Related_Synonym: soil profile, soil profiles
comment: This is a grouping class, analogous to 'lake layer' and 'marine layer'
definition: A layer which is part of soil. Soil generally consists of visually and texturally distinct layers.
hidden label: soil layer

soil active layer
type: Class
subclass of: soil layer
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer
definition: In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn.
hidden label: soil active layer

Soil Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: carbon atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: carbon atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
comment: numerator is carbon, denominator is a volume or weight of soil.
definition: Concentration of carbon in soil, which could include all forms (eg, inorganic carbon, carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter). Soil carbon plays a key role in the carbon cycle, and thus it is important in global climate models.
hidden label: Soil Carbon Concentration

Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: measuresEntity
      all values from: Organic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has state
      all values from: Dissolved
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has state
  all values from: Dissolved
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) within aquatic systems
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: DOC
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon
hidden label: Aquatic Dissolved Organic Carbon

Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Organic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has state
      all values from: Solid
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Aquatic Particulate Organic Carbon
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Concentration of carbon in particulate form that is too large to pass through a filter in aquatic environments
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement
alternative label: POC
alternative label: Suspended Organic Carbon

Soil organic matter proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: organic_content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08
description: Organic content consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. SOM exerts numerous positive effects on soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the soil’s capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services.[1] Particularly, the presence of SOM is regarded as being critical for soil function and soil quality.[2]
IAO_0000115: Soil organic content proportion is the fractional amount of all organic matter components of soil, relative to a measurement of the total.

CO2 Concentration in air
type: Class
subclass of: CO2 Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002005
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00010504
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Concentration of CO2 in the earth's atmosphere
description: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, absorbing and emitting infrared radiation at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. This process causes carbon dioxide to warm the surface and lower atmosphere, while cooling the upper atmosphere.
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from ECSO: ECSO_00000046
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
alternative label: Near Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentration MOV

Methane Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Methane
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Flux
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: ECSO_00000011 (Carbon Flux), adapted for Methane
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
alternative label: CO2 Flux
definition: The rate at which Methane moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit area, time.

electromagnetic radiation
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation
comment: since light can be either a wave or a particle, is it a material entity? for ECSO purposes, yes.
definition: Electromagnetic radiation is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes. Visible light is one type of electromagnetic radiation; other familiar forms are invisible to the human eye, such as radio waves, infrared light and X-rays.
hidden label: electromagnetic radiation

00_unclassified_measurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: This is a "foster parent" class, for holding MTs that are not quite done. It is intended to be removed.
hidden label: 00_unclassified_measurementType
preferred label: 00 Unclassified Measurement Type

proportion_measurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Proportion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: dimensionless unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
see also: ratio, dimensionless quantity
definition: the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
hidden label: proportion_measurementType
preferred label: Proportion Measurement Type

solar radiation
type: Class
subclass of: electromagnetic radiation
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight
has_Related_Synonym: sunlight
definition: Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
hidden label: solar radiation

Temperature Measurement Type
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: PATO_0000146
type: NamedIndividual
description: the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
hidden label: temperature_measurementType
label: temperature_measurementType
alternative label: temp
description_Source: WordNet
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature#Temperature_measurement
definition: Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales. Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0K = −273.15°C, or absolute zero. The basic unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI) is the kelvin. It has the symbol K.

Carbon Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: MassFlux
type: NamedIndividual
see also: mass transport, mass transfer
alternative label: Mass Flux
hidden label: Carbon Flux
definition: The rate at which a mass or amount of carbon moves to or from a particular component of the ecosystem per unit time.
definition_Contributor: Chase LeCroy, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-9436 Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: Carbon fluxes are the movement of Carbon from one place (Source) to another (Sink). Carbon fluxes all have dimensions of {mass or amount of} Carbon per area (or volume) per time. Biochemically-oriented projects use moles (e.g., for Stoichiometry) rather than kg to quantify the amount of Carbon, whereas Climate-oriented projects use kg. When a system contains two or more components whose concentration vary from point to point, there is a natural tendency for mass to be transferred, minimizing any concentration difference within the system. Mass Transfer in a system is governed by Fick's First Law: 'Diffusion flux from higher concentration to lower concentration is proportional to the gradient of the concentration of the substance and the diffusivity of the substance in the medium.'
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Mass_transfer
definition_Source: Litton, C.M. et al. Carbon allocation in forest ecosystems. Global Change Biology. V 13 I 10. pp. 2089 - 2109. July 2007.

Radiative Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: WattPerMeterSquared
type: NamedIndividual
description: All processes in engineering involve the transfer of energy. Some examples are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes, distillations, etc. The basic principle is the first law of thermodynamics. The net flux of energy through a system equals the conductivity times the rate of change of temperature with respect to position.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
see also: energy transport, energy transfer, radiative flux, radiative flux density, radiation flux, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiant emittance, energy transfer
alternative label: Flux
hidden label: Radiative Flux
alternative label: Energy Flux
preferred label: Radiative flux
definition: Radiative flux is the amount of power radiated through a given area in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m2. Radiative flux also acts as a generalization of heat flux, which is equal to the radiative flux when restricted to the infrared spectrum. When radiative flux is incident on a surface, it is often called irradiance. Flux emitted from a surface may be called radiant exitance or radiant emittance.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Energy_transfer

Momentum Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena#Momentum_transfer
see also: momentum transfer
definition: In momentum transfer, the fluid is treated as a continuous distribution of matter. The study of momentum transfer, or fluid mechanics can be divided into two branches: fluid statics (fluids at rest), and fluid dynamics (fluids in motion).
hidden label: Momentum Flux

Ash Weight Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-09/970201967.Es.r.html
example_Of_Usage: AshWeight ash weight Soil Ash Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1
definition: Mass of the ash remaining from comustion of a dried sample, thus the inorganic content.
hidden label: Ash Weight Biomass

Nitrogen Fixation Rate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: nitrogen atom
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation
example_Of_Usage: n_fixation nitrogen fixation rate nitrogen fixation rate as integrated photic zone rates micromolPerLiterPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/299/1
definition: Nitrogen fixation is a process in which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3). Atmospheric nitrogen or molecular dinitrogen (N2) is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds. The fixation process frees nitrogen atoms from their triply bonded diatomic form, N≡N, to be used in other ways.
hidden label: Nitrogen Fixation Rate

Soil Bulk Density
type: Class
subclass of: mass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: ENVO_00005802
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: MassDensity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_density
example_Of_Usage: Dry Bulk density (g/cm3) Dry bulk density gramsPerCubicCentimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.301.8/html
comment: mass density numerator and denominator same entity
definition: Soil bulk density is a property used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel) defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy.
hidden label: Soil Bulk Density

Belowground Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_01000155
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
type: NamedIndividual
definition: The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time below a ground surface.
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop
alternative label: Belowground Standing Biomass
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Belowground Biomass
example_Of_Usage: agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html

Volumetric Water Content Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_content#Measurement
has_Related_Synonym: water content, moisture
definition: Water content can be directly measured using a known volume of the material, and a drying oven. Volumetric water content is calculated via the volume of water and the masses of water sample before and after drying in the oven. For materials that change in volume with water content, such as coal, the water content is expressed in terms of the mass of water per unit mass of the moist specimen.
hidden label: Volumetric Water Content Method

High Temperature Combustion
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Combustion
definition: In a combustion analyzer, half of the sample is injected into a chamber where it is acidified, usually with phosphoric acid, to turn all of the inorganic carbon into carbon dioxide. This is then sent to a detector for measurement. The other half of the sample is injected into a combustion chamber which is raised to between 600–700 °C, some even up to 1200 °C. Here, all the carbon reacts with oxygen, forming carbon dioxide. It's then flushed into a cooling chamber, and finally into the detector. Usually, the detector used is a non-dispersive infrared spectrophotometer. By finding the total inorganic carbon and subtracting it from the total carbon content, the amount of organic carbon is determined.
hidden label: High Temperature Combustion

biomass
type: Class
subclass of: Mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are not used for food or feed.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
preferred label: Biomass
hidden label: biomass
alternative label: biomatter
description_Source: WordNet
description: plant materials and animal waste used as fuel
see also: aboveground biomass

Temporal Rate
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
hidden label: Temporal Rate

Ammonium Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: CHEBI_51143
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: CHEBI_51143
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
hidden label: Ammonium Concentration
alternative label: NH4 concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/nutrient-management/nitrogen/understanding-nitrogen-in-soils/
definition: Ammonium (NH4) is the form of ammonia (NH3) typically found in water (aquatic environments, soil porewater). It is a postively charged cation. Ammonium is a source of nitrogen for plants, algae and phytoplankton.
example_Of_Usage: MIN_N Concentration ammoniom after incubaton at 40 deg C for 7 days (dry weight basis) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7 NH4, ammonium, concentration of ammonium https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/10/21

area_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Area
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000047
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area
definition: Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object.
hidden label: area_MeasurementType
preferred label: Area Measurement Type

Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_01000155
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: TOC
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon#Measurement
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Concentration of material derived from decaying vegetation, bacterial growth, and metabolic activities of living organisms or chemicals
hidden label: Aquatic Total Organic Carbon Concentration
example_Of_Usage: toc total organic carbon total organic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON

Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
type: NamedIndividual
description_Source: WordNet
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration
hidden label: Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
alternative label: Mole ratio
definition: Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any kind of chemical mixture, but most frequently it refers to solutes and solvents in solutions. The molar (amount) concentration has variants such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration.

Flux
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
hidden label: Flux

Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Aquatic Inorganic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Inorganic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Inorganic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002011
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has state
  all values from: Dissolved
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_inorganic_carbon
definition: The total inorganic carbon or dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution in freshwater. The inorganic carbon species include carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate anion, and carbonate.[1] It is customary to express carbon dioxide and carbonic acid simultaneously as CO2* . CT is a key parameter when making measurements related to the pH of natural aqueous systems,[2] and carbon dioxide flux estimates.
alternative label: DIC
hidden label: Freshwater Total Inorganic Carbon Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: dic dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved inorganic carbon milligramPerLiter urn:node:GLEON

Net Assimilation Rate Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v200/n4908/abs/200814a0.html
example_Of_Usage: Ai rate Net Assimilation Rate microMolesPerMetersSquaredPerSecond urn:node:LTER
comment: Confirm: Not sure what to do with these. in our corpus, there is only only one dataset with this measurement (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1150/1) It seems like it is a Specific production rate, but we have not decided how to model these combinations of existing measurement types
definition: the rate of increase of dry weight per unit of leaf area
hidden label: Net Assimilation Rate Flux

Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Organic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Organic Carbon
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has state
  all values from: Dissolved
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: DOC concentration
alternative label: DOC Concentration
hidden label: Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: doc dissolved organic carbon dissolved organic carbon milligramPerLiter s_DOC surface stream organic carbon milligramsPerLiter w_DOC shallow riparian groundwater organic urn:node:GLEON
alternative label: DOC
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolved_organic_carbon
definition: Concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , which is a broad classification for organic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems. The "dissolved" fraction of organic carbon is an operational classification. Many researchers use the term "dissolved" for compounds below 0.45 micrometers, but 0.22 micrometers is also common, saving colloidal for higher concentrations. A practical definition of dissolved typically used in marine chemistry is all substances that pass through a GF/F filter.

Oceanic Carbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Carbonate Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Carbonate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002010
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: marine CO3 concentration
definition: Concentration of carbonate in sea water, which is a salt of carbonic acid characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, CO2−3
alternative label: marine carbonate concentration
alternative label: seawater carbonate concentration
hidden label: Oceanic Carbonate Concentration
example_Of_Usage: HCO3_CO2calc_output HCO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of bicarbonate ion micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER
alternative label: seawater CO3 concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate

Carbon Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: total_c Total carbon Percentage urn:node:TERN
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: percent carbon
hidden label: Carbon Percentage
definition: Percentage of a sample that is carbon

Carbon Specific Net Production Rate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: Net_Carbon_Production rate Periphyton Net carbon production milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3
hidden label: Carbon Specific Net Production Rate

Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Respiration Carbon Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_respiration
example_Of_Usage: Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour urn:node:LTER
definition: Carbon respiration (also called carbon emissions and carbon releases) is used in combination with carbon fixation to gauge carbon flux (as CO2) between atmospheric carbon and the global carbon cycle.
hidden label: Net Carbon Respiration Rate Flux

Organic Carbon Concentration, in Water
type: Class
subclass of: Organic Carbon Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Organic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Organic Carbon
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: POC [umol/l] particulate organic carbon concentration of POC from CHN analysis micromolePerLiter s_extOC surface soil extractable organic Carbon in mg per kg dry urn:node:LTER
definition: Concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) is the concentration of amount of carbon found in an organic compound
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Organic Carbon Concentration in Water
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_organic_carbon
alternative label: TOC
label: Organic Carbon Concentration in Water

Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Bicarbonate Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Bicarbonate
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002010
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: Class
    intersection of: Bicarbonate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00002010
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate
example_Of_Usage: CO3_CO2calc_output CO3, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentration of carbonate ion, micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER
definition: Concentration of bicarbonate in sea water serves a crucial biochemical role in the physiological pH buffering system. Bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid.
hidden label: Oceanic Bicarbonate Concentration

Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: CO2 Concentration
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_00002010
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: Carbon Dioxide
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00002010
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Concentration of carbon dioxide in sea water, a naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms
alternative label: Oceanic CO2 Concentration
hidden label: Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Concentration
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: CO2_CO2calc_output CO2, CO2calc output (micromol/kgSW) Concentraiton of CO2,; micromol per kilogram seawater (CO2calc output) milliMolesPerKilogram urn:node:LTER

Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: carbon atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_01001305
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation
example_Of_Usage: coupledvegCchange coupledvegCchange coupled vegetation Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER
definition: Change in carbon percentage of vegetation, which are assemblages of plant species and the ground cover they provide.
hidden label: Vegetation Carbon Change Percentage

Soil Carbon Change Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: carbon atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon
example_Of_Usage: coupledsoilCchange coupledsoilCchange coupled soil Carbon change dimensionless (coupled/uncoupled) urn:node:LTER
definition: Soil carbon change percentage includes change of both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter.
hidden label: Soil Carbon Change Percentage

Aboveground Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: plant-derived organic material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00010504
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Aboveground Standing Biomass
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: The total amount or weight, or energy content, of (a portion of) organisms existing in a specific area at a particular time. In plants, the standing crop pertains to the amount of plant material harvested by normal procedures, and may not necessarily include the entire plant.
alternative label: standing biomass
example_Of_Usage: agb "agb" is the standing above ground biomass of each measured stem, given by the formula: AGB = 0.0673 x (ρD²H) 0.976 kilogram www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/tucker.17.15/html
hidden label: Aboveground Biomass
definition_Source: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Standing_crop

Growth Rate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  union of: Population
  union of: Organism
  union of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Growth_rate
example_Of_Usage: Growth_rate_carbon Growth rate, carbon The seasonal growth rate of M. pyrifera carbon mass (day-1). This variable is calculated as the growth rate necessary to explain the observed change in biomass during each period, given the initial biomass and the independently measured loss rates (see Section I.B Equation 1). Growth rates for all days in each season are averaged. reciprocalDay urn:node:LTER
definition: The rate, or speed, at which the number of organisms in a population increases.
hidden label: Growth Rate

Net Primary Production Biomass Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production
example_Of_Usage: npp Net primary production (g m-2 yr-1) dimensionless this is one that needs the NPP in plant weight, not carbon. doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3
definition: Net primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide accountig for losses to processes such as cellular respiration. Biomass flux is the change in biomass over a given area over time. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy.
hidden label: Net Primary Production Biomass Flux

Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: Organism
    union of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: environmental material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: nitrogen atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio
example_Of_Usage: C_to_N Ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:LTER
alternative label: Carbon-nitrogen ratio
definition: Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in a substance. It can, amongst other things, be used in analysing sediments and compost. A useful application for C/N ratios is as a proxy for paleoclimate research, having different uses whether the sediment cores are terrestrial-based or marine-based. Carbon-to-nitrogen ratios are an indicator for nitrogen limitation of plants and other organisms and can identify whether molecules found in the sediment under study come from land-based or algal plants. Further, they can distinguish between different land-based plants, depending on the type of photosynthesis they undergo.
alternative label: C to N Ratio

Wet Weight Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: wet
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm
definition: The biomass is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it.
example_Of_Usage: biomass Biomass Wet weight (kg) of kelp canopy in the pixel (900 meter squared) kilogram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/54/6
alternative label: Fresh Weight
hidden label: Wet Weight Biomass

Transpiration Height
type: Class
subclass of: Water Height
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration
example_Of_Usage: Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110159.2
definition: Height of transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism.
hidden label: Transpiration Height

count_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Count
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: count unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting
comment: Count count dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/gtg488d.4.1
definition: Counting is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of objects. The traditional way of counting consists of continually increasing a (mental or spoken) counter by a unit for every element of the set, in some order, while marking (or displacing) those elements to avoid visiting the same element more than once, until no unmarked elements are left; if the counter was set to one after the first object, the value after visiting the final object gives the desired number of elements. The related term enumeration refers to uniquely identifying the elements of a finite (combinatorial) set or infinite set by assigning a number to each element.
hidden label: count_MeasurementType
preferred label: Count Measurement Type

Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon-13
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: carbonStableIsotopeRatio Carbon SI ratio Carbon stable isotope ratio of the bulk sample in standard delta units relative to VPDB to the nearest 0.1 Ratio urn:node:GOA
alternative label: Carbon SI Ratio
definition: An isotopic signature is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material. The ratios of isotopes in a sample material are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The atomic mass of different isotopes affect their chemical kinetic behavior, leading to natural isotope separation processes. For example, different sources and sinks of methane have different affinity for the 12C and 13C isotopes, which allows distinguishing between different sources by the 13C/12C ratio in methane in the air.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_signature#Carbon_isotopes
alternative label: Carbon Isotope Ratio

Carbon Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: Carbon Weight
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass
hidden label: Carbon Biomass
example_Of_Usage: wtC Carbon Weight Weight of carbon in sample dimensionless df35b.161.4
definition: Amount of carbon present in biomass

Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: nitrogen atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: nitrogen atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) Total soil nitrogen (mg/kg) milligramsPerKilogram urn:node:LTER
alternative label: Total soil N
definition: total amount of nitrogen (usually mass) per volume of soil
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Total Soil Nitrogen Concentration

Nitrogen Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: nitrogen atom
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: Percent_N Percent Nitrogen dimensionless urn:node:KNB
definition: Percentage of a sample that is nitrogen
hidden label: Nitrogen Percentage

Freshwater
type: Class
subclass of: Secchi Depth Method
hidden label: Freshwater

Plant Material Biomass Density
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
example_Of_Usage: Browse biomass (g DM_m-1) Browse biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2 Preferred biomass (g DM_m-1) Preferred biomass (g DM.m-1) dimensionless judithk.109849.2
definition: Biomass excluding non-plants per unit area at a given time.
hidden label: Plant Material Biomass Density

Plant Material Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
example_Of_Usage: Stem/branch/foliage biomass Stem/branch/foliage biomass kilogram cmchiu.135.2
definition: Biomass excluding non-plants
hidden label: Plant Material Biomass

Non-Plant Material Biomass Density
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: plant-derived organic material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
example_Of_Usage: salmonBM2005 Salmon Biomass 05 Salmon Biomass in 2005 kilogramsPerSquareMeter df35b.159.6
definition: Biomass excluding plants per unit area at a given time.
hidden label: Non-Plant Material Biomass Density

Non-Plant Material Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: plant-derived organic material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
example_Of_Usage: basSpawnBM2004 Basin Spawner Biomass 2004 Basin spawner biomass in 2004 in metric tons tonne df35b.159.6
definition: Biomass excluding plants
hidden label: Non-Plant Material Biomass

Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: PATO_0001824
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass
example_Of_Usage: Column 12 Halodule Biomass (g AFDW) of Halodule leaves and rhizomes dimensionless (where AFDW is ash-free dry weight) doi:10.5063/AA/hstuar01.6.3
definition: The dry mass of a biomass sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water).
hidden label: Ash Free Dry Weight Biomass

Sampling Site Area
type: Class
subclass of: area_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00010504
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Sampling Site Area
definition_Source: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Area http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Sample https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat
example_Of_Usage: fert_area measurement area of the experimental unit : m² for fertilization manipulation squareMeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.347.3
IAO_0000115: a selected subset of a population over the extent of a surface; a sample may be random or nonrandom; representative or nonrepresentative
alternative label: quadrat

Dry Weight Biomass
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: PATO_0001824
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass
example_Of_Usage: DryWeight dry weight X Dry Weight gram https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1115/1
hidden label: Dry Weight Biomass
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: Dry Weight
definition: The weight of dry biomass matter when completely dried (lacks or excluding water).

Ocean
type: Class
subclass of: Secchi Depth Method
hidden label: Ocean

hectare
type: Class
subclass of: UO_0000047
hidden label: hectare

Leaf Area Index
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: plant-derived organic material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00010504
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_01001305
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Leaf Area Index
alternative label: LAI
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index
example_Of_Usage: LAI Leaf Area Index number www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.377.4/html
definition: Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies.

Identity
type: Class
subclass of: 00_unclassified_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: Identifier
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical [countable] object (or class thereof), or physical [noncountable] substance (or class thereof). The abbreviation ID often refers to identity, identification (the process of identifying), or an identifier (that is, an instance of identification). An identifier may be a word, number, letter, symbol, or any combination of those.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier
alternative label: Identifier
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: ID
hidden label: Identity

square kilometer
type: Class
subclass of: UO_0000047
hidden label: square kilometer

Water pH
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: dimensionless unit
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: pH_tot_insitu in situ pH, Total scale seaFET pH, Total scale (CO2calc input) dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/6004/1
definition: pH of water is based on a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic. Pure water is neutral, being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively.
alternative label: pH
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH
alternative label: ph
hidden label: Water pH
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Count Density
type: Class
subclass of: areal_density_MeasurementType
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density
definition: Number density is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects in a given physical space.
alternative label: number density
hidden label: Count Density
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: LeafNum density Number of Thalassia testudinum Leaves Per Short Shoot leafnumberPerShortShoot https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1130/2
comment: Confirm: if OBOE class ArealDensity is for physical (material) measuements, then we need a different characteristics for this class, eg, analogous to biomass_density.

Potential Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_temperature
example_Of_Usage: potemp00 potential temperature from first sensor pair Temperature after the effects of compression have been removed. Defined as the temperature of a parcel of water at the sea surface after it has been raised adiabatically from some depth in the ocean celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6
definition: The potential temperature of a parcel of fluid at pressure is the temperature that the parcel would acquire if adiabatically brought to a standard reference pressure, usually 1000 millibars.
hidden label: Potential Temperature

Precipitation Rate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
example_Of_Usage: WaterLevel water level water level centimetersPerDay https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1098/3
definition: Rate of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.
hidden label: Precipitation Rate

Air Moisture Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_01000266
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000163
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: Relative Humidity
alternative label: Air Humidity
definition: Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor, is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms of water, water vapor is invisible. Under typical atmospheric conditions, water vapor is continuously generated by evaporation and removed by condensation. It is lighter than air and triggers convection currents that can lead to clouds.
alternative label: humidity
hidden label: Air Moisture Percentage
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor
example_Of_Usage: Humidity in % Humidity in % dimensionless peggym.109987.2

Water Salinity
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: ENVO_00002006
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: dimensionless unit
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity
hidden label: Water Salinity
example_Of_Usage: Salinity salinity Composite salinity PSU (practical salinity unit) doi:10.6073/AA/knb-lter-fce.39.5
definition: Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water (see also soil salinity). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water.
alternative label: Salinity
alternative label: salinity

Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: ENVO_00002006
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: ENVO_00002006
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: dimensionless unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity
example_Of_Usage: Soil_Salinity_Porewater Porewater salinity calculated from soil sample dry weight and salinity of supernatant after resuspension in water dimensionless https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/433/8
definition: Concentration of soil salinity, the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about through artificial processes such as irrigation.
hidden label: Soil Porewater Salinity Concentration

Volume Fraction Biomass Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
example_Of_Usage: col_4144 CephalopVol biomass milliliterPerThousandCubicMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1
comment: Confirm: This class may be deprecated, or transformed somehow for use in population measurements. For now, only one dataset in the corpus uses it, for a common representation of abundance, for groups of organisms. (https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pal/212/1)
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume.
hidden label: Volume Fraction Biomass Concentration

temporal_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: duration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  some values from: UO_0000003
hidden label: temporal_MeasurementType
preferred label: Temporal Measurement Type

areal_density_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: ArealDensity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Physics definition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density General defiintion: https://www.google.com/#q=define+density
comment: There could be a subclass for a material's areal density that measuresCharacterstic only ArealDensity
definition: The quantity, amount, weight, etc or things in a given area or space, ie, where the numerator and denominator are different entities. If the numerator and denominator are the same entity, then this would be a measurement of material density (of a 2-dimensional object), eg, as in physics.
hidden label: areal_density_MeasurementType
preferred label: Areal Density Measurement Type

Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density
type: Class
subclass of: Count Density
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: plant-derived organic material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: OBSERVATION animal density of Cymatogaster aggregata numberPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/5556/2
definition: Number of non-plant material entities (i.e. animals, fungi) per unit area at a given time
hidden label: Non-Plant Material Count Aerial Density

Plant Material Count Aerial Density
type: Class
subclass of: Count Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: AESPRA Plant density Aeschynomene pratensis numberPerMeterSquared taxa:Aeschynomene_pratensis
definition: Number of plant material entities (i.e. trees, plant parts) per unit area at a given time
hidden label: Plant Material Count Aerial Density

Built Feature Count Aerial Density
type: Class
subclass of: Count Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00003075
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: roadDens_BUFR Density of roads within the buffer. Derived using methods of Pechenick et al. 2014 (km^-1) dimensionless cgries.16.1
definition: Number of built feature entities (i.e. roads, bridges) per unit area at a given time
hidden label: Built Feature Count Aerial Density

Litter Biomass Density
type: Class
subclass of: Plant Material Biomass Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant litter
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Litter
example_Of_Usage: avg/m2 mean litterfall gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/8/18
see also: leaf litter
definition: Mass of undecomposed biomass material found on the forest floor per unit area at a given time.
hidden label: Litter Biomass Density

Tide Height
type: Class
subclass of: Water Height
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide
example_Of_Usage: Mean_Higher_High_Water Mean higher-high water based on historic station datum meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-gce/249/33
definition: Height of tides, which are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth.
hidden label: Tide Height

Sea Level Height
type: Class
subclass of: Water Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ocean surface
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level
example_Of_Usage: Mean Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level Mean Monthly Sea Level meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1059/3
definition: Height of sea level, which is generally used to refer to mean sea level (MSL), an average level for the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.
hidden label: Sea Level Height

Water Height
type: Class
subclass of: Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water
example_Of_Usage: Evap Daily evapottranspiration in mm millimeter peggym.110155.3
definition: Height of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms.
hidden label: Water Height

Wave Height
type: Class
subclass of: Water Height
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_height
example_Of_Usage: Wave_Height Wave-height in meters df35d.398.6
definition: The wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighbouring trough.
hidden label: Wave Height

Non-Plant Material Length
type: Class
subclass of: Length
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: ENVO_01000155
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: Organism
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: Body_Length Body Length (mm) millimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.919.3
definition: Length of an entity that is not a plant (i.e. body length of a specimen)
hidden label: Non-Plant Material Length

Soil Wet Weight
type: Class
subclass of: mass_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: wet
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Soil Wet Weight
alternative label: Soil Wet Mass
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/wet-weight.htm
definition: Soil is not dried to remove water. The amount of the chemical found in subsequent analysis is expressed as the weight of chemical divided by the total weight, including any water present, of the material which once contained it.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: 1 Difference/Dry weight proportion of water in soil sample dimensionless judithk.1264.2

Nitrogen Biomass Density
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: nitrogen atom
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Nitrogen Biomass Density
alternative label: Nitrogen Pool Biomass Density
example_Of_Usage: Woody N Pool Woody N Pool Woody N Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)
definition: Mass of nitrogen in biomass per unit area at a given time.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Carbon Biomass Density
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Carbon Biomass Density
definition_Source: Adapted from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biomass
definition: The total mass per area of all carbon in living material in a specific area, habitat, or region.
alternative label: Carbon Pool Biomass Density
example_Of_Usage: Woody C Pool Woody C Pool Woody C Pool gramsPerSquareMeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/344/16
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

NumberPerMeterSquared
type: Class
subclass of: areal density unit
hidden label: NumberPerMeterSquared

GramPerMeterSquared
type: Class
subclass of: mass density unit
hidden label: GramPerMeterSquared

Time Step
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_MeasurementType
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time
alternative label: duration
IAO_0000115: Interval of time representing duration of observation
alternative label: time interval
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Time Step

Dry Mass Density
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapyed from http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Dry_mass
example_Of_Usage: Dry_m2 Dry Mass Dry mass density derived from estimates of density or percent cover and laboratory estimates of taxa dry mass. gramPerMeterSquared https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/49/8
definition: The dry matter of a sample or of an object when completely dried (lacks or excluding water) per area
hidden label: Dry Mass Density

pressure_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Pressure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: pressure unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure
IAO_0000115: Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.
hidden label: pressure_MeasurementType
preferred label: Pressure Measurement Type

Air Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002005
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure
example_Of_Usage: Pa Air Pressure pascal ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml
alternative label: Atmospheric Pressure
hidden label: Air Pressure
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Seawater Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002149
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater
example_Of_Usage: Pressure [db] pressure center of the pressure averaging interval decibar https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6
definition: Pressure of seawater, or salt water, which is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, or 599 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ions).
hidden label: Seawater Pressure

Sample Count
type: Class
subclass of: count_MeasurementType
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting
example_Of_Usage: N_OBSERVED number of observations actually observed in a sample number https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/3114/2
definition: Counting entities within a sample is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities constrained within a sample.
alternative label: count
hidden label: Sample Count
alternative label: abundance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Entity Count
type: Class
subclass of: count_MeasurementType
type: NamedIndividual
example_Of_Usage: Average number of live pupae per mature tree based on average number of pupae per square meter (surface area excavated) and assuming that pupae are found around each mopane tree to a radius of 1.25m (calculation made on sheet 3: Hole specs and density calcs). dimensionless judithk.1287.1
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting
alternative label: count
hidden label: Entity Count
definition: Counting entities is the action of finding the number of elements of a finite set of entities.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Aerial Cover Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00010504
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover
example_Of_Usage: OBSERVATION plant cover of Dasyochloa pulchella (low woollygrass) percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/15283/2
see also: ground cover
definition: The abundances of plant species are often measured by plant cover, i.e. the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities. Plant cover data may be used to classify the studied plant community into a vegetation type, to test different ecological hypothesis on plant abundance, and in gradient studies, where the effects of different environmental gradients on the abundance of specific plant species are investigated. The most common way to measure plant cover in herbal plant communities, is to make a visual assessment of the relative area covered by the different species in a small plot (see quadrat).
hidden label: Aerial Cover Percentage

Crown Cover Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: plant-derived organic material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_01001305
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_closure
example_Of_Usage: CC (%) Percentage crown cover Percentage www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.635.9/html
definition: Crown cover is the proportion of a stand covered by the crowns of live trees.
alternative label: Crown Cover
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Crown Cover Percentage

Canopy Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00000047
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology)
example_Of_Usage: %CC Percentage canopy cover of a single plot, calculated with a supervisd classification with maximum likelihood classifier(IDRISI GIS) on the area of an experimental burn plot dimensionless judithk.173.7
definition: Percentage cover of canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns
hidden label: Canopy Percentage

Name
type: Class
subclass of: 00_unclassified_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: Name
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name
definition: A name is a term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name.
hidden label: Name

Sampled Individuals Proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Population
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_(statistics)
example_Of_Usage: N1 Proportion of individuals sampled who were in the naupliar 1 stage number ark:/90135/q13j39xf/4/mrt-eml.xml
definition: A data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected from a statistical population about entities by a defined procedure.
hidden label: Sampled Individuals Proportion

Area Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00010504
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat
example_Of_Usage: PCT_WETLAND_BUFR Percent of buffer area as Wetlands (Woody + Herbaceous) squareKilometers cgries.16.1
definition: An area, such as a quadrat sample, can be used to measure the percentage cover of an entity, such as a certain species
hidden label: Area Percentage

Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon atom
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: units typical for this kind of measurement are milligramsPerGramPerHour e.g, see these attributes and dataset: GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3
hidden label: Carbon Specific Gross Production Rate

Plant Cover Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: plant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: ENVO_00010504
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cover
example_Of_Usage: OBSERVATION plant cover of Carex percent https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/ecotrends/2645/2
definition: Percentage of plant cover, which is the relative area covered by different plant species in a small plot. Plant cover is not biased by the size and distributions of individuals, and is an important and often measured characteristic of the composition of plant communities.
hidden label: Plant Cover Percentage

mass_density_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: MassDensity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: mass density unit
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
hidden label: mass_density_MeasurementType
preferred label: Mass Density Measurement Type

volumetric_density_MeasurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: VolumetricMassDensity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: volumetric density unit
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
example_Of_Usage: density density of animals density of animals per liter numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is a characteristic, such as mass or count, per unit volume.
hidden label: volumetric_density_MeasurementType
preferred label: Volumetric Density Measurement Type

Biomass Volumetric Density
type: Class
subclass of: volumetric_density_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_01000155
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Biomass Volumetric Density
alternative label: abundance
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
example_Of_Usage: cal_sp_ls Average biomass (mg C m-3) of calanoid copepodites and adults during Spring (March-May) in the low salinity zone (0.5-10 ppt) dimensionless doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.958.8
alternative label: richness
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density of biomass per unit volume.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Number Volumetric Density
type: Class
subclass of: volumetric_density_MeasurementType
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density
example_Of_Usage: density number per liter number per liter summed over sex and stage and volumetrically integrated over the water column numberPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/37/11
definition: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric count density of entities per unit volume.
hidden label: Number Volumetric Density

Biomass Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    some values from: carbon atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: BFO_0000050
    some values from: ENVO_01000155
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: carbon atom
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration
example_Of_Usage: total_biomass total biomass of taxon total biomass of taxon milligramPerLiter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/79/4
definition: Abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture, or concentration, of biomass, which is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms
hidden label: Biomass Concentration

Water Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water
example_Of_Usage: waterdepth depth below water surface in meter meter cgries.23.1
definition: Depth of water, which is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of organisms.
hidden label: Water Depth

Seawater Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Water Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ocean surface
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea
alternative label: Sea Depth
example_Of_Usage: Bot_ Depth [m] Bot. Depth [m] depth to the bottom at this station, column required by ODV meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6
hidden label: Seawater Depth
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Depth in a sea, which is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.

Snow Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: snow
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow
example_Of_Usage: Mean snow depth Irkutsk - boulder Snow & Ice data Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk Weather station Snow depth in cm at Irkutsk station in the National Snow and Ice Data Center's Historical Soviet Daily Snow Depth - version 2.0 centimeter doi:10.5063/AA/nceas.290.8
definition: Depth of snow, which is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds
hidden label: Snow Depth

Lake Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Water Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00000105
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake
example_Of_Usage: depth_ned lake depth lake depth derived from National Elevation Dataset meter ben.1.1
definition: Depth of a lake, which is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.
hidden label: Lake Depth

Soil Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil
example_Of_Usage: depth Depth range of layer centimeter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.182.10/html
definition: Depth of soil, which is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth.
hidden label: Soil Depth

Secchi Depth Method
type: Class
subclass of: Field Method
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secchi_disk
definition: The disc is mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly down in the water. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity.
hidden label: Secchi Depth Method

Litter Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant litter
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter
example_Of_Usage: LITTER Letter depth centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-and/3142/7
see also: leaf litter
definition: The depth of dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O horizon ("O" for "organic").
hidden label: Litter Depth

Soil Active Layer Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Soil Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: soil active layer
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Soil Active Layer Depth
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: Active_Layer (cm) Active_Layer (cm) Active layer depth for the day of the measurement (in cm) centimeter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/190/20
definition: In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In all climates, whether they contain permafrost or not, the temperature in the lower levels of the soil will remain more stable than that at the surface, where the influence of the ambient temperature is greatest.
alternative label: Active Layer Thickness
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_layer

Specifc Net Production Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Specific Flux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production
example_Of_Usage: NPP net primary productivity Net primary productivity milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1087/3
comment: Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator
definition: Net primary production (NPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area Net primary production flux is the rate at which all the plants in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy, in this case, relative to another mass (usually of the same plant)
hidden label: Specifc Net Production Flux

Stream Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Water Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00000023
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream
example_Of_Usage: Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Logger 1 (tide gauge) Dc (m) Depth of water (in m) above creek bottom relative to the tide gauge meter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-pie/161/3
definition: Depth of a stream, which is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks.
hidden label: Stream Depth

Groundwater Depth
type: Class
subclass of: Water Depth
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: ENVO_00002041
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater
example_Of_Usage: SBAS3_BR_80 readings (mm). actual water level below ground surface millimeter judithk.1716.4
definition: Depth of groundwater (or ground water), which is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table.
hidden label: Groundwater Depth

Tree Crown Diameter
type: Class
subclass of: Diameter
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Tree Crown Diameter
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement
definition: Diameter of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown.
example_Of_Usage: ActualCrown Actual crown diameter centimeter judithk.1060.2
alternative label: Crown Diameter

Tree Canopy Diameter
type: Class
subclass of: Diameter
type: NamedIndividual
hidden label: Tree Canopy Diameter
definition: Diameter of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology)
alternative label: Canopy Diameter
example_Of_Usage: Canopy_diam1 First diagonal of the canopy diameter meter judithk.1000.13
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Ground Heat Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: land
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/ground_heat_flux.shtml
example_Of_Usage: G1 G1 Ground heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1
definition: Ground heat flux is the process where heat energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the subsurface of the Earth via conduction. It is an important component of the Earth’s surface energy budget. Ground heat flux can be presented by the amount of heat transmitted per unit of area per unit of time.
hidden label: Ground Heat Flux

Tag Number
type: Class
subclass of: Identity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: TagNumber
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A tag number provides an alphanumeric string of characters to refer to an entity. A TagNumber is typically used to uniquely identify an entity such as a sample or an individual specimen such as a tree or a rock sample.
alternative label: Tag
hidden label: Tag Number
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from OBOE definition of tag number

Occurrence
type: Class
subclass of: 00_unclassified_measurementType
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: binary indication of an instance of something occurring (i.e. presence - yes, no)
definition_Source: WordNet
hidden label: Occurrence
alternative label: occurrent

Latent Heat Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Radiative Flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: electromagnetic radiation
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/latent_heat_flux.shtml
example_Of_Usage: LE LE Latent heat flux wattPerMeterSquared knb-lter-arc.20005.1
definition: Latent heat flux is the flux of heat from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation of water at the surface and subsequent condensation of water vapor in the troposphere. It is an important component of Earth's surface energy budget. Latent heat flux is commonly measured with the Bowen ratio technique, or by eddy covariance.
hidden label: Latent Heat Flux

Tree Canopy Height
type: Class
subclass of: Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00000047
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Height of the canopy, which is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns
alternative label: Canopy Height
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_(biology)
example_Of_Usage: Canopy cover The furthest distance of the canopy reach from the base of the tree (m). meter judithk.1256.3
hidden label: Tree Canopy Height
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Tree Crown Height
type: Class
subclass of: Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_crown_measurement
example_Of_Usage: Crown length (m) Crown length meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/lloyd.628.7/html
definition: Height of the crown of a tree, which consists of the mass of foliage and branches growing outward from the trunk of the tree. The average crown spread is the average horizontal width of the crown, taken from dripline to dripline as one moves around the crown.
hidden label: Tree Crown Height
preferred label: Crown Height

Plant Material Height
type: Class
subclass of: Height
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: plant-derived organic material
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: h1 Stem 1 height meter www.supersites.net.au/knb/metacat/supersite.116.9/html
definition: Height of a physical entity that is a plant or part of a plant (i.e. tree trunk height)
hidden label: Plant Material Height

Precipitation Height
type: Class
subclass of: Water Height
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
example_Of_Usage: Rain Total daily rainfall in mm millimeter peggym.110130.3
definition: Height of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. Precipitation occurs when a portion of the atmosphere becomes saturated with water vapor, so that the water condenses and "precipitates".
hidden label: Precipitation Height

Carbon Dioxide Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Carbon Dioxide
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
example_Of_Usage: fCO2_CO2calc_input fCO2, measured (microatm) Fugosity of CO2 (measured), in saturated air at equilibrium with water in microatmospheres (CO2calc input) microatmosphere https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/75/1
definition: Pressure of carbon dioxide gas, which is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms.
hidden label: Carbon Dioxide Pressure

Air Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002005
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: Ta Air Temperature celsius ark:/90135/q17s7kq7/1/mrt-eml.xml
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of air
hidden label: Air Temperature

Seawater Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Water Temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: ENVO_00001999
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1009/6
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in sea
hidden label: Seawater Temperature

Water Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: T00 water temperature, from primary sensor ITS-90, based on International Temperature Scale of 1990 celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/1007/6
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water
hidden label: Water Temperature

Peat Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00005774
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: temperature temperature celsius doi:10.5063/AA/Jinyuntang.15.5
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of peat
hidden label: Peat Temperature

Ground Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: land
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: avg_grndt average ground temperature celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/68/21
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of ground
hidden label: Ground Temperature

Soil Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: s_temp soil temperature at 10 cm depth celsius https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hfr/130/13
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of soil
hidden label: Soil Temperature

Lake Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Water Temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: ENVO_00000020
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature
example_Of_Usage: meanT_1m Seasonal (June to October) mean temperature for the 1 meter stratum celsius df35d.362.10
definition: Objective comparative measure of hot or cold of water in lake
hidden label: Lake Temperature

Specifc Gross Production Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Specific Flux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_production#Gross_primary_production_and_net_primary_production
example_Of_Usage: GrossProductionPerMass rate Periphyton Gross Production per Mass milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3
comment: Carbon in the numerator (weight or moles) and measured weight (in weight or moles) in both the numerator and denominator. For example, carbon or some other material can be in the numerator.
definition: Gross primary production (GPP) flux that relative to another mass (or other measurement of amount, eg, leaf area, plant wet weight) that primary producers create in a given length of time over a given area
hidden label: Specifc Gross Production Flux

Wind Speed
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002005
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity
example_Of_Usage: Wind speed Wind speed metersPerSecond peggym.109987.2
comment: Wind measurements are usually reported in two parts: speed and direction. Velocity is direction-aware, so would be a combined form of these (the OBOE observation). A measurement of a wind vector would be wind velocity, and would need a new class.
definition: The speed of wind is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
hidden label: Wind Speed

Water Velocity
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity
example_Of_Usage: XVEL velocity water velocity in x direction centimetersPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1135/1
definition: The velocity of water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
hidden label: Water Velocity

Seawater Velocity
type: Class
subclass of: Water Velocity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: ENVO_00001999
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity
example_Of_Usage: E_Vel_02_5m_bin E_Vel_02.5m_bin adcp, east velocity, 02.5m up from bottom, westward values are negative meterPerSecond https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sbc/2005/15
definition: The velocity of sea water is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
hidden label: Seawater Velocity

volume_measurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Volume
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000095
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume
definition: Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape occupies or contains.
hidden label: volume_measurementType
preferred label: Volume Measurement Type

Precipitation Volume
type: Class
subclass of: volume_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00002006
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation
example_Of_Usage: Total_Precipitation Volume Volume of total precipitation in bucket milliliter https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1067/3
definition: Volume of precipitation, which is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity
hidden label: Precipitation Volume

Physical Feature Width
type: Class
subclass of: Width
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00003075
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: TrWidth Transect width Width of transect, typically 300m (150m on each side and in front of vessel) meter jstocking.3.4
definition: Width of a physical abiotic entity (i.e. width of a stream)
hidden label: Physical Feature Width

count unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
hidden label: count unit

Number
type: Class
subclass of: count unit
hidden label: Number

Soil Dry Weight
type: Class
subclass of: mass_measurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000086
  some values from: PATO_0001824
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Adapted from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+mass
alternative label: Soil Dry Mass
example_Of_Usage: Weight1dry weight of soil sample after drying in an oven for 24 hours. dimensionless judithk.1264.2
hidden label: Soil Dry Weight
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Weight of soil dried at 105 °C until no further water loss takes place

mass_measurementType
type: Class
subclass of: Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresUsingStandard
  all values from: UO_0000002
definition_Source: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass
definition: mass is a property of a physical body. It is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. In the theory of relativity a related concept is the mass–energy content of a system. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
hidden label: mass_measurementType
preferred label: Mass Measurement Type

Chlorophyll Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Plant Pigment Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Chlorophyll
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
IAO_0000115: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll
definition: The concentration of chlorophyll, which are related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. to do: delete extra string.
hidden label: Chlorophyll Concentration

GramPerCentimeterCubed
type: Class
equivalent class: GramPerCentimeterCubed
subclass of: mass density unit

GramPerCentimeterCubed
type: Class
subclass of: mass density unit
hidden label: GramPerCentimeterCubed

Oxygen Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: oxygen atom
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: BFO_0000050
      some values from: environmental material
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: Dissolved Oxygen Concentration
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen
hidden label: Oxygen Concentration
definition: Concentration of oxygen, which is a chemical element that is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as other compounds
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen
description: Free oxygen also occurs in solution in the world's water bodies. The increased solubility of O2 at lower temperatures has important implications for ocean life, as polar oceans support a much higher density of life due to their higher oxygen content. Water polluted with plant nutrients such as nitrates or phosphates may stimulate growth of algae by a process called eutrophication and the decay of these organisms and other biomaterials may reduce the O2 content in eutrophic water bodies. Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O2 needed to restore it to a normal concentration.
alternative label: O2 concentration

volumetric density unit
type: Class
subclass of: density unit
hidden label: volumetric density unit

GramPerMeterCubed
type: Class
subclass of: volumetric density unit
hidden label: GramPerMeterCubed

Pheophytin Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Plant Pigment Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Pheophytin
type: NamedIndividual
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin
definition: Concentration of pheophytin, which is chemical compound that serves as the first electron carrier intermediate in the electron transfer pathway of photosystem II (PS II) in plants, and the photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
alternative label: Phaeophytin Concentration
hidden label: Pheophytin Concentration
comment: Structurally, phaeophytin is a chlorophyll molecule without the central magnesium ion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin
alternative label: Pheo Concentration

Depth
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  all values from: environmental feature
hidden label: Depth

Diameter
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
hidden label: Diameter

Height
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  union of: Organism
  union of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: environmental feature

Length
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  union of: Organism
  union of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: environmental feature

Width
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
subclass of: Class
  union of: Organism
  union of: Restriction
    on property: measuresEntity
    all values from: environmental feature

Circumference
type: Class
subclass of: linear_MeasurementType
hidden label: Circumference

Specific Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Flux Measurement Type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  all values from: Flux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
comment: The addition of grams in the denominator makes it a specific flux (i.e. gC/(g DW * t * m^2))
definition: Flux where the units of the numerator include mass and units of the denominator include mass (or some other measurement of 'amount', eg leaf area) in addition to flux units of area and time
hidden label: Specific Flux

Specific Respiration Flux
type: Class
subclass of: Specific Flux
definition_Contributor: Ecosystem respiration flux is the respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem over a given area, relative to some other measure of those organisms.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_respiration
example_Of_Usage: Net_Respiration rate Periphyton Net carbon respiration milligramsPerGramPerHour https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-fce/1107/3
hidden label: Specific Respiration Flux

carbon
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_23367

MassSpecificProductionRate
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic

periphyton
type: Class
subclass of: Community
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periphyton, 2017-07-08
IAO_0000115: periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems.

periphyton MassSpecificProductionRate
type: Class
subclass of: temporal_rate_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: MassSpecificProductionRate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: periphyton

carbon concentration_of
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: carbon

organic_content
type: Class
subclass of: MeasuredCharacteristic
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08
IAO_0000115: "organic content" is the organic matter component of another entity, e.g., soil.

soil organic_content
type: Class
subclass of: biomass_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: organic_content
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: ENVO_00001998
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter, 2017-07-08
description: Organic matter in soil consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms.
description: SOM exerts numerous positive effects on soil physical and chemical properties, as well as the soil’s capacity to provide regulatory ecosystem services.[1] Particularly, the presence of SOM is regarded as being critical for soil function and soil quality.[2]]
IAO_0000115: [Soil organic content ] is a measurement of the total organic components of soil, measured as mass.

Calcium Carbonate
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_24835
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate, 2017-07-08
has_Exact_Synonym: CaCO3
IAO_0000115: Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO₃. It is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite and is the main component of pearls and the shells of marine organisms, snails, and eggs.

Calcium Carbonate Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresCharacteristic
  some values from: Concentration
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measuresEntity
  some values from: Calcium Carbonate
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate#Occurrence
IAO_0000115: Calcium Carbonate is found in both geologic and biologic settings and constitutes an enormous carbon reservoir. Concentrations are measured in water (both fresh and saline), soil, rock and biological fluids.

ECSO Leaf Decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
comment: this concept is used for "related term' to "leaf litter carbon pool' and should not have class status. Possibly re-use as skos:altLabel {MPS, 28APR15}
deprecated: true

ECSO Leaves
type: Class
subclass of: Concept
comment: this concept was used as a related term for 'leaf carbon pool' and does not merit class status (although we coud leave it here as a SKOS concept if we want all potential "labels" to show up in our class hierarchy that is now a "class/concept" hierarchy due to importing SKOS-dl {MPS, 28APR15}
deprecated: true

KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond
type: Class
hidden label: KilogramPerMeterSquaredPerSecond

Leaf Area Index
type: Class
subclass of: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_area_index
has_Related_Synonym: LAI
definition: Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area in broadleaf canopies. LAI ranges from 0 (bare ground) to over 10 (dense conifer forests).
hidden label: Leaf Area Index

MolePerKilogram
type: Class
subclass of: UO_0000051
hidden label: MolePerKilogram

PAR
type: Class
subclass of: solar radiation
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation
has_Related_Synonym: photosynthetically active radiation
definition: Photosynthetically active radiation, often abbreviated PAR, designates the spectral range (wave band) of solar radiation from 400 to 700 nanometers that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. This spectral region corresponds more or less with the range of light visible to the human eye.
hidden label: PAR

degree Fahrenheit
type: Class
subclass of: temperature unit
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
definition: A temperature unit which is equal to 5/9ths of a kelvin. Negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to negative 40 degrees Celsius.
hidden label: degree Fahrenheit

infrared
type: Class
subclass of: solar radiation
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared
definition: Infrared (IR) is invisible radiant energy, electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 700 nanometers (frequency 430 THz) to 1 mm (300 GHz).
hidden label: infrared

ocean surface
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00010504
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean#Ocean_surface
has_Related_Synonym: sea surface
definition: The ocean surface meets Earth's planetary boundary layer and troposphere, a range view which varies depending on the assumed surface elevation.
hidden label: ocean surface

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: chalcogen
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
has_Exact_Synonym: oxygen
has db xref: ChEBI:C00007; WebElements:O
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
definition: A chalcogen that has formula O
hidden label: oxygen atom

Ultraviolet
type: Class
subclass of: solar radiation
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet
label: ultraviolet
see also: ultraviolet radiation
definition: Ultraviolet (UV) light is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm (30 PHz) to 380 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight.
hidden label: ultraviolet

snow
type: Class
subclass of: environmental material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: Class
    union of: ENVO_00002006
    union of: ENVO_01000277
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000406
definition: Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Snow]

Occurrent
type: Class
IAO_0000412: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo.owl
definition: An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.

dependent continuant
type: Class

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: dependent continuant
example_Of_Usage: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives
definition: A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
hidden label: generically dependent continuant

CHEBI_18310
type: Class
IAO_0000115: Consisting entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms and lacking functional groups.

CHEBI_23367
type: Class
has_Related_Synonym: molecular entities
id: CHEBI:23367
definition: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.

CHEBI_24431
type: Class
subclass of: ecosystem component entity
example_Of_Usage: atom is a chemical entity
has_Related_Synonym: chemical entity
id: CHEBI:24431
definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.

CHEBI_24835
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_23367
has_Related_Synonym: inorganic compounds, inorganic entity, inorganic molecular entities, inorganics
id: CHEBI:24835
definition: A molecular entity that contains no carbon.

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_33300
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
description: Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen
has OBO namespace: chebi_ontology
id: CHEBI:25555

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_33560
example_Of_Usage: carbon atom is a carbon group element atom
has_Related_Synonym: carbon group element, carbon group elements, group IV elements
id: CHEBI:33306

CHEBI_33300
type: Class
has_Related_Synonym: group 15 elements
id: CHEBI:33300
definition: Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

chalcogen
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_33560
definition: Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.

CHEBI_33560
type: Class
example_Of_Usage: carbon group element atom is a p-block element atom
id: CHEBI:33560
definition: Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.

CHEBI_33582
type: Class
has_Related_Synonym: carbon group molecular entities, carbon group molecular entity
id: CHEBI:33582

oxygen-18 atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_25805
definition: The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance.

carbon-14
type: Class
subclass of: carbon atom
has_Related_Synonym: carbon-13 atom, carbon, isotope of mass 14
id: CHEBI:36927
comment: Uses in science: used in carbon dating and as a tracer in biochemistry.
definition: a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14 (6 protons and 8 neutrons)

carbon-13
type: Class
subclass of: carbon atom
definition_Source: CHEBI, wikipedia (accessed 2016-06-30)
has_Related_Synonym: carbon-13 atom, carbon, isotope of mass 13
id: CHEBI:36928
comment: Uses in science: Due to differential uptake in plants as well as marine carbonates of 13C, it is possible to use these isotopic signature in earth science. In aqueous geochemistry, by analyzing the δ13C value of surface and ground waters the source of the water can be identified. This is because atmospheric, carbonate, and plant derived δ13C values all differ with respect to Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) standard. In biology, the ratio of carbon-13 and carbon-12 isotopes in plant tissues is different depending on the type of plant photosynthesis and this can be used, for example, to determine which types of plants were consumed by animals.
definition: natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

carbon-12
type: Class
subclass of: carbon atom
definition_Source: CHEBI, wikipedia (accessed 2016-06-30)
has_Related_Synonym: carbon-12 atom
id: CHEBI:36931
definition: the most common natural carbon isotope, of mass 12. It is the basis for the accepted scale of atomic mass units.

CHEBI_50860
type: Class
has_Related_Synonym: organic compounds, organic entity, organic molecular entities
has alternative id: CHEBI:25700, CHEBI:33244
id: Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
id: CHEBI:50860

CHEBI_64708
type: Class
has_Related_Synonym: one-carbon compounds
id: CHEBI:64708
definition: An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).

ENVO_00000015
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322

ENVO_00001998
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Soil]

ENVO_00002030
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition_Source: adapted from http://animals.about.com/od/habitat-facts/fl/aquatic-biome.htm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/aquatic.php
comment: LTER:41 note: ENVO also references LTER:41
definition: The aquatic biome includes the habitats around the world that are dominated by water. Three-dimensional environments classified based on characteristics such as depth, tidal flow, temperature, and proximity to landmasses, salinty of their water.

environmental feature
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

environmental material
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

ENVO_01000155
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: determined by
  some values from: carbon atom
description: Organic matter or organic material, natural organic matter refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments.
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter

ENVO_01000177
type: Class
definition_Contributor: Margaret O'Brien, orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-8322
definition: A grassland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, an unbroken layer of grasses (Gramineae), sedges (Cyperaceae) or rushes (Juncaceae).

Environmental Condition
type: Class
subclass of: quality
hidden label: environmental condition

environmental system
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

ENVO_01000277
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has state
  all values from: Solid
has_Related_Synonym: water_ice, frost

root matter
type: Class
subclass of: refactory organic material
definition: An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root.

plant litter
type: Class
subclass of: refactory organic material
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000086
    some values from: dead
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: composed primarily of
    some values from: plant-derived organic material
has_Exact_Synonym: leaf litter; litterfall; tree litter; soil litter; duff
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Plant_litter]
definition: Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground.

land
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000324
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: ground
IAO_0000115: Land is a planetary surface that is not covered by liquid. [database_cross_reference: Adpated from Wikipedia:Planetary_surface]

fire
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
has_Related_Synonym: conflagration, wildfire
definition: A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. [database_cross_reference: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?cp=3212][database_cross_reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire]

atmospheric wind
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
has_Related_Synonym: wind
definition: A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria.

water-based rainfall
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
has_Related_Synonym: rainfall, rain, rainwater
definition: A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. [database_cross_reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain]

Environmental System Process
type: Class
subclass of: Process
comment: From ENVO: Should environmental feature become something more towards a disposition, the assert would be updated to something like "has participant (environmental system or (material entity and has disposition some environmental feature))". There are several issues surrounding the reconcilliation of environmental feature and environmental system, both theoretical and practical.

ecosystem-wide photosynthesis
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
type: NamedIndividual
alternative label: photosynthesis
definition: A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem.
has_Related_Synonym: photosynthesis

ecosystem-wide respiration
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
has_Related_Synonym: respiration
definition: A process which consists of all respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem.

evaporation
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
has_Related_Synonym: vaporization, vaporisation
definition: Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. [database_cross_reference: Adapted from Wikipedia:Evaporation]

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example_Of_Usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method that reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
hidden label: data item

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
example_Of_Usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
definition: An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some material entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity
hidden label: information content entity

measurement data item
type: Class
subclass of: data item
example_Of_Usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
definition: A data item that is a recording of the output of an assay.
hidden label: measurement data item

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
hidden label: quality

PATO_0000033
type: Class
has_Exact_Synonym: concentration
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000033
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim
definition: A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.

mass
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001018
example_Of_Usage: decreased mass equivalentClass : mass and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal)
has db xref: PATOC:GVG
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000125
in subset: relational_slim; scalar_slim; attribute_slim
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.

weight
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001018
example_Of_Usage: decreased weight equivalentClass : weight and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal)
has db xref: database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000128
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
definition: A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body.

time
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001018
has db xref: database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000165
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
definition: A quality in which events occur in sequence.

viability
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001995
definition_Source: WordNet
definition: viability (of living things) capable of normal growth and development

PATO_0001018
type: Class
has_Exact_Synonym: relational physical quality
has alternative id: PATO:0002079
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001018
in subset: attribute_slim
definition: A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.

PATO_0001025
type: Class
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001025
in subset: attribute_slim
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.

PATO_0001241
type: Class
has_Exact_Synonym: quality of an object; quality of a single physical entity; quality of continuant; monadic quality of a continuant; multiply inhering quality of a physical entity ; quality of a continuant
has alternative id: PATO:0001238; PATO:0001237
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has narrow synonym: monadic quality of an object; monadic quality of continuant
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001241
definition: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
editorial note: Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles.
hidden label: physical object quality

duration
type: Class
subclass of: quality
has_Exact_Synonym: period
example_Of_Usage: decreased duration equivalentClass : duration and ( decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to some normal)
has_Related_Synonym: time
has alternative id: PATO:0000081
has db xref: database_cross_reference: PATOC:mellybelly
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001309
in subset: hpo_slim; attribute_slim
comment: Confirm: subclass process quality physial quality of a process
definition: A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point.
hidden label: duration

dead
type: Class
subclass of: viability
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
example_Of_Usage: dead soil
definition: not showing characteristics of life especially the capacity to sustain life; no longer exerting force or having energy or heat

decayed
type: Class
subclass of: viability
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
example_Of_Usage: a decayed foundation
has_Related_Synonym: rotted
definition: WordNet
definition: damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless

catalytic (activity) concentration
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0000033
has db xref: database_cross_reference: IUPAC:IUPAC
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001674
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's catalytic activity divided by the volume of the system.

molar volume
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001241
has db xref: database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_volume
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001680
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
definition: A volume quality inhering in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules by virtue of the amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
hidden label: molar volume

molar mass
type: Class
subclass of: mass
has db xref: database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001681
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
definition: A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules.

2-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001241
has_Exact_Synonym: 2-D size
has db xref: database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001709
in subset: attribute_slim
comment: Confirm: subclass of morphology size
definition: A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
hidden label: 2-D extent

3-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001241
has_Exact_Synonym: 3D size
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001710
in subset: attribute_slim
comment: Confirm: subclass of morphology size
definition: A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
hidden label: 3-D extent

PATO_0001822
type: Class
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: wordreference.com:wordreference.com]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001822
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim; mpath_slim
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.

wet
type: Class
subclass of: PATO_0001822
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001823
in subset: value_slim; mpath_slim
definition: A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid.

PATO_0001824
type: Class
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001824
in subset: value_slim; mpath_slim
definition: A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.

PATO_0001995
type: Class
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:CJM]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001995
definition: A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.

ratio
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has numerator
    some values from: measurement data item
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has denominator
    some values from: measurement data item
subclass of: data item
definition: A ratio is a data item which is formed with two numbers r and s is written r/s, where r is the numerator and s is the denominator. The ratio of r to s is equivalent to the quotient r/s.
hidden label: ratio

Unit
type: Class

linear unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
has_Related_Synonym: distance
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000001
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points.

temperature unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
has_Exact_Synonym: temperature derived unit
created by: george gkoutos
has alternative id: UO:0000126
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000005
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.

kelvin
type: Class
subclass of: temperature unit

centimeter
type: Class
subclass of: linear unit
has_Exact_Synonym: cm; centimetre
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000015
in subset: unit_slim
definition: A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m.

millimeter
type: Class
subclass of: linear unit
has_Exact_Synonym: mm; micrometre
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000016
in subset: unit_slim
definition: A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m.

degree Celsius
type: Class
subclass of: temperature unit
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST]
definition: A temperature unit which is equal to one kelvin degree. However, they have their zeros at different points. The centigrade scale has its zero at 273.15 K.

mass density unit
type: Class
subclass of: density unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000182
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass.

areal density unit
type: Class
subclass of: density unit
has_Exact_Synonym: mass per unit area unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000054
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a given area.

pressure unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
has_Related_Synonym: force per unit area
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000109
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the force applied to a given area.

pascal
type: Class
subclass of: pressure unit
has_Exact_Synonym: Pa
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: NIST:NIST]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000110
in subset: unit_slim
definition: A pressure unit which is equal to the pressure or stress on a surface caused by a force of 1 newton spread over a surface of 1 m^[2].

mass volume percentage
type: Class
subclass of: percent

volume percentage
type: Class
subclass of: percent

parts per notation unit
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000166
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A dimensionless concentration notation which describes the amount of one substance in another. It is the ratio of the amount of the substance of interest to the amount of that substance plus the amount of the substance.

parts per thousand
type: Class
subclass of: parts per notation unit
has_Exact_Synonym: ppth; 10^[-3]
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: UOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000168
in subset: unit_slim
definition: A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1000 regardless of the units of measure as long as they are the same.

parts per million
type: Class
subclass of: parts per notation unit
has_Exact_Synonym: 10^[-6]; ppm
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: UOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000169
in subset: unit_slim
definition: A dimensionless concentration notation which denotes the amount of a given substance in a total amount of 1,000,000 regardless of the units of measure used as long as they are the same or 1 part in 10^[6]. [

density unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000182
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the influence exerted by some mass.

linear density unit
type: Class
subclass of: density unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000183
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A density unit which is a standard measure of the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object.

dimensionless unit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000186
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of physical quantity consisting of only a numerical number without any units.

percent
type: Class
subclass of: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
has_Exact_Synonym: %
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000187
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A dimensionless ratio unit which denotes numbers as fractions of 100.

A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
type: Class
subclass of: dimensionless unit
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000190
in subset: unit_group_slim
label: ratio

fraction
type: Class
subclass of: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000191
in subset: unit_group_slim
definition: A dimensionless ratio unit which relates the part (the numerator) to the whole (the denominator).

millimetres of mercury
type: Class
subclass of: pressure unit
has_Exact_Synonym: millimeters of mercury; mmHg
created by: george gkoutos
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: url:en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mmHg]
has OBO namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000272
in subset: A unit of pressure equal to the amount of fluid pressure one millimeter deep in mercury at zero degrees centigrade on Earth.
in subset: unit_slim

carbon cycling
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: composed primarily of
  some values from: carbon atom
definition_Source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500010

carbonyl sulfide
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_64708
description: Can be used to track CO2 uptake during plant photosynthesis
description_Source: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v6/n3/abs/ngeo1730.html
has_Exact_Synonym: COS
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T20:29:02Z
definition: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds.

protium atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_49637
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T20:24:08Z
definition: The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 1.007825 and a natural abundance of 99.9885 atom percent (from Greek πρωτοσ, first).

tritium atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_49637
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T20:25:14Z
definition: The radioactive isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 3.016049 and half-life of 12.33 years (from Greek τριτοσ, third).

oxygen-16 atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_25805
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T19:12:01Z
definition: The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 15.994914. The most abundant (99.76 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.

oxygen-17 atom
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_25805
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T19:14:48Z
definition: The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 16.999131. The least abundant (0.038 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring oxygen.

nitrogen-14 atom
type: Class
subclass of: nitrogen atom
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T19:17:56Z
definition: The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 14.003074. The most abundant (99.63 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen.

n-alkane
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_18310
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:00:15Z
has exact synonym: straight chain alkane

branched chain alkane
type: Class
subclass of: CHEBI_18310
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:04:30Z

n-Hentriacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:10:42Z
has exact synonym: C31

n-Nonacosane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:11:00Z
has exact synonym: C29

n-Heptacosane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:11:19Z
has exact synonym: C27

long-chain n-alkanes
type: Class
subclass of: n-alkane
IAO_0000115: The long-chain (C27–C35) n-alkanes are a main component of the epicuticular waxes of higher plants.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:22:55Z

n-Pentacosane
type: Class
subclass of: mid-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C25
has_Exact_Synonym: Paraffin Wax
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:25:14Z

n-Hexacosane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C26
has_Exact_Synonym: cerane
has_Exact_Synonym: hexeikosane
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:26:04Z

n-Octacosane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C28
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:26:49Z

n-Triacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C30
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:27:15Z

n-Dotriacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C32
has_Exact_Synonym: dicetyl
has_Exact_Synonym: untriacontane
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:27:38Z

n-Tritriacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C33
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:28:21Z

n-Tetratriacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C34
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:28:47Z

n-Pentatriacontane
type: Class
subclass of: long-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C35
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:29:17Z

mid-chain n-alkanes
type: Class
subclass of: n-alkane
IAO_0000115: N-alkanes C23 - C25 dominated by submerged aquatic macrophtyes.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:31:45Z

short-chain n-alkanes
type: Class
subclass of: n-alkane
IAO_0000115: N-alkanes C17 - C21 dominated by aquatic algae.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:31:55Z

n-Tricosane
type: Class
subclass of: mid-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C23
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:34:37Z

n-Tetracosane
type: Class
subclass of: mid-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C24
has_Exact_Synonym: tetrakosane
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:35:36Z

n-Henicosane
type: Class
subclass of: short-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C21
has_Exact_Synonym: henicosane
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:36:51Z

n-icosane
type: Class
subclass of: short-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C20
has_Exact_Synonym: didecyl icosane
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:37:16Z

n-Nonadecane
type: Class
subclass of: short-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C19
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:37:51Z

n-Octadecane
type: Class
subclass of: short-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C18
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:38:08Z

n-Heptadecane
type: Class
subclass of: short-chain n-alkanes
has_Exact_Synonym: C17
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-25T17:38:24Z

refactory organic material
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_org_matter.jsp
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T17:20:26Z
definition: organic compounds (woody debris made of lignin and cellulose) have very high TOC:TN ratios and are highly resistant to degradation

labile organic carbon
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000155
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
IAO_0000119: http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/indicators/sediment_org_matter.jsp
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T17:22:49Z
definition: organic matter with low TOC:TN ratios (e.g. phytoplankton) that breaks down easily

Normallized Difference Vegetation Index
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
subclass of: Plant Material Biomass Density
definition_Contributor: Elizabeth Olson, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-9698
has_Exact_Synonym: NDVI
IAO_0000119: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T17:42:54Z
definition: A graphical indicator used to analyze remote sensing measurements to determine the density of green on an area of land. Calculated from the distinct colors (wavelengths) of visible and near-infrared sunlight reflected by plants on the surface the NDVI is calculated using the equation: the visible and near-infrared radiation minus visible radiation divided by near-infrared radiation plus visible radiation.

Water Content
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T18:54:03Z
definition: The total amount of water (unfrozen water + ice) contained in soil or rock

cryoturbation
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil down to the bedrock due to freezing and thawing in permafrost soils

Thawing Index
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T18:57:19Z
definition: the cumulative number of degree-days when air temperatures are above zero degrees Celsius

Thaw Consolidation Ratio
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T18:58:40Z
definition: A dimensionless ratio of the rate of thaw to the rate of consolidation of the thawing soil, which is considered to be a measure of the relative rates of generation and expulsion of excess pore fluids during thaw

n-factor
type: Class
subclass of: concentration_MeasurementType
IAO_0000119: https://books.google.com.pe/books
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T19:00:28Z
definition: the number of H+ ions replaced by 1 mole of acid in a reaction

permafrost layer
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000281
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:08:23Z

permafrost active layer
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost layer
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:08:51Z
definition: The top layer of ground subject to annual thawing and freezing in areas underlain by permafrost

permafrost relict active layer
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost layer
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:14:56Z
definition: A layer of ground, now perennially frozen, lying immediately below the modern active layer. Itsthickness indicatesthe greater annual depth of thawthat occurred during a previous, warmer climatic period

permafrost active layer failure
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:16:52Z
definition: A general term referring to several forms of slope failures or failure mechanisms commonly occurring in areas underlain by permafrost

adfreeze
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:17:56Z
definition: The process by which two objects are bonded together by ice formed between them during the freezing of water.

alas
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_03000085
description: Typically, alassesare large depressions ranging from 0.5 to more than 100 km2 in area and from 5 to 20 m in depth. In the early stagesof formation, a shallow « 2 m) circular "alas lake" forms in a steep-sideddepression. Enlargementand ultimate drainage of a number of such lakes produce low interalas plateaus (termed "mezhalasye" in Russian). Ultimately, the plateaus disappear and mass wasting produces gentle side slopes. The term is of Yakut origin. REFERENCES: Czudek and Demek, 1970;Soloviev,1973
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:29:15Z
definition: A depression found in thermokarst terrain, produced by thawing of extensive areas of very thick and exceedingly ice-rich permafrost.

beaded stream
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00000023
description: A characteristic pattern of small streams in areas underlain by ice wedges. The course of the stream channel is controlled by the pattern of the wedges, with the beads (pools) occurring at the junctions of the wedges. When the intervening channels are dry, they may be called "beaded channels."
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:35:57Z
definition: A stream characterized by narrow reaches linking pools or small lakes

block field
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000352
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:38:16Z
definition: A surficial layer of angular shattered rocks formed in either modern or Pleistocene periglacial environments.

collapse scar
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00000309
description: A collapse scar is not a depression but is marked by vegetation different from the wetland that did not contain permafrost. Irregular topography (hence thermokarst terrains may be present on the peatland as a whole but the collapse scars are only part of that thermokarst terrain, marked by the absence of permafrost, and by vegetation different from that on both the previously unfrozen peatlandsand the remnant permafrost peat landforms. REFERENCE: Zoltai, 1971.
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:41:05Z
definition: That portion of a peatland where the whole or part of a paisa or peat plateau has thawed and collapsed to the level of the surrounding peatland

wedge
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000526
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:43:50Z

composite wedge
type: Class
subclass of: wedge
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:44:15Z
definition: A wedge showing evidence of both primary and secondary filling

creep of frozen ground
type: Class
subclass of: soil creep
has_Exact_Synonym: frost creep
has_Exact_Synonym: gelifluction
IAO_0000119: WASHBURN, AL., 1979. Geocryology. Edward Arnold, London, 406 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The slow deformation that results from long-term application of a stress too small to produce failure in the frozen material.

soil creep
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000690
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downhill_creep
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: is the slow downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope; it can also refer to slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and stress.

cryofront
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000544
has_Exact_Synonym: freezing front
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The boundary between cryotic and noncryotic ground as indicated by the position of the O°C isotherm in the ground

cryogenesis
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The combination of thermophysical, physico-chemical and physicomechanical processes occurring in freezing, frozen and thawing earth materials.

permafrost process
type: Class
subclass of: Environmental System Process
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T22:54:57Z

aquitard
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_01000281
has_Related_Synonym: aquiclude
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: a bed of low permeability along an aquifer

cryogenic aquiclude
type: Class
subclass of: aquitard
definition_Source: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: A layer of ground which, because of its frozen state, has a low enough permeability to act as a confining bed for an underlying aquifer.

Cryogenic Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: In international materials science, this term refers to temperatures generally below -sooe, but usually to temperatures within a few degrees of absolute zero (-273°C). In the Russian permafrost literature, this term refers to temperatures below O°C.

cryopeg
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost layer
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: A layer of unfrozen ground that is perennially cryotic (forming part of the permafrost), in which freezing is prevented by freezing-point depression due to the dissolved-solids content or the pore water

basal cryopeg
type: Class
subclass of: cryopeg
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: forms the basal portion of the permafrost

isolated cryopeg
type: Class
subclass of: cryopeg
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: entirely surrounded by perennially frozen ground

marine cryopeg
type: Class
subclass of: cryopeg
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T23:22:58Z
definition: Found in coastal or subsea perennially frozen ground.

cryoplanation terrace
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00000508
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: A step-like or table-like bench cut in bedrock in cold climate regions

Degree Day
type: Class
subclass of: BaseUnit
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T23:29:46Z
definition: A measure of the departure of the mean temperature for a day from a given reference (or base) temperature.

degree of saturation
type: Class
subclass of: A dimensionless unit which denotes an amount or magnitude of one quantity relative to another.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The total degree of saturation of frozen soil isthe ratio of the volume of ice and unfrozen water in the soil pores to the volume of the pores.

Depth of Thaw
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The minimum distance between the ground surface and frozen groundat any time during the thawing season

Depth of Zero Annual Amplitude
type: Class
subclass of: Depth
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The distance from the ground surface downward to the level beneath which there is practically no annual fluctuation in ground temperature

detachment failure
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost active layer failure
IAO_0000115: A slope failure in which the thawed or thawing active layerand vegetation mat detach from the underlying frozen material
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson

sedimentary feature
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00000191
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T23:41:03Z

dilation crack
type: Class
subclass of: sedimentary feature
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T23:44:23Z
definition: A tensile fracture in a frozen material due to surface extension caused by doming.

drunken forest
type: Class
subclass of: ENVO_00000111
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: Trees leaning in random directions in a permafrostregion

freezeback
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
date: 2017-07-27T23:54:32Z
definition: Refreezing of thawed materials.

Freezing Index
type: Class
subclass of: proportion_measurementType
IAO_0000115: The cumulative number of degree-days below O°C for a given time period.
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson

Approximate Freezing Index
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing Index
IAO_0000119: BOYD, D.w., 1973. Normal freezing and thawing degree-daysfor Canada: 1931-1960. Environment Canada, Atmospheric EnvironmentService, Downsview, Ontario, Publication CLI 4-73, 38 p. BOYD, D.W., 1979. Degree days: The different types. National Research Council Canada, Division of Building Research, Ottawa, Building Research Note No. 138, 8 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: calculated from the mean monthly air temperatures for a specific station without making corrections for positive degree-days (above DoC) in spring and fall

Total Annual Freezing Index
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing Index
IAO_0000119: HARRIS, S.A, 1981. "Climatic relationshipsof permafrost zones in areas of low winter snow-cover." Arctic, Vol. 36, No.1, pp. 64-70.
IAO_0000119: calculated by adding all the negative mean daily air temperatures (DC) for a specific station during a calendar year
creator: Elizabeth Olson

Seasonal Freezing Index
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing Index
IAO_0000119: HUSCHKE, RE. (Editor), 1959. Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society, 638 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: calculated as the arithmetic sum of all the negative and positive mean daily air temperatures (DC) for a specific station during the time period between the highest point in the fall and the lowest point the next spring on the cumulative degree-day time curve

Design Freezing Index
type: Class
subclass of: Freezing Index
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: calculated by taking the average of the seasonal freezing indices for the three coldest winters in the most recent 30 years of record. If data for 30 years are not available, then the index is based on the coldest winter in the latest lO-year period of record

Freezing Point Depression
type: Class
subclass of: Temperature Measurement Type
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The number of degrees by which the freezing point of an earth material is depressed below 0oC

Freezing Pressure
type: Class
subclass of: pressure_MeasurementType
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The positive (heaving) pressure developedat ice-water interfaces in a soil as it freezes

seasonal frost
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: http://ipa.arcticportal.org/images/Glossary/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Related_Ground-Ice_Terms_1998.pdf
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The occurrenceof ground temperatures below O°C for only part of the year

frost action
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost process
IAO_0000119: JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The process of alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials, and the resulting effects on materials and on structures placed on, or in, the ground.

permafrost feature
type: Class
subclass of: environmental feature
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: A feature associated with permafrost (soil at or below the freezing point of water (0C or 32F) for two or more years).

frost blister
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost feature
IAO_0000119: THORN, C.E., 1976. "A model of stoney earth circle development, Schefferville, Quebec." Association of American Geographers, Proceedings, Vol. 8, pp. 19-23.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: A seasonal frost mound produced through doming of seasonally frozen ground by a subsurface accumulation of water under high hydraulic potential during progressive freezing of the active layer.

frost bulb
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost feature
IAO_0000119: A more or less symmetrical zone of frozen ground formed around a buried chilled pipeline or beneath or around a structure maintained at temperatures below 0 oC.
IAO_0000119: MULLER, S.W., 1943. Permafrost or permanently frozen ground and related engineering problems. U.S. Engineers Office, Strategic Engineering Study,Special Report No. 62, 136p. (Reprinted in 1947, J.w. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 231 p.)
creator: Elizabeth Olson

frost boil
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost feature
IAO_0000119: A small mound of fresh soil material, formed by frost action
IAO_0000119: JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p
creator: Elizabeth Olson

frost heave
type: Class
subclass of: frost action
IAO_0000119: JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: The upward or outward movement of the ground surface (or objects on, or in, the ground) caused by the formation of ice in the soil

frost jacking
type: Class
subclass of: frost action
IAO_0000119: JOHNSTON, G.H. (Editor), 1981. Permafrost: Engineering Design and Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Canada Ltd.,Toronto, 540 p.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: Cumulative upward displacement of objects embedded in the ground, caused by frost action

frost mound
type: Class
subclass of: permafrost feature
IAO_0000119: van EVERDINGEN, R.o., 1978. "Frost mounds at Bear Rock, near Fort Norman, N.W.I., 1975-1976." Canadian JournalofEarth Sciences, Vol. 15,No.2, pp. 263-276.
creator: Elizabeth Olson
definition: Any mound-shaped landform produced by ground freezing combined with groundwater movement or the migration of soil moisture.

Concept
type: Class
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An idea or notion; a unit of thought

Amount
definition_Source: WordNet
definition: how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify; the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: measure, quantity, total, sum

AmountOfSubstanceMass
hidden label: AmountOfSubstanceMass
definition_Source: WordNet
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field
has_Related_Synonym: bulk

AmountOfSubstanceWeight
definition_Source: WordNet
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
hidden label: AmountOfSubstanceWeight

AmountOfSubstanceWeightFlux
comment: Confirm: still looking for a definition of this...
hidden label: AmountOfSubstanceWeightFlux

Angle
hidden label: Angle
definition_Source: WordNet
definition: the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

ArealMassDensityRate
comment: Confirm: same concept as mass flow rate? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_flow_rate
hidden label: ArealMassDensityRate

Capacitance
has_Related_Synonym: electrical capacity, capacity
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance
hidden label: Capacitance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge.

CatalyticActivity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: contact action, catalysis
definition: Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalysis
hidden label: CatalyticActivity

Charge
has_Related_Synonym: electric charge
definition: the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative)
definition_Source: WordNet
hidden label: Charge
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

Conductance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: a material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance
hidden label: Conductance
definition_Source: WordNet

Conductivity
definition: Conductivity of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivity_(electrolytic)
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Conductivity
has_Related_Synonym: specific conductance

Current
definition_Source: WordNet
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: electric current, flow
hidden label: Current
definition: a flow of electricity through a conductor

CurrentDensity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Current density is the electric current per unit area of cross section. It is defined as a vector whose magnitude is the electric current per cross-sectional area at a given point in space.
hidden label: CurrentDensity
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density

DoseEquivalent
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_dose
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: DoseEquivalent
definition: Equivalent dose represents the stochastic health effects (probability of cancer induction and genetic damage), of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body.
comment: Confirm: is this the appropriate definition for the concept?

Energy
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
definition: a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work
hidden label: Energy
has_Related_Synonym: free energy

Force
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
hidden label: Force
definition: A force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

Frequency
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency
hidden label: Frequency
has_Related_Synonym: frequence
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.

Illuminance
has_Related_Synonym: illumination
definition: Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminance
hidden label: Illuminance

Inductance
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: induction
definition: Inductance is the property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself[1] and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
hidden label: Inductance

LifeStage
has_Related_Synonym: maturation, life cycle
hidden label: Life Stage

Luminance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance
hidden label: Luminance
has_Related_Synonym: luminosity, brightness, brightness level
definition: Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through, is emitted or reflected from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2).

Luminosity
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: brightness, brightness level, luminance, luminousness, light
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminosity
hidden label: Luminosity
definition: Luminosity is the total amount of energy emitted by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical object per unit time. It is related to the brightness, which is the luminosity of an object in a given spectral region.

MagneticFieldStrength
hidden label: MagneticFieldStrength
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field
definition: A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field.

MagneticFlux
hidden label: MagneticFlux
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: The magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell.
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux

MagneticFluxDensity
hidden label: MagneticFluxDensity
IAO_0000115: magnetic flux density. A vector quantity measuring the strength and direction of the magnetic field around a magnet or an electric current. Magnetic flux density is equal to magnetic field strength times the magnetic permeability in the region in which the field exists. Magnetic flux density - Dictionary.com
definition_Source: www.dictionary.com/browse/magnetic--flux--density

MassSpecificLength
hidden label: MassSpecificLength

PhotonFluxDensity
has_Related_Synonym: photon_areal_density_rate
hidden label: PhotonFluxDensity

Power
definition: Power is the rate of doing work. It is the amount of energy consumed per unit time. Having no direction, it is a scalar quantity. In the SI system, the unit of power is the joule per second (J/s), known as the watt. Another common and traditional measure is horsepower.
hidden label: Power
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(physics)

Radiance
hidden label: Radiance
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance
definition: Radiance is the radiant flux emitted, reflected, transmitted or received by a surface, per unit solid angle per unit projected area
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

RadionucleotideActivity
hidden label: RadionucleotideActivity
comment: Confirm: term definition

Resistance
definition_Source: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: WordNet
has_Related_Synonym: impedance
definition: any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
hidden label: Resistance

Resistivity
definition_Source: WordNet
hidden label: Resistivity
definition: material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: ohmic_resistance

SpecificArea
has_Related_Synonym: specific_surface_area
definition: Specific surface area is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_surface_area
hidden label: SpecificArea

SpecificEnergy
has_Related_Synonym: energy density
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy
hidden label: SpecificEnergy
definition: Specific energy is energy per unit mass. It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat or other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, and specific enthalpy.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295

SpecificVolume
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_volume
definition: The specific volume of a substance is the ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of density and an intrinsic property of matter as well.
hidden label: SpecificVolume

SpectralIrradiance
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: Spectral irradiance is the irradiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength.
hidden label: SpectralIrradiance

SpectralRadiance
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiance
hidden label: SpectralRadiance
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition: spectral radiance is the radiance of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength

Temperature
definition: A temperature is an objective comparative measure of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer, which may work through the bulk behavior of a thermometric material, detection of thermal radiation, or particle kinetic energy.
hidden label: Temperature
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature

Transmissivity
comment: Confirm: appropriate definition for term?
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_conductivity#Transmissivity
definition: The transmissivity is a measure of how much water can be transmitted horizontally, such as to a pumping well.
hidden label: Transmissivity

VolumetricArea
comment: Confirm: definition of term
hidden label: VolumetricArea

VolumetricMassDensityRate
hidden label: VolumetricMassDensityRate
comment: Confirm: definition of term

WaveNumber
definition: The wavenumber is the spatial frequency of a wave, either in cycles per unit distance or radians per unit distance. It can be envisaged as the number of waves that exist over a specified distance.
definition_Contributor: Sara Lafia, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-7295
has_Related_Synonym: wave number, wavenumber
hidden label: WaveNumber
definition_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber

Base Characteristic Qualifier
hidden label: Base Characteristic Qualifier

CategoricalStandard
preferred label: Categorical Standard

Characteristic Qualifier
hidden label: Characteristic Qualifier

Composite Characteristic Qualifier
hidden label: Composite Characteristic Qualifier

IdentifyingCharacteristic
hidden label: Identifying Characteristic

Index

Measurement Value

Measurement

Observation

Observation Collection

Standard

Unit Conversion

characteristic for
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#characteristicFor

entity related
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#entityRelated

has base qualifier
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasBaseQualifier

has context
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasContext

has measurement
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasMeasurement

has member
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasMember

has next qualifier
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasNextQualifier

has observed relation
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasObservedRelation

has qualifier
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasQualifier

has source unit
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasSourceUnit

has target unit
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasTargetUnit

has unit
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasUnit

has value
definition_Source: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.1/oboe-core.owl#hasValue

ofEntity
definition_Source: ofEntity

standardFor
comment: Confirm: no object property 'standardFor' found in OBOE.1.2 (usesStandard?)

Continuant
hidden label: continuant

independent continuant

material entity

material anatomical entity

CHEBI_18059
has_Related_Synonym: Lipid
id: CHEBI:18059
definition: 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
has alternative id: CHEBI:25054, CHEBI:14517, CHEBI:6486

CHEBI_22563
description: An anion is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged).
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion#Anions_and_cations
definition: A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
has_Related_Synonym: anions
id: CHEBI:22563

CHEBI_22629
id: CHEBI:22629
has_Related_Synonym: arsenate, arsenate anions, arsenate ions

CHEBI_22718
id: CHEBI:22718
has_Related_Synonym: benzoate anion
definition: A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid.

CHEBI_24675
has_Related_Synonym: hydroxybenzoates
id: CHEBI:24675
IAO_0000115: Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.

CHEBI_24834
id: CHEBI:24834
has_Related_Synonym: inorganic anions
hidden label: inorganic anion

CHEBI_24870
id: CHEBI:24870
description: An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization.
has_Related_Synonym: ions
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion
definition: A molecular entity having a net electric charge.

CHEBI_25388
id: CHEBI:25388
has_Related_Synonym: monohydroxybenzoates
definition: A hydroxybenzoate carrying a single hydroxy substituent at unspecified position.

CHEBI_25696
has_Related_Synonym: organic anions
id: CHEBI:25696

CHEBI_25699
has_Related_Synonym: organic ions
id: CHEBI:25699

CHEBI_26178
id: CHEBI:26178
definition: A macromolecule composed of units connected by carboxylic ester (-O-CO-) linkages.
definition: polyester, polyesters

CHEBI_26490
definition: A cyclitol carboxylic acid anion that is conjugate base of quinic acid.
id: CHEBI:26490

CHEBI_27563
hidden label: arsenic atom
has alternative id: CHEBI:2845, CHEBI:22630
id: CHEBI:27563
description_Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic
description: Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid.

CHEBI_29067
id: CHEBI:29067
has_Related_Synonym: a carboxylate, carboxylic acid anions, carboxylic anions
definition: The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
has alternative id: CHEBI:13626, CHEBI:13945, CHEBI:23026, CHEBI:58657

CHEBI_29125
id: CHEBI:29125
has_Related_Synonym: Arsenate, ARSENATE, Arsenate ion, AsO43−
definition: An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of three protons from arsenic acid.

CHEBI_30762
has alternative id: CHEBI:15061, CHEBI:26595
id: CHEBI:30762
has_Related_Synonym: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid ion(1−), o-hydroxybenzoate, sal, salicylate
definition: A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.

CHEBI_33250
id: CHEBI:33250
definition: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
example_Of_Usage: p-block element atom is an atom
hidden label: atom
has alternative id: CHEBI:22671, CHEBI:23907
has_Related_Synonym: element, elements

CHEBI_33273
has_Related_Synonym: polyatomic anions
id: CHEBI:33273
definition: An anion consisting of more than one atom.

CHEBI_33285
id: CHEBI:33285
has_Related_Synonym: heteroorganic entities, organoelement compounds
definition: A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.

CHEBI_33318
id: CHEBI:33318
hidden label: main group element atom
definition: p-block element atom is a main group element atom
definition: An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
has_Related_Synonym: main group element

CHEBI_33459
id: CHEBI:33459
id: pnictogen oxoanion, pnictogen oxoanions

CHEBI_33521
id: CHEBI:33521
description: A metal is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable — that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking — as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals, the others are nonmetals or metalloids. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms. Astrophysicists use the term "metal" to collectively describe all elements other than hydrogen and helium. In that sense, the metallicity of an object is the proportion of its matter made up of chemical elements other than hydrogen and helium. Many elements and compounds that are not normally classified as metals become metallic under high pressures; these are formed as metallic allotropes of non-metals.
has_Related_Synonym: elemental metal, elemental metals, metal element, metal elements, metals
hidden label: metal atom
definition: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
example_Of_Usage: metal atom is an atom

CHEBI_33579
has_Related_Synonym: main group compounds, main group molecular entities
id: CHEBI:33579
definition: A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.

CHEBI_33675
has_Related_Synonym: p-block compounds, p-block molecular entities, p-block molecular entitiy
id: CHEBI:33675
definition: A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.

CHEBI_35402
has_Related_Synonym: chromium oxoanion, chromium oxoanions, oxoanions of chromium
id: CHEBI:35402

CHEBI_35404
id: CHEBI:35404

CHEBI_35405
id: CHEBI:35405
has_Related_Synonym: transition metal oxoanion, transition metal oxoanions, transition element oxoanions
hidden label: transition element oxoanion

CHEBI_35406
id: CHEBI:35406
id: oxoacid anions, oxoanions
definition: An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.

CHEBI_35701
id: CHEBI:35701
definition: A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
has alternative id: CHEBI:4859, CHEBI:23960
has_Related_Synonym: Ester, esters

CHEBI_35757
definition: A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
has_Related_Synonym: a monocarboxylate, Carboxylate, Monocarboxylate, monocarboxylates, monocarboxylic acid anions
id: CHEBI:35757
has alternative id: CHEBI:3407, CHEBI:13657, CHEBI:25382

CHEBI_35776
id: CHEBI:35776
has_Related_Synonym: arsenic oxoanion, arsenic oxoanions, oxoanions of arsenic

CHEBI_36059
has_Related_Synonym: hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anions, hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anion, hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anions
definition: Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.
id: CHEBI:36059

CHEBI_36125
has_Related_Synonym: cyclitol carboxylic acid anions
id: CHEBI:36125

CHEBI_36358
definition: An ion consisting of more than one atom.
has_Related_Synonym: polyatomic ions
id: CHEBI:36358

CHEBI_36914
id: CHEBI:36914
has_Related_Synonym: inorganic ions
hidden label: inorganic ion

CHEBI_36934
definition: The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 15.000109. The least abundant (0.368 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen.

CHEBI_38773
has_Related_Synonym: quinolinemonocarboxylates
definition: A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group attached to the quinoline skeleton
id: CHEBI:38773

CHEBI_53387
definition: A polymer composed of repeating hydroxyalkanoyl units.
id: CHEBI:53387
has_Related_Synonym: PHAs, poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polyhydroxyalkanoates

CHEBI_53388
definition: A polymer composed of repeating hydroxybutyryl units.
id: CHEBI:53388
has_Related_Synonym: PHB, PHBs, poly(hydroxy butyrate), poly(hydroxy butyrate)s, poly(hydroxybutyrate)s, polyhydroxy butyrate, polyhydroxy butyrates, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxybutyrates

CHEBI_58454
id: CHEBI:58454
definition: A quinolinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of kynurenic acid

CHEBI_64709
has_Related_Synonym: organic acids
id: CHEBI:64709
definition: Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.

ENVO_01000325
definition: A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water.

PATO_0000068
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000068

PATO_0000069
in subset: attribute_slim
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000069

PATO_0000085
has_Exact_Synonym: sensitivity
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: disposition_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim
id: PATO:0000085
definition: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation.

PATO_0000140
in subset: attribute_slim
id: PATO:0000140
has OBO namespace: quality
has alternative id: PATO:0001631; PATO:0001032
definition: A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
has_Exact_Synonym: relational spatial quality; location; placement
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]

PATO_0000274
in subset: attribute_slim; disposition_slim
definition: A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
id: PATO:0000274
has OBO namespace: quality
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]

PATO_0000956
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: value_slim; disposition_slim
id: PATO:0000956
definition: A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.

PATO_0001305
has_Exact_Synonym: high temperature; hot
definition: A temperature which is relatively high.
id: PATO:0001305
in subset: value_slim
has OBO namespace: quality
has alternative id: PATO:0000678
definition: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]

PATO_0001428
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
id: PATO:0001428
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool]
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001429
in subset: value_slim
definition: An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool]
id: PATO:0001429
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001430
definition: An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a low concentration of H+ ions.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: chemicool:chemicool]
id: PATO:0001430
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: value_slim

PATO_0001434
id: PATO:0001434
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet]
has OBO namespace: quality
definition: An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring.

PATO_0001454
definition_Source: A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen.
id: PATO:0001454
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim; disposition_slim
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]

PATO_0001455
in subset: disposition_slim; value_slim
definition_Source: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen.
id: PATO:0001455
has OBO namespace: quality
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]

PATO_0001456
definition_Source: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
definition_Source: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's independence on oxygen.
in subset: value_slim; disposition_slim
id: PATO:0001456
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001576
id: PATO:0001576
has OBO namespace: quality
in subset: value_slim
definition: A pressure which is relatively high.
has_Exact_Synonym: high pressure
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATO:GVG]

PATO_0001598
has_Exact_Synonym: protruding ; relational protruding quality
definition_Source: A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary.
in subset: value_slim
has alternative id: PATO:0001644
id: PATO:0001598
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet]
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001646
in subset: relational_slim; value_slim
has OBO namespace: quality
has_Related_Synonym: exposed; exits through
has_Exact_Synonym: extruding from
definition: A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity.
id: PATO:0001646
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:nc]

PATO_0001655
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim; relational_slim
id: PATO:0001655
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmolarity]
has OBO namespace: quality
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.

PATO_0001657
in subset: relational_slim; value_slim
definition: A osmolarity which is relatively high.
has OBO namespace: quality
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
id: PATO:0001657
has_Exact_Synonym: high osmolarity

PATO_0001739
id: PATO:0001739
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
definition: A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation.
in subset: attribute_slim
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001740
id: PATO:0001740
has_Exact_Synonym: radioactivity
in subset: attribute_slim
definition_Source: A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0001741
in subset: value_slim
id: PATO:0001741
definition: A radiation quality inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: WordNet:WordNet]
has OBO namespace: quality

electrical conductivity

PATO_0001842
has_Exact_Synonym: pH
has OBO namespace: quality
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: biology-online:biology-online]
definition: A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).
in subset: scalar_slim; attribute_slim
id: PATO:0001842

PATO_0001985
example_Of_Usage: ice has quality some frozen

PATO_0002182
has alternative id: PATO:0002061
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has_Exact_Synonym: relational molecular quality
id: PATO:0002182
has OBO namespace: quality
definition: A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.

PATO_0002300
id: PATO:0002300
definition_Source: A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality

PATO_0002305
definition: A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
has db xref: [database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
has OBO namespace: quality
id: PATO:0002305

RO_0002219
definition: X surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x

RO_0002220
definition: X adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
example_Of_Usage: The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis.; The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies.; A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts.; The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used.

RO_0002376
example_Of_Usage: inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein; Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River
editorial note: This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries)
definition: X tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein.
has_Related_Synonym: tributary channel of; drains into; drains to

RO_0002377
has_Related_Synonym: distributary channel of, branch of
definition: X distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x
example_Of_Usage: Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake

Prefix

has condition
definition: Experimental relation used in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional.
example_Of_Usage: desert has_condition some arid

has increased levels of

Collection

Concept

Concept Scheme