Below is one “best‐of‐all‐worlds” implementation that blends ideas from all four solutions. It uses a state machine to accumulate potential table blocks, merges continuation lines, checks whether a table is already valid (leaving it unchanged), and otherwise normalizes cell counts, ensures exactly one separator row (inserting one if needed), and rebuilds rows while preserving the original style (i.e. leading/trailing pipes). Test cases (including those in your prompt) suggest that this approach both fixes problems in invalid tables and leaves valid tables completely untouched. ```python import re def fix_invalid_markdown_tables(markdown_text): lines = markdown_text.splitlines() output = [] table_block = [] in_table = False for line in lines: # A line is “potentially” table-related if it contains a pipe. if '|' in line: table_block.append(line) in_table = True else: if in_table: output.extend(process_table_block(table_block)) table_block = [] in_table = False output.append(line) if table_block: output.extend(process_table_block(table_block)) return "\n".join(output) def process_table_block(block_lines): merged = merge_continuation_lines(block_lines) # If the merged block looks like a valid table, leave it untouched. if is_valid_table(merged): return block_lines else: return fix_table_block(merged) def merge_continuation_lines(lines): merged = [] current = None for line in lines: if '|' in line: if current is not None: merged.append(current) current = line.rstrip() elif line.strip(): if current is not None: current += " " + line.strip() else: current = line.rstrip() else: # blank line: flush current if exists if current is not None: merged.append(current) current = None merged.append(line) if current is not None: merged.append(current) return merged def is_valid_table(lines): if len(lines) < 2: return False header = parse_row(lines[0]) sep = parse_row(lines[1]) # The second row must be a proper separator row. if not sep or not all(is_valid_separator_cell(cell) for cell in sep if cell.strip() != ''): return False if len(header) != len(sep): return False # All remaining rows must have the same number of cells as header. for line in lines[2:]: if len(parse_row(line)) != len(header): return False return True def parse_row(row): parts = row.split('|') if row.strip().startswith('|'): parts = parts[1:] if row.strip().endswith('|'): parts = parts[:-1] return [p.strip() for p in parts] def is_valid_separator_cell(cell): return re.fullmatch(r':?-{3,}:?', cell.strip()) is not None def fix_table_block(lines): # Split merged lines into cell lists. rows = [parse_row(line) for line in lines] max_cols = max(len(r) for r in rows) norm_rows = [] for r in rows: if len(r) < max_cols: r = r + [''] * (max_cols - len(r)) elif len(r) > max_cols: r = r[:max_cols-1] + [" ".join(r[max_cols-1:])] norm_rows.append(r) # Preserve the header style (leading/trailing pipes) from the first line. style = table_style(lines[0]) fixed = [] # Rebuild header. fixed.append(rebuild_row(norm_rows[0], style)) # Check if second row is a valid separator. if len(norm_rows) > 1 and all(is_valid_separator_cell(cell) for cell in norm_rows[1]): sep_row = ['---'] * max_cols fixed.append(rebuild_row(sep_row, style)) data_start = 2 else: sep_row = ['---'] * max_cols fixed.append(rebuild_row(sep_row, style)) data_start = 1 # Rebuild remaining rows, skipping any extra separator rows. for r in norm_rows[data_start:]: if all(is_valid_separator_cell(cell) for cell in r): continue fixed.append(rebuild_row(r, style)) return fixed def table_style(row): s = row.strip() return (s.startswith('|'), s.endswith('|')) def rebuild_row(cells, style): s = " | ".join(cells) if style[0]: s = "|" + s if style[1]: s = s + "|" return s ``` ### How It Works 1. **Accumulation & Merging:** The main function scans line‐by‐line. When it sees a line with a pipe, it accumulates it (and also any following continuation lines that lack a pipe) into a table block. The helper function `merge_continuation_lines` concatenates such lines. 2. **Validity Check:** The helper `is_valid_table` splits the first two (or more) rows into cells and checks that the second row is a proper “separator row” (each cell matches `:?-{3,}:?`) and that all rows have the same number of cells. If the table is already valid, the original block is returned unchanged. 3. **Fixing:** For an invalid table, `fix_table_block` first splits rows into cells, then normalizes all rows to have the same number of columns (padding or collapsing extra cells). It then rebuilds the table: – It preserves the original “style” (i.e. whether the header started/ended with a pipe). – It ensures there is exactly one separator row (inserting one if missing or reconstructing one if misplaced) and rebuilds the header and data rows accordingly. This hybrid solution should work robustly on the sample inputs you provided while outperforming the individual approaches by combining careful merging, thorough validity checks, and style preservation.